/[MITgcm]/manual/s_phys_pkgs/text/fizhi.tex
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revision 1.1 by molod, Wed Jan 28 18:12:33 2004 UTC revision 1.2 by molod, Wed Jan 28 18:21:33 2004 UTC
# Line 12  boundary layer turbulence, and land surf Line 12  boundary layer turbulence, and land surf
12    
13  \subsubsection{Moist Convective Processes}  \subsubsection{Moist Convective Processes}
14    
15  \subsubsubsection{Sub-grid and Large-scale Convection}  \subsubsection{Sub-grid and Large-scale Convection}
16  \label{sec:fizhi:mc}  \label{sec:fizhi:mc}
17    
18  Sub-grid scale cumulus convection is parameterized using the Relaxed Arakawa  Sub-grid scale cumulus convection is parameterized using the Relaxed Arakawa
# Line 119  The large-scale precipitation re-evapora Line 119  The large-scale precipitation re-evapora
119  lower layers in a process identical to the re-evaporation of convective rain.  lower layers in a process identical to the re-evaporation of convective rain.
120    
121    
122  \subsubsubsection{Cloud Formation}  \subsubsection{Cloud Formation}
123  \label{sec:fizhi:clouds}  \label{sec:fizhi:clouds}
124    
125  Convective and large-scale cloud fractons which are used for cloud-radiative interactions are determined  Convective and large-scale cloud fractons which are used for cloud-radiative interactions are determined
# Line 219  climatological values specified as a fun Line 219  climatological values specified as a fun
219  of latitude and height (Rosenfield, et al., 1987) are linearly interpolated to the current time.  of latitude and height (Rosenfield, et al., 1987) are linearly interpolated to the current time.
220    
221    
222  \subsubsubsection{Shortwave Radiation}  \subsubsection{Shortwave Radiation}
223    
224  The shortwave radiation package used in the package computes solar radiative  The shortwave radiation package used in the package computes solar radiative
225  heating due to the absoption by water vapor, ozone, carbon dioxide, oxygen,  heating due to the absoption by water vapor, ozone, carbon dioxide, oxygen,
# Line 314  low/middle/high classification, and appr Line 314  low/middle/high classification, and appr
314  \end{figure*}  \end{figure*}
315    
316    
317  \subsubsubsection{Longwave Radiation}  \subsubsection{Longwave Radiation}
318    
319  The longwave radiation package used in the fizhi package is thoroughly described by Chou and Suarez (1994).  The longwave radiation package used in the fizhi package is thoroughly described by Chou and Suarez (1994).
320  As described in that document, IR fluxes are computed due to absorption by water vapor, carbon  As described in that document, IR fluxes are computed due to absorption by water vapor, carbon
# Line 382  For groups and/or levels outside the ran Line 382  For groups and/or levels outside the ran
382  assigned.  assigned.
383    
384    
385  \subsubsubsection{Cloud-Radiation Interaction}  \subsubsection{Cloud-Radiation Interaction}
386  \label{sec:fizhi:radcloud}  \label{sec:fizhi:radcloud}
387    
388  The cloud fractions and diagnosed cloud liquid water produced by moist processes  The cloud fractions and diagnosed cloud liquid water produced by moist processes
# Line 612  land. Line 612  land.
612  Once all the diffusion coefficients are calculated, the diffusion equations are solved numerically  Once all the diffusion coefficients are calculated, the diffusion equations are solved numerically
613  using an implicit backward operator.  using an implicit backward operator.
614    
615  \subsubsubsection{Atmospheric Boundary Layer}  \subsubsection{Atmospheric Boundary Layer}
616    
617  The depth of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is diagnosed by the parameterization as the  The depth of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is diagnosed by the parameterization as the
618  level at which the turbulent kinetic energy is reduced to a tenth of its maximum near surface value.  level at which the turbulent kinetic energy is reduced to a tenth of its maximum near surface value.
619  The vertical structure of the ABL is explicitly resolved by the lowest few (3-8) model layers.  The vertical structure of the ABL is explicitly resolved by the lowest few (3-8) model layers.
620    
621  \subsubsubsection{Surface Energy Budget}  \subsubsection{Surface Energy Budget}
622    
623  The ground temperature equation is solved as part of the turbulence package  The ground temperature equation is solved as part of the turbulence package
624  using a backward implicit time differencing scheme:  using a backward implicit time differencing scheme:
# Line 669  is a function of the ground wetness, $W$ Line 669  is a function of the ground wetness, $W$
669    
670  \subsubsection{Land Surface Processes}  \subsubsection{Land Surface Processes}
671    
672  \subsubsubsection{Surface Type}  \subsubsection{Surface Type}
673  The fizhi package surface Types are designated using the Koster-Suarez (1992) mosaic  The fizhi package surface Types are designated using the Koster-Suarez (1992) mosaic
674  philosophy which allows multiple ``tiles'', or multiple surface types, in any one  philosophy which allows multiple ``tiles'', or multiple surface types, in any one
675  grid cell. The Koster-Suarez Land Surface Model (LSM) surface type classifications  grid cell. The Koster-Suarez Land Surface Model (LSM) surface type classifications
# Line 728  and surface albedo.} Line 728  and surface albedo.}
728  \end{figure*}  \end{figure*}
729    
730    
731  \subsubsubsection{Surface Roughness}  \subsubsection{Surface Roughness}
732  The surface roughness length over oceans is computed iteratively with the wind  The surface roughness length over oceans is computed iteratively with the wind
733  stress by the surface layer parameterization (Helfand and Schubert, 1991).  stress by the surface layer parameterization (Helfand and Schubert, 1991).
734  It employs an interpolation between the functions of Large and Pond (1981)  It employs an interpolation between the functions of Large and Pond (1981)
735  for high winds and of Kondo (1975) for weak winds.  for high winds and of Kondo (1975) for weak winds.
736    
737    
738  \subsubsubsection{Albedo}  \subsubsection{Albedo}
739  The surface albedo computation, described in Koster and Suarez (1991),  The surface albedo computation, described in Koster and Suarez (1991),
740  employs the ``two stream'' approximation used in Sellers' (1987) Simple Biosphere (SiB)  employs the ``two stream'' approximation used in Sellers' (1987) Simple Biosphere (SiB)
741  Model which distinguishes between the direct and diffuse albedos in the visible  Model which distinguishes between the direct and diffuse albedos in the visible
# Line 815  current years and frequencies available. Line 815  current years and frequencies available.
815  \end{table}  \end{table}
816    
817    
818  \subsubsubsection{Topography and Topography Variance}  \subsubsection{Topography and Topography Variance}
819    
820  Surface geopotential heights are provided from an averaging of the Navy 10 minute  Surface geopotential heights are provided from an averaging of the Navy 10 minute
821  by 10 minute dataset supplied by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to the  by 10 minute dataset supplied by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to the
# Line 879  re-interpolated back to the 10 minute by Line 879  re-interpolated back to the 10 minute by
879  The sub-grid scale variance is constructed based on this smoothed dataset.  The sub-grid scale variance is constructed based on this smoothed dataset.
880    
881    
882  \subsubsubsection{Upper Level Moisture}  \subsubsection{Upper Level Moisture}
883  The fizhi package uses climatological water vapor data above 100 mb from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas  The fizhi package uses climatological water vapor data above 100 mb from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas
884  Experiment (SAGE) as input into the model's radiation packages.  The SAGE data is archived  Experiment (SAGE) as input into the model's radiation packages.  The SAGE data is archived
885  as monthly zonal means at 5$^\circ$ latitudinal resolution.  The data is interpolated to the  as monthly zonal means at 5$^\circ$ latitudinal resolution.  The data is interpolated to the
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