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revision 1.2 by adcroft, Tue Sep 25 20:13:42 2001 UTC revision 1.10 by molod, Thu Apr 6 00:38:17 2006 UTC
# Line 2  Line 2 
2  % $Name$  % $Name$
3    
4  \section{Flux-form momentum equations}  \section{Flux-form momentum equations}
5    \label{sect:flux-form_momentum_equations}
6    \begin{rawhtml}
7    <!-- CMIREDIR:flux-form_momentum_eqautions: -->
8    \end{rawhtml}
9    
10  The original finite volume model was based on the Eulerian flux form  The original finite volume model was based on the Eulerian flux form
11  momentum equations. This is the default though the vector invariant  momentum equations. This is the default though the vector invariant
# Line 106  discretized: Line 110  discretized:
110  \end{eqnarray}  \end{eqnarray}
111  where the Coriolis parameters $f$ and $f'$ are defined:  where the Coriolis parameters $f$ and $f'$ are defined:
112  \begin{eqnarray}  \begin{eqnarray}
113  f & = & 2 \Omega \sin{\phi} \\  f & = & 2 \Omega \sin{\varphi} \\
114  f' & = & 2 \Omega \cos{\phi}  f' & = & 2 \Omega \cos{\varphi}
115  \end{eqnarray}  \end{eqnarray}
116  where $\phi$ is geographic latitude when using spherical geometry,  where $\varphi$ is geographic latitude when using spherical geometry,
117  otherwise the $\beta$-plane definition is used:  otherwise the $\beta$-plane definition is used:
118  \begin{eqnarray}  \begin{eqnarray}
119  f & = & f_o + \beta y \\  f & = & f_o + \beta y \\
# Line 132  G_w^{Cor} & = & Line 136  G_w^{Cor} & = &
136  \marginpar{Need to change the default in code to match this}  \marginpar{Need to change the default in code to match this}
137  where the subscripts on $f$ and $f'$ indicate evaluation of the  where the subscripts on $f$ and $f'$ indicate evaluation of the
138  Coriolis parameters at the appropriate points in space. The above  Coriolis parameters at the appropriate points in space. The above
139  discretization does {\em not} conserve anything, especially energy. An  discretization does {\em not} conserve anything, especially energy and
140  option to recover this discretization has been retained for backward  for historical reasons is the default for the code. A
141  compatibility testing (set run-time logical {\bf  flag controls this discretization: set run-time logical {\bf
142  useNonconservingCoriolis} to {\em true} which otherwise defaults to  useEnergyConservingCoriolis} to {\em true} which otherwise defaults to
143  {\em false}).  {\em false}.
144    
145  \fbox{ \begin{minipage}{4.75in}  \fbox{ \begin{minipage}{4.75in}
146  {\em S/R MOM\_CDSCHEME} ({\em mom\_cdscheme.F})  {\em S/R MOM\_CDSCHEME} ({\em mom\_cdscheme.F})
# Line 152  $G_u^{Cor}$, $G_v^{Cor}$: {\bf cF} (loca Line 156  $G_u^{Cor}$, $G_v^{Cor}$: {\bf cF} (loca
156  \subsection{Curvature metric terms}  \subsection{Curvature metric terms}
157    
158  The most commonly used coordinate system on the sphere is the  The most commonly used coordinate system on the sphere is the
159  geographic system $(\lambda,\phi)$. The curvilinear nature of these  geographic system $(\lambda,\varphi)$. The curvilinear nature of these
160  coordinates on the sphere lead to some ``metric'' terms in the  coordinates on the sphere lead to some ``metric'' terms in the
161  component momentum equations. Under the thin-atmosphere and  component momentum equations. Under the thin-atmosphere and
162  hydrostatic approximations these terms are discretized:  hydrostatic approximations these terms are discretized:
163  \begin{eqnarray}  \begin{eqnarray}
164  {\cal A}_w \Delta r_f h_w G_u^{metric} & = &  {\cal A}_w \Delta r_f h_w G_u^{metric} & = &
165    \overline{ \frac{ \overline{u}^i }{a} \tan{\phi} {\cal A}_c \Delta r_f h_c \overline{ v }^j }^i \\    \overline{ \frac{ \overline{u}^i }{a} \tan{\varphi} {\cal A}_c \Delta r_f h_c \overline{ v }^j }^i \\
166  {\cal A}_s \Delta r_f h_s G_v^{metric} & = &  {\cal A}_s \Delta r_f h_s G_v^{metric} & = &
167  - \overline{ \frac{ \overline{u}^i }{a} \tan{\phi} {\cal A}_c \Delta r_f h_c \overline{ u }^i }^j \\  - \overline{ \frac{ \overline{u}^i }{a} \tan{\varphi} {\cal A}_c \Delta r_f h_c \overline{ u }^i }^j \\
168  G_w^{metric} & = & 0  G_w^{metric} & = & 0
169  \end{eqnarray}  \end{eqnarray}
170  where $a$ is the radius of the planet (sphericity is assumed) or the  where $a$ is the radius of the planet (sphericity is assumed) or the
171  radial distance of the particle (i.e. a function of height).  It is  radial distance of the particle (i.e. a function of height).  It is
172  easy to see that this discretization satisfies all the properties of  easy to see that this discretization satisfies all the properties of
173  the discrete Coriolis terms since the metric factor $\frac{u}{a}  the discrete Coriolis terms since the metric factor $\frac{u}{a}
174  \tan{\phi}$ can be viewed as a modification of the vertical Coriolis  \tan{\varphi}$ can be viewed as a modification of the vertical Coriolis
175  parameter: $f \rightarrow f+\frac{u}{a} \tan{\phi}$.  parameter: $f \rightarrow f+\frac{u}{a} \tan{\varphi}$.
176    
177  However, as for the Coriolis terms, a non-energy conserving form has  However, as for the Coriolis terms, a non-energy conserving form has
178  exclusively been used to date:  exclusively been used to date:
179  \begin{eqnarray}  \begin{eqnarray}
180  G_u^{metric} & = & \frac{u \overline{v}^{ij} }{a} \tan{\phi} \\  G_u^{metric} & = & \frac{u \overline{v}^{ij} }{a} \tan{\varphi} \\
181  G_v^{metric} & = & \frac{ \overline{u}^{ij} \overline{u}^{ij}}{a} \tan{\phi}  G_v^{metric} & = & \frac{ \overline{u}^{ij} \overline{u}^{ij}}{a} \tan{\varphi}
182  \end{eqnarray}  \end{eqnarray}
183  where $\tan{\phi}$ is evaluated at the $u$ and $v$ points  where $\tan{\varphi}$ is evaluated at the $u$ and $v$ points
184  respectively.  respectively.
185    
186  \fbox{ \begin{minipage}{4.75in}  \fbox{ \begin{minipage}{4.75in}
# Line 193  $G_u^{metric}$, $G_v^{metric}$: {\bf mT} Line 197  $G_u^{metric}$, $G_v^{metric}$: {\bf mT}
197    
198  For the non-hydrostatic equations, dropping the thin-atmosphere  For the non-hydrostatic equations, dropping the thin-atmosphere
199  approximation re-introduces metric terms involving $w$ and are  approximation re-introduces metric terms involving $w$ and are
200  required to conserve anglular momentum:  required to conserve angular momentum:
201  \begin{eqnarray}  \begin{eqnarray}
202  {\cal A}_w \Delta r_f h_w G_u^{metric} & = &  {\cal A}_w \Delta r_f h_w G_u^{metric} & = &
203  - \overline{ \frac{ \overline{u}^i \overline{w}^k }{a} {\cal A}_c \Delta r_f h_c }^i \\  - \overline{ \frac{ \overline{u}^i \overline{w}^k }{a} {\cal A}_c \Delta r_f h_c }^i \\
# Line 240  tensor such as symmetry. Line 244  tensor such as symmetry.
244    
245  The lateral viscous stresses are discretized:  The lateral viscous stresses are discretized:
246  \begin{eqnarray}  \begin{eqnarray}
247  \tau_{11} & = & A_h c_{11\Delta}(\phi) \frac{1}{\Delta x_f} \delta_i u  \tau_{11} & = & A_h c_{11\Delta}(\varphi) \frac{1}{\Delta x_f} \delta_i u
248                 -A_4 c_{11\Delta^2}(\phi) \frac{1}{\Delta x_f} \delta_i \nabla^2 u \\                 -A_4 c_{11\Delta^2}(\varphi) \frac{1}{\Delta x_f} \delta_i \nabla^2 u \\
249  \tau_{12} & = & A_h c_{12\Delta}(\phi) \frac{1}{\Delta y_u} \delta_j u  \tau_{12} & = & A_h c_{12\Delta}(\varphi) \frac{1}{\Delta y_u} \delta_j u
250                 -A_4 c_{12\Delta^2}(\phi)\frac{1}{\Delta y_u} \delta_j \nabla^2 u \\                 -A_4 c_{12\Delta^2}(\varphi)\frac{1}{\Delta y_u} \delta_j \nabla^2 u \\
251  \tau_{21} & = & A_h c_{21\Delta}(\phi) \frac{1}{\Delta x_v} \delta_i v  \tau_{21} & = & A_h c_{21\Delta}(\varphi) \frac{1}{\Delta x_v} \delta_i v
252                 -A_4 c_{21\Delta^2}(\phi) \frac{1}{\Delta x_v} \delta_i \nabla^2 v \\                 -A_4 c_{21\Delta^2}(\varphi) \frac{1}{\Delta x_v} \delta_i \nabla^2 v \\
253  \tau_{22} & = & A_h c_{22\Delta}(\phi) \frac{1}{\Delta y_f} \delta_j v  \tau_{22} & = & A_h c_{22\Delta}(\varphi) \frac{1}{\Delta y_f} \delta_j v
254                 -A_4 c_{22\Delta^2}(\phi) \frac{1}{\Delta y_f} \delta_j \nabla^2 v                 -A_4 c_{22\Delta^2}(\varphi) \frac{1}{\Delta y_f} \delta_j \nabla^2 v
255  \end{eqnarray}  \end{eqnarray}
256  where the non-dimensional factors $c_{lm\Delta^n}(\phi), \{l,m,n\} \in  where the non-dimensional factors $c_{lm\Delta^n}(\varphi), \{l,m,n\} \in
257  \{1,2\}$ define the ``cosine'' scaling with latitude which can be  \{1,2\}$ define the ``cosine'' scaling with latitude which can be
258  applied in various ad-hoc ways. For instance, $c_{11\Delta} =  applied in various ad-hoc ways. For instance, $c_{11\Delta} =
259  c_{21\Delta} = (\cos{\phi})^{3/2}$, $c_{12\Delta}=c_{22\Delta}=0$ would  c_{21\Delta} = (\cos{\varphi})^{3/2}$, $c_{12\Delta}=c_{22\Delta}=0$ would
260  represent the an-isotropic cosine scaling typically used on the  represent the an-isotropic cosine scaling typically used on the
261  ``lat-lon'' grid for Laplacian viscosity.  ``lat-lon'' grid for Laplacian viscosity.
262  \marginpar{Need to tidy up method for controlling this in code}  \marginpar{Need to tidy up method for controlling this in code}
263    
264  It should be noted that dispite the ad-hoc nature of the scaling, some  It should be noted that despite the ad-hoc nature of the scaling, some
265  scaling must be done since on a lat-lon grid the converging meridians  scaling must be done since on a lat-lon grid the converging meridians
266  make it very unlikely that a stable viscosity parameter exists across  make it very unlikely that a stable viscosity parameter exists across
267  the entire model domain.  the entire model domain.
# Line 290  handled using the lopped cells. Line 294  handled using the lopped cells.
294  The no-slip condition defines the normal gradient of a tangential flow  The no-slip condition defines the normal gradient of a tangential flow
295  such that the flow is zero on the boundary. Rather than modify the  such that the flow is zero on the boundary. Rather than modify the
296  stresses by using complicated functions of the masks and ``ghost''  stresses by using complicated functions of the masks and ``ghost''
297  points (see \cite{Adcroft+Marshall98}) we add the boundary stresses as  points (see \cite{adcroft:98}) we add the boundary stresses as
298  an additional source term in cells next to solid boundaries. This has  an additional source term in cells next to solid boundaries. This has
299  the advantage of being able to cope with ``thin walls'' and also makes  the advantage of being able to cope with ``thin walls'' and also makes
300  the interior stress calculation (code) independent of the boundary  the interior stress calculation (code) independent of the boundary
# Line 298  conditions. The ``body'' force takes the Line 302  conditions. The ``body'' force takes the
302  \begin{eqnarray}  \begin{eqnarray}
303  G_u^{side-drag} & = &  G_u^{side-drag} & = &
304  \frac{4}{\Delta z_f} \overline{ (1-h_\zeta) \frac{\Delta x_v}{\Delta y_u} }^j  \frac{4}{\Delta z_f} \overline{ (1-h_\zeta) \frac{\Delta x_v}{\Delta y_u} }^j
305  \left( A_h c_{12\Delta}(\phi) u - A_4 c_{12\Delta^2}(\phi) \nabla^2 u \right)  \left( A_h c_{12\Delta}(\varphi) u - A_4 c_{12\Delta^2}(\varphi) \nabla^2 u \right)
306  \\  \\
307  G_v^{side-drag} & = &  G_v^{side-drag} & = &
308  \frac{4}{\Delta z_f} \overline{ (1-h_\zeta) \frac{\Delta y_u}{\Delta x_v} }^i  \frac{4}{\Delta z_f} \overline{ (1-h_\zeta) \frac{\Delta y_u}{\Delta x_v} }^i
309  \left( A_h c_{21\Delta}(\phi) v - A_4 c_{21\Delta^2}(\phi) \nabla^2 v \right)  \left( A_h c_{21\Delta}(\varphi) v - A_4 c_{21\Delta^2}(\varphi) \nabla^2 v \right)
310  \end{eqnarray}  \end{eqnarray}
311    
312  In fact, the above discretization is not quite complete because it  In fact, the above discretization is not quite complete because it
313  assumes that the bathymetry at velocity points is deeper than at  assumes that the bathymetry at velocity points is deeper than at
314  neighbouring vorticity points, e.g. $1-h_w < 1-h_\zeta$  neighboring vorticity points, e.g. $1-h_w < 1-h_\zeta$
315    
316  \fbox{ \begin{minipage}{4.75in}  \fbox{ \begin{minipage}{4.75in}
317  {\em S/R MOM\_U\_SIDEDRAG} ({\em mom\_u\_sidedrag.F})  {\em S/R MOM\_U\_SIDEDRAG} ({\em mom\_u\_sidedrag.F})
# Line 324  Vertical viscosity terms are discretized Line 328  Vertical viscosity terms are discretized
328  to the variable grid lengths introduced by the finite volume  to the variable grid lengths introduced by the finite volume
329  formulation. This reduces the formal accuracy of these terms to just  formulation. This reduces the formal accuracy of these terms to just
330  first order but only next to boundaries; exactly where other terms  first order but only next to boundaries; exactly where other terms
331  appear such as linar and quadratic bottom drag.  appear such as linear and quadratic bottom drag.
332  \begin{eqnarray}  \begin{eqnarray}
333  G_u^{v-diss} & = &  G_u^{v-diss} & = &
334  \frac{1}{\Delta r_f h_w} \delta_k \tau_{13} \\  \frac{1}{\Delta r_f h_w} \delta_k \tau_{13} \\
# Line 342  In the interior the vertical stresses ar Line 346  In the interior the vertical stresses ar
346  \tau_{33} & = & A_v \frac{1}{\Delta r_f} \delta_k w  \tau_{33} & = & A_v \frac{1}{\Delta r_f} \delta_k w
347  \end{eqnarray}  \end{eqnarray}
348  It should be noted that in the non-hydrostatic form, the stress tensor  It should be noted that in the non-hydrostatic form, the stress tensor
349  is even less consistent than for the hydrostatic (see Wazjowicz  is even less consistent than for the hydrostatic (see
350  \cite{Waojz}). It is well known how to do this properly (see Griffies  \cite{wajsowicz:93}). It is well known how to do this properly (see
351  \cite{Griffies}) and is on the list of to-do's.  \cite{griffies:00}) and is on the list of to-do's.
352    
353  \fbox{ \begin{minipage}{4.75in}  \fbox{ \begin{minipage}{4.75in}
354  {\em S/R MOM\_U\_RVISCLFUX} ({\em mom\_u\_rviscflux.F})  {\em S/R MOM\_U\_RVISCLFUX} ({\em mom\_u\_rviscflux.F})
# Line 401  KE = \frac{1}{2} \left( \overline{ u^2 } Line 405  KE = \frac{1}{2} \left( \overline{ u^2 }
405  \epsilon_{nh} \overline{ w^2 }^k \right)  \epsilon_{nh} \overline{ w^2 }^k \right)
406  \end{equation}  \end{equation}
407    
408    \subsection{Mom Diagnostics}
409    \label{sec:pkg:mom_common:diagnostics}
410    
411    \begin{verbatim}
412    
413    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
414    <-Name->|Levs|<-parsing code->|<--  Units   -->|<- Tile (max=80c)
415    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
416    VISCAHZ | 15 |SZ      MR      |m^2/s           |Harmonic Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Zeta Pt)
417    VISCA4Z | 15 |SZ      MR      |m^4/s           |Biharmonic Visc Coefficient (m4/s) (Zeta Pt)
418    VISCAHD | 15 |SM      MR      |m^2/s           |Harmonic Viscosity Coefficient (m2/s) (Div Pt)
419    VISCA4D | 15 |SM      MR      |m^4/s           |Biharmonic Viscosity Coefficient (m4/s) (Div Pt)
420    VAHZMAX | 15 |SZ      MR      |m^2/s           |CFL-MAX Harm Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Zeta Pt)
421    VA4ZMAX | 15 |SZ      MR      |m^4/s           |CFL-MAX Biharm Visc Coefficient (m4/s) (Zeta Pt)
422    VAHDMAX | 15 |SM      MR      |m^2/s           |CFL-MAX Harm Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Div Pt)
423    VA4DMAX | 15 |SM      MR      |m^4/s           |CFL-MAX Biharm Visc Coefficient (m4/s) (Div Pt)
424    VAHZMIN | 15 |SZ      MR      |m^2/s           |RE-MIN Harm Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Zeta Pt)
425    VA4ZMIN | 15 |SZ      MR      |m^4/s           |RE-MIN Biharm Visc Coefficient (m4/s) (Zeta Pt)
426    VAHDMIN | 15 |SM      MR      |m^2/s           |RE-MIN Harm Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Div Pt)
427    VA4DMIN | 15 |SM      MR      |m^4/s           |RE-MIN Biharm Visc Coefficient (m4/s) (Div Pt)
428    VAHZLTH | 15 |SZ      MR      |m^2/s           |Leith Harm Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Zeta Pt)
429    VA4ZLTH | 15 |SZ      MR      |m^4/s           |Leith Biharm Visc Coefficient (m4/s) (Zeta Pt)
430    VAHDLTH | 15 |SM      MR      |m^2/s           |Leith Harm Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Div Pt)
431    VA4DLTH | 15 |SM      MR      |m^4/s           |Leith Biharm Visc Coefficient (m4/s) (Div Pt)
432    VAHZLTHD| 15 |SZ      MR      |m^2/s           |LeithD Harm Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Zeta Pt)
433    VA4ZLTHD| 15 |SZ      MR      |m^4/s           |LeithD Biharm Visc Coefficient (m4/s) (Zeta Pt)
434    VAHDLTHD| 15 |SM      MR      |m^2/s           |LeithD Harm Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Div Pt)
435    VA4DLTHD| 15 |SM      MR      |m^4/s           |LeithD Biharm Visc Coefficient (m4/s) (Div Pt)
436    VAHZSMAG| 15 |SZ      MR      |m^2/s           |Smagorinsky Harm Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Zeta Pt)
437    VA4ZSMAG| 15 |SZ      MR      |m^4/s           |Smagorinsky Biharm Visc Coeff. (m4/s) (Zeta Pt)
438    VAHDSMAG| 15 |SM      MR      |m^2/s           |Smagorinsky Harm Visc Coefficient (m2/s) (Div Pt)
439    VA4DSMAG| 15 |SM      MR      |m^4/s           |Smagorinsky Biharm Visc Coeff. (m4/s) (Div Pt)
440    momKE   | 15 |SM      MR      |m^2/s^2         |Kinetic Energy (in momentum Eq.)
441    momHDiv | 15 |SM      MR      |s^-1            |Horizontal Divergence (in momentum Eq.)
442    momVort3| 15 |SZ      MR      |s^-1            |3rd component (vertical) of Vorticity
443    Strain  | 15 |SZ      MR      |s^-1            |Horizontal Strain of Horizontal Velocities
444    Tension | 15 |SM      MR      |s^-1            |Horizontal Tension of Horizontal Velocities
445    UBotDrag| 15 |UU   129MR      |m/s^2           |U momentum tendency from Bottom Drag
446    VBotDrag| 15 |VV   128MR      |m/s^2           |V momentum tendency from Bottom Drag
447    USidDrag| 15 |UU   131MR      |m/s^2           |U momentum tendency from Side Drag
448    VSidDrag| 15 |VV   130MR      |m/s^2           |V momentum tendency from Side Drag
449    Um_Diss | 15 |UU   133MR      |m/s^2           |U momentum tendency from Dissipation
450    Vm_Diss | 15 |VV   132MR      |m/s^2           |V momentum tendency from Dissipation
451    Um_Advec| 15 |UU   135MR      |m/s^2           |U momentum tendency from Advection terms
452    Vm_Advec| 15 |VV   134MR      |m/s^2           |V momentum tendency from Advection terms
453    Um_Cori | 15 |UU   137MR      |m/s^2           |U momentum tendency from Coriolis term
454    Vm_Cori | 15 |VV   136MR      |m/s^2           |V momentum tendency from Coriolis term
455    Um_Ext  | 15 |UU   137MR      |m/s^2           |U momentum tendency from external forcing
456    Vm_Ext  | 15 |VV   138MR      |m/s^2           |V momentum tendency from external forcing
457    Um_AdvZ3| 15 |UU   141MR      |m/s^2           |U momentum tendency from Vorticity Advection
458    Vm_AdvZ3| 15 |VV   140MR      |m/s^2           |V momentum tendency from Vorticity Advection
459    Um_AdvRe| 15 |UU   143MR      |m/s^2           |U momentum tendency from vertical Advection (Explicit part)
460    Vm_AdvRe| 15 |VV   142MR      |m/s^2           |V momentum tendency from vertical Advection (Explicit part)
461    ADVx_Um | 15 |UM   145MR      |m^4/s^2         |Zonal      Advective Flux of U momentum
462    ADVy_Um | 15 |VZ   144MR      |m^4/s^2         |Meridional Advective Flux of U momentum
463    ADVrE_Um| 15 |WU      LR      |m^4/s^2         |Vertical   Advective Flux of U momentum (Explicit part)
464    ADVx_Vm | 15 |UZ   148MR      |m^4/s^2         |Zonal      Advective Flux of V momentum
465    ADVy_Vm | 15 |VM   147MR      |m^4/s^2         |Meridional Advective Flux of V momentum
466    ADVrE_Vm| 15 |WV      LR      |m^4/s^2         |Vertical   Advective Flux of V momentum (Explicit part)
467    VISCx_Um| 15 |UM   151MR      |m^4/s^2         |Zonal      Viscous Flux of U momentum
468    VISCy_Um| 15 |VZ   150MR      |m^4/s^2         |Meridional Viscous Flux of U momentum
469    VISrE_Um| 15 |WU      LR      |m^4/s^2         |Vertical   Viscous Flux of U momentum (Explicit part)
470    VISrI_Um| 15 |WU      LR      |m^4/s^2         |Vertical   Viscous Flux of U momentum (Implicit part)
471    VISCx_Vm| 15 |UZ   155MR      |m^4/s^2         |Zonal      Viscous Flux of V momentum
472    VISCy_Vm| 15 |VM   154MR      |m^4/s^2         |Meridional Viscous Flux of V momentum
473    VISrE_Vm| 15 |WV      LR      |m^4/s^2         |Vertical   Viscous Flux of V momentum (Explicit part)
474    VISrI_Vm| 15 |WV      LR      |m^4/s^2         |Vertical   Viscous Flux of V momentum (Implicit part)
475    \end{verbatim}

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