| 169 |
|
|
| 170 |
These cloud fractions are suppressed, however, in regions where the convective |
These cloud fractions are suppressed, however, in regions where the convective |
| 171 |
sub-cloud layer is conditionally unstable. The functional form of $RH_c$ is shown in |
sub-cloud layer is conditionally unstable. The functional form of $RH_c$ is shown in |
| 172 |
Figure (\ref{fig:fizhi:rhcrit}). |
Figure (\ref{fig.rhcrit}). |
| 173 |
|
|
| 174 |
\begin{figure*}[htbp] |
\begin{figure*}[htbp] |
| 175 |
\vspace{0.4in} |
\vspace{0.4in} |
| 176 |
\centerline{ \epsfysize=4.0in \epsfbox{part6/rhcrit.ps}} |
\centerline{ \epsfysize=4.0in \epsfbox{part6/rhcrit.ps}} |
| 177 |
\vspace{0.4in} |
\vspace{0.4in} |
| 178 |
\caption [Critical Relative Humidity for Clouds.] |
\caption [Critical Relative Humidity for Clouds.] |
| 179 |
{Critical Relative Humidity for Clouds.} |
{Critical Relative Humidity for Clouds.} |
| 180 |
\label{fig:fizhi:rhcrit} |
\label{fig.rhcrit} |
| 181 |
\end{figure*} |
\end{figure*} |
| 182 |
|
|
| 183 |
The total cloud fraction in a grid box is determined by the larger of the two cloud fractions: |
The total cloud fraction in a grid box is determined by the larger of the two cloud fractions: |
| 308 |
of a given layer is then scaled for both the direct (as a function of the |
of a given layer is then scaled for both the direct (as a function of the |
| 309 |
solar zenith angle) and diffuse beam radiation |
solar zenith angle) and diffuse beam radiation |
| 310 |
so that the grouped layer reflectance is the same as the original reflectance. |
so that the grouped layer reflectance is the same as the original reflectance. |
| 311 |
The solar flux is computed for each of the eight cloud realizations possible |
The solar flux is computed for each of eight cloud realizations possible within this |
|
(see Figure \ref{fig:fizhi:cloud}) within this |
|
| 312 |
low/middle/high classification, and appropriately averaged to produce the net solar flux. |
low/middle/high classification, and appropriately averaged to produce the net solar flux. |
| 313 |
|
|
|
\begin{figure*}[htbp] |
|
|
\vspace{0.4in} |
|
|
\centerline{ \epsfysize=4.0in %\epsfbox{part6/rhcrit.ps} |
|
|
} |
|
|
\vspace{0.4in} |
|
|
\caption {Low-Middle-High Cloud Configurations} |
|
|
\label{fig:fizhi:cloud} |
|
|
\end{figure*} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 314 |
\paragraph{Longwave Radiation} |
\paragraph{Longwave Radiation} |
| 315 |
|
|
| 316 |
The longwave radiation package used in the fizhi package is thoroughly described by \cite{chsz:94}. |
The longwave radiation package used in the fizhi package is thoroughly described by \cite{chsz:94}. |
| 675 |
cell occupied by any surface type were derived from the surface classification of |
cell occupied by any surface type were derived from the surface classification of |
| 676 |
\cite{deftow:94}, and information about the location of permanent |
\cite{deftow:94}, and information about the location of permanent |
| 677 |
ice was obtained from the classifications of \cite{dorsell:89}. |
ice was obtained from the classifications of \cite{dorsell:89}. |
| 678 |
The surface type for the \txt GCM grid is shown in Figure \ref{fig:fizhi:surftype}. |
The surface type map for a $1^\circ$ grid is shown in Figure \ref{fig:fizhi:surftype}. |
| 679 |
The determination of the land or sea category of surface type was made from NCAR's |
The determination of the land or sea category of surface type was made from NCAR's |
| 680 |
10 minute by 10 minute Navy topography |
10 minute by 10 minute Navy topography |
| 681 |
dataset, which includes information about the percentage of water-cover at any point. |
dataset, which includes information about the percentage of water-cover at any point. |
| 682 |
The data were averaged to the model's \fxf and \txt grid resolutions, |
The data were averaged to the model's grid resolutions, |
| 683 |
and any grid-box whose averaged water percentage was $\geq 60 \%$ was |
and any grid-box whose averaged water percentage was $\geq 60 \%$ was |
| 684 |
defined as a water point. The \fxf grid Land-Water designation was further modified |
defined as a water point. The Land-Water designation was further modified |
| 685 |
subjectively to ensure sufficient representation from small but isolated land and water regions. |
subjectively to ensure sufficient representation from small but isolated land and water regions. |
| 686 |
|
|
| 687 |
\begin{table} |
\begin{table} |
| 705 |
100 & Ocean \\ \hline |
100 & Ocean \\ \hline |
| 706 |
\end{tabular} |
\end{tabular} |
| 707 |
\end{center} |
\end{center} |
| 708 |
\caption{Surface type designations used to compute surface roughness (over land) |
\caption{Surface type designations.} |
|
and surface albedo.} |
|
| 709 |
\label{tab:fizhi:surftype} |
\label{tab:fizhi:surftype} |
| 710 |
\end{table} |
\end{table} |
| 711 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 712 |
\begin{figure*}[htbp] |
\begin{figure*}[htbp] |
| 713 |
\centerline{ \epsfysize=7in \epsfbox{part6/surftypes.ps}} |
\centerline{ \epsfysize=4.0in \epsfbox{part6/surftype.eps}} |
| 714 |
\vspace{0.3in} |
\vspace{0.2in} |
| 715 |
\caption {Surface Type Compinations at \txt resolution.} |
\caption {Surface Type Combinations.} |
| 716 |
\label{fig:fizhi:surftype} |
\label{fig:fizhi:surftype} |
| 717 |
\end{figure*} |
\end{figure*} |
| 718 |
|
|
| 719 |
\begin{figure*}[htbp] |
% \rotatebox{270}{\centerline{ \epsfysize=4in \epsfbox{part6/surftypes.eps}}} |
| 720 |
\centerline{ \epsfysize=7in \epsfbox{part6/surftypes.descrip.ps}} |
% \rotatebox{270}{\centerline{ \epsfysize=4in \epsfbox{part6/surftypes.descrip.eps}}} |
| 721 |
\vspace{0.3in} |
%\begin{figure*}[htbp] |
| 722 |
\caption {Surface Type Descriptions.} |
% \centerline{ \epsfysize=4in \epsfbox{part6/surftypes.descrip.ps}} |
| 723 |
\label{fig:fizhi:surftype.desc} |
% \vspace{0.3in} |
| 724 |
\end{figure*} |
% \caption {Surface Type Descriptions.} |
| 725 |
|
% \label{fig:fizhi:surftype.desc} |
| 726 |
|
%\end{figure*} |
| 727 |
|
|
| 728 |
|
|
| 729 |
\paragraph{Surface Roughness} |
\paragraph{Surface Roughness} |
| 743 |
Modifications are made to account for the presence of snow, and its depth relative |
Modifications are made to account for the presence of snow, and its depth relative |
| 744 |
to the height of the vegetation elements. |
to the height of the vegetation elements. |
| 745 |
|
|
| 746 |
\paragraph{Gravity Wave Drag}: |
\paragraph{Gravity Wave Drag} |
| 747 |
|
|
| 748 |
The fizhi package employs the gravity wave drag scheme of \cite{zhouetal:95}). |
The fizhi package employs the gravity wave drag scheme of \cite{zhouetal:95}). |
| 749 |
This scheme is a modified version of Vernekar et al. (1992), |
This scheme is a modified version of Vernekar et al. (1992), |
| 786 |
vegetation index, and the radiation-related background levels of: ozone, carbon dioxide, |
vegetation index, and the radiation-related background levels of: ozone, carbon dioxide, |
| 787 |
and stratospheric moisture. |
and stratospheric moisture. |
| 788 |
|
|
| 789 |
Boundary condition data sets are available at the model's \fxf and \txt |
Boundary condition data sets are available at the model's |
| 790 |
resolutions for either climatological or yearly varying conditions. |
resolutions for either climatological or yearly varying conditions. |
| 791 |
Any frequency of boundary condition data can be used in the fizhi package; |
Any frequency of boundary condition data can be used in the fizhi package; |
| 792 |
however, the current selection of data is summarized in Table \ref{tab:fizhi:bcdata}\@. |
however, the current selection of data is summarized in Table \ref{tab:fizhi:bcdata}\@. |
| 793 |
The time mean values are interpolated during each model timestep to the |
The time mean values are interpolated during each model timestep to the |
| 794 |
current time. Future model versions will incorporate boundary conditions at |
current time. |
|
higher spatial \mbox{($1^\circ$ x $1^\circ$)} resolutions. |
|
| 795 |
|
|
| 796 |
\begin{table}[htb] |
\begin{table}[htb] |
| 797 |
\begin{center} |
\begin{center} |
| 828 |
\paragraph{Upper Level Moisture} |
\paragraph{Upper Level Moisture} |
| 829 |
The fizhi package uses climatological water vapor data above 100 mb from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas |
The fizhi package uses climatological water vapor data above 100 mb from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas |
| 830 |
Experiment (SAGE) as input into the model's radiation packages. The SAGE data is archived |
Experiment (SAGE) as input into the model's radiation packages. The SAGE data is archived |
| 831 |
as monthly zonal means at 5$^\circ$ latitudinal resolution. The data is interpolated to the |
as monthly zonal means at $5^\circ$ latitudinal resolution. The data is interpolated to the |
| 832 |
model's grid location and current time, and blended with the GCM's moisture data. Below 300 mb, |
model's grid location and current time, and blended with the GCM's moisture data. Below 300 mb, |
| 833 |
the model's moisture data is used. Above 100 mb, the SAGE data is used. Between 100 and 300 mb, |
the model's moisture data is used. Above 100 mb, the SAGE data is used. Between 100 and 300 mb, |
| 834 |
a linear interpolation (in pressure) is performed using the data from SAGE and the GCM. |
a linear interpolation (in pressure) is performed using the data from SAGE and the GCM. |
| 837 |
\subsubsection{Fizhi Diagnostics} |
\subsubsection{Fizhi Diagnostics} |
| 838 |
|
|
| 839 |
Fizhi Diagnostic Menu: |
Fizhi Diagnostic Menu: |
| 840 |
\label{sec:fizhi-diagnostics:menu} |
\label{sec:pkg:fizhi:diagnostics} |
| 841 |
|
|
| 842 |
\begin{tabular}{llll} |
\begin{tabular}{llll} |
| 843 |
\hline\hline |
\hline\hline |
| 1369 |
|
|
| 1370 |
In this section we list and describe the diagnostic quantities available within the |
In this section we list and describe the diagnostic quantities available within the |
| 1371 |
GCM. The diagnostics are listed in the order that they appear in the |
GCM. The diagnostics are listed in the order that they appear in the |
| 1372 |
Diagnostic Menu, Section \ref{sec:fizhi-diagnostics:menu}. |
Diagnostic Menu, Section \ref{sec:pkg:fizhi:diagnostics}. |
| 1373 |
In all cases, each diagnostic as currently archived on the output datasets |
In all cases, each diagnostic as currently archived on the output datasets |
| 1374 |
is time-averaged over its diagnostic output frequency: |
is time-averaged over its diagnostic output frequency: |
| 1375 |
|
|
| 2971 |
\subsubsection{Dos and donts} |
\subsubsection{Dos and donts} |
| 2972 |
|
|
| 2973 |
\subsubsection{Fizhi Reference} |
\subsubsection{Fizhi Reference} |
| 2974 |
|
|
| 2975 |
|
\subsubsection{Experiments and tutorials that use fizhi} |
| 2976 |
|
\label{sec:pkg:fizhi:experiments} |
| 2977 |
|
|
| 2978 |
|
\begin{itemize} |
| 2979 |
|
\item{Global atmosphere experiment with realistic SST and topography in fizhi-cs-32x32x10 verification directory. } |
| 2980 |
|
\item{Global atmosphere aqua planet experiment in fizhi-cs-aqualev20 verification directory. } |
| 2981 |
|
\end{itemize} |
| 2982 |
|
|