1 |
\subsection{EXF: The external forcing package |
2 |
\label{sec:pkg:exf}} |
3 |
\begin{rawhtml} |
4 |
<!-- CMIREDIR:sectionexf: --> |
5 |
\end{rawhtml} |
6 |
|
7 |
Authors: Patrick Heimbach and Dimitris Menemenlis |
8 |
|
9 |
\subsubsection{Introduction |
10 |
\label{sec:pkg:exf:intro}} |
11 |
|
12 |
The external forcing package, in conjunction with the |
13 |
calendar package (cal), enables the handling of real-time |
14 |
(or ``model-time'') forcing |
15 |
fields of differing temporal forcing patterns. |
16 |
It comprises climatological restoring and relaxation. |
17 |
Bulk formulae are implemented to convert atmospheric fields |
18 |
to surface fluxes. |
19 |
An interpolation routine provides on-the-fly interpolation of |
20 |
forcing fields an arbitrary grid onto the model grid. |
21 |
|
22 |
CPP options enable or disable different aspects of the package |
23 |
(Section \ref{sec:pkg:exf:config}). |
24 |
Runtime options, flags, filenames and field-related dates/times are |
25 |
set in \texttt{data.exf} and \texttt{data.exf\_clim} |
26 |
(Section \ref{sec:pkg:exf:runtime}). |
27 |
A description of key subroutines is given in Section |
28 |
\ref{sec:pkg:exf:subroutines}. |
29 |
Input fields, units and sign conventions are summarized in |
30 |
Section \ref{sec:pkg:exf:fields_units}, and available diagnostics |
31 |
output is listed in Section \ref{sec:pkg:exf:fields_diagnostics}. |
32 |
|
33 |
%---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
34 |
|
35 |
\subsubsection{EXF configuration, compiling \& running} |
36 |
|
37 |
\paragraph{Compile-time options |
38 |
\label{sec:pkg:exf:config}} |
39 |
~ |
40 |
|
41 |
As with all MITgcm packages, EXF can be turned on or off at compile time |
42 |
% |
43 |
\begin{itemize} |
44 |
% |
45 |
\item |
46 |
using the \texttt{packages.conf} file by adding \texttt{exf} to it, |
47 |
% |
48 |
\item |
49 |
or using \texttt{genmake2} adding |
50 |
\texttt{-enable=exf} or \texttt{-disable=exf} switches |
51 |
% |
52 |
\end{itemize} |
53 |
(see Section \ref{sect:buildingCode}). |
54 |
|
55 |
Parts of the EXF code can be enabled or disabled at compile time |
56 |
via CPP preprocessor flags. These options are set in either |
57 |
\texttt{EXF\_OPTIONS.h} or in \texttt{ECCO\_CPPOPTIONS.h}. |
58 |
Table \ref{tab:pkg:exf:cpp} summarizes these options. |
59 |
|
60 |
\begin{table}[b!] |
61 |
\label{tab:pkg:exf:cpp} |
62 |
{\footnotesize |
63 |
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|} |
64 |
\hline |
65 |
\textbf{CPP option} & \textbf{Description} \\ |
66 |
\hline \hline |
67 |
\texttt{EXF\_VERBOSE} & |
68 |
verbose mode (recommended only for testing) \\ |
69 |
\texttt{ALLOW\_ATM\_TEMP} & |
70 |
compute heat/freshwater fluxes from atmos. state input \\ |
71 |
\texttt{ALLOW\_ATM\_WIND} & |
72 |
compute wind stress from wind speed input\\ |
73 |
\texttt{ALLOW\_BULKFORMULAE} & |
74 |
is used if \texttt{ALLOW\_ATM\_TEMP} or |
75 |
\texttt{ALLOW\_ATM\_WIND} is enabled \\ |
76 |
\texttt{EXF\_READ\_EVAP} & read evaporation instead of computing it \\ |
77 |
\texttt{ALLOW\_RUNOFF} & read time-constant river/glacier run-off field \\ |
78 |
\texttt{ALLOW\_DOWNWARD\_RADIATION} & compute net from downward or downward from net radiation \\ |
79 |
\texttt{USE\_EXF\_INTERPOLATION} & enable on-the-fly bilinear or bicubic interpolation of input fields \\ |
80 |
\hline |
81 |
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{used in conjunction with relaxation to prescribed (climatological) fields}} \\ |
82 |
\hline |
83 |
\texttt{ALLOW\_CLIMTEMP\_RELAXATION} & |
84 |
relaxation to 3-D temperature climatology \\ |
85 |
\texttt{ALLOW\_CLIMSALT\_RELAXATION} & |
86 |
relaxation to 3-D salinity climatology \\ |
87 |
\texttt{ALLOW\_CLIMSST\_RELAXATION} & |
88 |
relaxation to 2-D SST climatology \\ |
89 |
\texttt{ALLOW\_CLIMSSS\_RELAXATION} & |
90 |
relaxation to 2-D SSS climatology \\ |
91 |
\hline |
92 |
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\textit{these are set outside of EXF in} \texttt{CPP\_OPTIONS.h}} \\ |
93 |
\hline |
94 |
\texttt{SHORTWAVE\_HEATING} & enable shortwave radiation \\ |
95 |
\texttt{ATMOSPHERIC\_LOADING} & enable surface pressure forcing \\ |
96 |
\hline |
97 |
\end{tabular} |
98 |
} |
99 |
\caption{~} |
100 |
\end{table} |
101 |
|
102 |
|
103 |
%---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
104 |
|
105 |
\subsubsection{Run-time parameters |
106 |
\label{sec:pkg:exf:runtime}} |
107 |
|
108 |
Run-time parameters are set in files |
109 |
\texttt{data.pkg}, \texttt{data.exf}, and |
110 |
\texttt{data.exf\_clim} (for relaxation/climatological fields) |
111 |
which are read in \texttt{exf\_readparms.F}. |
112 |
Run-time parameters may be broken into 3 categories: |
113 |
(i) switching on/off the package at runtime, |
114 |
(ii) general flags and parameters, and |
115 |
(iii) attributes for each forcing and climatological field. |
116 |
|
117 |
\paragraph{Enabling the package} |
118 |
~ \\ |
119 |
% |
120 |
A package is usually switched on/off at runtime by setting |
121 |
(e.g. for EXF) \texttt{useEXF = .TRUE.} in \texttt{data.pkg}. |
122 |
For EXF this flag is omitted, i.e. EXF is always ON if it is compiled. |
123 |
|
124 |
\paragraph{General flags and parameters} |
125 |
~ \\ |
126 |
% |
127 |
\begin{table}[h!] |
128 |
\label{tab:pkg:exf:runtime_flags} |
129 |
{\footnotesize |
130 |
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|l|} |
131 |
\hline |
132 |
\textbf{Flag/parameter} & \textbf{default} & \textbf{Description} \\ |
133 |
\hline \hline |
134 |
useExfCheckRange & \texttt{.TRUE.} & |
135 |
check range of input fields and stop if out of range \\ |
136 |
useExfYearlyFields & \texttt{.FALSE.} & |
137 |
append current year postfix of form \texttt{\_YYYY} on filename \\ |
138 |
twoDigitYear & \texttt{.FALSE.} & |
139 |
instead of appending \texttt{\_YYYY} append \texttt{YY} \\ |
140 |
repeatPeriod & \texttt{0.0} & $ > 0 $ : |
141 |
cycle through all input fields at the same period (in seconds) \\ |
142 |
~ & ~ & $ = 0 $ : |
143 |
use period assigned to each field \\ |
144 |
exf\_offset\_atemp & \texttt{0.0} & set to 273.16 to convert from deg. Kelvin (assumed input) to Celsius \\ |
145 |
windstressmax & \texttt{2.0} & |
146 |
max. allowed wind stress $N/m^2$ \\ |
147 |
exf\_albedo & \texttt{0.1} & |
148 |
surface albedo used to compute downward vs. net radiative fluxes \\ |
149 |
exf\_iprec & \texttt{32} & |
150 |
precision of input fields (32-bit or 64-bit) \\ |
151 |
exf\_yftype & \texttt{'RL'} & |
152 |
precision of arrays ('RL' vs. 'RS') \\ |
153 |
\hline |
154 |
\end{tabular} |
155 |
} |
156 |
\caption{~} |
157 |
\end{table} |
158 |
|
159 |
|
160 |
\paragraph{Field attributes} |
161 |
~ \\ |
162 |
% |
163 |
All EXF fields are listed in Section \ref{sec:pkg:exf:fields_units}. |
164 |
Each field has a number of attributes which can be customized. |
165 |
They are summarized in |
166 |
Table \ref{tab:pkg:exf:runtime_attributes}. |
167 |
To obtain an attribute for a specific field, e.g. \texttt{uwind} |
168 |
prepend the field name to the listed attribute, e.g. for attribute |
169 |
\texttt{period} this yields \texttt{uwindperiod}: |
170 |
% |
171 |
\begin{eqnarray*} |
172 |
\begin{array}{cccccc} |
173 |
~ & \texttt{field} & \& & \texttt{attribute} & \longrightarrow & \texttt{parameter} \\ |
174 |
\text{e.g.} & \text{uwind} & \& & \text{period} & \longrightarrow & \text{uwindperiod} \\ |
175 |
\end{array} |
176 |
\end{eqnarray*} |
177 |
% |
178 |
|
179 |
\begin{table}[h!] |
180 |
\label{tab:pkg:exf:runtime_attributes} |
181 |
{\footnotesize |
182 |
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|l|} |
183 |
\hline |
184 |
\textbf{attribute} & \textbf{Default} & \textbf{Description} \\ |
185 |
\hline \hline |
186 |
\textit{field}\texttt{file} & ' ' & |
187 |
filename; if left empty no file will be read; \texttt{const} will be used instead \\ |
188 |
\textit{field}\texttt{const} & 0. & |
189 |
constant that will be used if no file is read \\ |
190 |
\textit{field}\texttt{startdate1} & 0. & |
191 |
format: \texttt{YYYYMMDD}; start year (YYYY), month (MM), day (YY) \\ |
192 |
~&~& of field to determine record number \\ |
193 |
\textit{field}\texttt{startdate2} & 0. & |
194 |
format: \texttt{HHMMSS}; start hour (HH), minute (MM), second(SS) \\ |
195 |
~&~& of field to determine record number\\ |
196 |
\textit{field}\texttt{period} & 0. & |
197 |
interval in seconds between two records \\ |
198 |
\texttt{exf\_inscal\_}\textit{field}& ~ & |
199 |
optional rescaling of input fields to comply with EXF units \\ |
200 |
\texttt{exf\_outscal\_}\textit{field}& ~ & |
201 |
optional rescaling of EXF fields when mapped onto MITgcm fields \\ |
202 |
\hline |
203 |
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\textit{used in conjunction with} |
204 |
\texttt{EXF\_USE\_INTERPOLATION}} \\ |
205 |
\hline |
206 |
\textit{field}\texttt{\_lon0} & $thetaMin+delX/2$ & |
207 |
starting longitude of input \\ |
208 |
\textit{field}\texttt{\_lon\_inc} & $delX$ & |
209 |
increment in longitude of input \\ |
210 |
\textit{field}\texttt{\_lat0} & $phiMin+delY/2$ & |
211 |
starting latitude of input \\ |
212 |
\textit{field}\texttt{\_lat\_inc} & $delY$ & |
213 |
increment in latitude of input \\ |
214 |
\textit{field}\texttt{\_nlon} & $Nx$ & |
215 |
number of grid points in longitude of input \\ |
216 |
\textit{field}\texttt{\_nlat} & $Ny$ & |
217 |
number of grid points in longitude of input \\ |
218 |
\hline |
219 |
\end{tabular} |
220 |
} |
221 |
\caption{\newline |
222 |
Note one exception for the default of |
223 |
\texttt{atempconst} = celsius2K = 273.16} |
224 |
\end{table} |
225 |
|
226 |
\paragraph{Example configuration} ~ \\ |
227 |
% |
228 |
The following block is taken from the \texttt{data.exf} file |
229 |
of the veification experiment \texttt{global\_with\_exf/}. |
230 |
It defines attributes for the heat flux variable \texttt{hflux}: |
231 |
|
232 |
\begin{verbatim} |
233 |
hfluxfile = 'ncep_qnet.bin', |
234 |
hfluxstartdate1 = 19920101, |
235 |
hfluxstartdate2 = 000000, |
236 |
hfluxperiod = 2592000.0, |
237 |
hflux_lon0 = 2 |
238 |
hflux_lon_inc = 4 |
239 |
hflux_lat0 = -78 |
240 |
hflux_lat_inc = 39*4 |
241 |
hflux_nlon = 90 |
242 |
hflux_nlat = 40 |
243 |
\end{verbatim} |
244 |
|
245 |
EXF will read a file of name 'ncep\_qnet.bin'. |
246 |
Its first record represents January 1st, 1991 at 00:00 UTC. |
247 |
Next record is 2592000 seconds (or 30 days) later. |
248 |
Interpolation on-the-fly is used (in the present case trivially |
249 |
on the same grid, but included nevertheless for illustration), |
250 |
and input field grid starting coordinates and increments are |
251 |
supplied as well. |
252 |
|
253 |
%---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
254 |
|
255 |
\subsubsection{EXF input fields and units |
256 |
\label{sec:pkg:exf:fields_units}} |
257 |
|
258 |
The following list is taken from the header file \texttt{exf\_fields.h}. |
259 |
It comprises all EXF input fields. |
260 |
|
261 |
Output fields which EXF provides to the MITgcm are fields |
262 |
\textbf{fu}, \textbf{fv}, \textbf{Qnet}, \textbf{Qsw}, \textbf{EmPmR}, |
263 |
and \textbf{pload}. They are defined in \texttt{FFIELDS.h}. |
264 |
|
265 |
{\footnotesize |
266 |
\begin{verbatim} |
267 |
|
268 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
269 |
c | |
270 |
c field :: Description |
271 |
c | |
272 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
273 |
c ustress :: Zonal surface wind stress in N/m^2 |
274 |
c | > 0 for increase in uVel, which is west to |
275 |
c | east for cartesian and spherical polar grids |
276 |
c | Typical range: -0.5 < ustress < 0.5 |
277 |
c | Southwest C-grid U point |
278 |
c | Input field |
279 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
280 |
c vstress :: Meridional surface wind stress in N/m^2 |
281 |
c | > 0 for increase in vVel, which is south to |
282 |
c | north for cartesian and spherical polar grids |
283 |
c | Typical range: -0.5 < vstress < 0.5 |
284 |
c | Southwest C-grid V point |
285 |
c | Input field |
286 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
287 |
c hflux :: Net upward surface heat flux in W/m^2 |
288 |
c | excluding shortwave (on input) |
289 |
c | hflux = latent + sensible + lwflux |
290 |
c | > 0 for decrease in theta (ocean cooling) |
291 |
c | Typical range: -250 < hflux < 600 |
292 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
293 |
c | Input field |
294 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
295 |
c sflux :: Net upward freshwater flux in m/s |
296 |
c | sflux = evap - precip - runoff |
297 |
c | > 0 for increase in salt (ocean salinity) |
298 |
c | Typical range: -1e-7 < sflux < 1e-7 |
299 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
300 |
c | Input field |
301 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
302 |
c swflux :: Net upward shortwave radiation in W/m^2 |
303 |
c | swflux = - ( swdown - ice and snow absorption - reflected ) |
304 |
c | > 0 for decrease in theta (ocean cooling) |
305 |
c | Typical range: -350 < swflux < 0 |
306 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
307 |
c | Input field |
308 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
309 |
c uwind :: Surface (10-m) zonal wind velocity in m/s |
310 |
c | > 0 for increase in uVel, which is west to |
311 |
c | east for cartesian and spherical polar grids |
312 |
c | Typical range: -10 < uwind < 10 |
313 |
c | Southwest C-grid U point |
314 |
c | Input or input/output field |
315 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
316 |
c vwind :: Surface (10-m) meridional wind velocity in m/s |
317 |
c | > 0 for increase in vVel, which is south to |
318 |
c | north for cartesian and spherical polar grids |
319 |
c | Typical range: -10 < vwind < 10 |
320 |
c | Southwest C-grid V point |
321 |
c | Input or input/output field |
322 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
323 |
c atemp :: Surface (2-m) air temperature in deg K |
324 |
c | Typical range: 200 < atemp < 300 |
325 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
326 |
c | Input or input/output field |
327 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
328 |
c aqh :: Surface (2m) specific humidity in kg/kg |
329 |
c | Typical range: 0 < aqh < 0.02 |
330 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
331 |
c | Input or input/output field |
332 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
333 |
c lwflux :: Net upward longwave radiation in W/m^2 |
334 |
c | lwflux = - ( lwdown - ice and snow absorption - emitted ) |
335 |
c | > 0 for decrease in theta (ocean cooling) |
336 |
c | Typical range: -20 < lwflux < 170 |
337 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
338 |
c | Input field |
339 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
340 |
c evap :: Evaporation in m/s |
341 |
c | > 0 for increase in salt (ocean salinity) |
342 |
c | Typical range: 0 < evap < 2.5e-7 |
343 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
344 |
c | Input, input/output, or output field |
345 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
346 |
c precip :: Precipitation in m/s |
347 |
c | > 0 for decrease in salt (ocean salinity) |
348 |
c | Typical range: 0 < precip < 5e-7 |
349 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
350 |
c | Input or input/output field |
351 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
352 |
c runoff :: River and glacier runoff in m/s |
353 |
c | > 0 for decrease in salt (ocean salinity) |
354 |
c | Typical range: 0 < runoff < ???? |
355 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
356 |
c | Input or input/output field |
357 |
c | !!! WATCH OUT: Default exf_inscal_runoff !!! |
358 |
c | !!! in exf_readparms.F is not 1.0 !!! |
359 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
360 |
c swdown :: Downward shortwave radiation in W/m^2 |
361 |
c | > 0 for increase in theta (ocean warming) |
362 |
c | Typical range: 0 < swdown < 450 |
363 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
364 |
c | Input/output field |
365 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
366 |
c lwdown :: Downward longwave radiation in W/m^2 |
367 |
c | > 0 for increase in theta (ocean warming) |
368 |
c | Typical range: 50 < lwdown < 450 |
369 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
370 |
c | Input/output field |
371 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
372 |
c apressure :: Atmospheric pressure field in N/m^2 |
373 |
c | > 0 for ???? |
374 |
c | Typical range: ???? < apressure < ???? |
375 |
c | Southwest C-grid tracer point |
376 |
c | Input field |
377 |
c---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
378 |
|
379 |
\end{verbatim} |
380 |
} |
381 |
|
382 |
%---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
383 |
|
384 |
\subsubsection{Key subroutines |
385 |
\label{sec:pkg:exf:subroutines}} |
386 |
|
387 |
Top-level routine: \texttt{exf\_getforcing.F} |
388 |
|
389 |
{\footnotesize |
390 |
\begin{verbatim} |
391 |
|
392 |
C !CALLING SEQUENCE: |
393 |
c ... |
394 |
c exf_getforcing (TOP LEVEL ROUTINE) |
395 |
c | |
396 |
c |-- exf_getclim (get climatological fields used e.g. for relax.) |
397 |
c | |--- exf_set_climtemp (relax. to 3-D temperature field) |
398 |
c | |--- exf_set_climsalt (relax. to 3-D salinity field) |
399 |
c | |--- exf_set_climsst (relax. to 2-D SST field) |
400 |
c | |--- exf_set_climsss (relax. to 2-D SSS field) |
401 |
c | o |
402 |
c | |
403 |
c |-- exf_getffields <- this one does almost everything |
404 |
c | | 1. reads in fields, either flux or atmos. state, |
405 |
c | | depending on CPP options (for each variable two fields |
406 |
c | | consecutive in time are read in and interpolated onto |
407 |
c | | current time step). |
408 |
c | | 2. If forcing is atmos. state and control is atmos. state, |
409 |
c | | then the control variable anomalies are read here |
410 |
c | | * ctrl_getatemp |
411 |
c | | * ctrl_getaqh |
412 |
c | | * ctrl_getuwind |
413 |
c | | * ctrl_getvwind |
414 |
c | | If forcing and control are fluxes, then |
415 |
c | | controls are added later. |
416 |
c | o |
417 |
c | |
418 |
c |-- exf_check_range |
419 |
c | | 1. Check whether read fields are within assumed range |
420 |
c | | (may capture mismatches in units) |
421 |
c | o |
422 |
c | |
423 |
c |-- exf_bulkformulae |
424 |
c | | 1. Compute net or downwelling radiative fluxes via |
425 |
c | | Stefan-Boltzmann law in case only one is known. |
426 |
c | | 2. Compute air-sea momentum and buoyancy fluxes from |
427 |
c | | atmospheric state following Large and Pond, JPO, 1981/82 |
428 |
c | o |
429 |
c | |
430 |
c |-- < add time-mean river runoff here, if available > |
431 |
c | |
432 |
c |-- < update tile edges here > |
433 |
c | |
434 |
c |-- exf_getsurfacefluxes |
435 |
c | | 1. If forcing and control are fluxes, then |
436 |
c | | controls are added here. |
437 |
c | o |
438 |
c | |
439 |
c |-- < treatment of hflux w.r.t. swflux > |
440 |
c | |
441 |
c |-- exf_diagnostics_fill |
442 |
c | | 1. Do EXF-related diagnostics output here. |
443 |
c | o |
444 |
c | |
445 |
c |-- exf_mapfields |
446 |
c | | 1. Map the EXF variables onto the core MITgcm |
447 |
c | | forcing fields. |
448 |
c | o |
449 |
c | |
450 |
c |-- exf_bulkformulae |
451 |
c | If ALLOW_BULKFORMULAE, compute fluxes via bulkformulae |
452 |
c | |
453 |
c |-- exf_getsurfacefluxes |
454 |
c | If forcing and control is flux, then the |
455 |
c | control vector anomalies are read here |
456 |
c | * ctrl_getheatflux |
457 |
c | * ctrl_getsaltflux |
458 |
c | * ctrl_getzonstress |
459 |
c | * call ctrl_getmerstress |
460 |
c | |
461 |
c |-- exf_mapfields |
462 |
c | Forcing fields from exf package are mapped onto |
463 |
c | mitgcm forcing arrays. |
464 |
c | Mapping enables a runtime rescaling of fields |
465 |
|
466 |
\end{verbatim} |
467 |
} |
468 |
|
469 |
Bulk formula routine: \texttt{exf\_bulkformulae.F} |
470 |
|
471 |
Generic I/O routine: \texttt{exf\_set\_gen.F} |
472 |
|
473 |
Interpolation routine: \texttt{exf\_interp.F} |
474 |
|
475 |
Header routines |
476 |
|
477 |
%---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
478 |
|
479 |
\subsubsection{EXF diagnostics |
480 |
\label{sec:pkg:exf:diagnostics}} |
481 |
|
482 |
Diagnostics output is available via the diagnostics package |
483 |
(see Section \ref{sec:pkg:diagnostics}). |
484 |
Available output fields are summarized in |
485 |
Table \ref{tab:pkg:exf:diagnostics}. |
486 |
|
487 |
\begin{table}[h!] |
488 |
\label{tab:pkg:exf:diagnostics} |
489 |
{\footnotesize |
490 |
\begin{verbatim} |
491 |
------------------------------------------------------ |
492 |
<-Name->|Levs|grid|<-- Units -->|<- Tile (max=80c) |
493 |
------------------------------------------------------ |
494 |
EXFlwdn | 1 | SM | W/m^2 | Downward longwave radiation, >0 increases theta |
495 |
EXFswdn | 1 | SM | W/m^2 | Downward shortwave radiation, >0 increases theta |
496 |
EXFqnet | 1 | SM | W/m^2 | Net upward heat flux (turb+rad), >0 decreases theta |
497 |
EXFtaux | 1 | SU | N/m^2 | zonal surface wind stress, >0 increases uVel |
498 |
EXFtauy | 1 | SV | N/m^2 | meridional surface wind stress, >0 increases vVel |
499 |
EXFuwind| 1 | SM | m/s | zonal 10-m wind speed, >0 increases uVel |
500 |
EXFvwind| 1 | SM | m/s | meridional 10-m wind speed, >0 increases uVel |
501 |
EXFatemp| 1 | SM | degK | surface (2-m) air temperature |
502 |
EXFaqh | 1 | SM | kg/kg | surface (2-m) specific humidity |
503 |
EXFevap | 1 | SM | m/s | evaporation, > 0 increases salinity |
504 |
EXFpreci| 1 | SM | m/s | evaporation, > 0 decreases salinity |
505 |
EXFempmr| 1 | SM | m/s | net upward freshwater flux, > 0 increases salinity |
506 |
EXFpress| 1 | SM | N/m^2 | atmospheric pressure field |
507 |
\end{verbatim} |
508 |
} |
509 |
\caption{~} |
510 |
\end{table} |
511 |
|
512 |
%---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
513 |
|
514 |
\subsubsection{Reference experiments} |
515 |
|
516 |
global\_with\_exf: |
517 |
|
518 |
lab\_sea: |
519 |
|
520 |
%---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
521 |
|
522 |
\subsubsection{References} |