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% url.sty  ver 1.4    02-Mar-1999   Donald Arseneau   asnd@triumf.ca | 
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% Copyright 1996-1999 Donald Arseneau,  Vancouver, Canada. | 
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% This program can be used, distributed, and modified under the terms | 
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% of the LaTeX Project Public License. | 
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% | 
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% A form of \verb that allows linebreaks at certain characters or | 
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% combinations of characters, accepts reconfiguration, and can usually | 
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% be used in the argument to another command.  It is intended for email | 
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% addresses, hypertext links, directories/paths, etc., which normally | 
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% have no spaces.  The font may be selected using the \urlstyle command, | 
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% and new url-like commands can be defined using \urldef. | 
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% | 
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% Usage:    Conditions: | 
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% \url{ }   If the argument contains any "%", "#", or "^^", or ends with | 
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%           "\", it can't be used in the argument to another command. | 
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%           The argument must not contain unbalanced braces. | 
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% \url|  |  ...where "|" is any character not used in the argument and not | 
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%           "{" or a space.  The same restrictions as above except that the | 
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%           argument may contain unbalanced braces. | 
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% \xyz      for "\xyz" a defined-url;  this can be used anywhere, no matter | 
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%           what characters it contains. | 
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% | 
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% See further instructions after "\endinput" | 
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% | 
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\def\Url@ttdo{% style assignments for tt fonts or T1 encoding | 
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\def\UrlBreaks{\do\.\do\@\do\\\do\/\do\!\do\_\do\|\do\%\do\;\do\>\do\]% | 
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 \do\)\do\,\do\?\do\'\do\+\do\=}% | 
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\def\UrlBigBreaks{\do\:\do@url@hyp}% | 
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\def\UrlNoBreaks{\do\(\do\[\do\{\do\<}% (unnecessary) | 
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\def\UrlSpecials{\do\ {\ }}% | 
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\def\UrlOrds{\do\*\do\-\do\~}% any ordinary characters that aren't usually | 
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} | 
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\def\Url@do{% style assignments for OT1 fonts except tt | 
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\def\UrlBreaks{\do\.\do\@\do\/\do\!\do\%\do\;\do\]\do\)\do\,\do\?\do\+\do\=}% | 
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\def\UrlBigBreaks{\do\:\do@url@hyp}% | 
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\def\UrlNoBreaks{\do\(\do\[\do\{}% prevents breaks after *next* character | 
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\def\UrlSpecials{\do\<{\langle}\do\>{\mathbin{\rangle}}\do\_{\_% | 
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 \penalty\@m}\do\|{\mid}\do\{{\lbrace}\do\}{\mathbin{\rbrace}}\do | 
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 \\{\mathbin{\backslash}}\do\~{\raise.6ex\hbox{\m@th$\scriptstyle\sim$}}\do | 
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 \ {\ }}% | 
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\def\UrlOrds{\do\'\do\"\do\-}% | 
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} | 
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\def\url@ttstyle{% | 
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\@ifundefined{selectfont}{\def\UrlFont{\tt}}{\def\UrlFont{\ttfamily}}\Url@ttdo | 
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} | 
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\def\url@rmstyle{% | 
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\@ifundefined{selectfont}{\def\UrlFont{\rm}}{\def\UrlFont{\rmfamily}}\Url@do | 
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} | 
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\def\url@sfstyle{% | 
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\@ifundefined{selectfont}{\def\UrlFont{\sf}}{\def\UrlFont{\sffamily}}\Url@do | 
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} | 
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\def\url@samestyle{\ifdim\fontdimen\thr@@\font=\z@ \url@ttstyle \else | 
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  \url@rmstyle \fi \def\UrlFont{}} | 
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\@ifundefined{strip@prefix}{\def\strip@prefix#1>{}}{} | 
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\@ifundefined{verbatim@nolig@list}{\def\verbatim@nolig@list{\do\`}}{} | 
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\def\Url{% | 
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 \begingroup \let\url@moving\relax\relax \endgroup | 
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 \ifmmode\@nomatherr$\fi | 
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 \UrlFont $\fam\z@ \textfont\z@\font | 
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 \let\do\@makeother \dospecials % verbatim catcodes | 
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 \catcode`{\@ne \catcode`}\tw@ \catcode`\ 10 % except braces and spaces | 
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 \medmuskip0mu \thickmuskip\medmuskip \thinmuskip\medmuskip | 
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 \@tempcnta\fam\multiply\@tempcnta\@cclvi | 
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 \let\do\set@mathcode \UrlOrds % ordinary characters that were special | 
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 \advance\@tempcnta 8192 \UrlBreaks % bin | 
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 \advance\@tempcnta 4096 \UrlBigBreaks % rel | 
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 \advance\@tempcnta 4096 \UrlNoBreaks % open | 
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 \let\do\set@mathact \UrlSpecials % active | 
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 \let\do\set@mathnolig \verbatim@nolig@list % prevent ligatures | 
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 \@ifnextchar\bgroup\Url@z\Url@y} | 
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\def\Url@y#1{\catcode`{11 \catcode`}11 | 
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  \def\@tempa##1#1{\Url@z{##1}}\@tempa} | 
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\def\Url@z#1{\def\@tempa{#1}\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\Url@Hook | 
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  \expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\@tempa\UrlRight\m@th$\endgroup} | 
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\def\Url@Hook{\UrlLeft} | 
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\let\UrlRight\@empty | 
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\let\UrlLeft\@empty | 
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\def\set@mathcode#1{\count@`#1\advance\count@\@tempcnta\mathcode`#1\count@} | 
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\def\set@mathact#1#2{\mathcode`#132768 \lccode`\~`#1\lowercase{\def~{#2}}} | 
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\def\set@mathnolig#1{\ifnum\mathcode`#1<32768 | 
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   \lccode`\~`#1\lowercase{\edef~{\mathchar\number\mathcode`#1_{\/}}}% | 
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   \mathcode`#132768 \fi} | 
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\def\urldef#1#2{\begingroup \setbox\z@\hbox\bgroup | 
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  \def\Url@z{\Url@def{#1}{#2}}#2} | 
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\expandafter\ifx\csname DeclareRobustCommand\endcsname\relax | 
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  \def\Url@def#1#2#3{\m@th$\endgroup\egroup\endgroup | 
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    \def#1{#2{#3}}} | 
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\else | 
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  \def\Url@def#1#2#3{\m@th$\endgroup\egroup\endgroup | 
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    \DeclareRobustCommand{#1}{#2{#3}}} | 
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\fi | 
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\def\urlstyle#1{\csname url@#1style\endcsname} | 
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% Sample (and default) configuration: | 
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% | 
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\newcommand\url{\begingroup \Url} | 
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% | 
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% picTeX defines \path, so declare it optionally: | 
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\@ifundefined{path}{\newcommand\path{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url}}{} | 
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% | 
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% too many styles define \email like \address, so I will not define it. | 
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% \newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url} | 
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% Process LaTeX \package options | 
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% | 
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\urlstyle{tt} | 
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\let\Url@sppen\@M | 
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\def\do@url@hyp{}% by default, no breaks after hyphens | 
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\@ifundefined{ProvidesPackage}{}{ | 
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  \ProvidesPackage{url}[1999/03/02 \space ver 1.4 \space | 
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       Verb mode for urls, email addresses, and file names] | 
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  \DeclareOption{hyphens}{\def\do@url@hyp{\do\-}}% allow breaks after hyphens | 
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  \DeclareOption{obeyspaces}{\let\Url@Hook\relax}% a flag for later | 
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  \DeclareOption{spaces}{\let\Url@sppen\relpenalty} | 
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  \DeclareOption{T1}{\let\Url@do\Url@ttdo} | 
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  \ProcessOptions | 
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\ifx\Url@Hook\relax % [obeyspaces] was declared | 
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  \def\Url@Hook#1\UrlRight\m@th{\edef\@tempa{\noexpand\UrlLeft | 
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    \Url@retain#1\Url@nosp\, }\@tempa\UrlRight\m@th} | 
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  \def\Url@retain#1 {#1\penalty\Url@sppen\ \Url@retain} | 
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  \def\Url@nosp\,#1\Url@retain{} | 
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\fi | 
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} | 
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\edef\url@moving{\csname Url Error\endcsname} | 
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\expandafter\edef\url@moving | 
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 {\csname url used in a moving argument.\endcsname} | 
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\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter \let \url@moving\undefined  | 
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\endinput | 
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% | 
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% url.sty  ver 1.4   02-Mar-1999   Donald Arseneau   asnd@reg.triumf.ca | 
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% | 
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% This package defines "\url", a form of "\verb" that allows linebreaks, | 
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% and can often be used in the argument to another command.  It can be | 
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% configured to print in different formats, and is particularly useful for | 
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% hypertext links, email addresses, directories/paths, etc.  The font may | 
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% be selected using the "\urlstyle" command and pre-defined text can be | 
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% stored with the "\urldef" command. New url-like commands can be defined, | 
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% and a "\path" command is provided this way. | 
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% | 
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% Usage:    Conditions: | 
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% \url{ }   If the argument contains any "%", "#", or "^^", or ends with | 
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%           "\", it can't be used in the argument to another command. | 
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%           The argument must not contain unbalanced braces. | 
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% \url|  |  ...where "|" is any character not used in the argument and not | 
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%           "{" or a space.  The same restrictions as above except that the | 
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%           argument may contain unbalanced braces. | 
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% \xyz      for "\xyz" a defined-url;  this can be used anywhere, no matter | 
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%           what characters it contains. | 
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% | 
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% The "\url" command is fragile, and its argument is likely to be very | 
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% fragile, but a defined-url is robust. | 
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% | 
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% Package Option:  obeyspaces | 
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% Ordinarily, all spaces are ignored in the url-text.  The "[obeyspaces]" | 
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% option allows spaces, but may introduce spurious spaces when a url | 
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% containing "\" characters is given in the argument to another command. | 
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% So if you need to obey spaces you can say "\usepackage[obeyspaces]{url}", | 
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% and if you need both spaces and backslashes, use a `defined-url' for | 
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% anything with "\". | 
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% | 
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% Package Option:  hyphens | 
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% Ordinarily, breaks are not allowed after "-" characters because this | 
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% leads to confusion. (Is the "-" part of the address or just a hyphen?) | 
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% The package option "[hyphens]" allows breaks after explicit hyphen | 
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% characters.  The "\url" command will *never ever* hyphenate words. | 
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% | 
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% Package Option:  spaces | 
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% Likewise, breaks are not usually allowed after spaces under the | 
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% "[obeyspaces]" option, but giving the options "[obeyspaces,spaces]" | 
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% will allow breaks at those spaces. | 
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% | 
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% Package Option:  T1 | 
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% This signifies that you will be using T1-encoded fonts which contain | 
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% some characters missing from most older (OT1) encoded TeX fonts.  This | 
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% changes the default definition for "\urlstyle{rm}". | 
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% | 
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% Defining a defined-url: | 
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% Take for example the email address "myself%node@gateway.net" which could | 
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% not be given (using "\url" or "\verb") in a caption or parbox due to the | 
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% percent sign.  This address can be predefined with | 
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%    \urldef{\myself}\url{myself%node@gateway.net}   or | 
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%    \urldef{\myself}\url|myself%node@gateway.net| | 
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% and then you may use "\myself" instead of "\url{myself%node@gateway.net}" | 
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% in an argument, and even in a moving argument like a caption because a | 
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% defined-url is robust. | 
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% | 
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% Style: | 
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% You can switch the style of printing using "\urlstyle{tt}", where "tt" | 
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% can be any defined style.  The pre-defined styles are "tt", "rm", "sf", | 
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% and "same" which all allow the same linebreaks but different fonts -- | 
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% the first three select a specific font and the "same" style uses the | 
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% current text font.  You can define your own styles with different fonts | 
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% and/or line-breaking by following the explanations below.  The "\url" | 
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% command follows whatever the currently-set style dictates. | 
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% | 
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% Alternate commands: | 
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% It may be desireable to have different things treated differently, each | 
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% in a predefined style; e.g., if you want directory paths to always be | 
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% in tt and email addresses to be rm, then you would define new url-like | 
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% commands as follows: | 
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% | 
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%    \newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url} | 
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%    \newcommand\directory{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url} | 
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% | 
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% You must follow this format closely, and NOTE that the final command is | 
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% "\Url", not "\url".  In fact, the "\directory" example is exactly the | 
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% "\path" definition which is pre-defined in the package.  If you look | 
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% above, you will see that "\url" is defined with | 
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%    \newcommand\url{\begingroup \Url} | 
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% I.e., using whatever url-style has been selected. | 
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% | 
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% You can make a defined-url for these other styles, using the usual | 
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% "\urldef" command as in this example: | 
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% | 
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%    \urldef{\myself}{\email}{myself%node.domain@gateway.net} | 
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% | 
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% which makes "\myself" act like "\email{myself%node.domain@gateway.net}", | 
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% if the "\email" command is defined as above.  The "\myself" command | 
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% would then be robust. | 
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% | 
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% Defining styles: | 
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% Before describing how to customize the printing style, it is best to | 
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% mention something about the unusual implementation of "\url".  Although | 
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% the material is textual in nature, and the font specification required | 
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% is a text-font command, the text is actually typeset in *math* mode. | 
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% This allows the context-sensitive linebreaking, but also accounts for | 
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% the default behavior of ignoring spaces.  Now on to defining styles. | 
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% | 
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% To change the font or the list of characters that allow linebreaks, you | 
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% could redefine the commands "\UrlFont", "\UrlBreaks", "\UrlSpecials" etc. | 
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% directly in the document, but it is better to define a new `url-style' | 
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% (following the example of "\url@ttstyle" and "\url@rmstyle") which defines | 
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% all of "\UrlBigbreaks", "\UrlNoBreaks", "\UrlBreaks", "\UrlSpecials", and | 
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% "\UrlFont". | 
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% | 
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% Changing font: | 
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% The "\UrlFont" command selects the font.  The definition of "\UrlFont" | 
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% done by the pre-defined styles varies to cope with a variety of LaTeX | 
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% font selection schemes, but it could be as simple as "\def\UrlFont{\tt}". | 
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% Depending on the font selected, some characters may need to be defined | 
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% in the "\UrlSpecials" list because many fonts don't contain all the | 
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% standard input characters. | 
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% | 
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% Changing linebreaks: | 
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% The list of characters that allow line-breaks is given by "\UrlBreaks" | 
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% and "\UrlBigBreaks", which have the format "\do\c" for character "c". | 
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% The differences are that `BigBreaks' have a lower penalty and have | 
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% different breakpoints when in sequence (as in "http://"): `BigBreaks' | 
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% are treated as mathrels while `Breaks' are mathbins (see The TeXbook, | 
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% p.170). In particular, a series of `BigBreak' characters will break at | 
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% the end and only at the end; a series of `Break' characters will break | 
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% after the first and after every following *pair*; there will be no | 
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% break after a `Break' character if a `BigBreak' follows.  In the case | 
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% of "http://" it doesn't matter whether ":" is a `Break' or `BigBreak' -- | 
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% the breaks are the same in either case; but for DECnet nodes with "::" | 
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% it is important to prevent breaks *between* the colons, and that is why | 
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% colons are `BigBreaks'. | 
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% | 
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% It is possible for characters to prevent breaks after the next following | 
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% character (I use this for parentheses).  Specify these in "\UrlNoBreaks". | 
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% | 
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% You can do arbitrarily complex things with characters by making them | 
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% active in math mode (mathcode hex-8000) and specifying the definition(s) | 
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% in "\UrlSpecials".  This is used in the rm and sf styles for OT1 font | 
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% encoding to handle several characters that are not present in those | 
| 275 | 
  | 
  | 
% computer-modern style fonts.  See the definition of "\Url@do", which | 
| 276 | 
  | 
  | 
% is used by both "\url@rmstyle" and "\url@sfstyle"; it handles missing | 
| 277 | 
  | 
  | 
% characters via "\UrlSpecials".  The nominal format for setting each | 
| 278 | 
  | 
  | 
% special character "c" is: "\do\c{<definition>}", but you can include | 
| 279 | 
  | 
  | 
% other definitions too. | 
| 280 | 
  | 
  | 
% | 
| 281 | 
  | 
  | 
% | 
| 282 | 
  | 
  | 
% If all this sounds confusing ... well, it is!  But I hope you won't need | 
| 283 | 
  | 
  | 
% to redefine breakpoints -- the default assignments seem to work well for | 
| 284 | 
  | 
  | 
% a wide variety of applications.  If you do need to make changes, you can | 
| 285 | 
  | 
  | 
% test for breakpoints using regular math mode and the characters "+=(a". | 
| 286 | 
  | 
  | 
% | 
| 287 | 
  | 
  | 
% Yet more flexibility: | 
| 288 | 
  | 
  | 
% You can also customize the verbatim text by defining "\UrlRight" and/or | 
| 289 | 
  | 
  | 
% "\UrlLeft", e.g., for ISO formatting of urls surrounded by "<  >", define | 
| 290 | 
  | 
  | 
% | 
| 291 | 
  | 
  | 
%    \renewcommand\url{\begingroup \def\UrlLeft{<url: }\def\UrlRight{>}% | 
| 292 | 
  | 
  | 
%        \urlstyle{tt}\Url} | 
| 293 | 
  | 
  | 
% | 
| 294 | 
  | 
  | 
% The meanings of "\UrlLeft" and "\UrlRight" are *not* reproduced verbatim. | 
| 295 | 
  | 
  | 
% This lets you use formatting commands there, but you must be careful not | 
| 296 | 
  | 
  | 
% to use TeX's special characters ("\^_%~#$&{}" etc.) improperly. | 
| 297 | 
  | 
  | 
% You can also define "\UrlLeft" to reprocess the verbatim text, but the | 
| 298 | 
  | 
  | 
% format of the definition is special: | 
| 299 | 
  | 
  | 
% | 
| 300 | 
  | 
  | 
%    \def\UrlLeft#1\UrlRight{ ... do things with #1 ... } | 
| 301 | 
  | 
  | 
% | 
| 302 | 
  | 
  | 
% Yes, that is "#1" followed by "\UrlRight" then the definition.  For | 
| 303 | 
  | 
  | 
% example, to put a hyperTeX hypertext link in the DVI file: | 
| 304 | 
  | 
  | 
% | 
| 305 | 
  | 
  | 
%    \def\UrlLeft#1\UrlRight{\special{html:<a href="#1">}#1\special{html:</a>}} | 
| 306 | 
  | 
  | 
% | 
| 307 | 
  | 
  | 
% Using this technique, url.sty can provide a convenient interface for | 
| 308 | 
  | 
  | 
% performing various operations on verbatim text.  You don't even need | 
| 309 | 
  | 
  | 
% to print out the argument!  For greatest efficiency in such obscure | 
| 310 | 
  | 
  | 
% applications, you can define a null url-style where all the lists like | 
| 311 | 
  | 
  | 
% "\UrlBreaks" are empty. | 
| 312 | 
  | 
  | 
% | 
| 313 | 
  | 
  | 
% Revision History: | 
| 314 | 
  | 
  | 
% ver 1.1 6-Feb-1996:  | 
| 315 | 
  | 
  | 
% Fix hyphens that wouldn't break and ligatures that weren't suppressed. | 
| 316 | 
  | 
  | 
% ver 1.2 19-Oct-1996: | 
| 317 | 
  | 
  | 
% Package option for T1 encoding; Hooks: "\UrlLeft" and "\UrlRight". | 
| 318 | 
  | 
  | 
% ver 1.3 21-Jul-1997: | 
| 319 | 
  | 
  | 
% Prohibit spaces as delimiter characters; change ascii tilde in OT1. | 
| 320 | 
  | 
  | 
% ver 1.4 02-Mar-1999 | 
| 321 | 
  | 
  | 
% LaTeX license; moving-argument-error | 
| 322 | 
  | 
  | 
% The End | 
| 323 | 
  | 
  | 
 | 
| 324 | 
  | 
  | 
Test file integrity:  ASCII 32-57, 58-126:  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789 | 
| 325 | 
  | 
  | 
:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ |