/[MITgcm]/manual/s_phys_pkgs/text/fizhi.tex
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revision 1.3 by molod, Wed Jan 28 18:27:15 2004 UTC revision 1.5 by molod, Wed Jan 28 21:00:10 2004 UTC
# Line 13  boundary layer turbulence, and land surf Line 13  boundary layer turbulence, and land surf
13    
14  \subsubsection{Moist Convective Processes}  \subsubsection{Moist Convective Processes}
15    
16  \subsubsection{Sub-grid and Large-scale Convection}  \paragraph{Sub-grid and Large-scale Convection}
17  \label{sec:fizhi:mc}  \label{sec:fizhi:mc}
18    
19  Sub-grid scale cumulus convection is parameterized using the Relaxed Arakawa  Sub-grid scale cumulus convection is parameterized using the Relaxed Arakawa
# Line 120  The large-scale precipitation re-evapora Line 120  The large-scale precipitation re-evapora
120  lower layers in a process identical to the re-evaporation of convective rain.  lower layers in a process identical to the re-evaporation of convective rain.
121    
122    
123  \subsubsection{Cloud Formation}  \paragraph{Cloud Formation}
124  \label{sec:fizhi:clouds}  \label{sec:fizhi:clouds}
125    
126  Convective and large-scale cloud fractons which are used for cloud-radiative interactions are determined  Convective and large-scale cloud fractons which are used for cloud-radiative interactions are determined
# Line 166  Figure (\ref{fig:fizhi:rhcrit}). Line 166  Figure (\ref{fig:fizhi:rhcrit}).
166    
167  \begin{figure*}[htbp]  \begin{figure*}[htbp]
168    \vspace{0.4in}    \vspace{0.4in}
169    \centerline{  \epsfysize=4.0in  \epsfbox{rhcrit.ps}}    \centerline{  \epsfysize=4.0in  \epsfbox{part6/rhcrit.ps}}
170    \vspace{0.4in}    \vspace{0.4in}
171    \caption  [Critical Relative Humidity for Clouds.]    \caption  [Critical Relative Humidity for Clouds.]
172              {Critical Relative Humidity for Clouds.}              {Critical Relative Humidity for Clouds.}
# Line 220  climatological values specified as a fun Line 220  climatological values specified as a fun
220  of latitude and height (Rosenfield, et al., 1987) are linearly interpolated to the current time.  of latitude and height (Rosenfield, et al., 1987) are linearly interpolated to the current time.
221    
222    
223  \subsubsection{Shortwave Radiation}  \paragraph{Shortwave Radiation}
224    
225  The shortwave radiation package used in the package computes solar radiative  The shortwave radiation package used in the package computes solar radiative
226  heating due to the absoption by water vapor, ozone, carbon dioxide, oxygen,  heating due to the absoption by water vapor, ozone, carbon dioxide, oxygen,
# Line 307  low/middle/high classification, and appr Line 307  low/middle/high classification, and appr
307    
308  \begin{figure*}[htbp]  \begin{figure*}[htbp]
309    \vspace{0.4in}    \vspace{0.4in}
310    \centerline{  \epsfysize=4.0in  %\epsfbox{rhcrit.ps}    \centerline{  \epsfysize=4.0in  %\epsfbox{part6/rhcrit.ps}
311               }               }
312    \vspace{0.4in}    \vspace{0.4in}
313    \caption  {Low-Middle-High Cloud Configurations}    \caption  {Low-Middle-High Cloud Configurations}
# Line 315  low/middle/high classification, and appr Line 315  low/middle/high classification, and appr
315  \end{figure*}  \end{figure*}
316    
317    
318  \subsubsection{Longwave Radiation}  \paragraph{Longwave Radiation}
319    
320  The longwave radiation package used in the fizhi package is thoroughly described by Chou and Suarez (1994).  The longwave radiation package used in the fizhi package is thoroughly described by Chou and Suarez (1994).
321  As described in that document, IR fluxes are computed due to absorption by water vapor, carbon  As described in that document, IR fluxes are computed due to absorption by water vapor, carbon
# Line 383  For groups and/or levels outside the ran Line 383  For groups and/or levels outside the ran
383  assigned.  assigned.
384    
385    
386  \subsubsection{Cloud-Radiation Interaction}  \paragraph{Cloud-Radiation Interaction}
387  \label{sec:fizhi:radcloud}  \label{sec:fizhi:radcloud}
388    
389  The cloud fractions and diagnosed cloud liquid water produced by moist processes  The cloud fractions and diagnosed cloud liquid water produced by moist processes
# Line 613  land. Line 613  land.
613  Once all the diffusion coefficients are calculated, the diffusion equations are solved numerically  Once all the diffusion coefficients are calculated, the diffusion equations are solved numerically
614  using an implicit backward operator.  using an implicit backward operator.
615    
616  \subsubsection{Atmospheric Boundary Layer}  \paragraph{Atmospheric Boundary Layer}
617    
618  The depth of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is diagnosed by the parameterization as the  The depth of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is diagnosed by the parameterization as the
619  level at which the turbulent kinetic energy is reduced to a tenth of its maximum near surface value.  level at which the turbulent kinetic energy is reduced to a tenth of its maximum near surface value.
620  The vertical structure of the ABL is explicitly resolved by the lowest few (3-8) model layers.  The vertical structure of the ABL is explicitly resolved by the lowest few (3-8) model layers.
621    
622  \subsubsection{Surface Energy Budget}  \paragraph{Surface Energy Budget}
623    
624  The ground temperature equation is solved as part of the turbulence package  The ground temperature equation is solved as part of the turbulence package
625  using a backward implicit time differencing scheme:  using a backward implicit time differencing scheme:
# Line 670  is a function of the ground wetness, $W$ Line 670  is a function of the ground wetness, $W$
670    
671  \subsubsection{Land Surface Processes}  \subsubsection{Land Surface Processes}
672    
673  \subsubsection{Surface Type}  \paragraph{Surface Type}
674  The fizhi package surface Types are designated using the Koster-Suarez (1992) mosaic  The fizhi package surface Types are designated using the Koster-Suarez (1992) mosaic
675  philosophy which allows multiple ``tiles'', or multiple surface types, in any one  philosophy which allows multiple ``tiles'', or multiple surface types, in any one
676  grid cell. The Koster-Suarez Land Surface Model (LSM) surface type classifications  grid cell. The Koster-Suarez Land Surface Model (LSM) surface type classifications
# Line 715  and surface albedo.} Line 715  and surface albedo.}
715    
716    
717  \begin{figure*}[htbp]  \begin{figure*}[htbp]
718    \centerline{  \epsfysize=7in  \epsfbox{surftypes.ps}}    \centerline{  \epsfysize=7in  \epsfbox{part6/surftypes.ps}}
719    \vspace{0.3in}    \vspace{0.3in}
720    \caption  {Surface Type Compinations at \txt resolution.}    \caption  {Surface Type Compinations at \txt resolution.}
721    \label{fig:fizhi:surftype}    \label{fig:fizhi:surftype}
722  \end{figure*}  \end{figure*}
723    
724  \begin{figure*}[htbp]  \begin{figure*}[htbp]
725    \centerline{  \epsfysize=7in  \epsfbox{surftypes.descrip.ps}}    \centerline{  \epsfysize=7in  \epsfbox{part6/surftypes.descrip.ps}}
726    \vspace{0.3in}    \vspace{0.3in}
727    \caption  {Surface Type Descriptions.}    \caption  {Surface Type Descriptions.}
728    \label{fig:fizhi:surftype.desc}    \label{fig:fizhi:surftype.desc}
729  \end{figure*}  \end{figure*}
730    
731    
732  \subsubsection{Surface Roughness}  \paragraph{Surface Roughness}
733  The surface roughness length over oceans is computed iteratively with the wind  The surface roughness length over oceans is computed iteratively with the wind
734  stress by the surface layer parameterization (Helfand and Schubert, 1991).  stress by the surface layer parameterization (Helfand and Schubert, 1991).
735  It employs an interpolation between the functions of Large and Pond (1981)  It employs an interpolation between the functions of Large and Pond (1981)
736  for high winds and of Kondo (1975) for weak winds.  for high winds and of Kondo (1975) for weak winds.
737    
738    
739  \subsubsection{Albedo}  \paragraph{Albedo}
740  The surface albedo computation, described in Koster and Suarez (1991),  The surface albedo computation, described in Koster and Suarez (1991),
741  employs the ``two stream'' approximation used in Sellers' (1987) Simple Biosphere (SiB)  employs the ``two stream'' approximation used in Sellers' (1987) Simple Biosphere (SiB)
742  Model which distinguishes between the direct and diffuse albedos in the visible  Model which distinguishes between the direct and diffuse albedos in the visible
# Line 816  current years and frequencies available. Line 816  current years and frequencies available.
816  \end{table}  \end{table}
817    
818    
819  \subsubsection{Topography and Topography Variance}  \paragraph{Topography and Topography Variance}
820    
821  Surface geopotential heights are provided from an averaging of the Navy 10 minute  Surface geopotential heights are provided from an averaging of the Navy 10 minute
822  by 10 minute dataset supplied by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to the  by 10 minute dataset supplied by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to the
# Line 866  It should be noted that negative values Line 866  It should be noted that negative values
866  the filtering procedure are {\em not} filled.  the filtering procedure are {\em not} filled.
867    
868  \begin{figure*}[htbp]  \begin{figure*}[htbp]
869    \centerline{  \epsfysize=7.0in  \epsfbox{lanczos.ps}}    \centerline{  \epsfysize=7.0in  \epsfbox{part6/lanczos.ps}}
870    \caption{ \label{fig:fizhi:lanczos} Comparison between the Lanczos and $mth$-order Shapiro filter    \caption{ \label{fig:fizhi:lanczos} Comparison between the Lanczos and $mth$-order Shapiro filter
871    response functions for $m$ = 2, 4, and 8. }    response functions for $m$ = 2, 4, and 8. }
872  \end{figure*}  \end{figure*}
# Line 880  re-interpolated back to the 10 minute by Line 880  re-interpolated back to the 10 minute by
880  The sub-grid scale variance is constructed based on this smoothed dataset.  The sub-grid scale variance is constructed based on this smoothed dataset.
881    
882    
883  \subsubsection{Upper Level Moisture}  \paragraph{Upper Level Moisture}
884  The fizhi package uses climatological water vapor data above 100 mb from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas  The fizhi package uses climatological water vapor data above 100 mb from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas
885  Experiment (SAGE) as input into the model's radiation packages.  The SAGE data is archived  Experiment (SAGE) as input into the model's radiation packages.  The SAGE data is archived
886  as monthly zonal means at 5$^\circ$ latitudinal resolution.  The data is interpolated to the  as monthly zonal means at 5$^\circ$ latitudinal resolution.  The data is interpolated to the
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