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% $Header: /u/gcmpack/mitgcmdoc/part1/appendix_operators.tex,v 1.1.1.1 2001/08/08 16:16:19 adcroft Exp $ |
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% $Name: $ |
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1.1 |
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\section{Appendix:OPERATORS} |
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\subsection{Coordinate systems} |
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\subsubsection{Spherical coordinates} |
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In spherical coordinates, the velocity components in the zonal, meridional |
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and vertical direction respectively, are given by (see Fig.2) : |
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\[ |
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u=r\cos \phi \frac{D\lambda }{Dt} |
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\] |
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\[ |
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v=r\frac{D\phi }{Dt}\qquad |
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\] |
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$\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad $ |
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\[ |
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\dot{r}=\frac{Dr}{Dt} |
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\] |
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Here $\phi $ is the latitude, $\lambda $ the longitude, $r$ the radial |
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distance of the particle from the center of the earth, $\Omega $ is the |
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angular speed of rotation of the Earth and $D/Dt$ is the total derivative. |
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Fig.2. The spherical polar velocities $(u,v,\dot{r})$, the latitude is $\phi |
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$ and the longitude $\lambda $. |
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The `grad' ($\nabla $) and `div' ($\nabla $.) operators are defined by, in |
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spherical coordinates: |
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\[ |
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\nabla \equiv \left( \frac{1}{r\cos \phi }\frac{\partial }{\partial \lambda } |
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,\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial \phi },\frac{\partial }{\partial r} |
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\right) |
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\] |
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\[ |
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\nabla .v\equiv \frac{1}{r\cos \phi }\left\{ \frac{\partial u}{\partial |
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\lambda }+\frac{\partial }{\partial \phi }\left( v\cos \phi \right) \right\} |
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+\frac{1}{r^{2}}\frac{\partial \left( r^{2}\dot{r}\right) }{\partial r} |
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\] |