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3  <title>ECCO: Estimating the Circulation &amp; Climate of the Ocean</title>  <title>ECCO: Estimating the Circulation &amp; Climate of the Ocean</title>
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5  <meta name="description" content="Welcome to the Estimation of the    <meta name="description" content="Welcome to the Estimation of the  
6  Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project homepage. ECCO is a consortium    Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project homepage. ECCO is a consortium  
7  involving the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the Jet Propulsion    involving the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the Jet Propulsion  
8  Laboratory (JPL/NASA), the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO/SDSC) and the Institut    Laboratory (JPL/NASA), the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO/SDSC) and the Institut  
9  fuer Meereskunde at the University of Hamburg (IfM). It is funded by the National    fuer Meereskunde at the University of Hamburg (IfM). It is funded by the National  
10  Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). The long term goal of ECCO is to provide    Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). The long term goal of ECCO is to provide  
11  a high resolution coupled ocean/sea-ice/biochemical (and ultimately, consistent    a high resolution coupled ocean/sea-ice/biochemical (and ultimately, consistent  
12  atmospheric) state estimate to a wide community." />  atmospheric) state estimate to a wide community." />
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94              <p class="headergray">&nbsp;</p>              </table>
95              <p class="headergray">PROJECT DESCRIPTION </p>              <p class="headergray"><a name="top" id="top"></a></p>
96                <p>ECCO was initially formed under the National Ocean Partnership Program (<a href="http://www.nopp.org/" target="_blank">NOPP</a>) with funding provided by the National Science Foundation (<a href="http://www.nsf.gov/" target="_blank">NSF</a>), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">NASA</a>), the Office of Naval Research (<a href="http://www.onr.navy.mil/" target="_blank">ONR</a>), and now the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (<a href="http://www.noaa.gov/" target="_blank">NOAA</a>). Its long term goal is to provide a high resolution coupled   ocean/sea-ice/biochemical (and ultimately, consistent atmospheric) state   estimate to a wide community. In contrast to so-called numerical weather   prediction, these estimates will include the ocean's history as well as   predictions. ECCO's efforts toward this goal now include several projects, each   of which is bringing ECCO closer to its long term goal, while providing   significant scientific contributions. </p>              <p class="headergray">&nbsp;</p>
97                <p><a href="http://www.ecco-group.org/images/WunschInMunkFig.jpg" target="_blank">An early vision, ca. 1982 </a><br />              <p class="headergray">PROJECT DESCRIPTION </p>
98                  (taken from <em>&quot;A Celebration in Geophysics and Oceanography 1982. In Honor of Walter Munk on his 65th birthday.&quot;</em> C. Garrett and C. Wunsch, Eds., SIO Reference Series 84-5, March 1984) <br />                <p>ECCO was initially formed under the National Ocean Partnership Program (<a href="http://www.nopp.org/" target="_blank">NOPP</a>) with funding provided by the National Science Foundation (<a href="http://www.nsf.gov/" target="_blank">NSF</a>), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">NASA</a>), the Office of Naval Research (<a href="http://www.onr.navy.mil/" target="_blank">ONR</a>), and now the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (<a href="http://www.noaa.gov/" target="_blank">NOAA</a>). Its long term goal is to provide a high resolution coupled   ocean/sea-ice/biochemical (and ultimately, consistent atmospheric) state   estimate to a wide community. In contrast to so-called numerical weather   prediction, these estimates will include the ocean's history as well as   predictions. ECCO's efforts toward this goal now include several projects, each   of which is bringing ECCO closer to its long term goal, while providing   significant scientific contributions. </p>
99                </p>                <p><a href="http://www.ecco-group.org/images/WunschInMunkFig.jpg" target="_blank">An early vision, ca. 1982 </a><br />
100                <p><BR />                  (taken from <em>&quot;A Celebration in Geophysics and Oceanography 1982. In Honor of Walter Munk on his 65th birthday.&quot;</em> C. Garrett and C. Wunsch, Eds., SIO Reference Series 84-5, March 1984) <br />
101                    <span class="homepagetitles">ECCO1</span>   </p>                </p>
102                <p>(The orignal ECCO)     ECCO1 refers to the initial consortium formed in 1998 by a group of scientists   at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (<A href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/earth/" target="_blank">JPL</A>), the Massachusetts Institute of   Technology (<A href="http://eapsweb.mit.edu/" target="_blank">MIT</A>) and the Scripps   Institution of Oceanography (<A href="http://sio.ucsd.edu/">SIO</A>).<br />From its   mission statement: <BR />                <p><BR />
103                      <em>"... to bring ocean state estimation from its current   experimental status to that of a practical and quasi operational tool for   studying large-scale ocean dynamics, designing observational strategies, and   examining the ocean's role in climate variability." </em><br />                    <span class="homepagetitles">ECCO1</span>   </p>
104                  (<A href="http://www.ecco-group.org/scienceplans/ecco1_scienceplan.pdf" target="_blank">click here   for a complete science plan</A>) <BR />                <p>(The orignal ECCO)     ECCO1 refers to the initial consortium formed in 1998 by a group of scientists   at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (<A href="http://scienceandtechnology.jpl.nasa.gov/research/research-topics-list/earth-sciences/ocean-science" target="_blank">JPL</A>), the Massachusetts Institute of   Technology (<A href="http://eapsweb.mit.edu/" target="_blank">MIT</A>) and the Scripps   Institution of Oceanography (<A href="http://sio.ucsd.edu/">SIO</A>).<br />From its   mission statement: <BR />
105                  <BR />                      <em>"... to bring ocean state estimation from its current   experimental status to that of a practical and quasi operational tool for   studying large-scale ocean dynamics, designing observational strategies, and   examining the ocean's role in climate variability." </em><br />
106                  Within ECCO1 two formal estimation   strategies were pursued for solving the least-squares model vs. data misfit   problem. </p>                  (<A href="http://www.ecco-group.org/scienceplans/ecco1_scienceplan.pdf" target="_blank">click here   for a complete science plan</A>) <BR />
107                <OL>                  <BR />
108                  <LI>ECCO-SIO       SIO and MIT have focused on the method of Lagrange multipliers (MLM),   also known as the adjoint method (or related, 4DVAR in meteorology).   Initial solutions covered the period 1992 to 1997 at 2 degree horizontal   resolution (version 0), and have later been extended to 2002 at 1 degree. (version   1). <BR />                  Within ECCO1 two formal estimation   strategies were pursued for solving the least-squares model vs. data misfit   problem. </p>
109                      <A href="http://www.ecco-group.org/ecco1/" target="_blank">ECCO-SIO   homepage</A>.<br />                <OL>
110                    <BR />                  <LI>ECCO-SIO       SIO and MIT have focused on the method of Lagrange multipliers (MLM),   also known as the adjoint method (or related, 4DVAR in meteorology).   Initial solutions covered the period 1992 to 1997 at 2 degree horizontal   resolution (version 0), and have later been extended to 2002 at 1 degree. (version   1). <BR />
111                  </li><LI>ECCO-JPL       JPL has focused mainly on an extended Kalman filter and RTS smoother   approach, and is near-operational, keeping its solution close to real-time.   Because of its focus on the tropical Pacific, its grid is telescopically   increased from 1 degree at mid-latitudes to 1/3 degree near the equator. <BR />                      <A href="http://www.ecco-group.org/ecco1/" target="_blank">ECCO-SIO   homepage</A>.<br />
112                      <A href="http://ecco.jpl.nasa.gov/external/" target="_blank">ECCO-JPL homepage</A>. </LI>                    <BR />
113                  </OL>                  </li><LI>ECCO-JPL       JPL has focused mainly on an extended Kalman filter and RTS smoother approach.  Solutions are produced in near real-time covering the period from 1993 to present.  Its grid telescopically increases from 1 deg. at mid-latitudes to 1/3 deg. near the equator with 46 vertical levels. <BR />
114                <p class="homepagetitles">&nbsp;</p>                      <A href="http://ecco.jpl.nasa.gov/external/" target="_blank">ECCO-JPL homepage</A>. </LI>
115                <p class="homepagetitles">ECCO-GODAE     </p>                  </OL>
116                <p>ECCO-GODAE is the continuation of ECCO1 beyond 2004 under NOPP sponsorship in   support of GODAE and CLIVAR with funding from NSF, NASA and NOAA. Additional   partners now include Atmospheric and Environmental Research (<A href="http://www.aer.com/" target="_blank">AER</A>). <br />From its mission statement: <BR />                <p class="homepagetitles">&nbsp;</p>
117                  <em>"... the   sustained production and improvement of on-going best-estimates of the   time-dependent, absolute ocean circulation employing as much of the global ocean   data sets as is practicable. " <br /></em>(<A href="http://www.ecco-group.org/scienceplans/" target="_blank">click here for a complete science   plan</A>) <BR />                <p class="homepagetitles">ECCO-GODAE     </p>
118                  ECCO-GODAE currently maintains the overall ECCO homepage</p>                <p>ECCO-GODAE is the continuation of ECCO1 beyond 2004 under NOPP sponsorship in   support of GODAE and CLIVAR with funding from NSF, NASA and NOAA. Additional   partners now include Atmospheric and Environmental Research (<A href="http://www.aer.com/" target="_blank">AER</A>). <br />From its mission statement: <BR />
119                <p><br />                  <em>"... the   sustained production and improvement of on-going best-estimates of the   time-dependent, absolute ocean circulation employing as much of the global ocean   data sets as is practicable. " <br /></em>(<A href="http://www.ecco-group.org/scienceplans/" target="_blank">click here for a complete science   plan</A>) <BR />
120                  <BR />                  ECCO-GODAE currently maintains the overall ECCO homepage</p>
121                  <BR />                <p><br />
122                  <span class="homepagetitles">GECCO     </span></p>                  <BR />
123                <p>German ECCO (GECCO) is an extension of ECCO-SIO, now based at the University of   Hamburg's Institut fuer Meereskunde (<A href="http://www.ifm.uni-hamburg.de/" target="_blank">IfM</A>). It has shifted its focus to   extending the estimation to cover the full 50-year NCEP/NCAR re-analysis period,   as well as to regional higher-resolution estimates in the North Atlantic. <BR />                  <BR />
124                  ECCO-GODAE  currently maintains the overall ECCO homepage</p>                  <span class="homepagetitles">GECCO     </span></p>
125                <p><BR />                <p>German ECCO (GECCO) is an extension of ECCO-SIO, now based at the University of   Hamburg's Institut fuer Meereskunde (<A href="http://www.ifm.uni-hamburg.de/" target="_blank">IfM</A>). It has shifted its focus to   extending the estimation to cover the full 50-year NCEP/NCAR re-analysis period,   as well as to regional higher-resolution estimates in the North Atlantic. <BR />
126                  <BR />                  ECCO-GODAE  currently maintains the overall ECCO homepage</p>
127                  <span class="homepagetitles">ECCO2 </span></p>                <p><BR />
128                <p>ECCO2 - High-Resolution Global-Ocean and Sea-Ice Data Synthesis is Phase   II of the ECCO project under the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP)   program. <br />From its mission statement: <BR />                  <BR />
129                  <em>"... to produce increasingly   accurate syntheses of all available global-scale ocean and sea-ice data at   resolutions that start to resolve ocean eddies and other narrow current systems,   which transport heat, carbon, and other properties within the ocean. " <br /></em>(<A href="http://www.ecco-group.org/scienceplans/ecco2_scienceplan.pdf" target="_blank">click here for a complete science plan</A>) <BR />                  <span class="homepagetitles">ECCO2 </span></p>
130                  <A href="http://ecco2.org" target="_blank">ECCO2 homepage</A>.<br />                <p>ECCO2 - High-Resolution Global-Ocean and Sea-Ice Data Synthesis is Phase   II of the ECCO project under the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP)   program. <br />From its mission statement: <BR />
131                </p>                  <em>"... to produce increasingly   accurate syntheses of all available global-scale ocean and sea-ice data at   resolutions that start to resolve ocean eddies and other narrow current systems,   which transport heat, carbon, and other properties within the ocean. " <br /></em>(<A href="http://www.ecco-group.org/scienceplans/ecco2_scienceplan.pdf" target="_blank">click here for a complete science plan</A>) <BR />
132                <p><a href="#top">back to top </a></p></td>                  <A href="http://ecco2.org" target="_blank">ECCO2 homepage</A>.<br />
133              </tr>                </p>
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