--- manual/s_phys_pkgs/text/fizhi.tex 2004/01/28 18:37:08 1.4 +++ manual/s_phys_pkgs/text/fizhi.tex 2004/01/28 21:00:10 1.5 @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ \subsubsection{Moist Convective Processes} -\subsubsection{Sub-grid and Large-scale Convection} +\paragraph{Sub-grid and Large-scale Convection} \label{sec:fizhi:mc} Sub-grid scale cumulus convection is parameterized using the Relaxed Arakawa @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ lower layers in a process identical to the re-evaporation of convective rain. -\subsubsection{Cloud Formation} +\paragraph{Cloud Formation} \label{sec:fizhi:clouds} Convective and large-scale cloud fractons which are used for cloud-radiative interactions are determined @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ of latitude and height (Rosenfield, et al., 1987) are linearly interpolated to the current time. -\subsubsection{Shortwave Radiation} +\paragraph{Shortwave Radiation} The shortwave radiation package used in the package computes solar radiative heating due to the absoption by water vapor, ozone, carbon dioxide, oxygen, @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ \end{figure*} -\subsubsection{Longwave Radiation} +\paragraph{Longwave Radiation} The longwave radiation package used in the fizhi package is thoroughly described by Chou and Suarez (1994). As described in that document, IR fluxes are computed due to absorption by water vapor, carbon @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ assigned. -\subsubsection{Cloud-Radiation Interaction} +\paragraph{Cloud-Radiation Interaction} \label{sec:fizhi:radcloud} The cloud fractions and diagnosed cloud liquid water produced by moist processes @@ -613,13 +613,13 @@ Once all the diffusion coefficients are calculated, the diffusion equations are solved numerically using an implicit backward operator. -\subsubsection{Atmospheric Boundary Layer} +\paragraph{Atmospheric Boundary Layer} The depth of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is diagnosed by the parameterization as the level at which the turbulent kinetic energy is reduced to a tenth of its maximum near surface value. The vertical structure of the ABL is explicitly resolved by the lowest few (3-8) model layers. -\subsubsection{Surface Energy Budget} +\paragraph{Surface Energy Budget} The ground temperature equation is solved as part of the turbulence package using a backward implicit time differencing scheme: @@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ \subsubsection{Land Surface Processes} -\subsubsection{Surface Type} +\paragraph{Surface Type} The fizhi package surface Types are designated using the Koster-Suarez (1992) mosaic philosophy which allows multiple ``tiles'', or multiple surface types, in any one grid cell. The Koster-Suarez Land Surface Model (LSM) surface type classifications @@ -729,14 +729,14 @@ \end{figure*} -\subsubsection{Surface Roughness} +\paragraph{Surface Roughness} The surface roughness length over oceans is computed iteratively with the wind stress by the surface layer parameterization (Helfand and Schubert, 1991). It employs an interpolation between the functions of Large and Pond (1981) for high winds and of Kondo (1975) for weak winds. -\subsubsection{Albedo} +\paragraph{Albedo} The surface albedo computation, described in Koster and Suarez (1991), employs the ``two stream'' approximation used in Sellers' (1987) Simple Biosphere (SiB) Model which distinguishes between the direct and diffuse albedos in the visible @@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ \end{table} -\subsubsection{Topography and Topography Variance} +\paragraph{Topography and Topography Variance} Surface geopotential heights are provided from an averaging of the Navy 10 minute by 10 minute dataset supplied by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to the @@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ The sub-grid scale variance is constructed based on this smoothed dataset. -\subsubsection{Upper Level Moisture} +\paragraph{Upper Level Moisture} The fizhi package uses climatological water vapor data above 100 mb from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) as input into the model's radiation packages. The SAGE data is archived as monthly zonal means at 5$^\circ$ latitudinal resolution. The data is interpolated to the