| 4 | 
 @string{blm     = {Bound.~Layer~Meteorol.}} | 
 @string{blm     = {Bound.~Layer~Meteorol.}} | 
| 5 | 
 @string{climd   = {Clim.~Dynamics}} | 
 @string{climd   = {Clim.~Dynamics}} | 
| 6 | 
 @string{cch     = {Clim.\ Change}} | 
 @string{cch     = {Clim.\ Change}} | 
| 7 | 
 @string{jgr     = {J.~Geophys.~Res.}} | 
 @string{cup     = {Cambridge University Press}} | 
| 8 | 
 @string{ijrs    = {Int.~J.~Remote Sensing}} | 
 @string{dao     = {Dyn.~Atmos.~Oceans}} | 
| 9 | 
 @string{jas     = {J.~Atmos.~Sci.}} | 
 @string{dkrz    = {Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ)}} | 
| 10 | 
  | 
 @string{dnmi    = {The Norwegian Meteorological Institute (DNMI)}} | 
| 11 | 
  | 
 @string{dsr     = {Deep Sea Res.}} | 
| 12 | 
  | 
 @string{ecmwf   = {ECMWF}} | 
| 13 | 
  | 
 @string{eos     = {Eos~Trans.\ AGU}} | 
| 14 | 
  | 
 @string{esa     = {European Space Agency (ESA)}} | 
| 15 | 
  | 
 @string{esapub  = {ESA Publications Division, ESTEC, Noordwijk (NL)}} | 
| 16 | 
  | 
 @string{estec   = {European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)}} | 
| 17 | 
  | 
 @string{gaos    = {Global Atmos.~Ocean System}} | 
| 18 | 
  | 
 @string{grl     = {Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}} | 
| 19 | 
  | 
 @string{ieee    = {IEEE Trans.~Geosci. Remote Sensing}} | 
| 20 | 
  | 
 @string{ifremer = {IFREMER/CERSAT}} | 
| 21 | 
  | 
 @string{igarss  = {IEEE Press, Piscataway, N.J., USA}} | 
| 22 | 
 @string{jam     = {J.~Appl.~Meteor.}} | 
 @string{jam     = {J.~Appl.~Meteor.}} | 
| 23 | 
 @string{jpo     = {J.~Phys.~Oceanogr.}} | 
 @string{jaot    = {J.~Atmos.~Ocean.~Technol.}} | 
| 24 | 
  | 
 @string{jas     = {J.~Atmos.~Sci.}} | 
| 25 | 
 @string{jclim   = {J.~Clim.}} | 
 @string{jclim   = {J.~Clim.}} | 
| 26 | 
 @string{jcp     = {J.~Comput.~Phys.}} | 
 @string{jcp     = {J.~Comput.~Phys.}} | 
 | 
 @string{ieee    = {IEEE Trans.~Geosci. Remote Sensing}} | 
  | 
| 27 | 
 @string{jfm     = {J.~Fluid Mech.}} | 
 @string{jfm     = {J.~Fluid Mech.}} | 
| 28 | 
 @string{jaot    = {J.~Atmos.~Ocean.~Technol.}} | 
 @string{jgr     = {J.~Geophys.~Res.}} | 
| 29 | 
  | 
 @string{ijrs    = {Int.~J.~Remote Sensing}} | 
| 30 | 
 @string{jms     = {J.~Mar.~Sys.}} | 
 @string{jms     = {J.~Mar.~Sys.}} | 
| 31 | 
 @string{om      = {Ocean Modelling}} | 
 @string{jpo     = {J.~Phys.~Oceanogr.}} | 
| 32 | 
 @string{gaos    = {Global Atmos.~Ocean System}} | 
 @string{mpi     = {MPI f\"ur Meteorologie}} | 
 | 
 @string{grl     = {Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{dsr     = {Deep Sea Res.}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{dao     = {Dyn.~Atmos.~Oceans}} | 
  | 
| 33 | 
 @string{mwr     = {Mon.~Wea.~Rev.}} | 
 @string{mwr     = {Mon.~Wea.~Rev.}} | 
| 34 | 
  | 
 @string{om      = {Ocean Modelling}} | 
| 35 | 
  | 
 @string{ptrsl   = {{Phil.~Trans.~R.~Soc.~Lond.}}} | 
| 36 | 
 @string{qjrms   = {{Q.~J.~R.~Meteorol.~Soc.}}} | 
 @string{qjrms   = {{Q.~J.~R.~Meteorol.~Soc.}}} | 
| 37 | 
  | 
 @string{siscicom= {SIAM J.\ Sci.\ Comput.}} | 
| 38 | 
 @string{tel     = {Tellus}} | 
 @string{tel     = {Tellus}} | 
 | 
 @string{cup     = {Cambridge University Press}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{esapub  = {ESA Publications Division, ESTEC, Noordwijk (NL)}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{ifremer = {IFREMER/CERSAT}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{igarss  = {IEEE Press, Piscataway, N.J., USA}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{dnmi    = {The Norwegian Meteorological Institute (DNMI)}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{dkrz    = {Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ)}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{mpi     = {MPI f\"ur Meteorologie}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{ecmwf   = {ECMWF}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{estec   = {European Space Research and Technology Centre | 
  | 
 | 
                         (ESTEC)}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{esa     = {European Space Agency (ESA)}} | 
  | 
 | 
 @string{eos     = {Eos~Trans.\ AGU}} | 
  | 
| 39 | 
  | 
  | 
| 40 | 
 @Article{bis-eta:92, | 
 @Article{bis-eta:92, | 
| 41 | 
  author         = {C.H. Bishof and G.F. Corliss and L. Green and | 
  author         = {C.H. Bishof and G.F. Corliss and L. Green and | 
| 76 | 
  note           = {http://www.mcs.anl.gov/autodiff/}, | 
  note           = {http://www.mcs.anl.gov/autodiff/}, | 
| 77 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 78 | 
  | 
  | 
| 79 | 
  | 
 @Article{bouillon13, | 
| 80 | 
  | 
   author =       {Sylvain Bouillon and Thierry Fichefet and Vincent | 
| 81 | 
  | 
                   Legat and Gurvan Madec}, | 
| 82 | 
  | 
   title =        {The Elastic-Viscous-Plastic Method Revisited}, | 
| 83 | 
  | 
   journal =      om, | 
| 84 | 
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   volume =       71, | 
| 85 | 
  | 
   number =       0, | 
| 86 | 
  | 
   pages =        {2--12}, | 
| 87 | 
  | 
   year =         2013, | 
| 88 | 
  | 
   note =         {Arctic Ocean}, | 
| 89 | 
  | 
   issn =         {1463-5003}, | 
| 90 | 
  | 
   doi =          {10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.05.013}, | 
| 91 | 
  | 
   url =          {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.05.013}, | 
| 92 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 93 | 
  | 
 @ARTICLE{bryan:84, | 
| 94 | 
  | 
   author = {Kirk Bryan}, | 
| 95 | 
  | 
   title = {Accelerating the convergence to equilibrium of Ocean-Climate Models}, | 
| 96 | 
  | 
   journal = jpo, | 
| 97 | 
  | 
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| 98 | 
  | 
   volume = {14}, | 
| 99 | 
  | 
   number = {4}, | 
| 100 | 
  | 
   pages = {666-673}, | 
| 101 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 102 | 
  | 
  | 
| 103 | 
 @ARTICLE{bugi-hill:06, | 
 @ARTICLE{bugi-hill:06, | 
| 104 | 
   author = {V. Bugnion and C. Hill}, | 
   author = {V. Bugnion and C. Hill}, | 
| 105 | 
   title = {Equilibration mechanisms in an adjoint ocean general | 
   title = {Equilibration mechanisms in an adjoint ocean general | 
| 126 | 
  note           = {http://www.mcs.anl.gov/autodiff/}, | 
  note           = {http://www.mcs.anl.gov/autodiff/}, | 
| 127 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 128 | 
  | 
  | 
| 129 | 
  | 
 @Article{castro-morales14, | 
| 130 | 
  | 
   author =       {Karel Castro-Morales and Frank Kauker and Martin | 
| 131 | 
  | 
                   Losch and Stefan Hendricks and Kathrin Riemann-Campe | 
| 132 | 
  | 
                   and R{\"u}diger Gerdes}, | 
| 133 | 
  | 
   title =        {Sensitivity of Simulated {A}rctic Sea Ice to | 
| 134 | 
  | 
                   Realistic Ice Thickness Distributions and Snow | 
| 135 | 
  | 
                   Parameterizations}, | 
| 136 | 
  | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 137 | 
  | 
   issn =         {2169-9291}, | 
| 138 | 
  | 
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| 139 | 
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   volume =       119, | 
| 140 | 
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   number =       1, | 
| 141 | 
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| 142 | 
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   url =          {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009342}, | 
| 143 | 
  | 
   doi =          {10.1002/2013JC009342}, | 
| 144 | 
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 } | 
| 145 | 
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| 146 | 
 @Article{cou-tal:87, | 
 @Article{cou-tal:87, | 
| 147 | 
  author         = {P. Courtier and O. Talagrand}, | 
  author         = {P. Courtier and O. Talagrand}, | 
| 148 | 
  year           = 1987, | 
  year           = 1987, | 
| 268 | 
  pages          = {1891--1910}, | 
  pages          = {1891--1910}, | 
| 269 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 270 | 
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| 271 | 
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 @Article{for-eta:15, | 
| 272 | 
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  author         = {Forget, G. and Campin, J.-M. and Heimbach, P. and Hill, C. N. and Ponte, R. M and Wunsch, C.}, | 
| 273 | 
  | 
  title          = {{ECCO} version 4: an integrated framework for non-linear inverse modeling and global ocean state estimation}, | 
| 274 | 
  | 
  journal        = {Geoscientific Model Development}, | 
| 275 | 
  | 
  volume         = {8}, | 
| 276 | 
  | 
  year           = {2015}, | 
| 277 | 
  | 
  number         = {10}, | 
| 278 | 
  | 
  pages          = {3071--3104}, | 
| 279 | 
  | 
  url            = {http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/8/3071/2015/}, | 
| 280 | 
  | 
  doi            = {10.5194/gmd-8-3071-2015} | 
| 281 | 
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| 282 | 
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| 283 | 
 @Article{gas-eta:90, | 
 @Article{gas-eta:90, | 
| 284 | 
  author         = {P. Gaspar and Y. Gr\'egoris and J.-M. Lefevre}, | 
  author         = {P. Gaspar and Y. Gr\'egoris and J.-M. Lefevre}, | 
| 285 | 
  year           = 1990, | 
  year           = 1990, | 
| 427 | 
  pages          = {1825-1830} | 
  pages          = {1825-1830} | 
| 428 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 429 | 
  | 
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| 430 | 
  | 
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| 431 | 
  | 
 @article{heim-eta:11, | 
| 432 | 
  | 
   title         = {Timescales and regions of the sensitivity of {Atlantic} meridional volume and heat transport: Toward observing system design}, | 
| 433 | 
  | 
   author        = {Heimbach, Patrick and Wunsch, Carl and Ponte, Rui M and Forget, Gael and Hill, Chris and Utke, Jean}, | 
| 434 | 
  | 
   journal       = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography}, | 
| 435 | 
  | 
   volume        = {58}, | 
| 436 | 
  | 
   number        = {17}, | 
| 437 | 
  | 
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| 438 | 
  | 
   year          = {2011}, | 
| 439 | 
  | 
   publisher     = {Elsevier} | 
| 440 | 
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| 441 | 
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| 442 | 
 @Article{hil-eta:01, | 
 @Article{hil-eta:01, | 
| 443 | 
  author         = {C. Hill and M. Follows and V. Bugnion and | 
  author         = {C. Hill and M. Follows and V. Bugnion and | 
| 444 | 
                   J. Marshall}, | 
                   J. Marshall}, | 
| 750 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 751 | 
  | 
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| 752 | 
 @article{utke-etal:08, | 
 @article{utke-etal:08, | 
| 753 | 
         Author = {J. Utke and U. Naumann and M. Fagan and N. Tallent and M. Strout and P. Heimbach and C. Hill and D. Ozyurt and C. Wunsch}, | 
   Author =       {J. Utke and U. Naumann and M. Fagan and N. Tallent | 
| 754 | 
         Date-Modified = {2007-11-19 10:15:08 -0500}, | 
                   and M. Strout and P. Heimbach and C. Hill and | 
| 755 | 
         Journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Mathematical Software}, | 
                   D. Ozyurt and C. Wunsch}, | 
| 756 | 
         Pages = {~}, | 
   Date-Modified ={2007-11-19 10:15:08 -0500}, | 
| 757 | 
         Title = {OpenAD/F: A modular open source tool for automatic differentiation of Fortran codes}, | 
   Journal =      {{ACM} Transactions on Mathematical Software}, | 
| 758 | 
         Volume = {34(4)}, | 
   Pages =        {~}, | 
| 759 | 
         Year = {2008}} | 
   Title =        {OpenAD/F: A modular open source tool for automatic | 
| 760 | 
  | 
                   differentiation of Fortran codes}, | 
| 761 | 
  | 
   Volume =       {34(4)}, | 
| 762 | 
  | 
   Year =         2008 | 
| 763 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 764 | 
  | 
  | 
| 765 | 
 @Article{DaSilva94, | 
 @Article{DaSilva94, | 
| 766 | 
  author         = {A. da Silva and A. C. Young and S. Levitus}, | 
  author         = {A. da Silva and A. C. Young and S. Levitus}, | 
| 790 | 
  address        = {Cambridge (MA), USA}, | 
  address        = {Cambridge (MA), USA}, | 
| 791 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 792 | 
  | 
  | 
| 793 | 
 @ARTICLE{stam-etal:02, | 
 @article{stam-etal:02, | 
| 794 | 
   author = {D. Stammer and C. Wunsch and R. Giering and C. Eckert and P. Heimbach and J. Marotzke and A. Adcroft and C.N. Hill and J. Marshall}, | 
   author =       {D. Stammer and C. Wunsch and R. Giering and | 
| 795 | 
   title = {The global ocean circulation and transports during 1992 -- 1997, estimated from ocean observations and a general circulation model.}, | 
                   C. Eckert and P. Heimbach and J. Marotzke and | 
| 796 | 
   journal = jgr, | 
                   A. Adcroft and C.N. Hill and J. Marshall}, | 
| 797 | 
   year = {2002a}, | 
   title =        {The global ocean circulation and transports during | 
| 798 | 
   volume = {107(C9)}, | 
                   1992 -- 1997, estimated from ocean observations and | 
| 799 | 
   pages = {3118}, | 
                   a general circulation model.}, | 
| 800 | 
   doi   = {10.1029/2001JC000888}, | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 801 | 
  | 
   year =         {2002a}, | 
| 802 | 
  | 
   volume =       {107(C9)}, | 
| 803 | 
  | 
   pages =        {3118}, | 
| 804 | 
  | 
   doi =          {10.1029/2001JC000888}, | 
| 805 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 806 | 
  | 
  | 
| 807 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1264 | 
   pages =        {2967-2987} | 
   pages =        {2967-2987} | 
| 1265 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1266 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1267 | 
  | 
 @article{fuku-etal:07, | 
| 1268 | 
  | 
   title={A near-uniform basin-wide sea level fluctuation of the Mediterranean Sea}, | 
| 1269 | 
  | 
   author={Fukumori, Ichiro and Menemenlis, Dimitris and Lee, Tong}, | 
| 1270 | 
  | 
   journal={Journal of physical oceanography}, | 
| 1271 | 
  | 
   volume={37}, | 
| 1272 | 
  | 
   number={2}, | 
| 1273 | 
  | 
   pages={338--358}, | 
| 1274 | 
  | 
   year={2007} | 
| 1275 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1276 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1277 | 
  | 
 @article {fuku-etal:14, | 
| 1278 | 
  | 
   title = "A near-uniform fluctuation of ocean bottom pressure and sea level across the deep ocean basins of the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas ", | 
| 1279 | 
  | 
   journal = "Progress in Oceanography ", | 
| 1280 | 
  | 
   volume = "134", | 
| 1281 | 
  | 
   number = "0", | 
| 1282 | 
  | 
   pages = "152 - 172", | 
| 1283 | 
  | 
   year = "2015", | 
| 1284 | 
  | 
   note = "", | 
| 1285 | 
  | 
   issn = "0079-6611", | 
| 1286 | 
  | 
   doi = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.01.013", | 
| 1287 | 
  | 
   url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079661115000245", | 
| 1288 | 
  | 
   author = "Ichiro Fukumori and Ou Wang and William Llovel and Ian Fenty and Gael Forget", | 
| 1289 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1290 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1291 | 
 @Article{gkw:99, | 
 @Article{gkw:99, | 
| 1292 | 
   author =       {R. Gerdes and C. Koberle and A. Beckmann and P. Herrmann and J. Willebrand}, | 
   author =       {R. Gerdes and C. Koberle and A. Beckmann and P. Herrmann and J. Willebrand}, | 
| 1293 | 
   title =        {Mechanisms for spreading of Mediterranean water in coarse-resolution numerical models}, | 
   title =        {Mechanisms for spreading of Mediterranean water in coarse-resolution numerical models}, | 
| 1940 | 
   number =       {393--426} | 
   number =       {393--426} | 
| 1941 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1942 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1943 | 
 @ARTICLE{menemenlis05, | 
 @Article{menemenlis05, | 
| 1944 | 
   author =       {D. Menemenlis and C. Hill and A. Adcroft and | 
   author =       {D. Menemenlis and C. Hill and A. Adcroft and | 
| 1945 | 
                   J.-M. Campin and B. Cheng and B. Ciotti and | 
                   J.-M. Campin and B. Cheng and B. Ciotti and | 
| 1946 | 
                   I. Fukumori and A. Koehl and P. Heimbach and | 
                   I. Fukumori and A. Koehl and P. Heimbach and | 
| 2047 | 
   pages =        {1787--1800} | 
   pages =        {1787--1800} | 
| 2048 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 2049 | 
  | 
  | 
| 2050 | 
  | 
 @Article{hutchings04, | 
| 2051 | 
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| 2052 | 
  | 
                   W. Laxon}, | 
| 2053 | 
  | 
   title =        {A Strength Implicit Correction Scheme for the | 
| 2054 | 
  | 
                   Viscous-Plastic Sea Ice Model}, | 
| 2055 | 
  | 
   journal =      om, | 
| 2056 | 
  | 
   year =         2004, | 
| 2057 | 
  | 
   volume =       7, | 
| 2058 | 
  | 
   number =       {1--2}, | 
| 2059 | 
  | 
   pages =        {111-133}, | 
| 2060 | 
  | 
   doi =          {10.1016/S1463-5003(03)00040-4} | 
| 2061 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 2062 | 
  | 
  | 
| 2063 | 
 @Article{jenkins01, | 
 @Article{jenkins01, | 
| 2064 | 
   author =       {Adrian Jenkins and Hartmut H. Hellmer and David | 
   author =       {Adrian Jenkins and Hartmut H. Hellmer and David | 
| 2065 | 
                   M. Holland}, | 
                   M. Holland}, | 
| 2071 | 
   volume =       31, | 
   volume =       31, | 
| 2072 | 
   pages =        {285--296}} | 
   pages =        {285--296}} | 
| 2073 | 
  | 
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| 2074 | 
  | 
 @Article{kalnay96, | 
| 2075 | 
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   author =       {E. Kalnay and M. Kanamitsu and R. Kistler and | 
| 2076 | 
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                   W. Collins and D. Deaven and L. Gandin and | 
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                   M. Iredell and S. Saha and G. White and J. Woollen | 
| 2078 | 
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                   and Y. Zhu and M. Chelliah and W. Ebisuzaki and | 
| 2079 | 
  | 
                   W. Higgins and J. Janowiak and K. C. Mo and | 
| 2080 | 
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                   C. Ropelewski and J. Wang and A. Leetmaa and | 
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                   R. Reynolds and R. Jenne and D. Joseph}, | 
| 2082 | 
  | 
   title =        {The {NMC/NCAR} 40-Year Reanalysis Project}, | 
| 2083 | 
  | 
   journal =      bams, | 
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