/[MITgcm]/manual/s_getstarted/text/getting_started.tex

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-revision 1.15 by edhill,
Wed Jan 28 20:50:14 2004 UTC
+revision 1.20 by edhill,
Mon Feb 16 02:42:10 2004 UTC
 Line 39 
 http://mitgcm.org/pipermail/mitgcm-suppo
  \begin{rawhtml} </A> \end{rawhtml}
  Essentially all of the MITgcm web pages can be searched using a
  popular web crawler such as Google or through our own search facility:
+ \begin{rawhtml} <A href=http://mitgcm.org/mailman/htdig/ target="idontexist"> \end{rawhtml}
  \begin{verbatim}
  http://mitgcm.org/htdig/
  \end{verbatim}
-Line 78 
 provide easy support for maintenance upd
+Line 79 
 provide easy support for maintenance upd
  \end{enumerate}
+ \subsubsection{Checkout from CVS}
+ \label{sect:cvs_checkout}
  If CVS is available on your system, we strongly encourage you to use it. CVS
  provides an efficient and elegant way of organizing your code and keeping
  track of your changes. If CVS is not available on your machine, you can also
-Line 92 
 in your .cshrc or .tcshrc file.  For bas
+Line 96 
 in your .cshrc or .tcshrc file.  For bas
  \begin{verbatim}
  % export CVSROOT=':pserver:cvsanon@mitgcm.org:/u/gcmpack'
  \end{verbatim}
- in your .profile or .bashrc file.
+ in your \texttt{.profile} or \texttt{.bashrc} file.
  To get MITgcm through CVS, first register with the MITgcm CVS server
-Line 108 
 To obtain the latest sources type:
+Line 112 
 To obtain the latest sources type:
  \end{verbatim}
  or to get a specific release type:
  \begin{verbatim}
- % cvs co -d directory -P -r release1_beta1 MITgcm
+ % cvs co -P -r checkpoint52i_post  MITgcm
  \end{verbatim}
  The MITgcm web site contains further directions concerning the source
  code and CVS.  It also contains a web interface to our CVS archive so
  that one may easily view the state of files, revisions, and other
  development milestones:
- \begin{rawhtml} <A href=http://mitgcm.org/download target="idontexist"> \end{rawhtml}
+ \begin{rawhtml} <A href=''http://mitgcm.org/download'' target="idontexist"> \end{rawhtml}
  \begin{verbatim}
  http://mitgcm.org/source_code.html
  \end{verbatim}
  \begin{rawhtml} </A> \end{rawhtml}
+ As a convenience, the MITgcm CVS server contains aliases which are
+ named subsets of the codebase.  These aliases can be especially
+ helpful when used over slow internet connections or on machines with
+ restricted storage space.  Table \ref{tab:cvsModules} contains a list
+ of CVS aliases
+ \begin{table}[htb]
+   \centering
+   \begin{tabular}[htb]{|lp{3.25in}|}\hline
+     \textbf{Alias Name}    &  \textbf{Information (directories) Contained}  \\\hline
+     \texttt{MITgcm\_code}  &  Only the source code -- none of the verification examples.  \\
+     \texttt{MITgcm\_verif\_basic}
+     &  Source code plus a small set of the verification examples
+     (\texttt{global\_ocean.90x40x15}, \texttt{aim.5l\_cs}, \texttt{hs94.128x64x5},
+     \texttt{front\_relax}, and \texttt{plume\_on\_slope}).  \\
+     \texttt{MITgcm\_verif\_atmos}  &  Source code plus all of the atmospheric examples.  \\
+     \texttt{MITgcm\_verif\_ocean}  &  Source code plus all of the oceanic examples.  \\
+     \texttt{MITgcm\_verif\_all}    &  Source code plus all of the
+     verification examples. \\\hline
+   \end{tabular}
+   \caption{MITgcm CVS Modules}
+   \label{tab:cvsModules}
+ \end{table}
  The checkout process creates a directory called \textit{MITgcm}. If
  the directory \textit{MITgcm} exists this command updates your code
-Line 129 
 track of your file versions with respect
+Line 155 
 track of your file versions with respect
  the files in \textit{CVS}!  You can also use CVS to download code
  updates.  More extensive information on using CVS for maintaining
  MITgcm code can be found
- \begin{rawhtml} <A href=http://mitgcm.org/usingcvstoget.html target="idontexist"> \end{rawhtml}
+ \begin{rawhtml} <A href=''http://mitgcm.org/usingcvstoget.html'' target="idontexist"> \end{rawhtml}
  here
  \begin{rawhtml} </A> \end{rawhtml}
  .
+ It is important to note that the CVS aliases in Table
+ \ref{tab:cvsModules} cannot be used in conjunction with the CVS
+ \texttt{-d DIRNAME} option.  However, the \texttt{MITgcm} directories
+ they create can be changed to a different name following the check-out:
+ \begin{verbatim}
+    %  cvs co MITgcm_verif_basic
+    %  mv MITgcm MITgcm_verif_basic
+ \end{verbatim}
- \paragraph*{Conventional download method}
+ \subsubsection{Conventional download method}
  \label{sect:conventionalDownload}
  If you do not have CVS on your system, you can download the model as a
-Line 149 
 The tar file still contains CVS informat
+Line 183 
 The tar file still contains CVS informat
  delete; even if you do not use CVS yourself the information can help
  us if you should need to send us your copy of the code.  If a recent
  tar file does not exist, then please contact the developers through
- the MITgcm-support list.
+ the
+ \begin{rawhtml} <A href=''mailto:MITgcm-support@mitgcm.org"> \end{rawhtml}
+ MITgcm-support@mitgcm.org
+ \begin{rawhtml} </A> \end{rawhtml}
+ mailing list.
- \paragraph*{Upgrading from an earlier version}
+ \subsubsection{Upgrading from an earlier version}
  If you already have an earlier version of the code you can ``upgrade''
  your copy instead of downloading the entire repository again. First,
-Line 161 
 your copy instead of downloading the ent
+Line 199 
 your copy instead of downloading the ent
  \end{verbatim}
  and then issue the cvs update command such as:
  \begin{verbatim}
- % cvs -q update -r release1_beta1 -d -P
+ % cvs -q update -r checkpoint52i_post -d -P
  \end{verbatim}
- This will update the ``tag'' to ``release1\_beta1'', add any new
+ This will update the ``tag'' to ``checkpoint52i\_post'', add any new
  directories (-d) and remove any empty directories (-P). The -q option
  means be quiet which will reduce the number of messages you'll see in
  the terminal. If you have modified the code prior to upgrading, CVS
-Line 177 
 If the list of conflicts scrolled off th
+Line 215 
 If the list of conflicts scrolled off th
  cvs update command and it will report the conflicts. Conflicts are
  indicated in the code by the delimites ``$<<<<<<<$'', ``======='' and
  ``$>>>>>>>$''. For example,
+ {\small
  \begin{verbatim}
  <<<<<<< ini_parms.F
       & bottomDragLinear,myOwnBottomDragCoefficient,
-Line 184 
 indicated in the code by the delimites `
+Line 223 
 indicated in the code by the delimites `
       & bottomDragLinear,bottomDragQuadratic,
  >>>>>>> 1.18
  \end{verbatim}
+ }
  means that you added ``myOwnBottomDragCoefficient'' to a namelist at
  the same time and place that we added ``bottomDragQuadratic''. You
  need to resolve this conflict and in this case the line should be
  changed to:
+ {\small
  \begin{verbatim}
       & bottomDragLinear,bottomDragQuadratic,myOwnBottomDragCoefficient,
  \end{verbatim}
+ }
  and the lines with the delimiters ($<<<<<<$,======,$>>>>>>$) be deleted.
  Unless you are making modifications which exactly parallel
  developments we make, these types of conflicts should be rare.
-Line 224 
 model code. The execution environment su
+Line 266 
 model code. The execution environment su
  \textit{eesupp} directory. The grid point model code is held under the
  \textit{model} directory. Code execution actually starts in the
  \textit{eesupp} routines and not in the \textit{model} routines. For
- this reason the top-level
+ this reason the top-level \textit{MAIN.F} is in the
- \textit{MAIN.F} is in the \textit{eesupp/src} directory. In general,
+ \textit{eesupp/src} directory. In general, end-users should not need
- end-users should not need to worry about this level. The top-level routine
+ to worry about this level. The top-level routine for the numerical
- for the numerical part of the code is in \textit{model/src/THE\_MODEL\_MAIN.F%
+ part of the code is in \textit{model/src/THE\_MODEL\_MAIN.F}. Here is
- }. Here is a brief description of the directory structure of the model under
+ a brief description of the directory structure of the model under the
- the root tree (a detailed description is given in section 3: Code structure).
+ root tree (a detailed description is given in section 3: Code
+ structure).
  \begin{itemize}
- \item \textit{bin}: this directory is initially empty. It is the default
- directory in which to compile the code.
+ \item \textit{bin}: this directory is initially empty. It is the
+   default directory in which to compile the code.
  \item \textit{diags}: contains the code relative to time-averaged
- diagnostics. It is subdivided into two subdirectories \textit{inc} and
+   diagnostics. It is subdivided into two subdirectories \textit{inc}
- \textit{src} that contain include files (*.\textit{h} files) and Fortran
+   and \textit{src} that contain include files (*.\textit{h} files) and
- subroutines (*.\textit{F} files), respectively.
+   Fortran subroutines (*.\textit{F} files), respectively.
  \item \textit{doc}: contains brief documentation notes.
- \item \textit{eesupp}: contains the execution environment source code. Also
+ \item \textit{eesupp}: contains the execution environment source code.
- subdivided into two subdirectories \textit{inc} and \textit{src}.
+   Also subdivided into two subdirectories \textit{inc} and
+   \textit{src}.
- \item \textit{exe}: this directory is initially empty. It is the default
- directory in which to execute the code.
+ \item \textit{exe}: this directory is initially empty. It is the
+   default directory in which to execute the code.
- \item \textit{model}: this directory contains the main source code. Also
- subdivided into two subdirectories \textit{inc} and \textit{src}.
+ \item \textit{model}: this directory contains the main source code.
+   Also subdivided into two subdirectories \textit{inc} and
- \item \textit{pkg}: contains the source code for the packages. Each package
+   \textit{src}.
- corresponds to a subdirectory. For example, \textit{gmredi} contains the
- code related to the Gent-McWilliams/Redi scheme, \textit{aim} the code
+ \item \textit{pkg}: contains the source code for the packages. Each
- relative to the atmospheric intermediate physics. The packages are described
+   package corresponds to a subdirectory. For example, \textit{gmredi}
- in detail in section 3.
+   contains the code related to the Gent-McWilliams/Redi scheme,
+   \textit{aim} the code relative to the atmospheric intermediate
- \item \textit{tools}: this directory contains various useful tools. For
+   physics. The packages are described in detail in section 3.
- example, \textit{genmake2} is a script written in csh (C-shell) that should
- be used to generate your makefile. The directory \textit{adjoint} contains
+ \item \textit{tools}: this directory contains various useful tools.
- the makefile specific to the Tangent linear and Adjoint Compiler (TAMC) that
+   For example, \textit{genmake2} is a script written in csh (C-shell)
- generates the adjoint code. The latter is described in details in part V.
+   that should be used to generate your makefile. The directory
+   \textit{adjoint} contains the makefile specific to the Tangent
+   linear and Adjoint Compiler (TAMC) that generates the adjoint code.
+   The latter is described in details in part V.
  \item \textit{utils}: this directory contains various utilities. The
- subdirectory \textit{knudsen2} contains code and a makefile that
+   subdirectory \textit{knudsen2} contains code and a makefile that
- compute coefficients of the polynomial approximation to the knudsen
+   compute coefficients of the polynomial approximation to the knudsen
- formula for an ocean nonlinear equation of state. The \textit{matlab}
+   formula for an ocean nonlinear equation of state. The
- subdirectory contains matlab scripts for reading model output directly
+   \textit{matlab} subdirectory contains matlab scripts for reading
- into matlab. \textit{scripts} contains C-shell post-processing
+   model output directly into matlab. \textit{scripts} contains C-shell
- scripts for joining processor-based and tiled-based model output.
+   post-processing scripts for joining processor-based and tiled-based
+   model output.
+ \item \textit{verification}: this directory contains the model
+   examples. See section \ref{sect:modelExamples}.
- \item \textit{verification}: this directory contains the model examples. See
- section \ref{sect:modelExamples}.
  \end{itemize}
  \section{Example experiments}
-Line 294 
 below.
+Line 343 
 below.
  \subsection{Full list of model examples}
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item \textit{exp0} - single layer, ocean double gyre (barotropic with
    free-surface). This experiment is described in detail in section
    \ref{sect:eg-baro}.
-Line 383 
 Each example directory has the following
+Line 433 
 Each example directory has the following
  \begin{itemize}
  \item \textit{code}: contains the code particular to the example. At a
- minimum, this directory includes the following files:
+   minimum, this directory includes the following files:
- \begin{itemize}
+   \begin{itemize}
- \item \textit{code/CPP\_EEOPTIONS.h}: declares CPP keys relative to
+   \item \textit{code/CPP\_EEOPTIONS.h}: declares CPP keys relative to
-   the ``execution environment'' part of the code. The default version
+     the ``execution environment'' part of the code. The default
-   is located in \textit{eesupp/inc}.
+     version is located in \textit{eesupp/inc}.
- \item \textit{code/CPP\_OPTIONS.h}: declares CPP keys relative to the
+   \item \textit{code/CPP\_OPTIONS.h}: declares CPP keys relative to
-   ``numerical model'' part of the code. The default version is located
+     the ``numerical model'' part of the code. The default version is
-   in \textit{model/inc}.
+     located in \textit{model/inc}.
+   \item \textit{code/SIZE.h}: declares size of underlying
+     computational grid.  The default version is located in
+     \textit{model/inc}.
+   \end{itemize}
+   In addition, other include files and subroutines might be present in
+   \textit{code} depending on the particular experiment. See Section 2
+   for more details.
- \item \textit{code/SIZE.h}: declares size of underlying computational
-   grid.  The default version is located in \textit{model/inc}.
- \end{itemize}
- In addition, other include files and subroutines might be present in
- \textit{code} depending on the particular experiment. See Section 2
- for more details.
  \item \textit{input}: contains the input data files required to run
    the example. At a minimum, the \textit{input} directory contains the
    following files:
- \begin{itemize}
+   \begin{itemize}
- \item \textit{input/data}: this file, written as a namelist, specifies
+   \item \textit{input/data}: this file, written as a namelist,
-   the main parameters for the experiment.
+     specifies the main parameters for the experiment.
- \item \textit{input/data.pkg}: contains parameters relative to the
+   \item \textit{input/data.pkg}: contains parameters relative to the
-   packages used in the experiment.
+     packages used in the experiment.
- \item \textit{input/eedata}: this file contains ``execution
+   \item \textit{input/eedata}: this file contains ``execution
-   environment'' data. At present, this consists of a specification of
+     environment'' data. At present, this consists of a specification
-   the number of threads to use in $X$ and $Y$ under multithreaded
+     of the number of threads to use in $X$ and $Y$ under multithreaded
-   execution.
+     execution.
- \end{itemize}
+   \end{itemize}
- In addition, you will also find in this directory the forcing and topography
+   In addition, you will also find in this directory the forcing and
- files as well as the files describing the initial state of the experiment.
+   topography files as well as the files describing the initial state
- This varies from experiment to experiment. See section 2 for more details.
+   of the experiment.  This varies from experiment to experiment. See
+   section 2 for more details.
- \item \textit{results}: this directory contains the output file \textit{%
- output.txt} produced by the simulation example. This file is useful for
+ \item \textit{results}: this directory contains the output file
- comparison with your own output when you run the experiment.
+   \textit{output.txt} produced by the simulation example. This file is
+   useful for comparison with your own output when you run the
+   experiment.
  \end{itemize}
- Once you have chosen the example you want to run, you are ready to compile
+ Once you have chosen the example you want to run, you are ready to
- the code.
+ compile the code.
  \section{Building the code}
  \label{sect:buildingCode}
-Line 437 
 the code.
+Line 490 
 the code.
  To compile the code, we use the {\em make} program. This uses a file
  ({\em Makefile}) that allows us to pre-process source files, specify
  compiler and optimization options and also figures out any file
- dependencies. We supply a script ({\em genmake}), described in section
+ dependencies. We supply a script ({\em genmake2}), described in
- \ref{sect:genmake}, that automatically creates the {\em Makefile} for
+ section \ref{sect:genmake}, that automatically creates the {\em
- you. You then need to build the dependencies and compile the code.
+   Makefile} for you. You then need to build the dependencies and
+ compile the code.
  As an example, let's assume that you want to build and run experiment
- \textit{verification/exp2}. The are multiple ways and places to actually
+ \textit{verification/exp2}. The are multiple ways and places to
- do this but here let's build the code in
+ actually do this but here let's build the code in
  \textit{verification/exp2/input}:
  \begin{verbatim}
  % cd verification/exp2/input
  \end{verbatim}
  First, build the {\em Makefile}:
  \begin{verbatim}
- % ../../../tools/genmake -mods=../code
+ % ../../../tools/genmake2 -mods=../code
  \end{verbatim}
  The command line option tells {\em genmake} to override model source
  code with any files in the directory {\em ./code/}.
- If there is no \textit{.genmakerc} in the \textit{input} directory, you have
+ On many systems, the {\em genmake2} program will be able to
- to use the following options when invoking \textit{genmake}:
+ automatically recognize the hardware, find compilers and other tools
+ within the user's path (``echo \$PATH''), and then choose an
+ appropriate set of options from the files contained in the {\em
+   tools/build\_options} directory.  Under some circumstances, a user
+ may have to create a new ``optfile'' in order to specify the exact
+ combination of compiler, compiler flags, libraries, and other options
+ necessary to build a particular configuration of MITgcm.  In such
+ cases, it is generally helpful to read the existing ``optfiles'' and
+ mimic their syntax.
+ Through the MITgcm-support list, the MITgcm developers are willing to
+ provide help writing or modifing ``optfiles''.  And we encourage users
+ to post new ``optfiles'' (particularly ones for new machines or
+ architectures) to the
+ \begin{rawhtml} <A href=''mailto:MITgcm-support@mitgcm.org"> \end{rawhtml}
+ MITgcm-support@mitgcm.org
+ \begin{rawhtml} </A> \end{rawhtml}
+ list.
+ To specify an optfile to {\em genmake2}, the syntax is:
  \begin{verbatim}
- % ../../../tools/genmake  -mods=../code
+ % ../../../tools/genmake2 -mods=../code -of /path/to/optfile
  \end{verbatim}
- Next, create the dependencies:
+ Once a {\em Makefile} has been generated, we create the dependencies:
  \begin{verbatim}
  % make depend
  \end{verbatim}
- This modifies {\em Makefile} by attaching a [long] list of files on
+ This modifies the {\em Makefile} by attaching a [long] list of files
- which other files depend. The purpose of this is to reduce
+ upon which other files depend. The purpose of this is to reduce
- re-compilation if and when you start to modify the code. {\tt make
+ re-compilation if and when you start to modify the code. The {\tt make
- depend} also created links from the model source to this directory.
+   depend} command also creates links from the model source to this
+ directory.
- Now compile the code:
+ Next compile the code:
  \begin{verbatim}
  % make
  \end{verbatim}
  The {\tt make} command creates an executable called \textit{mitgcmuv}.
+ Additional make ``targets'' are defined within the makefile to aid in
+ the production of adjoint and other versions of MITgcm.
  Now you are ready to run the model. General instructions for doing so are
  given in section \ref{sect:runModel}. Here, we can run the model with:
-Line 492 
 executable in the {\em input} directory
+Line 568 
 executable in the {\em input} directory
  convenience. You can also configure and compile the code in other
  locations, for example on a scratch disk with out having to copy the
  entire source tree. The only requirement to do so is you have {\tt
- genmake} in your path or you know the absolute path to {\tt genmake}.
+   genmake2} in your path or you know the absolute path to {\tt
+   genmake2}.
- The following sections outline some possible methods of organizing you
+ The following sections outline some possible methods of organizing
- source and data.
+ your source and data.
  \subsubsection{Building from the {\em ../code directory}}
  This is just as simple as building in the {\em input/} directory:
  \begin{verbatim}
  % cd verification/exp2/code
- % ../../../tools/genmake
+ % ../../../tools/genmake2
  % make depend
  % make
  \end{verbatim}
-Line 531 
 within {\em verification/exp2/}:
+Line 608 
 within {\em verification/exp2/}:
  % cd verification/exp2
  % mkdir build
  % cd build
- % ../../../tools/genmake -mods=../code
+ % ../../../tools/genmake2 -mods=../code
  % make depend
  % make
  \end{verbatim}
-Line 553 
 running in a new directory each time mig
+Line 630 
 running in a new directory each time mig
  % ./mitgcmuv > output.txt
  \end{verbatim}
- \subsubsection{Building from on a scratch disk}
+ \subsubsection{Building on a scratch disk}
  Model object files and output data can use up large amounts of disk
  space so it is often the case that you will be operating on a large
-Line 561 
 scratch disk. Assuming the model source
+Line 638 
 scratch disk. Assuming the model source
  following commands will build the model in {\em /scratch/exp2-run1}:
  \begin{verbatim}
  % cd /scratch/exp2-run1
- % ~/MITgcm/tools/genmake -rootdir=~/MITgcm -mods=~/MITgcm/verification/exp2/code
+ % ~/MITgcm/tools/genmake2 -rootdir=~/MITgcm \
+   -mods=~/MITgcm/verification/exp2/code
  % make depend
  % make
  \end{verbatim}
-Line 577 
 the one experiment:
+Line 655 
 the one experiment:
  % cd /scratch/exp2
  % mkdir build
  % cd build
- % ~/MITgcm/tools/genmake -rootdir=~/MITgcm -mods=~/MITgcm/verification/exp2/code
+ % ~/MITgcm/tools/genmake2 -rootdir=~/MITgcm \
+   -mods=~/MITgcm/verification/exp2/code
  % make depend
  % make
  % cd ../
-Line 588 
 the one experiment:
+Line 667 
 the one experiment:
- \subsection{\textit{genmake}}
+ \subsection{Using \textit{genmake2}}
  \label{sect:genmake}
- To compile the code, use the script \textit{genmake} located in the \textit{%
+ To compile the code, first use the program \texttt{genmake2} (located
- tools} directory. \textit{genmake} is a script that generates the makefile.
+ in the \textit{tools} directory) to generate a Makefile.
- It has been written so that the code can be compiled on a wide diversity of
+ \texttt{genmake2} is a shell script written to work with all
- machines and systems. However, if it doesn't work the first time on your
+ ``sh''--compatible shells including bash v1, bash v2, and Bourne.
- platform, you might need to edit certain lines of \textit{genmake} in the
+ Internally, \texttt{genmake2} determines the locations of needed
- section containing the setups for the different machines. The file is
+ files, the compiler, compiler options, libraries, and Unix tools.  It
- structured like this:
+ relies upon a number of ``optfiles'' located in the {\em
- \begin{verbatim}
+   tools/build\_options} directory.
-         .
-         .
+ The purpose of the optfiles is to provide all the compilation options
-         .
+ for particular ``platforms'' (where ``platform'' roughly means the
- general instructions (machine independent)
+ combination of the hardware and the compiler) and code configurations.
-         .
+ Given the combinations of possible compilers and library dependencies
-         .
+ ({\it eg.}  MPI and NetCDF) there may be numerous optfiles available
-         .
+ for a single machine.  The naming scheme for the majority of the
-     - setup machine 1
+ optfiles shipped with the code is
-     - setup machine 2
+ \begin{center}
-     - setup machine 3
+   {\bf OS\_HARDWARE\_COMPILER }
-     - setup machine 4
+ \end{center}
-        etc
+ where
-         .
+ \begin{description}
-         .
+ \item[OS] is the name of the operating system (generally the
-         .
+   lower-case output of the {\tt 'uname'} command)
- \end{verbatim}
+ \item[HARDWARE] is a string that describes the CPU type and
+   corresponds to output from the  {\tt 'uname -m'} command:
- For example, the setup corresponding to a DEC alpha machine is reproduced
+   \begin{description}
- here:
+   \item[ia32] is for ``x86'' machines such as i386, i486, i586, i686,
- \begin{verbatim}
+     and athlon
-   case OSF1+mpi:
+   \item[ia64] is for Intel IA64 systems (eg. Itanium, Itanium2)
-     echo "Configuring for DEC Alpha"
+   \item[amd64] is AMD x86\_64 systems
-     set CPP        = ( '/usr/bin/cpp -P' )
+   \item[ppc] is for Mac PowerPC systems
-     set DEFINES    = ( ${DEFINES}  '-DTARGET_DEC -DWORDLENGTH=1' )
+   \end{description}
-     set KPP        = ( 'kapf' )
+ \item[COMPILER] is the compiler name (generally, the name of the
-     set KPPFILES   = ( 'main.F' )
+   FORTRAN executable)
-     set KFLAGS1    = ( '-scan=132 -noconc -cmp=' )
+ \end{description}
-     set FC         = ( 'f77' )
-     set FFLAGS     = ( '-convert big_endian -r8 -extend_source -automatic -call_shared -notransform_loops -align dcommons' )
-     set FOPTIM     = ( '-O5 -fast -tune host -inline all' )
-     set NOOPTFLAGS = ( '-O0' )
-     set LIBS       = ( '-lfmpi -lmpi -lkmp_osfp10 -pthread' )
-     set NOOPTFILES = ( 'barrier.F different_multiple.F external_fields_load.F')
-     set RMFILES    = ( '*.p.out' )
-     breaksw
- \end{verbatim}
- Typically, these are the lines that you might need to edit to make \textit{%
- genmake} work on your platform if it doesn't work the first time. \textit{%
- genmake} understands several options that are described here:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item -rootdir=dir
- indicates where the model root directory is relative to the directory where
- you are compiling. This option is not needed if you compile in the \textit{%
- bin} directory (which is the default compilation directory) or within the
- \textit{verification} tree.
- \item -mods=dir1,dir2,...
- indicates the relative or absolute paths directories where the sources
- should take precedence over the default versions (located in \textit{model},
- \textit{eesupp},...). Typically, this option is used when running the
- examples, see below.
- \item -enable=pkg1,pkg2,...
- enables packages source code \textit{pkg1}, \textit{pkg2},... when creating
- the makefile.
- \item -disable=pkg1,pkg2,...
- disables packages source code \textit{pkg1}, \textit{pkg2},... when creating
- the makefile.
- \item -platform=machine
+ In many cases, the default optfiles are sufficient and will result in
+ usable Makefiles.  However, for some machines or code configurations,
+ new ``optfiles'' must be written. To create a new optfile, it is
+ generally best to start with one of the defaults and modify it to suit
+ your needs.  Like \texttt{genmake2}, the optfiles are all written
+ using a simple ``sh''--compatible syntax.  While nearly all variables
+ used within \texttt{genmake2} may be specified in the optfiles, the
+ critical ones that should be defined are:
- specifies the platform for which you want the makefile. In general, you
+ \begin{description}
- won't need this option. \textit{genmake} will select the right machine for
+ \item[FC] the FORTRAN compiler (executable) to use
- you (the one you're working on!). However, this option is useful if you have
+ \item[DEFINES] the command-line DEFINE options passed to the compiler
- a choice of several compilers on one machine and you want to use the one
+ \item[CPP] the C pre-processor to use
- that is not the default (ex: \texttt{pgf77} instead of \texttt{f77} under
+ \item[NOOPTFLAGS] options flags for special files that should not be
- Linux).
+   optimized
+ \end{description}
- \item -mpi
+ For example, the optfile for a typical Red Hat Linux machine (``ia32''
+ architecture) using the GCC (g77) compiler is
+ \begin{verbatim}
+ FC=g77
+ DEFINES='-D_BYTESWAPIO -DWORDLENGTH=4'
+ CPP='cpp  -traditional -P'
+ NOOPTFLAGS='-O0'
+ #  For IEEE, use the "-ffloat-store" option
+ if test "x$IEEE" = x ; then
+     FFLAGS='-Wimplicit -Wunused -Wuninitialized'
+     FOPTIM='-O3 -malign-double -funroll-loops'
+ else
+     FFLAGS='-Wimplicit -Wunused -ffloat-store'
+     FOPTIM='-O0 -malign-double'
+ fi
+ \end{verbatim}
+ If you write an optfile for an unrepresented machine or compiler, you
+ are strongly encouraged to submit the optfile to the MITgcm project
+ for inclusion.  Please send the file to the
+ \begin{rawhtml} <A href="mail-to:MITgcm-support@mitgcm.org"> \end{rawhtml}
+ \begin{center}
+   MITgcm-support@mitgcm.org
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{rawhtml} </A> \end{rawhtml}
+ mailing list.
- this is used when you want to run the model in parallel processing mode
+ In addition to the optfiles, \texttt{genmake2} supports a number of
- under mpi (see section on parallel computation for more details).
+ helpful command-line options.  A complete list of these options can be
+ obtained from:
+ \begin{verbatim}
+ % genmake2 -h
+ \end{verbatim}
- \item -jam
+ The most important command-line options are:
+ \begin{description}
+ \item[\texttt{--optfile=/PATH/FILENAME}] specifies the optfile that
+   should be used for a particular build.
+   If no "optfile" is specified (either through the command line or the
+   MITGCM\_OPTFILE environment variable), genmake2 will try to make a
+   reasonable guess from the list provided in {\em
+     tools/build\_options}.  The method used for making this guess is
+   to first determine the combination of operating system and hardware
+   (eg. "linux\_ia32") and then find a working FORTRAN compiler within
+   the user's path.  When these three items have been identified,
+   genmake2 will try to find an optfile that has a matching name.
+ \item[\texttt{--pdepend=/PATH/FILENAME}] specifies the dependency file
+   used for packages.
+   If not specified, the default dependency file {\em pkg/pkg\_depend}
+   is used.  The syntax for this file is parsed on a line-by-line basis
+   where each line containes either a comment ("\#") or a simple
+   "PKGNAME1 (+|-)PKGNAME2" pairwise rule where the "+" or "-" symbol
+   specifies a "must be used with" or a "must not be used with"
+   relationship, respectively.  If no rule is specified, then it is
+   assumed that the two packages are compatible and will function
+   either with or without each other.
+ \item[\texttt{--pdefault='PKG1 PKG2 PKG3 ...'}] specifies the default
+   set of packages to be used.
+   If not set, the default package list will be read from {\em
+     pkg/pkg\_default}
+ \item[\texttt{--adof=/path/to/file}] specifies the "adjoint" or
+   automatic differentiation options file to be used.  The file is
+   analogous to the ``optfile'' defined above but it specifies
+   information for the AD build process.
+   The default file is located in {\em
+     tools/adjoint\_options/adjoint\_default} and it defines the "TAF"
+   and "TAMC" compilers.  An alternate version is also available at
+   {\em tools/adjoint\_options/adjoint\_staf} that selects the newer
+   "STAF" compiler.  As with any compilers, it is helpful to have their
+   directories listed in your {\tt \$PATH} environment variable.
+ \item[\texttt{--mods='DIR1 DIR2 DIR3 ...'}] specifies a list of
+   directories containing ``modifications''.  These directories contain
+   files with names that may (or may not) exist in the main MITgcm
+   source tree but will be overridden by any identically-named sources
+   within the ``MODS'' directories.
+   The order of precedence for this "name-hiding" is as follows:
+   \begin{itemize}
+   \item ``MODS'' directories (in the order given)
+   \item Packages either explicitly specified or provided by default
+     (in the order given)
+   \item Packages included due to package dependencies (in the order
+     that that package dependencies are parsed)
+   \item The "standard dirs" (which may have been specified by the
+     ``-standarddirs'' option)
+   \end{itemize}
+ \item[\texttt{--make=/path/to/gmake}] Due to the poor handling of
+   soft-links and other bugs common with the \texttt{make} versions
+   provided by commercial Unix vendors, GNU \texttt{make} (sometimes
+   called \texttt{gmake}) should be preferred.  This option provides a
+   means for specifying the make executable to be used.
- this is used when you want to run the model in parallel processing mode
+ \end{description}
- under jam (see section on parallel computation for more details).
- \end{itemize}
- For some of the examples, there is a file called \textit{.genmakerc} in the
- \textit{input} directory that has the relevant \textit{genmake} options for
- that particular example. In this way you don't need to type the options when
- invoking \textit{genmake}.
  \section{Running the model}
-Line 714 
 normally re-direct the {\em stdout} stre
+Line 852 
 normally re-direct the {\em stdout} stre
  % ./mitgcmuv > output.txt
  \end{verbatim}
- For the example experiments in {\em vericication}, an example of the
+ For the example experiments in {\em verification}, an example of the
  output is kept in {\em results/output.txt} for comparison. You can compare
  your {\em output.txt} with this one to check that the set-up works.
-Line 803 
 Some examples of reading and visualizing
+Line 941 
 Some examples of reading and visualizing
  \section{Doing it yourself: customizing the code}
  When you are ready to run the model in the configuration you want, the
- easiest thing is to use and adapt the setup of the case studies experiment
+ easiest thing is to use and adapt the setup of the case studies
- (described previously) that is the closest to your configuration. Then, the
+ experiment (described previously) that is the closest to your
- amount of setup will be minimized. In this section, we focus on the setup
+ configuration. Then, the amount of setup will be minimized. In this
- relative to the ''numerical model'' part of the code (the setup relative to
+ section, we focus on the setup relative to the ``numerical model''
- the ''execution environment'' part is covered in the parallel implementation
+ part of the code (the setup relative to the ``execution environment''
- section) and on the variables and parameters that you are likely to change.
+ part is covered in the parallel implementation section) and on the
+ variables and parameters that you are likely to change.
  \subsection{Configuration and setup}
- The CPP keys relative to the ''numerical model'' part of the code are all
+ The CPP keys relative to the ``numerical model'' part of the code are
- defined and set in the file \textit{CPP\_OPTIONS.h }in the directory \textit{%
+ all defined and set in the file \textit{CPP\_OPTIONS.h }in the
- model/inc }or in one of the \textit{code }directories of the case study
+ directory \textit{ model/inc }or in one of the \textit{code
- experiments under \textit{verification.} The model parameters are defined
+ }directories of the case study experiments under
- and declared in the file \textit{model/inc/PARAMS.h }and their default
+ \textit{verification.} The model parameters are defined and declared
- values are set in the routine \textit{model/src/set\_defaults.F. }The
+ in the file \textit{model/inc/PARAMS.h }and their default values are
- default values can be modified in the namelist file \textit{data }which
+ set in the routine \textit{model/src/set\_defaults.F. }The default
- needs to be located in the directory where you will run the model. The
+ values can be modified in the namelist file \textit{data }which needs
- parameters are initialized in the routine \textit{model/src/ini\_parms.F}.
+ to be located in the directory where you will run the model. The
- Look at this routine to see in what part of the namelist the parameters are
+ parameters are initialized in the routine
- located.
+ \textit{model/src/ini\_parms.F}.  Look at this routine to see in what
+ part of the namelist the parameters are located.
- In what follows the parameters are grouped into categories related to the
- computational domain, the equations solved in the model, and the simulation
+ In what follows the parameters are grouped into categories related to
- controls.
+ the computational domain, the equations solved in the model, and the
+ simulation controls.
  \subsection{Computational domain, geometry and time-discretization}
- \begin{itemize}
+ \begin{description}
- \item dimensions
+ \item[dimensions] \
- \end{itemize}
+   The number of points in the x, y, and r directions are represented
- The number of points in the x, y,\textit{\ }and r\textit{\ }directions are
+   by the variables \textbf{sNx}, \textbf{sNy} and \textbf{Nr}
- represented by the variables \textbf{sNx}\textit{, }\textbf{sNy}\textit{, }%
+   respectively which are declared and set in the file
- and \textbf{Nr}\textit{\ }respectively which are declared and set in the
+   \textit{model/inc/SIZE.h}.  (Again, this assumes a mono-processor
- file \textit{model/inc/SIZE.h. }(Again, this assumes a mono-processor
+   calculation. For multiprocessor calculations see the section on
- calculation. For multiprocessor calculations see section on parallel
+   parallel implementation.)
- implementation.)
+ \item[grid] \
- \begin{itemize}
- \item grid
+   Three different grids are available: cartesian, spherical polar, and
- \end{itemize}
+   curvilinear (which includes the cubed sphere). The grid is set
+   through the logical variables \textbf{usingCartesianGrid},
- Three different grids are available: cartesian, spherical polar, and
+   \textbf{usingSphericalPolarGrid}, and \textbf{usingCurvilinearGrid}.
- curvilinear (including the cubed sphere). The grid is set through the
+   In the case of spherical and curvilinear grids, the southern
- logical variables \textbf{usingCartesianGrid}\textit{, }\textbf{%
+   boundary is defined through the variable \textbf{phiMin} which
- usingSphericalPolarGrid}\textit{, }and \textit{\ }\textbf{%
+   corresponds to the latitude of the southern most cell face (in
- usingCurvilinearGrid}\textit{. }In the case of spherical and curvilinear
+   degrees). The resolution along the x and y directions is controlled
- grids, the southern boundary is defined through the variable \textbf{phiMin}%
+   by the 1D arrays \textbf{delx} and \textbf{dely} (in meters in the
- \textit{\ }which corresponds to the latitude of the southern most cell face
+   case of a cartesian grid, in degrees otherwise).  The vertical grid
- (in degrees). The resolution along the x and y directions is controlled by
+   spacing is set through the 1D array \textbf{delz} for the ocean (in
- the 1D arrays \textbf{delx}\textit{\ }and \textbf{dely}\textit{\ }(in meters
+   meters) or \textbf{delp} for the atmosphere (in Pa).  The variable
- in the case of a cartesian grid, in degrees otherwise). The vertical grid
+   \textbf{Ro\_SeaLevel} represents the standard position of Sea-Level
- spacing is set through the 1D array \textbf{delz }for the ocean (in meters)
+   in ``R'' coordinate. This is typically set to 0m for the ocean
- or \textbf{delp}\textit{\ }for the atmosphere (in Pa). The variable \textbf{%
+   (default value) and 10$^{5}$Pa for the atmosphere. For the
- Ro\_SeaLevel} represents the standard position of Sea-Level in ''R''
+   atmosphere, also set the logical variable \textbf{groundAtK1} to
- coordinate. This is typically set to 0m for the ocean (default value) and 10$%
+   \texttt{'.TRUE.'} which puts the first level (k=1) at the lower
- ^{5}$Pa for the atmosphere. For the atmosphere, also set the logical
+   boundary (ground).
- variable \textbf{groundAtK1} to '.\texttt{TRUE}.'. which put the first level
- (k=1) at the lower boundary (ground).
+   For the cartesian grid case, the Coriolis parameter $f$ is set
+   through the variables \textbf{f0} and \textbf{beta} which correspond
- For the cartesian grid case, the Coriolis parameter $f$ is set through the
+   to the reference Coriolis parameter (in s$^{-1}$) and
- variables \textbf{f0}\textit{\ }and \textbf{beta}\textit{\ }which correspond
+   $\frac{\partial f}{ \partial y}$(in m$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$) respectively.
- to the reference Coriolis parameter (in s$^{-1}$) and $\frac{\partial f}{%
+   If \textbf{beta } is set to a nonzero value, \textbf{f0} is the
- \partial y}$(in m$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$) respectively. If \textbf{beta }\textit{\ }%
+   value of $f$ at the southern edge of the domain.
- is set to a nonzero value, \textbf{f0}\textit{\ }is the value of $f$ at the
- southern edge of the domain.
+ \item[topography - full and partial cells] \
- \begin{itemize}
+   The domain bathymetry is read from a file that contains a 2D (x,y)
- \item topography - full and partial cells
+   map of depths (in m) for the ocean or pressures (in Pa) for the
- \end{itemize}
+   atmosphere. The file name is represented by the variable
+   \textbf{bathyFile}. The file is assumed to contain binary numbers
- The domain bathymetry is read from a file that contains a 2D (x,y) map of
+   giving the depth (pressure) of the model at each grid cell, ordered
- depths (in m) for the ocean or pressures (in Pa) for the atmosphere. The
+   with the x coordinate varying fastest. The points are ordered from
- file name is represented by the variable \textbf{bathyFile}\textit{. }The
+   low coordinate to high coordinate for both axes. The model code
- file is assumed to contain binary numbers giving the depth (pressure) of the
+   applies without modification to enclosed, periodic, and double
- model at each grid cell, ordered with the x coordinate varying fastest. The
+   periodic domains. Periodicity is assumed by default and is
- points are ordered from low coordinate to high coordinate for both axes. The
+   suppressed by setting the depths to 0m for the cells at the limits
- model code applies without modification to enclosed, periodic, and double
+   of the computational domain (note: not sure this is the case for the
- periodic domains. Periodicity is assumed by default and is suppressed by
+   atmosphere). The precision with which to read the binary data is
- setting the depths to 0m for the cells at the limits of the computational
+   controlled by the integer variable \textbf{readBinaryPrec} which can
- domain (note: not sure this is the case for the atmosphere). The precision
+   take the value \texttt{32} (single precision) or \texttt{64} (double
- with which to read the binary data is controlled by the integer variable
+   precision). See the matlab program \textit{gendata.m} in the
- \textbf{readBinaryPrec }which can take the value \texttt{32} (single
+   \textit{input} directories under \textit{verification} to see how
- precision) or \texttt{64} (double precision). See the matlab program \textit{%
+   the bathymetry files are generated for the case study experiments.
- gendata.m }in the \textit{input }directories under \textit{verification }to
- see how the bathymetry files are generated for the case study experiments.
+   To use the partial cell capability, the variable \textbf{hFacMin}
+   needs to be set to a value between 0 and 1 (it is set to 1 by
- To use the partial cell capability, the variable \textbf{hFacMin}\textit{\ }%
+   default) corresponding to the minimum fractional size of the cell.
- needs to be set to a value between 0 and 1 (it is set to 1 by default)
+   For example if the bottom cell is 500m thick and \textbf{hFacMin} is
- corresponding to the minimum fractional size of the cell. For example if the
+   set to 0.1, the actual thickness of the cell (i.e. used in the code)
- bottom cell is 500m thick and \textbf{hFacMin}\textit{\ }is set to 0.1, the
+   can cover a range of discrete values 50m apart from 50m to 500m
- actual thickness of the cell (i.e. used in the code) can cover a range of
+   depending on the value of the bottom depth (in \textbf{bathyFile})
- discrete values 50m apart from 50m to 500m depending on the value of the
+   at this point.
- bottom depth (in \textbf{bathyFile}) at this point.
+   Note that the bottom depths (or pressures) need not coincide with
- Note that the bottom depths (or pressures) need not coincide with the models
+   the models levels as deduced from \textbf{delz} or \textbf{delp}.
- levels as deduced from \textbf{delz}\textit{\ }or\textit{\ }\textbf{delp}%
+   The model will interpolate the numbers in \textbf{bathyFile} so that
- \textit{. }The model will interpolate the numbers in \textbf{bathyFile}%
+   they match the levels obtained from \textbf{delz} or \textbf{delp}
- \textit{\ }so that they match the levels obtained from \textbf{delz}\textit{%
+   and \textbf{hFacMin}.
- \ }or\textit{\ }\textbf{delp}\textit{\ }and \textbf{hFacMin}\textit{. }
+   (Note: the atmospheric case is a bit more complicated than what is
- (Note: the atmospheric case is a bit more complicated than what is written
+   written here I think. To come soon...)
- here I think. To come soon...)
+ \item[time-discretization] \
+   The time steps are set through the real variables \textbf{deltaTMom}
+   and \textbf{deltaTtracer} (in s) which represent the time step for
+   the momentum and tracer equations, respectively. For synchronous
+   integrations, simply set the two variables to the same value (or you
+   can prescribe one time step only through the variable
+   \textbf{deltaT}). The Adams-Bashforth stabilizing parameter is set
+   through the variable \textbf{abEps} (dimensionless). The stagger
+   baroclinic time stepping can be activated by setting the logical
+   variable \textbf{staggerTimeStep} to \texttt{'.TRUE.'}.
- \begin{itemize}
+ \end{description}
- \item time-discretization
- \end{itemize}
- The time steps are set through the real variables \textbf{deltaTMom}
- and \textbf{deltaTtracer} (in s) which represent the time step for the
- momentum and tracer equations, respectively. For synchronous
- integrations, simply set the two variables to the same value (or you
- can prescribe one time step only through the variable
- \textbf{deltaT}). The Adams-Bashforth stabilizing parameter is set
- through the variable \textbf{abEps} (dimensionless). The stagger
- baroclinic time stepping can be activated by setting the logical
- variable \textbf{staggerTimeStep} to '.\texttt{TRUE}.'.
  \subsection{Equation of state}
-Line 934 
 humidity profile (in g/kg) for the atmos
+Line 1074 
 humidity profile (in g/kg) for the atmos
  The form of the equation of state is controlled by the character
  variables \textbf{buoyancyRelation} and \textbf{eosType}.
- \textbf{buoyancyRelation} is set to '\texttt{OCEANIC}' by default and
+ \textbf{buoyancyRelation} is set to \texttt{'OCEANIC'} by default and
- needs to be set to '\texttt{ATMOSPHERIC}' for atmosphere simulations.
+ needs to be set to \texttt{'ATMOSPHERIC'} for atmosphere simulations.
- In this case, \textbf{eosType} must be set to '\texttt{IDEALGAS}'.
+ In this case, \textbf{eosType} must be set to \texttt{'IDEALGAS'}.
  For the ocean, two forms of the equation of state are available:
- linear (set \textbf{eosType} to '\texttt{LINEAR}') and a polynomial
+ linear (set \textbf{eosType} to \texttt{'LINEAR'}) and a polynomial
- approximation to the full nonlinear equation ( set
+ approximation to the full nonlinear equation ( set \textbf{eosType} to
- \textbf{eosType}\textit{\ }to '\texttt{POLYNOMIAL}'). In the linear
+ \texttt{'POLYNOMIAL'}). In the linear case, you need to specify the
- case, you need to specify the thermal and haline expansion
+ thermal and haline expansion coefficients represented by the variables
- coefficients represented by the variables \textbf{tAlpha}\textit{\
+ \textbf{tAlpha} (in K$^{-1}$) and \textbf{sBeta} (in ppt$^{-1}$). For
-   }(in K$^{-1}$) and \textbf{sBeta} (in ppt$^{-1}$). For the nonlinear
+ the nonlinear case, you need to generate a file of polynomial
- case, you need to generate a file of polynomial coefficients called
+ coefficients called \textit{POLY3.COEFFS}. To do this, use the program
- \textit{POLY3.COEFFS}. To do this, use the program
  \textit{utils/knudsen2/knudsen2.f} under the model tree (a Makefile is
  available in the same directory and you will need to edit the number
  and the values of the vertical levels in \textit{knudsen2.f} so that
-Line 953 
 they match those of your configuration).
+Line 1092 
 they match those of your configuration).
  There there are also higher polynomials for the equation of state:
  \begin{description}
- \item['\texttt{UNESCO}':] The UNESCO equation of state formula of
+ \item[\texttt{'UNESCO'}:] The UNESCO equation of state formula of
    Fofonoff and Millard \cite{fofonoff83}. This equation of state
-   assumes in-situ temperature, which is not a model variable; \emph{its use
+   assumes in-situ temperature, which is not a model variable; {\em its
-   is therefore discouraged, and it is only listed for completeness}.
+     use is therefore discouraged, and it is only listed for
- \item['\texttt{JMD95Z}':] A modified UNESCO formula by Jackett and
+     completeness}.
+ \item[\texttt{'JMD95Z'}:] A modified UNESCO formula by Jackett and
    McDougall \cite{jackett95}, which uses the model variable potential
-   temperature as input. The '\texttt{Z}' indicates that this equation
+   temperature as input. The \texttt{'Z'} indicates that this equation
    of state uses a horizontally and temporally constant pressure
    $p_{0}=-g\rho_{0}z$.
- \item['\texttt{JMD95P}':] A modified UNESCO formula by Jackett and
+ \item[\texttt{'JMD95P'}:] A modified UNESCO formula by Jackett and
    McDougall \cite{jackett95}, which uses the model variable potential
-   temperature as input. The '\texttt{P}' indicates that this equation
+   temperature as input. The \texttt{'P'} indicates that this equation
    of state uses the actual hydrostatic pressure of the last time
    step. Lagging the pressure in this way requires an additional pickup
    file for restarts.
- \item['\texttt{MDJWF}':] The new, more accurate and less expensive
+ \item[\texttt{'MDJWF'}:] The new, more accurate and less expensive
    equation of state by McDougall et~al. \cite{mcdougall03}. It also
    requires lagging the pressure and therefore an additional pickup
    file for restarts.
-Line 978 
 salinity is required.
+Line 1118 
 salinity is required.
  \subsection{Momentum equations}
- In this section, we only focus for now on the parameters that you are likely
+ In this section, we only focus for now on the parameters that you are
- to change, i.e. the ones relative to forcing and dissipation for example.
+ likely to change, i.e. the ones relative to forcing and dissipation
- The details relevant to the vector-invariant form of the equations and the
+ for example.  The details relevant to the vector-invariant form of the
- various advection schemes are not covered for the moment. We assume that you
+ equations and the various advection schemes are not covered for the
- use the standard form of the momentum equations (i.e. the flux-form) with
+ moment. We assume that you use the standard form of the momentum
- the default advection scheme. Also, there are a few logical variables that
+ equations (i.e. the flux-form) with the default advection scheme.
- allow you to turn on/off various terms in the momentum equation. These
+ Also, there are a few logical variables that allow you to turn on/off
- variables are called \textbf{momViscosity, momAdvection, momForcing,
+ various terms in the momentum equation. These variables are called
- useCoriolis, momPressureForcing, momStepping}\textit{, }and \textit{\ }%
+ \textbf{momViscosity, momAdvection, momForcing, useCoriolis,
- \textbf{metricTerms }and are assumed to be set to '.\texttt{TRUE}.' here.
+   momPressureForcing, momStepping} and \textbf{metricTerms }and are
- Look at the file \textit{model/inc/PARAMS.h }for a precise definition of
+ assumed to be set to \texttt{'.TRUE.'} here.  Look at the file
- these variables.
+ \textit{model/inc/PARAMS.h }for a precise definition of these
+ variables.
- \begin{itemize}
- \item initialization
- \end{itemize}
- The velocity components are initialized to 0 unless the simulation is
- starting from a pickup file (see section on simulation control parameters).
- \begin{itemize}
- \item forcing
- \end{itemize}
- This section only applies to the ocean. You need to generate wind-stress
- data into two files \textbf{zonalWindFile}\textit{\ }and \textbf{%
- meridWindFile }corresponding to the zonal and meridional components of the
- wind stress, respectively (if you want the stress to be along the direction
- of only one of the model horizontal axes, you only need to generate one
- file). The format of the files is similar to the bathymetry file. The zonal
- (meridional) stress data are assumed to be in Pa and located at U-points
- (V-points). As for the bathymetry, the precision with which to read the
- binary data is controlled by the variable \textbf{readBinaryPrec}.\textbf{\ }
- See the matlab program \textit{gendata.m }in the \textit{input }directories
- under \textit{verification }to see how simple analytical wind forcing data
- are generated for the case study experiments.
- There is also the possibility of prescribing time-dependent periodic
- forcing. To do this, concatenate the successive time records into a single
- file (for each stress component) ordered in a (x, y, t) fashion and set the
- following variables: \textbf{periodicExternalForcing }to '.\texttt{TRUE}.',
- \textbf{externForcingPeriod }to the period (in s) of which the forcing
- varies (typically 1 month), and \textbf{externForcingCycle }to the repeat
- time (in s) of the forcing (typically 1 year -- note: \textbf{%
- externForcingCycle }must be a multiple of \textbf{externForcingPeriod}).
- With these variables set up, the model will interpolate the forcing linearly
- at each iteration.
- \begin{itemize}
+ \begin{description}
- \item dissipation
+ \item[initialization] \
- \end{itemize}
+   The velocity components are initialized to 0 unless the simulation
- The lateral eddy viscosity coefficient is specified through the variable
+   is starting from a pickup file (see section on simulation control
- \textbf{viscAh}\textit{\ }(in m$^{2}$s$^{-1}$). The vertical eddy viscosity
+   parameters).
- coefficient is specified through the variable \textbf{viscAz }(in m$^{2}$s$%
- ^{-1}$) for the ocean and \textbf{viscAp}\textit{\ }(in Pa$^{2}$s$^{-1}$)
+ \item[forcing] \
- for the atmosphere. The vertical diffusive fluxes can be computed implicitly
- by setting the logical variable \textbf{implicitViscosity }to '.\texttt{TRUE}%
+   This section only applies to the ocean. You need to generate
- .'. In addition, biharmonic mixing can be added as well through the variable
+   wind-stress data into two files \textbf{zonalWindFile} and
- \textbf{viscA4}\textit{\ }(in m$^{4}$s$^{-1}$). On a spherical polar grid,
+   \textbf{meridWindFile} corresponding to the zonal and meridional
- you might also need to set the variable \textbf{cosPower} which is set to 0
+   components of the wind stress, respectively (if you want the stress
- by default and which represents the power of cosine of latitude to multiply
+   to be along the direction of only one of the model horizontal axes,
- viscosity. Slip or no-slip conditions at lateral and bottom boundaries are
+   you only need to generate one file). The format of the files is
- specified through the logical variables \textbf{no\_slip\_sides}\textit{\ }%
+   similar to the bathymetry file. The zonal (meridional) stress data
- and \textbf{no\_slip\_bottom}. If set to '\texttt{.FALSE.}', free-slip
+   are assumed to be in Pa and located at U-points (V-points). As for
- boundary conditions are applied. If no-slip boundary conditions are applied
+   the bathymetry, the precision with which to read the binary data is
- at the bottom, a bottom drag can be applied as well. Two forms are
+   controlled by the variable \textbf{readBinaryPrec}.  See the matlab
- available: linear (set the variable \textbf{bottomDragLinear}\textit{\ }in s$%
+   program \textit{gendata.m} in the \textit{input} directories under
- ^{-1}$) and quadratic (set the variable \textbf{bottomDragQuadratic}\textit{%
+   \textit{verification} to see how simple analytical wind forcing data
- \ }in m$^{-1}$).
+   are generated for the case study experiments.
- The Fourier and Shapiro filters are described elsewhere.
+   There is also the possibility of prescribing time-dependent periodic
+   forcing. To do this, concatenate the successive time records into a
- \begin{itemize}
+   single file (for each stress component) ordered in a (x,y,t) fashion
- \item C-D scheme
+   and set the following variables: \textbf{periodicExternalForcing }to
- \end{itemize}
+   \texttt{'.TRUE.'}, \textbf{externForcingPeriod }to the period (in s)
+   of which the forcing varies (typically 1 month), and
+   \textbf{externForcingCycle} to the repeat time (in s) of the forcing
+   (typically 1 year -- note: \textbf{ externForcingCycle} must be a
+   multiple of \textbf{externForcingPeriod}).  With these variables set
+   up, the model will interpolate the forcing linearly at each
+   iteration.
+ \item[dissipation] \
+   The lateral eddy viscosity coefficient is specified through the
+   variable \textbf{viscAh} (in m$^{2}$s$^{-1}$). The vertical eddy
+   viscosity coefficient is specified through the variable
+   \textbf{viscAz} (in m$^{2}$s$^{-1}$) for the ocean and
+   \textbf{viscAp} (in Pa$^{2}$s$^{-1}$) for the atmosphere.  The
+   vertical diffusive fluxes can be computed implicitly by setting the
+   logical variable \textbf{implicitViscosity }to \texttt{'.TRUE.'}.
+   In addition, biharmonic mixing can be added as well through the
+   variable \textbf{viscA4} (in m$^{4}$s$^{-1}$). On a spherical polar
+   grid, you might also need to set the variable \textbf{cosPower}
+   which is set to 0 by default and which represents the power of
+   cosine of latitude to multiply viscosity. Slip or no-slip conditions
+   at lateral and bottom boundaries are specified through the logical
+   variables \textbf{no\_slip\_sides} and \textbf{no\_slip\_bottom}. If
+   set to \texttt{'.FALSE.'}, free-slip boundary conditions are
+   applied. If no-slip boundary conditions are applied at the bottom, a
+   bottom drag can be applied as well. Two forms are available: linear
+   (set the variable \textbf{bottomDragLinear} in s$ ^{-1}$) and
+   quadratic (set the variable \textbf{bottomDragQuadratic} in
+   m$^{-1}$).
+   The Fourier and Shapiro filters are described elsewhere.
+ \item[C-D scheme] \
+   If you run at a sufficiently coarse resolution, you will need the
+   C-D scheme for the computation of the Coriolis terms. The
+   variable\textbf{\ tauCD}, which represents the C-D scheme coupling
+   timescale (in s) needs to be set.
+ \item[calculation of pressure/geopotential] \
+   First, to run a non-hydrostatic ocean simulation, set the logical
+   variable \textbf{nonHydrostatic} to \texttt{'.TRUE.'}. The pressure
+   field is then inverted through a 3D elliptic equation. (Note: this
+   capability is not available for the atmosphere yet.) By default, a
+   hydrostatic simulation is assumed and a 2D elliptic equation is used
+   to invert the pressure field. The parameters controlling the
+   behaviour of the elliptic solvers are the variables
+   \textbf{cg2dMaxIters} and \textbf{cg2dTargetResidual } for
+   the 2D case and \textbf{cg3dMaxIters} and
+   \textbf{cg3dTargetResidual} for the 3D case. You probably won't need to
+   alter the default values (are we sure of this?).
+   For the calculation of the surface pressure (for the ocean) or
+   surface geopotential (for the atmosphere) you need to set the
+   logical variables \textbf{rigidLid} and \textbf{implicitFreeSurface}
+   (set one to \texttt{'.TRUE.'} and the other to \texttt{'.FALSE.'}
+   depending on how you want to deal with the ocean upper or atmosphere
+   lower boundary).
- If you run at a sufficiently coarse resolution, you will need the C-D scheme
+ \end{description}
- for the computation of the Coriolis terms. The variable\textbf{\ tauCD},
- which represents the C-D scheme coupling timescale (in s) needs to be set.
- \begin{itemize}
- \item calculation of pressure/geopotential
- \end{itemize}
- First, to run a non-hydrostatic ocean simulation, set the logical variable
- \textbf{nonHydrostatic} to '.\texttt{TRUE}.'. The pressure field is then
- inverted through a 3D elliptic equation. (Note: this capability is not
- available for the atmosphere yet.) By default, a hydrostatic simulation is
- assumed and a 2D elliptic equation is used to invert the pressure field. The
- parameters controlling the behaviour of the elliptic solvers are the
- variables \textbf{cg2dMaxIters}\textit{\ }and \textbf{cg2dTargetResidual }%
- for the 2D case and \textbf{cg3dMaxIters}\textit{\ }and \textbf{%
- cg3dTargetResidual }for the 3D case. You probably won't need to alter the
- default values (are we sure of this?).
- For the calculation of the surface pressure (for the ocean) or surface
- geopotential (for the atmosphere) you need to set the logical variables
- \textbf{rigidLid} and \textbf{implicitFreeSurface}\textit{\ }(set one to '.%
- \texttt{TRUE}.' and the other to '.\texttt{FALSE}.' depending on how you
- want to deal with the ocean upper or atmosphere lower boundary).
  \subsection{Tracer equations}
- This section covers the tracer equations i.e. the potential temperature
+ This section covers the tracer equations i.e. the potential
- equation and the salinity (for the ocean) or specific humidity (for the
+ temperature equation and the salinity (for the ocean) or specific
- atmosphere) equation. As for the momentum equations, we only describe for
+ humidity (for the atmosphere) equation. As for the momentum equations,
- now the parameters that you are likely to change. The logical variables
+ we only describe for now the parameters that you are likely to change.
- \textbf{tempDiffusion}\textit{, }\textbf{tempAdvection}\textit{, }\textbf{%
+ The logical variables \textbf{tempDiffusion} \textbf{tempAdvection}
- tempForcing}\textit{,} and \textbf{tempStepping} allow you to turn on/off
+ \textbf{tempForcing}, and \textbf{tempStepping} allow you to turn
- terms in the temperature equation (same thing for salinity or specific
+ on/off terms in the temperature equation (same thing for salinity or
- humidity with variables \textbf{saltDiffusion}\textit{, }\textbf{%
+ specific humidity with variables \textbf{saltDiffusion},
- saltAdvection}\textit{\ }etc). These variables are all assumed here to be
+ \textbf{saltAdvection} etc.). These variables are all assumed here to
- set to '.\texttt{TRUE}.'. Look at file \textit{model/inc/PARAMS.h }for a
+ be set to \texttt{'.TRUE.'}. Look at file \textit{model/inc/PARAMS.h}
- precise definition.
+ for a precise definition.
- \begin{itemize}
- \item initialization
- \end{itemize}
- The initial tracer data can be contained in the binary files \textbf{%
- hydrogThetaFile }and \textbf{hydrogSaltFile}. These files should contain 3D
- data ordered in an (x, y, r) fashion with k=1 as the first vertical level.
- If no file names are provided, the tracers are then initialized with the
- values of \textbf{tRef }and \textbf{sRef }mentioned above (in the equation
- of state section). In this case, the initial tracer data are uniform in x
- and y for each depth level.
- \begin{itemize}
- \item forcing
- \end{itemize}
- This part is more relevant for the ocean, the procedure for the atmosphere
- not being completely stabilized at the moment.
- A combination of fluxes data and relaxation terms can be used for driving
- the tracer equations. \ For potential temperature, heat flux data (in W/m$%
- ^{2}$) can be stored in the 2D binary file \textbf{surfQfile}\textit{. }%
- Alternatively or in addition, the forcing can be specified through a
- relaxation term. The SST data to which the model surface temperatures are
- restored to are supposed to be stored in the 2D binary file \textbf{%
- thetaClimFile}\textit{. }The corresponding relaxation time scale coefficient
- is set through the variable \textbf{tauThetaClimRelax}\textit{\ }(in s). The
- same procedure applies for salinity with the variable names \textbf{EmPmRfile%
- }\textit{, }\textbf{saltClimFile}\textit{, }and \textbf{tauSaltClimRelax}%
- \textit{\ }for freshwater flux (in m/s) and surface salinity (in ppt) data
- files and relaxation time scale coefficient (in s), respectively. Also for
- salinity, if the CPP key \textbf{USE\_NATURAL\_BCS} is turned on, natural
- boundary conditions are applied i.e. when computing the surface salinity
- tendency, the freshwater flux is multiplied by the model surface salinity
- instead of a constant salinity value.
- As for the other input files, the precision with which to read the data is
- controlled by the variable \textbf{readBinaryPrec}. Time-dependent, periodic
- forcing can be applied as well following the same procedure used for the
- wind forcing data (see above).
- \begin{itemize}
- \item dissipation
- \end{itemize}
- Lateral eddy diffusivities for temperature and salinity/specific humidity
- are specified through the variables \textbf{diffKhT }and \textbf{diffKhS }%
- (in m$^{2}$/s). Vertical eddy diffusivities are specified through the
- variables \textbf{diffKzT }and \textbf{diffKzS }(in m$^{2}$/s) for the ocean
- and \textbf{diffKpT }and \textbf{diffKpS }(in Pa$^{2}$/s) for the
- atmosphere. The vertical diffusive fluxes can be computed implicitly by
- setting the logical variable \textbf{implicitDiffusion }to '.\texttt{TRUE}%
- .'. In addition, biharmonic diffusivities can be specified as well through
- the coefficients \textbf{diffK4T }and \textbf{diffK4S }(in m$^{4}$/s). Note
- that the cosine power scaling (specified through \textbf{cosPower }- see the
- momentum equations section) is applied to the tracer diffusivities
- (Laplacian and biharmonic) as well. The Gent and McWilliams parameterization
- for oceanic tracers is described in the package section. Finally, note that
- tracers can be also subject to Fourier and Shapiro filtering (see the
- corresponding section on these filters).
- \begin{itemize}
+ \begin{description}
- \item ocean convection
+ \item[initialization] \
- \end{itemize}
+   The initial tracer data can be contained in the binary files
+   \textbf{hydrogThetaFile} and \textbf{hydrogSaltFile}. These files
+   should contain 3D data ordered in an (x,y,r) fashion with k=1 as the
+   first vertical level.  If no file names are provided, the tracers
+   are then initialized with the values of \textbf{tRef} and
+   \textbf{sRef} mentioned above (in the equation of state section). In
+   this case, the initial tracer data are uniform in x and y for each
+   depth level.
+ \item[forcing] \
+   This part is more relevant for the ocean, the procedure for the
+   atmosphere not being completely stabilized at the moment.
+   A combination of fluxes data and relaxation terms can be used for
+   driving the tracer equations.  For potential temperature, heat flux
+   data (in W/m$ ^{2}$) can be stored in the 2D binary file
+   \textbf{surfQfile}.  Alternatively or in addition, the forcing can
+   be specified through a relaxation term. The SST data to which the
+   model surface temperatures are restored to are supposed to be stored
+   in the 2D binary file \textbf{thetaClimFile}. The corresponding
+   relaxation time scale coefficient is set through the variable
+   \textbf{tauThetaClimRelax} (in s). The same procedure applies for
+   salinity with the variable names \textbf{EmPmRfile},
+   \textbf{saltClimFile}, and \textbf{tauSaltClimRelax} for freshwater
+   flux (in m/s) and surface salinity (in ppt) data files and
+   relaxation time scale coefficient (in s), respectively. Also for
+   salinity, if the CPP key \textbf{USE\_NATURAL\_BCS} is turned on,
+   natural boundary conditions are applied i.e. when computing the
+   surface salinity tendency, the freshwater flux is multiplied by the
+   model surface salinity instead of a constant salinity value.
+   As for the other input files, the precision with which to read the
+   data is controlled by the variable \textbf{readBinaryPrec}.
+   Time-dependent, periodic forcing can be applied as well following
+   the same procedure used for the wind forcing data (see above).
+ \item[dissipation] \
+   Lateral eddy diffusivities for temperature and salinity/specific
+   humidity are specified through the variables \textbf{diffKhT} and
+   \textbf{diffKhS} (in m$^{2}$/s). Vertical eddy diffusivities are
+   specified through the variables \textbf{diffKzT} and
+   \textbf{diffKzS} (in m$^{2}$/s) for the ocean and \textbf{diffKpT
+   }and \textbf{diffKpS} (in Pa$^{2}$/s) for the atmosphere. The
+   vertical diffusive fluxes can be computed implicitly by setting the
+   logical variable \textbf{implicitDiffusion} to \texttt{'.TRUE.'}.
+   In addition, biharmonic diffusivities can be specified as well
+   through the coefficients \textbf{diffK4T} and \textbf{diffK4S} (in
+   m$^{4}$/s). Note that the cosine power scaling (specified through
+   \textbf{cosPower}---see the momentum equations section) is applied to
+   the tracer diffusivities (Laplacian and biharmonic) as well. The
+   Gent and McWilliams parameterization for oceanic tracers is
+   described in the package section. Finally, note that tracers can be
+   also subject to Fourier and Shapiro filtering (see the corresponding
+   section on these filters).
+ \item[ocean convection] \
+   Two options are available to parameterize ocean convection: one is
+   to use the convective adjustment scheme. In this case, you need to
+   set the variable \textbf{cadjFreq}, which represents the frequency
+   (in s) with which the adjustment algorithm is called, to a non-zero
+   value (if set to a negative value by the user, the model will set it
+   to the tracer time step). The other option is to parameterize
+   convection with implicit vertical diffusion. To do this, set the
+   logical variable \textbf{implicitDiffusion} to \texttt{'.TRUE.'}
+   and the real variable \textbf{ivdc\_kappa} to a value (in m$^{2}$/s)
+   you wish the tracer vertical diffusivities to have when mixing
+   tracers vertically due to static instabilities. Note that
+   \textbf{cadjFreq} and \textbf{ivdc\_kappa}can not both have non-zero
+   value.
- Two options are available to parameterize ocean convection: one is to use
+ \end{description}
- the convective adjustment scheme. In this case, you need to set the variable
- \textbf{cadjFreq}, which represents the frequency (in s) with which the
- adjustment algorithm is called, to a non-zero value (if set to a negative
- value by the user, the model will set it to the tracer time step). The other
- option is to parameterize convection with implicit vertical diffusion. To do
- this, set the logical variable \textbf{implicitDiffusion }to '.\texttt{TRUE}%
- .' and the real variable \textbf{ivdc\_kappa }to a value (in m$^{2}$/s) you
- wish the tracer vertical diffusivities to have when mixing tracers
- vertically due to static instabilities. Note that \textbf{cadjFreq }and
- \textbf{ivdc\_kappa }can not both have non-zero value.
  \subsection{Simulation controls}
- The model ''clock'' is defined by the variable \textbf{deltaTClock }(in s)
+ The model ''clock'' is defined by the variable \textbf{deltaTClock}
- which determines the IO frequencies and is used in tagging output.
+ (in s) which determines the IO frequencies and is used in tagging
- Typically, you will set it to the tracer time step for accelerated runs
+ output.  Typically, you will set it to the tracer time step for
- (otherwise it is simply set to the default time step \textbf{deltaT}).
+ accelerated runs (otherwise it is simply set to the default time step
- Frequency of checkpointing and dumping of the model state are referenced to
+ \textbf{deltaT}).  Frequency of checkpointing and dumping of the model
- this clock (see below).
+ state are referenced to this clock (see below).
- \begin{itemize}
+ \begin{description}
- \item run duration
+ \item[run duration] \
- \end{itemize}
+   The beginning of a simulation is set by specifying a start time (in
- The beginning of a simulation is set by specifying a start time (in s)
+   s) through the real variable \textbf{startTime} or by specifying an
- through the real variable \textbf{startTime }or by specifying an initial
+   initial iteration number through the integer variable
- iteration number through the integer variable \textbf{nIter0}. If these
+   \textbf{nIter0}. If these variables are set to nonzero values, the
- variables are set to nonzero values, the model will look for a ''pickup''
+   model will look for a ''pickup'' file \textit{pickup.0000nIter0} to
- file \textit{pickup.0000nIter0 }to restart the integration\textit{. }The end
+   restart the integration. The end of a simulation is set through the
- of a simulation is set through the real variable \textbf{endTime }(in s).
+   real variable \textbf{endTime} (in s).  Alternatively, you can
- Alternatively, you can specify instead the number of time steps to execute
+   specify instead the number of time steps to execute through the
- through the integer variable \textbf{nTimeSteps}.
+   integer variable \textbf{nTimeSteps}.
+ \item[frequency of output] \
+   Real variables defining frequencies (in s) with which output files
+   are written on disk need to be set up. \textbf{dumpFreq} controls
+   the frequency with which the instantaneous state of the model is
+   saved. \textbf{chkPtFreq} and \textbf{pchkPtFreq} control the output
+   frequency of rolling and permanent checkpoint files, respectively.
+   See section 1.5.1 Output files for the definition of model state and
+   checkpoint files. In addition, time-averaged fields can be written
+   out by setting the variable \textbf{taveFreq} (in s).  The precision
+   with which to write the binary data is controlled by the integer
+   variable w\textbf{riteBinaryPrec} (set it to \texttt{32} or
+   \texttt{64}).
- \begin{itemize}
+ \end{description}
- \item frequency of output
- \end{itemize}
- Real variables defining frequencies (in s) with which output files are
- written on disk need to be set up. \textbf{dumpFreq }controls the frequency
- with which the instantaneous state of the model is saved. \textbf{chkPtFreq }%
- and \textbf{pchkPtFreq }control the output frequency of rolling and
- permanent checkpoint files, respectively. See section 1.5.1 Output files for the
- definition of model state and checkpoint files. In addition, time-averaged
- fields can be written out by setting the variable \textbf{taveFreq} (in s).
- The precision with which to write the binary data is controlled by the
- integer variable w\textbf{riteBinaryPrec }(set it to \texttt{32} or \texttt{%
-}).
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