| 1 | 
  | 
 @string{angl    = {Ann.\ Glaciol.}} | 
| 2 | 
 @string{arfm    = {Annu.~Rev.~Fluid Mech.}} | 
 @string{arfm    = {Annu.~Rev.~Fluid Mech.}} | 
| 3 | 
 @string{bams    = {Bull.~Am.~Met.~Soc.}} | 
 @string{bams    = {Bull.~Am.~Met.~Soc.}} | 
| 4 | 
 @string{blm     = {Bound.~Layer~Meteorol.}} | 
 @string{blm     = {Bound.~Layer~Meteorol.}} | 
| 5 | 
 @string{climd   = {Clim.~Dynamics}} | 
 @string{climd   = {Clim.~Dynamics}} | 
| 6 | 
  | 
 @string{cch     = {Clim.\ Change}} | 
| 7 | 
 @string{jgr     = {J.~Geophys.~Res.}} | 
 @string{jgr     = {J.~Geophys.~Res.}} | 
| 8 | 
 @string{ijrs    = {Int.~J.~Remote Sensing}} | 
 @string{ijrs    = {Int.~J.~Remote Sensing}} | 
| 9 | 
 @string{jas     = {J.~Atmos.~Sci.}} | 
 @string{jas     = {J.~Atmos.~Sci.}} | 
| 10 | 
  | 
 @string{jam     = {J.~Appl.~Meteor.}} | 
| 11 | 
 @string{jpo     = {J.~Phys.~Oceanogr.}} | 
 @string{jpo     = {J.~Phys.~Oceanogr.}} | 
| 12 | 
 @string{jclim   = {J.~Clim.}} | 
 @string{jclim   = {J.~Clim.}} | 
| 13 | 
  | 
 @string{jcp     = {J.~Comput.~Phys.}} | 
| 14 | 
 @string{ieee    = {IEEE Trans.~Geosci. Remote Sensing}} | 
 @string{ieee    = {IEEE Trans.~Geosci. Remote Sensing}} | 
| 15 | 
 @string{jfm     = {J.~Fluid Mech.}} | 
 @string{jfm     = {J.~Fluid Mech.}} | 
| 16 | 
 @string{jaot    = {J.~Atmos.~Ocean.~Technol.}} | 
 @string{jaot    = {J.~Atmos.~Ocean.~Technol.}} | 
| 34 | 
 @string{estec   = {European Space Research and Technology Centre | 
 @string{estec   = {European Space Research and Technology Centre | 
| 35 | 
                         (ESTEC)}} | 
                         (ESTEC)}} | 
| 36 | 
 @string{esa     = {European Space Agency (ESA)}} | 
 @string{esa     = {European Space Agency (ESA)}} | 
| 37 | 
  | 
 @string{eos     = {Eos~Trans.\ AGU}} | 
| 38 | 
  | 
  | 
| 39 | 
 @Article{bis-eta:92, | 
 @Article{bis-eta:92, | 
| 40 | 
  author         = {C.H. Bishof and G.F. Corliss and L. Green and | 
  author         = {C.H. Bishof and G.F. Corliss and L. Green and | 
| 74 | 
                   Argonne (ILL), 90439; USA}, | 
                   Argonne (ILL), 90439; USA}, | 
| 75 | 
  note           = {http://www.mcs.anl.gov/autodiff/}, | 
  note           = {http://www.mcs.anl.gov/autodiff/}, | 
| 76 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 77 | 
  | 
  | 
| 78 | 
  | 
 @ARTICLE{bugi-hill:06, | 
| 79 | 
  | 
   author = {V. Bugnion and C. Hill}, | 
| 80 | 
  | 
   title = {Equilibration mechanisms in an adjoint ocean general | 
| 81 | 
  | 
            circulation model}, | 
| 82 | 
  | 
   journal = {Ocean Dynamics}, | 
| 83 | 
  | 
   year = {2006}, | 
| 84 | 
  | 
   volume = {56}, | 
| 85 | 
  | 
   number = {1}, | 
| 86 | 
  | 
   pages = {51-61}, | 
| 87 | 
  | 
   doi   = {10.1007/s10236-005-0052-z}, | 
| 88 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 89 | 
   | 
   | 
| 90 | 
 @techreport{bis-roh:97, | 
 @techreport{bis-roh:97, | 
| 91 | 
  author         = {C. Bishof and L. Roh}, | 
  author         = {C. Bishof and L. Roh}, | 
| 133 | 
  volume         = {120}, | 
  volume         = {120}, | 
| 134 | 
  pages          = {1367--1387}, | 
  pages          = {1367--1387}, | 
| 135 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 136 | 
  | 
  | 
| 137 | 
  | 
 @ARTICLE{durr:91, | 
| 138 | 
  | 
   author = {Dale R. Durran}, | 
| 139 | 
  | 
   title = {The Third-Order Adams-Bashforth Method: An Attractive Alternative | 
| 140 | 
  | 
            to Leapfrog Time Differencing}, | 
| 141 | 
  | 
   journal = mwr, | 
| 142 | 
  | 
   year = {1991}, | 
| 143 | 
  | 
   volume = {119}, | 
| 144 | 
  | 
   pages  = {702-720}, | 
| 145 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 146 | 
  | 
   | 
| 147 | 
  | 
  | 
| 148 | 
  | 
 @ARTICLE{dutk-etal:06, | 
| 149 | 
  | 
   author = {S. Dutkiewicz and M.J. Follows and P. Heimbach and J. Marshall}, | 
| 150 | 
  | 
   title = {Controls on ocean productivity and air-sea carbon flux: | 
| 151 | 
  | 
            An adjoint model sensitivity study}, | 
| 152 | 
  | 
   journal = grl, | 
| 153 | 
  | 
   year = {2006}, | 
| 154 | 
  | 
   volume = {33}, | 
| 155 | 
  | 
   pages  = {L02603}, | 
| 156 | 
  | 
   doi    = {10.1029/2005GL024987}, | 
| 157 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 158 | 
   | 
   | 
| 159 | 
 @Article{err:97, | 
 @Article{err:97, | 
| 160 | 
  author         = {R.M. Errico}, | 
  author         = {R.M. Errico}, | 
| 216 | 
  note           = {in press}, | 
  note           = {in press}, | 
| 217 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 218 | 
   | 
   | 
| 219 | 
  | 
 @Article{fer-eta:05, | 
| 220 | 
  | 
  author         = {D. Ferreira and J. Marshall and P. Heimbach}, | 
| 221 | 
  | 
  year           = 2005, | 
| 222 | 
  | 
  title          = {Estimating Eddy Stresses by Fitting Dynamics to Observations | 
| 223 | 
  | 
                    using a Residual-Mean Ocean Circulation Model and Its Adjoint}, | 
| 224 | 
  | 
  journal        = jpo, | 
| 225 | 
  | 
  volume         = {35}, | 
| 226 | 
  | 
  pages          = {1891--1910}, | 
| 227 | 
  | 
                   } | 
| 228 | 
  | 
  | 
| 229 | 
  | 
 @Article{gas-eta:90, | 
| 230 | 
  | 
  author         = {P. Gaspar and Y. Gr\'egoris and J.-M. Lefevre},  | 
| 231 | 
  | 
  year           = 1990, | 
| 232 | 
  | 
  title          = {A Simple Eddy Kinetic Energy Model for Simulations of the  | 
| 233 | 
  | 
                    Oceanic Vertical Mixing: Tests at Station Papa and Long-Term  | 
| 234 | 
  | 
                    Upper Ocean Study Site}, | 
| 235 | 
  | 
  journal        = jgr, | 
| 236 | 
  | 
  volume         = {95 (C9)}, | 
| 237 | 
  | 
  pages          = {16,179--16,193}, | 
| 238 | 
  | 
                   } | 
| 239 | 
  | 
  | 
| 240 | 
 @Article{gen-mcw:90, | 
 @Article{gen-mcw:90, | 
| 241 | 
  author         = {P.R. Gent and J.C. McWilliams}, | 
  author         = {P.R. Gent and J.C. McWilliams}, | 
| 242 | 
  year           = 1990, | 
  year           = 1990, | 
| 386 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 387 | 
  | 
  | 
| 388 | 
 @ARTICLE{hib80, | 
 @ARTICLE{hib80, | 
| 389 | 
   AUTHOR      = "W. D. {Hibler, III}", | 
   author =       {Hibler, III, William D.}, | 
| 390 | 
   TITLE       = "Modeling a Variable Thickness Sea Ice Cover", | 
   TITLE       = "Modeling a Variable Thickness Sea Ice Cover", | 
| 391 | 
   JOURNAL     = mwr, | 
   JOURNAL     = mwr, | 
| 392 | 
   YEAR        = 1980, | 
   YEAR        = 1980, | 
| 416 | 
  pages          = {658-669} | 
  pages          = {658-669} | 
| 417 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 418 | 
  | 
  | 
| 419 | 
  | 
 @Article{jam-oze:86, | 
| 420 | 
  | 
  author         = {B.M. Jamart and J. Ozer},  | 
| 421 | 
  | 
  year           = {1986}, | 
| 422 | 
  | 
  title          = {Numerical boundary layers and spurious residual flows},  | 
| 423 | 
  | 
  journal        = jgr, | 
| 424 | 
  | 
  volume         = {91}, | 
| 425 | 
  | 
  pages          = {10,621-10,631} | 
| 426 | 
  | 
                   } | 
| 427 | 
  | 
  | 
| 428 | 
 @book{kas-eta:00, | 
 @book{kas-eta:00, | 
| 429 | 
  author         = {P. Kasibhatla and M. Heimann and P. Rayner and | 
  author         = {P. Kasibhatla and M. Heimann and P. Rayner and | 
| 430 | 
                   N. Mahowald and R.G. Prinn and D.E. Hartley}, | 
                   N. Mahowald and R.G. Prinn and D.E. Hartley}, | 
| 521 | 
  pages          = {38 pp.}, | 
  pages          = {38 pp.}, | 
| 522 | 
  address        = {Delft (NL)}, | 
  address        = {Delft (NL)}, | 
| 523 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 524 | 
  | 
  | 
| 525 | 
  | 
 @ARTICLE{losc-heim:06, | 
| 526 | 
  | 
   author = {M. Losch and P. Heimbach}, | 
| 527 | 
  | 
   title = {Adjoint sensitivity of an ocean general circulation model | 
| 528 | 
  | 
            to bottom topography}, | 
| 529 | 
  | 
   journal = jpo, | 
| 530 | 
  | 
   year = {2006}, | 
| 531 | 
  | 
   volume = {{in press}}, | 
| 532 | 
  | 
   url    = {http://mitgcm.org/pdfs/Los2006a.pdf}, | 
| 533 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 534 | 
  | 
  | 
| 535 | 
   | 
   | 
| 536 | 
 @Article{maro-wun:93, | 
 @Article{maro-wun:93, | 
| 537 | 
  author         = {J. Marotzke and C. Wunsch}, | 
  author         = {J. Marotzke and C. Wunsch}, | 
| 578 | 
  pages          = {5,753--5,766}, | 
  pages          = {5,753--5,766}, | 
| 579 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 580 | 
   | 
   | 
| 581 | 
 @Article{mars-sha:98, | 
 @Article{mars-eta:98, | 
| 582 | 
  author         = {J. Marshall and H. Jones and C. Hill}, | 
  author         = {J. Marshall and H. Jones and C. Hill}, | 
| 583 | 
  year           = 1998, | 
  year           = 1998, | 
| 584 | 
  title          = {Efficient ocean modeling using | 
  title          = {Efficient ocean modeling using | 
| 586 | 
  journal        = jms, | 
  journal        = jms, | 
| 587 | 
  volume         = {18}, | 
  volume         = {18}, | 
| 588 | 
  pages          = {115--134}, | 
  pages          = {115--134}, | 
| 589 | 
  | 
  url            = {http://mitgcm.org/pdfs/journal_of_marine_systems_1998.pdf}, | 
| 590 | 
  | 
  doi            = {10.1016/S0924-7963\%2898\%2900008-6}, | 
| 591 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 592 | 
   | 
   | 
| 593 | 
 @Article{mcw:96, | 
 @Article{mol:09, | 
| 594 | 
  author         = {J. McWilliams}, | 
  author         = {Andrea Molod}, | 
| 595 | 
  year           = 1996, | 
  year           = 2009, | 
| 596 | 
  title          = {Modeling the oceanic general circulation}, | 
  title          = {Running {GCM} physics and dynamics on different grids: | 
| 597 | 
  journal        = arfm, | 
                    algorithm and tests}, | 
| 598 | 
  volume         = {28}, | 
  journal        = tel, | 
| 599 | 
  pages          = {215--248}, | 
  volume         = {61A}, | 
| 600 | 
  | 
  pages          = {381--393}, | 
| 601 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 602 | 
  | 
  | 
| 603 | 
 %% Rew, R. K., G. P. Davis, S. Emmerson, and H. Davies | 
 %% Rew, R. K., G. P. Davis, S. Emmerson, and H. Davies | 
| 608 | 
 %%   http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/netcdf/guidec. NetCDF User's  | 
 %%   http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/netcdf/guidec. NetCDF User's  | 
| 609 | 
 %%   Guide for Fortran 90 and NetCDF User's Guide for Fortran 77 are  | 
 %%   Guide for Fortran 90 and NetCDF User's Guide for Fortran 77 are  | 
| 610 | 
 %%   also available. | 
 %%   also available. | 
| 611 | 
  | 
    | 
| 612 | 
  | 
 @incollection{naum-etal:06, | 
| 613 | 
  | 
         Author = {U. Naumann and J. Utke and P. Heimbach and C. Hill and D. Ozyurt and C. Wunsch and M. Fagan and N. Tallent and M. Strout}, | 
| 614 | 
  | 
         Booktitle = {European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics ECCOMAS CFD 2006}, | 
| 615 | 
  | 
         Editor = {{P. Wesseling, E. O~nate and J. Periaux}}, | 
| 616 | 
  | 
         Pages = {~}, | 
| 617 | 
  | 
         Publisher = {TU Delft}, | 
| 618 | 
  | 
         Title = {Adjoint code by source transformation with OpenAD/F}, | 
| 619 | 
  | 
         Year = {2006}} | 
| 620 | 
  | 
  | 
| 621 | 
  | 
 @Article{orl:76, | 
| 622 | 
  | 
  author         = {I. Orlanski}, | 
| 623 | 
  | 
  year           = 1976, | 
| 624 | 
  | 
  title          = {A simple boundary condition for unbounded hyperbolic flows}, | 
| 625 | 
  | 
  journal        = jcp, | 
| 626 | 
  | 
  volume         = {21}, | 
| 627 | 
  | 
  pages          = {251--269}, | 
| 628 | 
  | 
                 } | 
| 629 | 
  | 
  | 
| 630 | 
  | 
 @Article{pal-rom:97, | 
| 631 | 
  | 
  author         = {T. Paluszkiewicz and R.D. Romea}, | 
| 632 | 
  | 
  year           = 1997, | 
| 633 | 
  | 
  title          = {A one-dimensional model for the parameterization | 
| 634 | 
  | 
                   of deep convection in the ocean}, | 
| 635 | 
  | 
  journal        = dao, | 
| 636 | 
  | 
  volume         = {26}, | 
| 637 | 
  | 
  pages          = {95--130}, | 
| 638 | 
  | 
                   } | 
| 639 | 
  | 
  | 
| 640 | 
 @TechReport{rew:97, | 
 @TechReport{rew:97, | 
| 641 | 
   author =       {R. K. Rew and G. P. Davis and S. Emmerson and H. Davies}, | 
   author =       {R. K. Rew and G. P. Davis and S. Emmerson and H. Davies}, | 
| 683 | 
  address        = {Berlin (Germany)}, | 
  address        = {Berlin (Germany)}, | 
| 684 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 685 | 
  | 
  | 
| 686 | 
  | 
 @article{utke-etal:08, | 
| 687 | 
  | 
         Author = {J. Utke and U. Naumann and M. Fagan and N. Tallent and M. Strout and P. Heimbach and C. Hill and D. Ozyurt and C. Wunsch}, | 
| 688 | 
  | 
         Date-Modified = {2007-11-19 10:15:08 -0500}, | 
| 689 | 
  | 
         Journal = {{ACM} Transactions on Mathematical Software}, | 
| 690 | 
  | 
         Pages = {~}, | 
| 691 | 
  | 
         Title = {OpenAD/F: A modular open source tool for automatic differentiation of Fortran codes}, | 
| 692 | 
  | 
         Volume = {34(4)}, | 
| 693 | 
  | 
         Year = {2008}} | 
| 694 | 
  | 
  | 
| 695 | 
 @Article{DaSilva94, | 
 @Article{DaSilva94, | 
| 696 | 
  author         = {A. da Silva and A. C. Young and S. Levitus}, | 
  author         = {A. da Silva and A. C. Young and S. Levitus}, | 
| 697 | 
  year           = 1994, | 
  year           = 1994, | 
| 701 | 
  publisher      = {U.S. Department of Commerce}, | 
  publisher      = {U.S. Department of Commerce}, | 
| 702 | 
  address        = {Washington, D.C. (USA)}, | 
  address        = {Washington, D.C. (USA)}, | 
| 703 | 
  note           = {http:////ingrid.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.DASILVA/.SMD94/}, | 
  note           = {http:////ingrid.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.DASILVA/.SMD94/}, | 
| 704 | 
  | 
  url            = {http:////ingrid.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.DASILVA/.SMD94/}, | 
| 705 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 706 | 
   | 
   | 
| 707 | 
 @techreport{sta-eta:97, | 
 @techreport{stam-etal:97, | 
| 708 | 
  author         = {D. Stammer and C. Wunsch and R. Giering and | 
  author         = {D. Stammer and C. Wunsch and R. Giering and | 
| 709 | 
                   Q. Zhang and J. Marotzke and J. Marshall and | 
                   Q. Zhang and J. Marotzke and J. Marshall and | 
| 710 | 
                   C. Hill}, | 
                   C. Hill}, | 
| 720 | 
  address        = {Cambridge (MA), USA}, | 
  address        = {Cambridge (MA), USA}, | 
| 721 | 
                   } | 
                   } | 
| 722 | 
   | 
   | 
| 723 | 
 @Article{sta-eta:01, | 
 @ARTICLE{stam-etal:02, | 
| 724 | 
  author         = {D. Stammer and C. Wunsch and R. Giering and | 
   author = {D. Stammer and C. Wunsch and R. Giering and C. Eckert and P. Heimbach and J. Marotzke and A. Adcroft and C.N. Hill and J. Marshall}, | 
| 725 | 
                   C. Eckert and P. Heimbach and J. Marotzke and | 
   title = {The global ocean circulation and transports during 1992 -- 1997, estimated from ocean observations and a general circulation model.}, | 
| 726 | 
                   A. Adcroft and C. Hill and J. Marshall}, | 
   journal = jgr, | 
| 727 | 
  year           = 2001, | 
   year = {2002a}, | 
| 728 | 
  title          = {The global ocean circulation during 1992 -- 1997, | 
   volume = {107(C9)}, | 
| 729 | 
                   estimated from ocean observations and a general | 
   pages = {3118}, | 
| 730 | 
                   circulation model}, | 
   doi   = {10.1029/2001JC000888}, | 
| 731 | 
  journal        = jgr, | 
 } | 
| 732 | 
  note           = {in press}, | 
  | 
 | 
                   } | 
  | 
| 733 | 
  | 
  | 
| 734 | 
 @Article{Stommel66, | 
 @Article{Stommel66, | 
| 735 | 
  author         = {H. Stommel}, | 
  author         = {H. Stommel}, | 
| 891 | 
   author =       {Marshall, J. and C. Hill and L. Perelman and A. Adcroft}, | 
   author =       {Marshall, J. and C. Hill and L. Perelman and A. Adcroft}, | 
| 892 | 
   title =        {Hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic ocean | 
   title =        {Hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic ocean | 
| 893 | 
                  modeling}, | 
                  modeling}, | 
| 894 | 
   journal =      {JGR}, | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 895 | 
   year =         1997, | 
   year =         1997, | 
| 896 | 
   volume =       102, | 
   volume =       102, | 
| 897 | 
   number =       {C3}, | 
   number =       {C3}, | 
| 898 | 
   pages =        {5733-5752} | 
   pages =        {5733-5752}, | 
| 899 | 
  | 
   url      =     {http://mitgcm.org/pdfs/96JC02775.pdf}, | 
| 900 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 901 | 
  | 
  | 
| 902 | 
 @Article{marshall:97b, | 
 @Article{marshall:97b, | 
| 903 | 
   author =       {Marshall, J. and A. Adcroft and C. Hill and L. Perelman and C. Heisey}, | 
   author =       {Marshall, J. and A. Adcroft and C. Hill and L. Perelman and C. Heisey}, | 
| 904 | 
   title =        {A finite-volume, incompressible Navier Stokes model for | 
   title =        {A finite-volume, incompressible Navier Stokes model for | 
| 905 | 
                   studies of the ocean on parallel computers}, | 
                   studies of the ocean on parallel computers}, | 
| 906 | 
   journal =      {JGR}, | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 907 | 
   year =         1997, | 
   year =         1997, | 
| 908 | 
   volume =       102, | 
   volume =       102, | 
| 909 | 
   number =       {C3}, | 
   number =       {C3}, | 
| 910 | 
   pages =        {5753-5766} | 
   pages =        {5753-5766}, | 
| 911 | 
  | 
   url      =     {http://mitgcm.org/pdfs/96JC02776.pdf}, | 
| 912 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 913 | 
  | 
  | 
| 914 | 
 @Article{adcroft:97, | 
 @Article{adcroft:97, | 
| 915 | 
   author =       {Adcroft, A.J. and Hill, C.N. and J. Marshall}, | 
   author =       {Adcroft, A.J. and Hill, C.N. and J. Marshall}, | 
| 916 | 
   title =        {Representation of topography by shaved cells in a height | 
   title =        {Representation of topography by shaved cells in a height | 
| 917 | 
                   coordinate ocean model}, | 
                   coordinate ocean model}, | 
| 918 | 
   journal =      {MWR}, | 
   journal =      mwr, | 
| 919 | 
   year =         1997, | 
   year =         1997, | 
| 920 | 
   volume =       125, | 
   volume =       125, | 
| 921 | 
   pages =        {2293-2315} | 
   pages =        {2293-2315}, | 
| 922 | 
  | 
   url   =        {http://mitgcm.org/pdfs/mwr_1997.pdf}, | 
| 923 | 
  | 
   doi       =    {10.1175/1520-0493\%281997\%29125<2293:ROTBSC>2.0.CO;2}, | 
| 924 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 925 | 
  | 
  | 
| 926 | 
 @Article{adcroft:04a, | 
 @Article{adcroft:04a, | 
| 930 | 
   journal =      om, | 
   journal =      om, | 
| 931 | 
   year =         2004, | 
   year =         2004, | 
| 932 | 
   volume =       7, | 
   volume =       7, | 
| 933 | 
   pages =        {269-284} | 
   pages =        {269-284}, | 
| 934 | 
  | 
   doi   =        {10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.09.003}, | 
| 935 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 936 | 
  | 
  | 
| 937 | 
 @Article{adcroft:04b, | 
 @Article{adcroft:04b, | 
| 941 | 
   journal =      mwr, | 
   journal =      mwr, | 
| 942 | 
   year =         2004, | 
   year =         2004, | 
| 943 | 
   volume =       132, | 
   volume =       132, | 
| 944 | 
   pages =        {2845-2863} | 
   pages =        {2845-2863}, | 
| 945 | 
  | 
   url   =        {http://mitgcm.org/pdfs/mwr_2004.pdf}, | 
| 946 | 
  | 
   doi     =      {10.1175/MWR2823.1}, | 
| 947 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 948 | 
  | 
  | 
| 949 | 
  | 
 @inproceedings{adcroft:04c, | 
| 950 | 
  | 
   author =       {Adcroft, A. and C. Hill and J.-M. Campin and J. Marshall  | 
| 951 | 
  | 
                   and P. Heimbach}, | 
| 952 | 
  | 
   title =        {Overview of the Formulation and Numerics of the {MIT}GCM}, | 
| 953 | 
  | 
   booktitle =   {Proceedings of the ECMWF seminar series on Numerical Methods, | 
| 954 | 
  | 
                  Recent developments in numerical methods for atmosphere and  | 
| 955 | 
  | 
                  ocean modelling}, | 
| 956 | 
  | 
   year =         2004, | 
| 957 | 
  | 
   pages =        {139-149}, | 
| 958 | 
  | 
   url   =        {http://mitgcm.org/pdfs/ECMWF2004-Adcroft.pdf}, | 
| 959 | 
  | 
  publisher =     ecmwf | 
| 960 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 961 | 
  | 
  | 
| 962 | 
 @Article{marshall:04, | 
 @Article{marshall:04, | 
| 965 | 
   journal =      mwr, | 
   journal =      mwr, | 
| 966 | 
   year =         2004, | 
   year =         2004, | 
| 967 | 
   volume =       132, | 
   volume =       132, | 
| 968 | 
   pages =        {2882-2894} | 
   pages =        {2882-2894}, | 
| 969 | 
  | 
   url   =        {http://mitgcm.org/pdfs/a_o_iso.pdf}, | 
| 970 | 
  | 
   doi    =       {10.1175/MWR2835.1}, | 
| 971 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 972 | 
  | 
  | 
| 973 | 
 @Article{visbeck:97, | 
 @Article{visbeck:97, | 
| 974 | 
   author =       {Visbeck, M., J. Marshall, T. Haine, and M. Spall}, | 
   author =       {Visbeck, M., J. Marshall, T. Haine, and M. Spall}, | 
| 975 | 
   title =        {Specification of eddy transfer coefficients in | 
   title =        {Specification of eddy transfer coefficients in | 
| 976 | 
                   coarse-resolution ocean circulation models}, | 
                   coarse-resolution ocean circulation models}, | 
| 977 | 
   journal =      {JPO}, | 
   journal =      jpo, | 
| 978 | 
   year =         1997, | 
   year =         1997, | 
| 979 | 
   volume =       27, | 
   volume =       27, | 
| 980 | 
   number =       3, | 
   number =       3, | 
| 994 | 
   pages =        {1-51} | 
   pages =        {1-51} | 
| 995 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 996 | 
  | 
  | 
 | 
 @Article{marshall:98, | 
  | 
 | 
   author =       {J. Marshall and H. Jones and C. Hill}, | 
  | 
 | 
   title =        {Efficient ocean modeling using non-hydrostatic algorithms}, | 
  | 
 | 
   journal =      {JMR}, | 
  | 
 | 
   year =         1998, | 
  | 
 | 
   volume =       18, | 
  | 
 | 
   pages =        {115-134} | 
  | 
 | 
 } | 
  | 
 | 
  | 
  | 
| 997 | 
 @Article{mjn:99, | 
 @Article{mjn:99, | 
| 998 | 
   author =       {Marshall, J., Jamous, D and J. Nilsson}, | 
   author =       {Marshall, J., Jamous, D and J. Nilsson}, | 
| 999 | 
   title =        {Reconciling `thermodynamic' and `dynamic' methods of | 
   title =        {Reconciling `thermodynamic' and `dynamic' methods of | 
| 1018 | 
   author =       {Adcroft, A., Hill C. and J. Marshall}, | 
   author =       {Adcroft, A., Hill C. and J. Marshall}, | 
| 1019 | 
   title =        {A new treatment of the Coriolis terms in C-grid models | 
   title =        {A new treatment of the Coriolis terms in C-grid models | 
| 1020 | 
                   at both high and low resolutions}, | 
                   at both high and low resolutions}, | 
| 1021 | 
   journal =      {MWR}, | 
   journal =      mwr, | 
| 1022 | 
   year =         1999, | 
   year =         1999, | 
| 1023 | 
   volume =       127, | 
   volume =       127, | 
| 1024 | 
   pages =        {1928-1936} | 
   pages =        {1928-1936}, | 
| 1025 | 
  | 
   url   =        {http://mitgcm.org/pdfs/mwr_1999.pdf}, | 
| 1026 | 
  | 
   doi   =        {10.1175/1520-0493\%281999\%29127<1928:ANTOTC>2.0.CO;2}, | 
| 1027 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1028 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1029 | 
 @InProceedings{hill:99, | 
 @InProceedings{hill:99, | 
| 1038 | 
 @Article{wardle:00, | 
 @Article{wardle:00, | 
| 1039 | 
   author =       {Wardle R. and Marshall J.}, | 
   author =       {Wardle R. and Marshall J.}, | 
| 1040 | 
   title =        {Representation of eddies in primitive equation models by a PV flux}, | 
   title =        {Representation of eddies in primitive equation models by a PV flux}, | 
| 1041 | 
   journal =      {JPO}, | 
   journal =      jpo, | 
| 1042 | 
   year =         2000, | 
   year =         2000, | 
| 1043 | 
   volume =       30, | 
   volume =       30, | 
| 1044 | 
   number =       10, | 
   number =       10, | 
| 1055 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1056 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1057 | 
 @Article{adcroft:02, | 
 @Article{adcroft:02, | 
| 1058 | 
   author =       {Adcroft et al.}, | 
   author =       {Adcroft, A., et~al.}, | 
| 1059 | 
   title =        {Energy conversion in discrete numerical models}, | 
   title =        {Energy conversion in discrete numerical models}, | 
| 1060 | 
   journal =      om, | 
   journal =      om, | 
| 1061 | 
   year =         2002, | 
   year =         2002, | 
| 1073 | 
   volume =       17 | 
   volume =       17 | 
| 1074 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1075 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1076 | 
  | 
 @Article{miller_white:84, | 
| 1077 | 
  | 
   author =       {Miller, M. J. and White, A. A.}, | 
| 1078 | 
  | 
   title =        {On the non-hydrostatic equations in pressure | 
| 1079 | 
  | 
                   and sigma coordiantes}, | 
| 1080 | 
  | 
   journal =      qjrms, | 
| 1081 | 
  | 
   year =         1984, | 
| 1082 | 
  | 
   volume =       110, | 
| 1083 | 
  | 
   pages =        {515-533} | 
| 1084 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1085 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1086 | 
  | 
 @Article{white:89, | 
| 1087 | 
  | 
   author =       {White, A. A.}, | 
| 1088 | 
  | 
   title =        {An extended version of a nonhydrostatic, pressure coordiante model}, | 
| 1089 | 
  | 
   journal =      qjrms, | 
| 1090 | 
  | 
   year =         1989, | 
| 1091 | 
  | 
   volume =       115, | 
| 1092 | 
  | 
   pages =        {1243-1251} | 
| 1093 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1094 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1095 | 
 @Article{adcroft:98, | 
 @Article{adcroft:98, | 
| 1096 | 
   author =       {Adcroft, A. and Marshall, D.}, | 
   author =       {Adcroft, A. and Marshall, D.}, | 
| 1097 | 
   title =        {How slippery are piecewise-constant coastlines in numerical | 
   title =        {How slippery are piecewise-constant coastlines in numerical | 
| 1115 | 
   author =       {Griffies, S.,M. and Hallberg, R.,W.}, | 
   author =       {Griffies, S.,M. and Hallberg, R.,W.}, | 
| 1116 | 
   title =        {Biharmonic friction with a Smagorinsky-like viscosity for | 
   title =        {Biharmonic friction with a Smagorinsky-like viscosity for | 
| 1117 | 
                   use in large-scale eddy-permitting ocean models}, | 
                   use in large-scale eddy-permitting ocean models}, | 
| 1118 | 
   journal =      {MWR}, | 
   journal =      mwr, | 
| 1119 | 
   year =         2000, | 
   year =         2000, | 
| 1120 | 
   volume =       128, | 
   volume =       128, | 
| 1121 | 
   number =       8, | 
   number =       8, | 
| 1126 | 
   author =       {Wajsowicz, R.}, | 
   author =       {Wajsowicz, R.}, | 
| 1127 | 
   title =        {A CONSISTENT FORMULATION OF THE ANISOTROPIC STRESS TENSOR | 
   title =        {A CONSISTENT FORMULATION OF THE ANISOTROPIC STRESS TENSOR | 
| 1128 | 
                   FOR USE IN MODELS OF THE LARGE-SCALE OCEAN CIRCULATION}, | 
                   FOR USE IN MODELS OF THE LARGE-SCALE OCEAN CIRCULATION}, | 
| 1129 | 
   journal =      {JCP}, | 
   journal =      jcp, | 
| 1130 | 
   year =         1993, | 
   year =         1993, | 
| 1131 | 
   volume =       105, | 
   volume =       105, | 
| 1132 | 
   number =       2, | 
   number =       2, | 
| 1145 | 
 @Article{dm:95, | 
 @Article{dm:95, | 
| 1146 | 
   author =       {Danabasoglu, G. and McWilliams J.C.}, | 
   author =       {Danabasoglu, G. and McWilliams J.C.}, | 
| 1147 | 
   title =        {Sensitivity of the global ocean circulation to parameterizations of mesoscale tracer transports}, | 
   title =        {Sensitivity of the global ocean circulation to parameterizations of mesoscale tracer transports}, | 
| 1148 | 
   journal =      {JC}, | 
   journal =      jclim, | 
| 1149 | 
   year =         1995, | 
   year =         1995, | 
| 1150 | 
   volume =       8, | 
   volume =       8, | 
| 1151 | 
   number =       12, | 
   number =       12, | 
| 1155 | 
 @Article{ldd:97, | 
 @Article{ldd:97, | 
| 1156 | 
   author =       {Large, W.G. and Danabasoglu, G. and Doney, S.C. and McWilliams, J.C.}, | 
   author =       {Large, W.G. and Danabasoglu, G. and Doney, S.C. and McWilliams, J.C.}, | 
| 1157 | 
   title =        {Sensitivity to surface forcing and boundary layer mixing in a global ocean model: Annual-mean climatology}, | 
   title =        {Sensitivity to surface forcing and boundary layer mixing in a global ocean model: Annual-mean climatology}, | 
| 1158 | 
   journal =      {JPO}, | 
   journal =      jpo, | 
| 1159 | 
   year =         1997, | 
   year =         1997, | 
| 1160 | 
   volume =       27, | 
   volume =       27, | 
| 1161 | 
   number =       11, | 
   number =       11, | 
| 1166 | 
   author =       {Gerdes R. and Koberle C. and Beckmann A. and Herrmann P. and Willebrand J.}, | 
   author =       {Gerdes R. and Koberle C. and Beckmann A. and Herrmann P. and Willebrand J.}, | 
| 1167 | 
   title =        {Mechanisms for spreading of Mediterranean water in | 
   title =        {Mechanisms for spreading of Mediterranean water in | 
| 1168 | 
                   coarse-resolution numerical models}, | 
                   coarse-resolution numerical models}, | 
| 1169 | 
   journal =      {JPO}, | 
   journal =      jpo, | 
| 1170 | 
   year =         1999, | 
   year =         1999, | 
| 1171 | 
   volume =       29, | 
   volume =       29, | 
| 1172 | 
   number =       8, | 
   number =       8, | 
| 1197 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1198 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1199 | 
 @Article{molteni:03, | 
 @Article{molteni:03, | 
| 1200 | 
   author =       {K. M. Trenberth and J. Olson and W. G. Large}, | 
   author =       {F. Molteni}, | 
| 1201 | 
   title =        {Atmospheric simulations using a GCM with simplified physical | 
   title =        {Atmospheric simulations using a {GCM} with simplified physical | 
| 1202 | 
                   parametrization, I model climatology and variability in  | 
                   parametrization, {I}: Model climatology and variability in  | 
| 1203 | 
                   multidecadal experiments}, | 
                   multidecadal experiments}, | 
| 1204 | 
   journal =      climd, | 
   journal =      climd, | 
| 1205 | 
   year =         2003, | 
   year =         2003, | 
| 1208 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1209 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1210 | 
 @Article{jiang99, | 
 @Article{jiang99, | 
| 1211 | 
   author =       {Shi Jiang and Peter H. Stone and Paola | 
   author =       {S. Jiang and P. H. Stone and P. Malanotte-Rizzoli}, | 
 | 
                   Malanotte-Rizzoli}, | 
  | 
| 1212 | 
   title =        {An Assessment of the {G}eophysical {F}luid | 
   title =        {An Assessment of the {G}eophysical {F}luid | 
| 1213 | 
                   {D}ynamics {L}aboratory Ocean Model with Coarse | 
                   {D}ynamics {L}aboratory Ocean Model with Coarse | 
| 1214 | 
                   Resolution: Annual-Mean Climatology}, | 
                   Resolution: Annual-Mean Climatology}, | 
| 1269 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1270 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1271 | 
 @ARTICLE{zha98a, | 
 @ARTICLE{zha98a, | 
| 1272 | 
   AUTHOR      = "J. Zhang and W. D. {Hibler, III} and M. Steele | 
   AUTHOR      = "J. Zhang and Hibler, III, W. D. and M. Steele | 
| 1273 | 
                  and D. A. Rothrock", | 
                  and D. A. Rothrock", | 
| 1274 | 
   TITLE       = "Arctic ice-ocean modeling with and without climate restoring", | 
   TITLE       = "Arctic ice-ocean modeling with and without climate restoring", | 
| 1275 | 
   JOURNAL     = jpo, | 
   JOURNAL     = jpo, | 
| 1298 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1299 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1300 | 
 @ARTICLE{hib79,  | 
 @ARTICLE{hib79,  | 
| 1301 | 
   AUTHOR      = "W. D. {Hibler, III}",  | 
   author =       {Hibler, III, W. D.}, | 
| 1302 | 
   TITLE       = "A Dynamic Thermodynamic Sea Ice Model", | 
   TITLE       = "A Dynamic Thermodynamic Sea Ice Model", | 
| 1303 | 
   JOURNAL     = jpo, | 
   JOURNAL     = jpo, | 
| 1304 | 
   YEAR        = 1979, | 
   YEAR        = 1979, | 
| 1307 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1308 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1309 | 
 @ARTICLE{fla92, | 
 @ARTICLE{fla92, | 
| 1310 | 
   AUTHOR      = "G. M. Flato and W. D. {Hibler, III}", | 
   AUTHOR      = "G. M. Flato and Hibler, III, W. D.", | 
| 1311 | 
   TITLE       = "Modeling pack ice as a cavitating fluid", | 
   TITLE       = "Modeling pack ice as a cavitating fluid", | 
| 1312 | 
   JOURNAL     = jpo, | 
   JOURNAL     = jpo, | 
| 1313 | 
   YEAR        = 1992, | 
   YEAR        = 1992, | 
| 1343 | 
   pages =        {359--387}, | 
   pages =        {359--387}, | 
| 1344 | 
 } | 
 } | 
| 1345 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1346 | 
  | 
 @TechReport{Dutkiewicz_etal_05, | 
| 1347 | 
  | 
   author =       {S. Dutkiewicz and A. Sokolov and J. Scott and P. Stone}, | 
| 1348 | 
  | 
   title =        {A Three-Dimensional Ocean-Seaice-Carbon Cycle Model and  | 
| 1349 | 
  | 
                   its Coupling to a Two-Dimensional Atmospheric Model: Uses  | 
| 1350 | 
  | 
                   in Climate Change Studies, Report 122}, | 
| 1351 | 
  | 
   institution =  {MIT Joint Program of the Science and Policy of Global Change}, | 
| 1352 | 
  | 
   year =         {2005}, | 
| 1353 | 
  | 
   OPTnumber =    {122}, | 
| 1354 | 
  | 
   address =      {Cambridge, MA}, | 
| 1355 | 
  | 
   note =         {http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC\_Rpt122.pdf}, | 
| 1356 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1357 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1358 | 
  | 
 @Article{Follows_etal_05, | 
| 1359 | 
  | 
   author =       {M. Follows and T. Ito and S. Dutkiewicz}, | 
| 1360 | 
  | 
   title =        {A Compact and Accurate Carbonate Chemistry Solver for Ocean | 
| 1361 | 
  | 
                   Biogeochemistry Models}, | 
| 1362 | 
  | 
   journal =      {Ocean Modeling}, | 
| 1363 | 
  | 
   year =         {{in press}}, | 
| 1364 | 
  | 
   OPTkey =       {}, | 
| 1365 | 
  | 
   OPTvolume =    {}, | 
| 1366 | 
  | 
   OPTnumber =    {}, | 
| 1367 | 
  | 
   OPTpages =     {}, | 
| 1368 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1369 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1370 | 
  | 
 @Article{McKinley_etal_04, | 
| 1371 | 
  | 
   author =       {G. McKinley and M. J. Follows and J. C. Marshall}, | 
| 1372 | 
  | 
   title =        {Mechanisms of air-sea CO$_2$ flux variability in the  | 
| 1373 | 
  | 
                   Equatorial Pacific and the North Atlantic}, | 
| 1374 | 
  | 
   journal =      {Global Biogeochemical Cycles}, | 
| 1375 | 
  | 
   year =         {2004}, | 
| 1376 | 
  | 
   OPTkey =       {}, | 
| 1377 | 
  | 
   volume =       {18}, | 
| 1378 | 
  | 
   number =       {doi:10.1029/2003GB002179}, | 
| 1379 | 
  | 
   OPTpages =     {}, | 
| 1380 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1381 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1382 | 
  | 
 @TechReport{Trenberth_etal_89, | 
| 1383 | 
  | 
   author =       {K. Trenberth and J. Olson and W. Large}, | 
| 1384 | 
  | 
   title =        {A global wind stress climatology based on ECMWF analyses}, | 
| 1385 | 
  | 
   institution =  {NCAR}, | 
| 1386 | 
  | 
   year =         {1989}, | 
| 1387 | 
  | 
   OPTkey =       {}, | 
| 1388 | 
  | 
   OPTtype =      {}, | 
| 1389 | 
  | 
   number =       {NCAR/TN-338+STR}, | 
| 1390 | 
  | 
   address =      {Boulder, CO}, | 
| 1391 | 
  | 
   OPTmonth =     {}, | 
| 1392 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1393 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1394 | 
  | 
 @Article{Wanninkhof_92, | 
| 1395 | 
  | 
   author =       {R. Wanninkhof}, | 
| 1396 | 
  | 
   title =        {Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean}, | 
| 1397 | 
  | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 1398 | 
  | 
   year =         {1992}, | 
| 1399 | 
  | 
   OPTkey =       {}, | 
| 1400 | 
  | 
   volume =       {97}, | 
| 1401 | 
  | 
   OPTnumber =    {}, | 
| 1402 | 
  | 
   pages =        {7373--7382}, | 
| 1403 | 
  | 
   OPTmonth =     {}, | 
| 1404 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1405 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1406 | 
  | 
 @incollection{black:77, | 
| 1407 | 
  | 
  author       = {A. K. Blackadar}, | 
| 1408 | 
  | 
  year         = {1977}, | 
| 1409 | 
  | 
  title        = {High Resolution Models of the Planetary Boundary Layer.}, | 
| 1410 | 
  | 
  booktitle    = {Advances in Environmental Science and Engineering, Vol 1 } , | 
| 1411 | 
  | 
  editor       = {Pfafflin and Zeigler}, | 
| 1412 | 
  | 
  publisher    = {Gordon and Breach, Scientific Publishers} | 
| 1413 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1414 | 
  | 
   | 
| 1415 | 
  | 
 @Article{chou:92, | 
| 1416 | 
  | 
  author       = {M-D. Chou}, | 
| 1417 | 
  | 
  year         = {1992}, | 
| 1418 | 
  | 
  title        = {A solar radiation model for use in climate studies.}, | 
| 1419 | 
  | 
  journal      = jas,  | 
| 1420 | 
  | 
  volume       = {49}, | 
| 1421 | 
  | 
  pages        = {762-772} | 
| 1422 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1423 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1424 | 
  | 
 @Article{chou:90, | 
| 1425 | 
  | 
  author       = {M-D. Chou}, | 
| 1426 | 
  | 
  year         = {1990}, | 
| 1427 | 
  | 
  title        = {Parameterizations for the absorption of solar radiation | 
| 1428 | 
  | 
                    by O$_2$ and CO$_2$ with applications to climate studies.}, | 
| 1429 | 
  | 
  journal      = jclim, | 
| 1430 | 
  | 
  volume       = {3}, | 
| 1431 | 
  | 
  pages        = {209-217} | 
| 1432 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1433 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1434 | 
  | 
 @techreport{chsz:94, | 
| 1435 | 
  | 
  author       = {M.-D. Chou and M.J.Suarez}, | 
| 1436 | 
  | 
  year         = {1994}, | 
| 1437 | 
  | 
  title        = {An efficient thermal infrared radiation parameterization | 
| 1438 | 
  | 
 for use in general circulation models}, | 
| 1439 | 
  | 
  institution  = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration},  | 
| 1440 | 
  | 
  type         = {NASA Technical Memorandum},  | 
| 1441 | 
  | 
  number       = {104606-Vol 3},  | 
| 1442 | 
  | 
  address      = {NASA; Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt (MD), 20771; USA}, | 
| 1443 | 
  | 
  note         = {http://www.gmao.nasa.gov/} | 
| 1444 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1445 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1446 | 
  | 
 @Article{clarke:70, | 
| 1447 | 
  | 
  author       = {R. H. Clarke}, | 
| 1448 | 
  | 
  year         = {1970}, | 
| 1449 | 
  | 
  title        = {Observational studies in the atmospheric boundary layer.}, | 
| 1450 | 
  | 
  journal      = qjrms,  | 
| 1451 | 
  | 
  volume       = {96}, | 
| 1452 | 
  | 
  pages        = {91-114} | 
| 1453 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1454 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1455 | 
  | 
 @Article{deftow:94, | 
| 1456 | 
  | 
  author       = { R. S. Defries and J. R. G. Townshend}, | 
| 1457 | 
  | 
  year         = {1994}, | 
| 1458 | 
  | 
  title        = {NDVI-derived Land Cover Classification at Global Scales. }, | 
| 1459 | 
  | 
  journal      = {Int'l J. Rem. Sens.} , | 
| 1460 | 
  | 
  volume       = {15}, | 
| 1461 | 
  | 
  pages        = {3567-3586}  | 
| 1462 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1463 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1464 | 
  | 
 @Article{dorsell:89, | 
| 1465 | 
  | 
  author       = { J. L. Dorman and P. J. Sellers}, | 
| 1466 | 
  | 
  year         = {1989}, | 
| 1467 | 
  | 
  title        = {A global climatology of albedo, roughness length and stomatal  | 
| 1468 | 
  | 
 resistance for atmospheric general circulation models as represented by the Simple Biosphere model (SiB).}, | 
| 1469 | 
  | 
  journal      = jam,  | 
| 1470 | 
  | 
  volume       = {28}, | 
| 1471 | 
  | 
  pages        = {833-855} | 
| 1472 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1473 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1474 | 
  | 
 @Article{helflab:88, | 
| 1475 | 
  | 
  author       = { H. M. Helfand and J. C. Labraga}, | 
| 1476 | 
  | 
  year         = {1988}, | 
| 1477 | 
  | 
  title        = { Design of a non-singular level 2.5 second-order closure | 
| 1478 | 
  | 
 model for the prediction of atmospheric turbulence. }, | 
| 1479 | 
  | 
  journal      = jas,  | 
| 1480 | 
  | 
  volume       = {45}, | 
| 1481 | 
  | 
  pages        = {113-132} | 
| 1482 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1483 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1484 | 
  | 
 @inproceedings{helfetal:91, | 
| 1485 | 
  | 
  author       = {H. M. Helfand and M. Fox-Rabinovitz and L. Takacs and A. Molod}, | 
| 1486 | 
  | 
  year         = {1991}, | 
| 1487 | 
  | 
  title        = {Simulation of the planetary boundary layer and turbulence in the GLA GCM}, | 
| 1488 | 
  | 
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the AMS Ninth Conference on Numerical Weather Predicition}, | 
| 1489 | 
  | 
  year         = 1991, | 
| 1490 | 
  | 
  pages        = {406-425}, | 
| 1491 | 
  | 
  publisher    = {American Meteorological Society} | 
| 1492 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1493 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1494 | 
  | 
 @Article{helfschu:95, | 
| 1495 | 
  | 
  author       = {H. M. Helfand and S. D. Schubert}, | 
| 1496 | 
  | 
  year         = {1995}, | 
| 1497 | 
  | 
  title        = { Climatology of the | 
| 1498 | 
  | 
 Simulated Great Plains Low-Level Jet and Its contribution to the | 
| 1499 | 
  | 
 Continental Moisture Budget of the United States. }, | 
| 1500 | 
  | 
  journal      = jclim, | 
| 1501 | 
  | 
  volume       = {8}, | 
| 1502 | 
  | 
  pages        = {784-806} | 
| 1503 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1504 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1505 | 
  | 
 @Article{kondo:75, | 
| 1506 | 
  | 
  author       = {J. Kondo}, | 
| 1507 | 
  | 
  year         = {1975}, | 
| 1508 | 
  | 
  title        = {Air-sea bulk transfer coefficients in diabatic conditions.}, | 
| 1509 | 
  | 
  journal      = blm,  | 
| 1510 | 
  | 
  volume       = {9}, | 
| 1511 | 
  | 
  pages        = {91-112} | 
| 1512 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1513 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1514 | 
  | 
 @techreport{ks:91, | 
| 1515 | 
  | 
  author       = { Randal D. Koster and Max J. Suarez}, | 
| 1516 | 
  | 
  year         = {1991}, | 
| 1517 | 
  | 
  title        = { A Simplified Treatment of SiB's Land Surface Albedo Parameterization.}, | 
| 1518 | 
  | 
  institution  = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration},  | 
| 1519 | 
  | 
  type         = {NASA Technical Memorandum},  | 
| 1520 | 
  | 
  number       = {104538},  | 
| 1521 | 
  | 
  address      = {NASA; Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt (MD), 20771; USA}, | 
| 1522 | 
  | 
  note         = {http://www.gmao.nasa.gov/}, | 
| 1523 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1524 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1525 | 
  | 
 @Article{ks:92, | 
| 1526 | 
  | 
  author       = { Randal D. Koster and Max J. Suarez}, | 
| 1527 | 
  | 
  year         = {1992}, | 
| 1528 | 
  | 
  title        = { Modeling the Land Surface Boundary | 
| 1529 | 
  | 
 in Climate Models as a Composite of Independent Vegetation Stands.}, | 
| 1530 | 
  | 
  journal      = jgr, | 
| 1531 | 
  | 
  volume       = {97}, | 
| 1532 | 
  | 
  pages        = {2697-2715} | 
| 1533 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1534 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1535 | 
  | 
 @Article{lhans:74, | 
| 1536 | 
  | 
  author       = {A. A. Lacis and J. E. Hansen}, | 
| 1537 | 
  | 
  year         = {1974}, | 
| 1538 | 
  | 
  title        = { A parameterization for the absorption of solar radiation | 
| 1539 | 
  | 
 in the Earth's atmosphere.  }, | 
| 1540 | 
  | 
  journal      = jas,  | 
| 1541 | 
  | 
  volume       = {31}, | 
| 1542 | 
  | 
  pages        = {118-133} | 
| 1543 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1544 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1545 | 
  | 
 @Article{larpond:81, | 
| 1546 | 
  | 
  author       = {W. G. Large and S. Pond}, | 
| 1547 | 
  | 
  year         = {1981}, | 
| 1548 | 
  | 
  title        = {Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds.}, | 
| 1549 | 
  | 
  journal      = jpo,  | 
| 1550 | 
  | 
  volume       = {11}, | 
| 1551 | 
  | 
  pages        = {324-336} | 
| 1552 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1553 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1554 | 
  | 
 @Article{moorsz:92, | 
| 1555 | 
  | 
  author       = {S. Moorthi and M. J. Suarez}, | 
| 1556 | 
  | 
  year         = {1992}, | 
| 1557 | 
  | 
  title        = {  Relaxed Arakawa Schubert: A parameterization of moist | 
| 1558 | 
  | 
 convection for general circulation models.}, | 
| 1559 | 
  | 
  journal      = mwr,  | 
| 1560 | 
  | 
  volume       = {120}, | 
| 1561 | 
  | 
  pages        = {978-1002} | 
| 1562 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1563 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1564 | 
  | 
 @incollection{pano:73, | 
| 1565 | 
  | 
  author       = {H. A. Panofsky}, | 
| 1566 | 
  | 
  year         = {1973}, | 
| 1567 | 
  | 
  title        = {Tower Micrometeorology. }, | 
| 1568 | 
  | 
  booktitle    = {Workshop on Micrometeorology}, | 
| 1569 | 
  | 
  editor       = {D. A. Haugen}, | 
| 1570 | 
  | 
  publisher    = {American Meteorological Society} | 
| 1571 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1572 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1573 | 
  | 
 @Article{reynetal:94, | 
| 1574 | 
  | 
  author       = {R. W. Reynolds and T. M. Smith}, | 
| 1575 | 
  | 
  year         = {1994}, | 
| 1576 | 
  | 
  title        = {Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation.}, | 
| 1577 | 
  | 
  journal      = jclim,  | 
| 1578 | 
  | 
  volume       = {7}, | 
| 1579 | 
  | 
  pages        = {929-948} | 
| 1580 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1581 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1582 | 
  | 
 @Article{rosen:87, | 
| 1583 | 
  | 
  author       = {J. E. Rosenfield and M. R. Schoeberl and M. A. Geller}, | 
| 1584 | 
  | 
  year         = {1987}, | 
| 1585 | 
  | 
  title        = {  A computation of the stratospheric | 
| 1586 | 
  | 
 diabatic circulation using an accurate radiative transfer model}, | 
| 1587 | 
  | 
  journal      = jas,  | 
| 1588 | 
  | 
  volume       = {44}, | 
| 1589 | 
  | 
  pages        = {859-876} | 
| 1590 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1591 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1592 | 
  | 
 @Article{sudm:88, | 
| 1593 | 
  | 
  author       = {Y. C. Sud and A. Molod}, | 
| 1594 | 
  | 
  year         = {1988}, | 
| 1595 | 
  | 
  title        = {  The roles of dry convection, cloud-radiation feedback processes | 
| 1596 | 
  | 
 and the influence of recent improvements in the parameterization of convection in the GLA GCM.  }, | 
| 1597 | 
  | 
  journal      = mwr,  | 
| 1598 | 
  | 
  volume       = {116}, | 
| 1599 | 
  | 
  pages        = {2366-2387} | 
| 1600 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1601 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1602 | 
  | 
 @techreport{taksz:96, | 
| 1603 | 
  | 
  author       = {L. L. Takacs and M.J. Suarez}, | 
| 1604 | 
  | 
  year         = {1996}, | 
| 1605 | 
  | 
  title        = {  Dynamical aspects of climate simulations Using the GEOS | 
| 1606 | 
  | 
 General Circulation Model}, | 
| 1607 | 
  | 
  institution  = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration},  | 
| 1608 | 
  | 
  type         = {NASA Technical Memorandum},  | 
| 1609 | 
  | 
  number       = {104606 Volume 10},  | 
| 1610 | 
  | 
  address      = {NASA; Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt (MD), 20771; USA}, | 
| 1611 | 
  | 
  note         = {http://www.gmao.nasa.gov/}, | 
| 1612 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1613 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1614 | 
  | 
 @Article{yagkad:74, | 
| 1615 | 
  | 
  author       = {A. M. Yaglom and B. A. Kader}, | 
| 1616 | 
  | 
  year         = {1974}, | 
| 1617 | 
  | 
  title        = {Heat and mass transfer between a rough wall and | 
| 1618 | 
  | 
 turbulent fluid flow at high Reynolds and Peclet numbers.  }, | 
| 1619 | 
  | 
  journal      = jfm,  | 
| 1620 | 
  | 
  volume       = {62}, | 
| 1621 | 
  | 
  pages        = {601-623} | 
| 1622 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1623 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1624 | 
  | 
 @Article{yam:77, | 
| 1625 | 
  | 
  author       = {T. Yamada}, | 
| 1626 | 
  | 
  year         = {1977}, | 
| 1627 | 
  | 
  title        = {  A numerical experiment on pollutant dispersion in a horizontally-homogenious | 
| 1628 | 
  | 
 atmospheric boundary layer.}, | 
| 1629 | 
  | 
  journal      = {Atmos. Environ.},  | 
| 1630 | 
  | 
  volume       = {11}, | 
| 1631 | 
  | 
  pages        = {1015-1024} | 
| 1632 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1633 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1634 | 
  | 
 @Article{zhouetal:95, | 
| 1635 | 
  | 
  author       = {J. Zhou and Y.C. Sud and K.-M. Lau}, | 
| 1636 | 
  | 
  year         = {1995}, | 
| 1637 | 
  | 
  title        = {Impact of Orographically Induced Gravity Wave Drag in the GLA GCM}, | 
| 1638 | 
  | 
  journal      = qjrms,  | 
| 1639 | 
  | 
  volume       = {122}, | 
| 1640 | 
  | 
  pages        = {903-927} | 
| 1641 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1642 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1643 | 
  | 
 @Article{breth:99, | 
| 1644 | 
  | 
  author         = {C. S. Bretherton and M.K. MacVean and P. Bechtold and A. Chlond  | 
| 1645 | 
  | 
                    and W.R. Cotton and J. Cuxart and H. Cuijpers and M. Khairoutdinov  | 
| 1646 | 
  | 
                    and B. Kosovic and D. Lewellen and C-H. Moeng and P. Siebesma and  | 
| 1647 | 
  | 
                    B. Stevens and D.E. Stevens and I. Sykes and M.C. Wyant},  | 
| 1648 | 
  | 
  year           = 1999, | 
| 1649 | 
  | 
  title          = {An intercomparison of radiatively driven entrainment and turbulence  | 
| 1650 | 
  | 
                   in a smoke cloud, as simulated by different numerical models.},  | 
| 1651 | 
  | 
  journal        = qjrms, | 
| 1652 | 
  | 
  volume         = {125},  | 
| 1653 | 
  | 
  pages          = {391-423} | 
| 1654 | 
  | 
                   } | 
| 1655 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1656 | 
  | 
 @Article{bm:99, | 
| 1657 | 
  | 
  author         = {A. C. Bushell and G.M. Martin},  | 
| 1658 | 
  | 
  year           = 1999, | 
| 1659 | 
  | 
  title          = {The Impact of Vertical Resolution Upon GCM Simulations of Marine Stratocumulus.},  | 
| 1660 | 
  | 
  journal        = {Climate Dyn.},  | 
| 1661 | 
  | 
  volume         = {15},  | 
| 1662 | 
  | 
  pages          = {293-318} | 
| 1663 | 
  | 
                   } | 
| 1664 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1665 | 
  | 
 @Article{Inn:01, | 
| 1666 | 
  | 
  author         = {P. M. Inness and S.J. Slingo and R.B. Woolnough and B. Neale and V.D. Pope},  | 
| 1667 | 
  | 
  year           = 2001, | 
| 1668 | 
  | 
  title          = {Organization of Tropical Convection in a GCM with Verying Vertical Resolution; | 
| 1669 | 
  | 
                   Implications for the Simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation.}, | 
| 1670 | 
  | 
  journal        = {Climate Dyn.},  | 
| 1671 | 
  | 
  volume         = {17},  | 
| 1672 | 
  | 
  pages          = {777-794} | 
| 1673 | 
  | 
                   } | 
| 1674 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1675 | 
  | 
 @Article{kal:89, | 
| 1676 | 
  | 
  author         = {E. Kalnay and M. Kanamitsu and J. Pfaendtner and J. Sela and M. Suarez and  | 
| 1677 | 
  | 
                    J. Stackpole and J. Tucillo and L. Umscheid and and D. Williamson},  | 
| 1678 | 
  | 
  year           = 1989, | 
| 1679 | 
  | 
  title          = {Rules for Interchange of Physical Parameterizations.},  | 
| 1680 | 
  | 
  journal        = bams,  | 
| 1681 | 
  | 
  volume         = {70},  | 
| 1682 | 
  | 
  pages          = {620-622} | 
| 1683 | 
  | 
                   } | 
| 1684 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1685 | 
  | 
 @Article{wo:98, | 
| 1686 | 
  | 
  author         = {D. Williamson and J.G. Olsen},  | 
| 1687 | 
  | 
  year           = 1998, | 
| 1688 | 
  | 
  title          = {A Comparison of Semi-Langrangian and Eulerian Polar Climate Simulations.}, | 
| 1689 | 
  | 
  journal        = mwr,  | 
| 1690 | 
  | 
  volume         = {126},  | 
| 1691 | 
  | 
  pages          = {991-1000} | 
| 1692 | 
  | 
                   } | 
| 1693 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1694 | 
  | 
 @TechReport{MPI-std-20, | 
| 1695 | 
  | 
   author =       {{Message Passing Interface Forum}}, | 
| 1696 | 
  | 
   title =        {{MPI}: A Message-Passing Interface standard (version 2.0)}, | 
| 1697 | 
  | 
   institution =  {mpi-forum.org}, | 
| 1698 | 
  | 
   year =         {1998}, | 
| 1699 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1700 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1701 | 
  | 
 @Article{cam08, | 
| 1702 | 
  | 
   author =       {Jean-Michel Campin and John Marshall and David | 
| 1703 | 
  | 
                   Ferreira}, | 
| 1704 | 
  | 
   title =        {Sea-Ice Ocean Coupling Using a Rescaled Vertical | 
| 1705 | 
  | 
                   Coordinate z$^\ast$}, | 
| 1706 | 
  | 
   journal =      om, | 
| 1707 | 
  | 
   volume =       24, | 
| 1708 | 
  | 
   number =       {1--2}, | 
| 1709 | 
  | 
   pages =        {1--14}, | 
| 1710 | 
  | 
   doi =          {10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.05.005}, | 
| 1711 | 
  | 
   year =         2008 | 
| 1712 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1713 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1714 | 
  | 
 @Article{geiger98, | 
| 1715 | 
  | 
   author =       {Cathleen A. Geiger and Hibler, III, William D. and | 
| 1716 | 
  | 
                   Stephen F. Ackley}, | 
| 1717 | 
  | 
   title =        {Large-Scale Sea Ice Drift and Deformation: | 
| 1718 | 
  | 
                   {C}omparison between Models and Observations in the | 
| 1719 | 
  | 
                   Western {W}eddell {S}ea during 1992}, | 
| 1720 | 
  | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 1721 | 
  | 
   year =         1998, | 
| 1722 | 
  | 
   volume =       103, | 
| 1723 | 
  | 
   number =       {C10}, | 
| 1724 | 
  | 
   pages =        {21893--21913} | 
| 1725 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1726 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1727 | 
  | 
 @InCollection{hibler84, | 
| 1728 | 
  | 
   author =       {Hibler, III, William D.}, | 
| 1729 | 
  | 
   title =        {The role of sea ice dynamics in modeling CO{$_2$} | 
| 1730 | 
  | 
                   increases}, | 
| 1731 | 
  | 
   booktitle =    {Climate processes and climate sensitivity}, | 
| 1732 | 
  | 
   pages =        {238--253}, | 
| 1733 | 
  | 
   publisher =    {AGU}, | 
| 1734 | 
  | 
   year =         1984, | 
| 1735 | 
  | 
   editor =       {J. E. Hansen and T. Takahashi}, | 
| 1736 | 
  | 
   volume =       29, | 
| 1737 | 
  | 
   series =       {Geophysical Monograph}, | 
| 1738 | 
  | 
   address =      {Washington, D.C.} | 
| 1739 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1740 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1741 | 
  | 
 @Article{hibler87, | 
| 1742 | 
  | 
   author =       {Hibler, III, William D. and Kirk Bryan}, | 
| 1743 | 
  | 
   title =        {A Diagnostic Ice-Ocean Model}, | 
| 1744 | 
  | 
   journal =      jpo, | 
| 1745 | 
  | 
   year =         1987, | 
| 1746 | 
  | 
   volume =       17, | 
| 1747 | 
  | 
   number =       7, | 
| 1748 | 
  | 
   pages =        {987--1015} | 
| 1749 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1750 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1751 | 
  | 
 @InCollection{hibler95, | 
| 1752 | 
  | 
   author =       {Hibler, III, William D. and Chi F. Ip}, | 
| 1753 | 
  | 
   title =        {The effect of sea ice rheology on {A}rcitc buoy | 
| 1754 | 
  | 
                   drift}, | 
| 1755 | 
  | 
   booktitle =    {Ice Mechanics}, | 
| 1756 | 
  | 
   pages =        {255--264}, | 
| 1757 | 
  | 
   publisher =    {Am. Soc. of Mech. Eng.}, | 
| 1758 | 
  | 
   year =         1995, | 
| 1759 | 
  | 
   editor =       {John P. Dempsey and Y. D. S. Rajapakse}, | 
| 1760 | 
  | 
   volume =       204, | 
| 1761 | 
  | 
   series =       {AMD}, | 
| 1762 | 
  | 
   address =      {New York} | 
| 1763 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1764 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1765 | 
  | 
 @Article{hibler97, | 
| 1766 | 
  | 
   author =       {Hibler, III, William D. and Erland M. Schulson}, | 
| 1767 | 
  | 
   title =        {On Modeling Sea-Ice Fracture and Flow in Numerical | 
| 1768 | 
  | 
                   Investigations of Climate}, | 
| 1769 | 
  | 
   journal =      angl, | 
| 1770 | 
  | 
   year =         1997, | 
| 1771 | 
  | 
   volume =       25, | 
| 1772 | 
  | 
   pages =        {26--32} | 
| 1773 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1774 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1775 | 
  | 
 @Article{hundsdorfer94, | 
| 1776 | 
  | 
   author =       {Willem Hundsdorfer and R. A. Trompert}, | 
| 1777 | 
  | 
   title =        {Method of Lines and Direct Discretization: a | 
| 1778 | 
  | 
                   Comparison for Linear Advection}, | 
| 1779 | 
  | 
   journal =      {Applied Numerical Mathematics}, | 
| 1780 | 
  | 
   year =         1994, | 
| 1781 | 
  | 
   volume =       13, | 
| 1782 | 
  | 
   number =       6, | 
| 1783 | 
  | 
   pages =        {469--490}, | 
| 1784 | 
  | 
   doi =          {10.1016/0168-9274(94)90009-4} | 
| 1785 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1786 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1787 | 
  | 
 @Article{leppaeranta83, | 
| 1788 | 
  | 
   author =       {Matti Lepp{\"a}ranta}, | 
| 1789 | 
  | 
   title =        {A Growth Model for Black Ice, Snow Ican and Snow | 
| 1790 | 
  | 
                   Thickness in Subarctic Basins}, | 
| 1791 | 
  | 
   journal =      {Nordic Hydrology}, | 
| 1792 | 
  | 
   year =         1983, | 
| 1793 | 
  | 
   volume =       14, | 
| 1794 | 
  | 
   pages =        {59--70} | 
| 1795 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1796 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1797 | 
  | 
 @Article{manabe79, | 
| 1798 | 
  | 
   author =       {S. Manabe and Kirk Bryan and M. J. Spelman}, | 
| 1799 | 
  | 
   title =        {A Global Ocean-Atmosphere Climate Model with Seasonal | 
| 1800 | 
  | 
                   Variation for Future Studies of Climate Sensitivity}, | 
| 1801 | 
  | 
   journal =      dao, | 
| 1802 | 
  | 
   year =         1979, | 
| 1803 | 
  | 
   volume =       3, | 
| 1804 | 
  | 
   number =       {393--426} | 
| 1805 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1806 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1807 | 
  | 
 @ARTICLE{menemenlis05, | 
| 1808 | 
  | 
   author =       {D. Menemenlis and C. Hill and A. Adcroft and | 
| 1809 | 
  | 
                   J.-M. Campin and B. Cheng and B. Ciotti and | 
| 1810 | 
  | 
                   I. Fukumori and A. Koehl and P. Heimbach and | 
| 1811 | 
  | 
                   C. Henze and T. Lee and D. Stammer and J. Taft and | 
| 1812 | 
  | 
                   J. Zhang}, | 
| 1813 | 
  | 
   title =        {{NASA} Supercomputer Improves Prospects for Ocean | 
| 1814 | 
  | 
                   Climate Research}, | 
| 1815 | 
  | 
   journal =      eos, | 
| 1816 | 
  | 
   year =         2005, | 
| 1817 | 
  | 
   volume =       86, | 
| 1818 | 
  | 
   number =       9, | 
| 1819 | 
  | 
   pages =        {89, 95--96} | 
| 1820 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1821 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1822 | 
  | 
 @Article{parkinson79, | 
| 1823 | 
  | 
   author =       {{Parkinson}, Claire~L. and {Washington}, Warren~M.}, | 
| 1824 | 
  | 
   title =        "{A Large-Scale Numerical Model of Sea Ice}", | 
| 1825 | 
  | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 1826 | 
  | 
   year =         1979, | 
| 1827 | 
  | 
   month =        jan, | 
| 1828 | 
  | 
   volume =       84, | 
| 1829 | 
  | 
   number =       {C1}, | 
| 1830 | 
  | 
   pages =        {311--337}, | 
| 1831 | 
  | 
   adsurl =       {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1979JGR....84..311P&db_key=PHY}, | 
| 1832 | 
  | 
   adsnote =      {Provided by the Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data | 
| 1833 | 
  | 
                   System} | 
| 1834 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1835 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1836 | 
  | 
 @Article{semtner84, | 
| 1837 | 
  | 
   author =       {Semtner, Jr., Albert J.}, | 
| 1838 | 
  | 
   title =        {On Modelling the Seasonal Thermodynamic Cycle of Sea | 
| 1839 | 
  | 
                   Ice in Studies of Climatic Change}, | 
| 1840 | 
  | 
   journal =      cch, | 
| 1841 | 
  | 
   year =         1984, | 
| 1842 | 
  | 
   volume =       6, | 
| 1843 | 
  | 
   number =       1, | 
| 1844 | 
  | 
   pages =        {27--37} | 
| 1845 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1846 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1847 | 
  | 
 @Article{zhang97, | 
| 1848 | 
  | 
   author =       {Jinlun Zhang and Hibler, III, William D.}, | 
| 1849 | 
  | 
   title =        {On an Efficient Numerical Method for Modeling Sea Ice Dynamics}, | 
| 1850 | 
  | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 1851 | 
  | 
   year =         1997, | 
| 1852 | 
  | 
   volume =       102, | 
| 1853 | 
  | 
   number =       {C4}, | 
| 1854 | 
  | 
   pages =        {8691--8702} | 
| 1855 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1856 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1857 | 
  | 
 @Article{zhang03, | 
| 1858 | 
  | 
   author =       {Jinlun Zhang and Drew A. Rothrock}, | 
| 1859 | 
  | 
   title =        {Modeling Global Sea Ice with a Thickness and | 
| 1860 | 
  | 
                   Enthalpy Distribution Model in Generalized | 
| 1861 | 
  | 
                   Curvilinear Coordinates}, | 
| 1862 | 
  | 
   journal =      mwr, | 
| 1863 | 
  | 
   year =         2003, | 
| 1864 | 
  | 
   volume =       131, | 
| 1865 | 
  | 
   number =       5, | 
| 1866 | 
  | 
   pages =        {845--861} | 
| 1867 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1868 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1869 | 
  | 
 @Article{beckmann99, | 
| 1870 | 
  | 
   author =       {Aike Beckmann and Hartmut H. Hellmer and Ralph | 
| 1871 | 
  | 
                   Timmermann}, | 
| 1872 | 
  | 
   title =        {A Numerical Model of the {W}eddell {S}ea: | 
| 1873 | 
  | 
                   Large-Scale Circulation and Water Mass Distribution}, | 
| 1874 | 
  | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 1875 | 
  | 
   year =         1999, | 
| 1876 | 
  | 
   volume =       104, | 
| 1877 | 
  | 
   number =       {C10}, | 
| 1878 | 
  | 
   pages =        {23,375--23,392} | 
| 1879 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1880 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1881 | 
  | 
 @Article{grosfeld97, | 
| 1882 | 
  | 
   author =       {Klaus Grosfeld and R{\"u}diger Gerdes and J{\"u}rgen | 
| 1883 | 
  | 
                   Determann}, | 
| 1884 | 
  | 
   title =        {Thermohaline Circulation and Interaction between Ice | 
| 1885 | 
  | 
                   Shelf Cavities and the Adjacent Open Water}, | 
| 1886 | 
  | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 1887 | 
  | 
   year =         1997, | 
| 1888 | 
  | 
   volume =       102, | 
| 1889 | 
  | 
   number =       {C7}, | 
| 1890 | 
  | 
   pages =        {15,595--15,610} | 
| 1891 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1892 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1893 | 
  | 
 @Article{hellmer89, | 
| 1894 | 
  | 
   author =       {Hartmut H. Hellmer and Dirk J. Olbers}, | 
| 1895 | 
  | 
   title =        {A Two-Dimensional Model of the Thermohaline | 
| 1896 | 
  | 
                   Circulation Under an Ice Shelf}, | 
| 1897 | 
  | 
   journal =      {Antarct. Sci.}, | 
| 1898 | 
  | 
   year =         1989, | 
| 1899 | 
  | 
   volume =       1, | 
| 1900 | 
  | 
   pages =        {325--336} | 
| 1901 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1902 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1903 | 
  | 
 @Article{holland99, | 
| 1904 | 
  | 
   author =       {David M. Holland and Adrian Jenkins}, | 
| 1905 | 
  | 
   title =        {Modeling Thermodynamic Ice-Ocean Interactions at the | 
| 1906 | 
  | 
                   Base of an Ice Shelf}, | 
| 1907 | 
  | 
   journal =      jpo, | 
| 1908 | 
  | 
   year =         1999, | 
| 1909 | 
  | 
   volume =       29, | 
| 1910 | 
  | 
   number =       8, | 
| 1911 | 
  | 
   pages =        {1787--1800} | 
| 1912 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1913 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1914 | 
  | 
 @Article{jenkins01, | 
| 1915 | 
  | 
   author =       {Adrian Jenkins and Hartmut H. Hellmer and David | 
| 1916 | 
  | 
                   M. Holland}, | 
| 1917 | 
  | 
   title =        {The Role of Meltwater Advection in the Formulation | 
| 1918 | 
  | 
                   of Conservative Boundary Conditions at an Ice-Ocean | 
| 1919 | 
  | 
                   Interface}, | 
| 1920 | 
  | 
   journal =      jpo, | 
| 1921 | 
  | 
   year =         2001, | 
| 1922 | 
  | 
   volume =       31, | 
| 1923 | 
  | 
   pages =        {285--296}} | 
| 1924 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1925 | 
  | 
 @Article{losch08, | 
| 1926 | 
  | 
   author =       {Martin Losch}, | 
| 1927 | 
  | 
   title =        {Modeling Ice Shelf Cavities in a z-Coordinate Ocean | 
| 1928 | 
  | 
                   General Circulation Model}, | 
| 1929 | 
  | 
   journal =      jgr, | 
| 1930 | 
  | 
   year =         2008, | 
| 1931 | 
  | 
   volume =       113, | 
| 1932 | 
  | 
   number =       {C08043}, | 
| 1933 | 
  | 
   doi =          {10.1029/2007JC004368} | 
| 1934 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1935 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1936 | 
  | 
 @Article{Dutay02, | 
| 1937 | 
  | 
  author         = {Dutay, J.-C. and J.L. Bullister and S.C. Doney and J.C. Orr | 
| 1938 | 
  | 
     and R. Najjar and K. Caldeira and J.-M. Campin and H. Drange and M. Follows | 
| 1939 | 
  | 
     and Y. Gao and N. Gruber and M.W. Hecht and A. Ishida and F. Joos and K. Lindsay | 
| 1940 | 
  | 
     and G. Madec and E. Maier-Reimer and J.C. Marshall and R.J. Matear and P. Monfray | 
| 1941 | 
  | 
     and A. Mouchet and G.-K. Plattner and J. sarmiento and R. Schlitzer and R. Slater | 
| 1942 | 
  | 
     and I.J. Totterdell and M.-F. Weirig and Y. Yammanaka and A. Yool}, | 
| 1943 | 
  | 
  year           = 2002, | 
| 1944 | 
  | 
  title          = {Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: | 
| 1945 | 
  | 
                    comparison of 13 global ocean models}, | 
| 1946 | 
  | 
  journal        = om, | 
| 1947 | 
  | 
  volume         = {4},          number= {},             month   = {}, | 
| 1948 | 
  | 
  pages          = {89-120} | 
| 1949 | 
  | 
                 } | 
| 1950 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1951 | 
  | 
 @Article{marsh06, | 
| 1952 | 
  | 
  author         = {Marshall, John and Emily Shuckburgh and Helen Jones and Chris Hill},  | 
| 1953 | 
  | 
  year           = 2006, | 
| 1954 | 
  | 
  title          = {Estimates and Implications of Surface Eddy Diffusivity  | 
| 1955 | 
  | 
                    in the Southern Ocean Derived from Tracer Transport}, | 
| 1956 | 
  | 
  journal        = jpo, | 
| 1957 | 
  | 
  volume         = {36},          number= {},             month   = {}, | 
| 1958 | 
  | 
  pages          = {1806-1821} | 
| 1959 | 
  | 
                 } | 
| 1960 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1961 | 
  | 
 @InProceedings{hoe-hill:99, | 
| 1962 | 
  | 
   author =       {Hoe, James C. and Chris Hill and Alistair Adcroft}, | 
| 1963 | 
  | 
   title =        {A Personal Supercomputer for Climate Research}, | 
| 1964 | 
  | 
   booktitle =    {In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Super-Computing Confrence}, | 
| 1965 | 
  | 
   year =         1999, | 
| 1966 | 
  | 
   pages = {10.1109/SC.1999}, | 
| 1967 | 
  | 
   publisher =    {IEEE}, | 
| 1968 | 
  | 
 } | 
| 1969 | 
  | 
  | 
| 1970 | 
  | 
 @Article{stevens:90, | 
| 1971 | 
  | 
   author =       {Stevens, D. P.}, | 
| 1972 | 
  | 
   title =        {On Open Boundary Conditions for Three Dimensional | 
| 1973 | 
  | 
                   Primitive Equation Ocean Circulation Models}, | 
| 1974 | 
  | 
   journal =      {Geophys. Astrophys. Fl. Dyn.}, | 
| 1975 | 
  | 
   year =         1990, | 
| 1976 | 
  | 
   volume =       51, | 
| 1977 | 
  | 
   pages =        {103--133}} | 
| 1978 | 
  | 
  |