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\section{The external forcing package \texttt{exf} | 
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\label{sectionexf}} | 
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\begin{rawhtml} | 
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<!-- CMIREDIR:sectionexf: --> | 
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\end{rawhtml} | 
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heimbach | 
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\subsection{Summary} | 
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{\footnotesize | 
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\begin{verbatim} | 
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c     Field definitions, units, and sign conventions: | 
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c     =============================================== | 
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c | 
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c     ustress   :: Zonal surface wind stress in N/m^2 | 
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c                  > 0 for increase in uVel, which is west to | 
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c                      east for cartesian and spherical polar grids | 
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c                  Typical range: -0.5 < ustress < 0.5 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid U point | 
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c                  Input field | 
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c | 
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c     vstress   :: Meridional surface wind stress in N/m^2 | 
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c                  > 0 for increase in vVel, which is south to | 
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c                      north for cartesian and spherical polar grids | 
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c                  Typical range: -0.5 < vstress < 0.5 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid V point | 
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c                  Input field | 
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c | 
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c     hflux     :: Net upward surface heat flux excluding shortwave in W/m^2 | 
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c                  hflux = latent + sensible + lwflux | 
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c                  > 0 for decrease in theta (ocean cooling) | 
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c                  Typical range: -250 < hflux < 600 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input field | 
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c | 
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c     sflux     :: Net upward freshwater flux in m/s | 
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c                  sflux = evap - precip - runoff | 
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c                  > 0 for increase in salt (ocean salinity) | 
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c                  Typical range: -1e-7 < sflux < 1e-7 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input field | 
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c | 
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c     swflux    :: Net upward shortwave radiation in W/m^2 | 
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c                  swflux = - ( swdown - ice and snow absorption - reflected ) | 
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c                  > 0 for decrease in theta (ocean cooling) | 
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c                  Typical range: -350 < swflux < 0 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input field | 
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c | 
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c     uwind     :: Surface (10-m) zonal wind velocity in m/s | 
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c                  > 0 for increase in uVel, which is west to | 
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c                      east for cartesian and spherical polar grids | 
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c                  Typical range: -10 < uwind < 10 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid U point | 
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c                  Input or input/output field | 
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c | 
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c     vwind     :: Surface (10-m) meridional wind velocity in m/s | 
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c                  > 0 for increase in vVel, which is south to | 
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c                      north for cartesian and spherical polar grids | 
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c                  Typical range: -10 < vwind < 10 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid V point | 
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c                  Input or input/output field | 
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c | 
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c     atemp     :: Surface (2-m) air temperature in deg K | 
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c                  Typical range: 200 < atemp < 300 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input or input/output field | 
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c | 
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c     aqh       :: Surface (2m) specific humidity in kg/kg | 
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c                  Typical range: 0 < aqh < 0.02 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input or input/output field | 
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c | 
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c     lwflux    :: Net upward longwave radiation in W/m^2 | 
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c                  lwflux = - ( lwdown - ice and snow absorption - emitted ) | 
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c                  > 0 for decrease in theta (ocean cooling) | 
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c                  Typical range: -20 < lwflux < 170 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input field | 
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c | 
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c     evap      :: Evaporation in m/s | 
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c                  > 0 for increase in salt (ocean salinity) | 
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c                  Typical range: 0 < evap < 2.5e-7 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input, input/output, or output field | 
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c | 
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c     precip    :: Precipitation in m/s | 
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c                  > 0 for decrease in salt (ocean salinity) | 
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c                  Typical range: 0 < precip < 5e-7 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input or input/output field | 
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c | 
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c     runoff    :: River and glacier runoff in m/s | 
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c                  > 0 for decrease in salt (ocean salinity) | 
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c                  Typical range: 0 < runoff < ???? | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input or input/output field | 
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c                  !!! WATCH OUT: Default exf_inscal_runoff !!! | 
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c                  !!! in exf_readparms.F is not 1.0        !!! | 
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c | 
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c     swdown    :: Downward shortwave radiation in W/m^2 | 
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c                  > 0 for increase in theta (ocean warming) | 
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c                  Typical range: 0 < swdown < 450 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input/output field | 
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c | 
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c     lwdown    :: Downward longwave radiation in W/m^2 | 
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c                  > 0 for increase in theta (ocean warming) | 
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c                  Typical range: 50 < lwdown < 450 | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input/output field | 
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c | 
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c     apressure :: Atmospheric pressure field in N/m^2 | 
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c                  > 0 for ???? | 
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c                  Typical range: ???? < apressure < ???? | 
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c                  Southwest C-grid tracer point | 
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c                  Input field | 
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C | 
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C | 
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c     NOTES: | 
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c     ====== | 
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c | 
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c     Input and output units and sign conventions can be customized | 
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c     using variables exf_inscal_* and exf_outscal_*, which are set | 
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c     by exf_readparms.F | 
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c | 
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c     Output fields fu, fv, Qnet, Qsw, and EmPmR are | 
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c     defined in FFIELDS.h | 
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c | 
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c     #ifndef SHORTWAVE_HEATING, hflux includes shortwave, | 
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c     that is, hflux = latent + sensible + lwflux +swflux | 
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c | 
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c     If (EXFwindOnBgrid .EQ. .TRUE.), uwind and vwind are | 
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c     defined on northeast B-grid U and V points, respectively. | 
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c | 
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c     Arrays *0 and *1 below are used for temporal interpolation. | 
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\end{verbatim} | 
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} | 
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