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Revision 1.3 - (hide annotations) (download)
Mon Jun 27 02:09:19 2011 UTC (12 years, 9 months ago) by dfer
Branch: MAIN
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Fix a bit the GM/Redi section.

1 edhill 1.1 @string{pnas="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}
2     @string{plms="Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society"}
3     @string{aas="Advances in Atmospheric Sciences"}
4     @string{ajs="American Journal of Science"}
5     @string{amsb="American Meteorological Society, Bulletin"}
6     @string{ag="Annales Geophysicae"}
7     @string{arfm="Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics"}
8     @string{ajus="Antarctic Journal of the United States"}
9     @string{as="Antarctic Science"}
10     @string{aprs="Asian-Pacific Remote Sensing and GIS Journal"}
11     @string{a="Atmosfera"}
12     @string{ao="Atmosphere-Ocean"}
13     @string{ar="Atmospheric Research"}
14     @string{amm="Australian Meteorological Magazine"}
15     @string{br="Basin Research"}
16     @string{bgc="Biogeochemistry"}
17     @string{blm="Boundary-Layer Meteorology"}
18     @string{bsgf="Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France"}
19     @string{bms="Bulletin of Marine Science"}
20     @string{bams="Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society"}
21     @string{cjes="Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences"}
22     @string{cd="Climate Dynamics"}
23     @string{cc="Climatic Change"}
24     @string{cras="Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. Serie II. Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes"}
25     @string{cg="Computers and Geosciences"}
26     @string{csr="Continental Shelf Research"}
27     @string{cap="Contributions to Atmospheric Physics"}
28     @string{dwm="Daily Weather Maps"}
29     @string{dsr="Deep-Sea Research"}
30     @string{dsr1="Deep-Sea Research, Part 1"}
31     @string{dsr2="Deep-Sea Research, Part 2"}
32     @string{des="Doklady Earth Sciences"}
33     @string{dao="Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans"}
34     @string{epsl="Earth and Planetary Science Letters"}
35     @string{emp="Earth, Moon, and Planets"}
36     @string{eps="Earth, Planets and Space"}
37     @string{esr="Earth Science Reviews"}
38     @string{espl="Earth Surface Processes and Landforms"}
39     @string{eos="EOS"}
40     @string{epi="Episodes"}
41     @string{ecss="Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science"}
42     @string{gsat="GSA Today"}
43     @string{gi="Geofisica International"}
44     @string{gj="Geological Journal"}
45     @string{gm="Geological Magazine"}
46     @string{gsab="Geological Society of America, Bulletin"}
47     @string{gig="Geologiia I Geofizika"}
48     @string{g="Geology"}
49     @string{ga="Geomagnetism and Aeronomy"}
50     @string{gml="Geo-Marine Letters"}
51     @string{geom="Geomorphology"}
52     @string{gafd="Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics"}
53     @string{gji="Geophysical Journal International"}
54     @string{gp="Geophysical Prospecting"}
55     @string{grl="Geophysical Research Letters"}
56     @string{geop="Geophysics"}
57     @string{gc="Geoscience Canada"}
58     @string{gj="Geoscience Journal"}
59     @string{gt="Geotectonics"}
60     @string{gta="Geotektonika"}
61     @string{gtc="Geothermics"}
62     @string{gtm="Geotimes"}
63     @string{gff="GFF"}
64     @string{gpc="Global and Planetary Change"}
65     @string{gbc="Global Biogeochemical Cycles"}
66     @string{gcn="Global Change Newsletter"}
67     @string{gsat="GSA Today"}
68     @string{i="Icarus"}
69     @string{igr="International Geology Review"}
70     @string{ijc="International Journal of Climatology"}
71     @string{ijes="International Journal of Earth Sciences"}
72     @string{iscb="International Seismological Centre, Bulletin"}
73     @string{ia="The Island Arc"}
74     @string{iaop="Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics"}
75     @string{ipse="Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth"}
76     @string{jgr="Journal of Geophysical Research"}
77     @string{jgra="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part A"}
78     @string{jgrb="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part B"}
79     @string{jgrc="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part C"}
80     @string{jgrd="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part D"}
81     @string{jgre="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part E"}
82     @string{jag="Journal of Applied Geophysics"}
83     @string{jam="Journal of Applied Meteorology"}
84     @string{jaot="Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology"}
85     @string{jastp="Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics"}
86     @string{jac="Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry"}
87     @string{jas="Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences"}
88     @string{jc="Journal of Climate"}
89     @string{jfm="Journal of Fluid Mechanics"}
90     @string{jfr="Journal of Foraminiferal Research"}
91     @string{jge="Journal of Geochemical Exploration"}
92     @string{jg="Journal of Geodesy"}
93     @string{jgc="Journal of Geodynamics"}
94     @string{jse="Journal of Geoscience Education"}
95     @string{jm="Journal of Meteorology"}
96     @string{jmr="Journal of Marine Research"}
97     @string{jp="Journal of Paleontology"}
98     @string{jpo="Journal of Physical Oceanography"}
99     @string{jpe="Journal of Physics of the Earth"}
100     @string{jsaes="Journal of South American Earth Sciences"}
101     @string{lm="La Meteorologie"}
102     @string{le="The Leading Edge"}
103     @string{lo="Limnology and Oceanography"}
104     @string{l="Lithos"}
105     @string{mg="Marine Geodesy"}
106     @string{mgr="Marine Geophysical Researches"}
107     @string{ma="Meteorological Applications"}
108     @string{mznf="Meteorologische Zeitschrift-Neue Folge"}
109     @string{map="Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics"}
110     @string{mitr="MIT Report"}
111     @string{mwr="Monthly Weather Review"}
112     @string{n="Nature"}
113     @string{olr="Oceanographic Literature Review"}
114     @string{oa="Oceanologica Acta"}
115     @string{oly="Oceanology"}
116     @string{o="Oceanus"}
117     @string{pdm="Palaeoclimates : data and modelling"}
118     @string{pio="Palaios"}
119     @string{p="Paleo"}
120     @string{poy="Paleoceanography"}
121     @string{prl="Physical Review Letters"}
122     @string{pcea="Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A"}
123     @string{pceb="Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B"}
124     @string{pcec="Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C"}
125     @string{po="Progress in Oceanography"}
126     @string{pag="Pure and Applied Geophysics"}
127     @string{qjrms="Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society"}
128     @string{qr="Quaternary Research"}
129     @string{qsr="Quaternary Science Reviews"}
130     @string{r="Radiocarbon"}
131     @string{rg="Reviews of Geophysics"}
132     @string{rmsqj="Royal Meteorological Society, Quarterly Journal"}
133     @string{rmh="Russian Meteorology and Hydrology"}
134     @string{s="Science"}
135     @string{sm="Senckenbergiana Maritima"}
136     @string{agfb="Societe geologique de France, Bulletin"}
137     @string{sd="Storm Data"}
138     @string{sg="Surveys In Geophysics"}
139     @string{ta="Tellus, Series A"}
140     @string{tb="Tellus, Series B"}
141     @string{t="Tellus"}
142     @string{tac="Theoretical and Applied Climatology"}
143     @string{w="Weather"}
144     @string{wf="Weather and Forecasting"}
145     @string{ww="Weatherwise"}
146     @string{whc="Woods Hole Currents"}
147     @string{wmob="World Meteorological Organization Bulletin (WMO Bulletin)"}
148     @string{zdgg="Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft"}
149    
150    
151     @BOOK{thesis,
152     AUTHOR = {B. Fox-Kemper},
153     TITLE = {{Friction and Eddies: Removal of Vorticity from the Wind-Driven Gyre}},
154     YEAR = {{2003}},
155     PAGES = 310,
156     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis. MIT/WHOI, 2003-06}}
157     }
158    
159     @ARTICLE{fope04,
160     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and J. Pedlosky",
161     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Barotropic Gyre {I}: Circulation Control by Eddy Vorticity Fluxes to a Region of Enhanced Removal",
162     JOURNAL =jmr,
163     VOLUME ="62",
164     NUMBER ="2",
165     PAGE ="169-193",
166     YEAR ="2004"}
167    
168     @ARTICLE{fo04sg,
169     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper}",
170     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Barotropic Gyre {II}: Effects of eddies and low interior viscosity",
171     JOURNAL =jmr,
172     VOLUME ="62",
173     NUMBER ="2",
174     PAGE ="195-232",
175     YEAR ="2004"}
176    
177 edhill 1.2 @ARTICLE{fo05mg,
178 edhill 1.1 AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper}",
179     TITLE ="Reevaluating the roles of eddies in multiple barotropic wind-driven gyres",
180     JOURNAL =jpo,
181 edhill 1.2 VOLUME ="35",
182     NUMBER ="7",
183     PAGE ="1263-1278",
184 edhill 1.1 YEAR ="2004"}
185    
186     @ARTICLE{fofepe03,
187     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and R. Ferrari and J. Pedlosky",
188     TITLE ="On the Indeterminacy of Rotational and Divergent Eddy Fluxes",
189     JOURNAL =jpo,
190     VOLUME ="33",
191     NUMBER ="2",
192     PAGES ="478-483",
193     YEAR ="2003"}
194    
195     @ARTICLE{gemc90,
196     AUTHOR ="P. R. Gent and J. C. {McWilliams}",
197     TITLE ="Isopycnal Mixing in Ocean Circulation Models",
198     JOURNAL =jpo,
199     VOLUME ="20",
200     PAGES ="150-155",
201     YEAR ="1990"}
202    
203     @ARTICLE{gemc96,
204     AUTHOR ="P. R. Gent and J. C. {McWilliams}",
205     TITLE ="Eliassen-Palm Fluxes and the Momentum Equation in Non-Eddy-Resolving Ocean Circulation Models",
206     JOURNAL =jpo,
207     VOLUME ="26",
208     PAGES ="2539-2546",
209     YEAR ="1996"}
210    
211     @ARTICLE{geetal95,
212     AUTHOR ="P. R. Gent and J. Willebrand and T. J. {McDougall} and J. C. {McWilliams}",
213     TITLE ="Parameterizing Eddy-Induced Tracer Transports in Ocean Circulation Models",
214     JOURNAL =jpo,
215     VOLUME ="25",
216     PAGES ="463-474",
217     YEAR ="1995"}
218    
219    
220     @ARTICLE{fepl03,
221     AUTHOR ="R. Ferrari and R. A. Plumb",
222     TITLE ="Residual Circulation in the Ocean",
223     JOURNAL ="Proceedings of the 13th 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop",
224     VOLUME ="13",
225     PAGES ="219-228",
226     YEAR ="2003"}
227    
228     @ARTICLE{PlumbFerrari05,
229     AUTHOR ="R. A. Plumb and R. Ferrari",
230     TITLE ="Transformed Eulerian-Mean Theory. {Part I: N}onquasigeostrophic Theory for Eddies on a Zonal-Mean Flow",
231     JOURNAL =jpo,
232     VOLUME ="35",
233     PAGES ="165-174",
234     YEAR ="2005"}
235    
236     @ARTICLE{Kuoetal05,
237     AUTHOR = "A. Kuo, A. Plumb, and J. Marshall",
238     TITLE ="Transformed Eulerian-Mean Theory. {Part I: N}onquasigeostrophic Theory for Eddies on a Zonal-Mean Flow",
239     JOURNAL =jpo,
240     VOLUME ="35",
241     PAGES ="175-187",
242     YEAR ="2005"
243     }
244    
245    
246 edhill 1.2 @UNPUBLISHED{fofe06,
247 edhill 1.1 AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and R. Ferrari",
248     TITLE ="A Residual Mean {Parsons-Veronis} Model",
249     NOTE ="In preparation",
250     YEAR ="2005"}
251    
252 edhill 1.2 @UNPUBLISHED{fona06,
253 edhill 1.1 AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and B. Nadiga",
254 edhill 1.2 TITLE ="Interpretation and Coarse-Resolution Modeling of Counter-Rotating Gyres",
255 edhill 1.1 NOTE ="In preparation",
256 edhill 1.2 YEAR ="2006"}
257 edhill 1.1
258     @UNPUBLISHED{fova05,
259     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and G. K. Vallis",
260     TITLE ="Eddying and Non-eddying Models with a Bulk Mixed Layer and Nearly Adiabatic Interior",
261     NOTE ="In preparation",
262     YEAR ="2005"}
263    
264 edhill 1.2 @UNPUBLISHED{fome06,
265     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and D. Menemenlis",
266     TITLE ="Comparing and Properly Implementing {Smagorinsky} and {Leith} Nonlinear Viscosities",
267     NOTE ="In preparation",
268     YEAR ="2006"}
269    
270     @UNPUBLISHED{hafo06,
271 edhill 1.1 AUTHOR ="R. W. Hallberg and B. {Fox-Kemper}",
272 edhill 1.2 TITLE ="On Bounding {Coriolis} Errors in Shallow-water Models",
273 edhill 1.1 NOTE ="In preparation",
274     YEAR ="2005"}
275    
276 edhill 1.2 @UNPUBLISHED{bofefo05,
277     AUTHOR ="G. Boccaletti and R. Ferrari and B. {Fox-Kemper}",
278     TITLE ="Mixed Layer Instabilities and Parameterization",
279     NOTE ="Submitted",
280     YEAR ="2005"}
281    
282     @UNPUBLISHED{fo06,
283     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper}",
284     TITLE ="Eddy Fluxes of Multiple Tracers",
285     NOTE ="In preparation",
286     YEAR ="2006"}
287    
288     @UNPUBLISHED{fofe06cpt,
289     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and R. Ferrari",
290     TITLE ="Mixed Layer Mesoscale Eddy Interaction",
291     NOTE ="In preparation",
292     YEAR ="2006"}
293    
294     @UNPUBLISHED{fofeha06,
295     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and R. Ferrari and R. W. Hallberg",
296     TITLE ="Parameterizing Mixed Layer Eddies",
297     NOTE ="In preparation",
298     YEAR ="2006"}
299    
300    
301 edhill 1.1 @UNPUBLISHED{ha03,
302     AUTHOR ="R. W. Hallberg",
303     TITLE ="The suitability of large-scale ocean models for adapting parameterizations of boundary mixing and a description of a refined bulk mixed layer model",
304     JOURNAL ="Proceedings of the 2003 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop",
305     NOTE ="In press",
306     YEAR ="2003"}
307    
308     @BOOK{ha76,
309     AUTHOR = {Haidvogel, Dale B.},
310     TITLE = {{The sensitivity and predictability of mesoscale eddies in an idealized model ocean}},
311     PAGES = 245,
312     YEAR = 1976,
313     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology}}
314     }
315    
316     @ARTICLE{arfl03a,
317     AUTHOR ="Brian K. Arbic and Glenn R. Flierl",
318     TITLE ="Coherent vortices and kinetic energy ribbons in asymptotic, quasi
319     two-dimensional f-plane turbulence",
320     JOURNAL ="Physics of Fluids",
321     NOTE ="In press",
322     YEAR ="2003"}
323    
324     @ARTICLE{vasccadi02,
325     AUTHOR ="Paul C. F. {van der Vaart} and Henk M. Schuttelaars and Daniel Calvete and Henk. A Dijkstra",
326     TITLE ="Instability of time-dependent wind-driven ocean gyres",
327     JOURNAL ="Physics of Fluids",
328     VOLUME ="14",
329     NUMBER ="10",
330     PAGE ="3601-3615",
331     YEAR ="2002"}
332    
333     @ARTICLE{dika97,
334     AUTHOR ="Henk. A Dijkstra and C. A. Katsman",
335     TITLE ="Temporal Variability of the Wind-Driven Quasi-Geostrophic Double Gyre Ocean Circulation{: B}asic Bifurcation Diagrams",
336     JOURNAL =gafd,
337     VOLUME ="85",
338     NUMBER ="3-4",
339     PAGE ="195-232",
340     YEAR ="1997"}
341    
342     @ARTICLE{mo65,
343     AUTHOR ="G. E. Moore",
344     TITLE ="Cramming more components onto integrated circuits",
345     JOURNAL ="Electronics",
346     VOLUME ="38",
347     NUMBER ="8",
348     PAGE ="114-117",
349     YEAR ="1965"}
350    
351     @ARTICLE{spdigh95,
352     AUTHOR ="S. Speich and Henk. A Dijkstra and M. Ghil",
353     TITLE ="Successive bifurcations in a shallow-water model applied to the wind-drive ocean circulation",
354     JOURNAL ="Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics",
355     VOLUME ="2",
356     PAGE ="241-268",
357     YEAR ="1995"}
358    
359     @ARTICLE{cowi01,
360     AUTHOR ="C. Coulliette and S. Wiggins",
361     TITLE ="Intergyre Transport in a wind-driven, quasigeostropic double gyre: An application of lobe dynamics",
362     JOURNAL ="Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics",
363     VOLUME ="8",
364     PAGE ="69-94",
365     YEAR ="2001"}
366    
367     @ARTICLE{jijigh95,
368     AUTHOR ="Shi Jiang and {Fei-Fei} Jin and M. Ghil",
369     TITLE ="Multiple Equilibria, Periodic, and Aperiodic Solutions in a Wind-Driven, Double-gyre, Shallow-Water Model",
370     JOURNAL =jpo,
371     VOLUME ="25",
372     PAGE ="764-786",
373     YEAR ="1995"}
374    
375     @ARTICLE{Tretal97,
376     AUTHOR ="A. M. Treguier and I. M. Held and V. D. Larichev",
377     TITLE ="Parameterization of Quasigeostrophic Eddies in Primitive Equation Ocean Models",
378     JOURNAL =jpo,
379     VOLUME ="27",
380     PAGE ="567-580",
381     YEAR ="1997"}
382    
383     @ARTICLE{na93,
384     AUTHOR ="N. Nakamura",
385     TITLE ="An Illustrative Model of Instabilities in Meridionally and Vertically Sheared Flows",
386     JOURNAL =jpo,
387     VOLUME ="50",
388     PAGE ="357-786",
389     YEAR ="1993"}
390    
391     @ARTICLE{hamcge92,
392     AUTHOR ="D. B. Haidvogel and J. C. {McWilliams} and P. R. Gent",
393     TITLE ="Boundary Current Separation in a Quasigeostrophic, Eddy-resolving Ocean Circulation Model",
394     JOURNAL =jpo,
395     VOLUME ="22",
396     PAGE ="882-902",
397     YEAR ="1992"}
398    
399     @ARTICLE{chghidla02,
400     AUTHOR ="Kyung-Il Chang and Michael Ghil and Kayo Ide and Chung-Chieng Aaron Lai",
401     TITLE ="Transition to Aperiodic Variability in a Wind-Driven Double-Gyre Circulation Model",
402     JOURNAL =jpo,
403     VOLUME ="31",
404     PAGE ="1260-1286",
405     YEAR ="2001"}
406    
407     @ARTICLE{ghfesu02,
408     AUTHOR ="M. Ghil and Y. Feliks and L. U. Sushama",
409     TITLE ="Baroclinic and barotropic aspects of wind-driven ocean circulation",
410     JOURNAL ="Physica D",
411     VOLUME ="167",
412     PAGE ="1-35",
413     YEAR ="2002"}
414    
415     @ARTICLE{arfl03b,
416     AUTHOR ="Brian K. Arbic and Glenn R. Flierl",
417     TITLE ="Baroclinically unstable geostrophic turbulence in the limits of strong and weak Ekman friction: Application to mid-ocean eddies",
418     JOURNAL =jpo,
419     NOTE ="Submitted",
420     YEAR ="2003"}
421    
422     @ARTICLE{hamc87,
423     AUTHOR ="P. Haynes and M. E. {McIntyre}",
424     TITLE ="On the Evolution of Vorticity and Potential Vorticity in the Presence of Diabatic Heating and Frictional or other Forces",
425     JOURNAL =jas,
426     VOLUME ="44",
427     PAGES ="828-841",
428     YEAR ="1987"}
429    
430     @ARTICLE{el69,
431     AUTHOR ="A. Eliassen",
432     TITLE ="Theory of planetary wave-zonal flow interaction",
433     JOURNAL =jas,
434     VOLUME ="26",
435     PAGES ="73-81",
436     YEAR ="1969"}
437    
438     @ARTICLE{el68,
439     AUTHOR ="A. Eliassen",
440     TITLE ="On mesoscale mountain waves on the rotating Earth",
441     JOURNAL ="Geofys. Publ.",
442     VOLUME ="27",
443     NUMBER ="6",
444     PAGES ="1-15",
445     YEAR ="1968"}
446    
447     @ARTICLE{elpa61,
448     AUTHOR ="A. Eliassen and E. Palm",
449     TITLE ="On the transfer of energy in stational mountain waves",
450     JOURNAL ="Geofys. Publ.",
451     VOLUME ="22",
452     NUMBER ="3",
453     PAGES ="1-23",
454     YEAR ="1961"}
455    
456     @ARTICLE{anmc76a,
457     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
458     TITLE ="Planetary Waves in horizontal and vertical shear; the generalized {Eliassen-Palm} relation and the mean zonal acceleration",
459     JOURNAL =jas,
460     VOLUME ="33",
461     PAGES ="2031-2048",
462     YEAR ="1976"}
463    
464     @ARTICLE{anmc76b,
465     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
466     TITLE ="Planetary waves in horizontal and vertical shear; asymptotic theory for equatorial waves in weak shear",
467     JOURNAL =jas,
468     VOLUME ="33",
469     PAGES ="2049-2053",
470     YEAR ="1976"}
471    
472     @ARTICLE{anmc78a,
473     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
474     TITLE ="Generalized {Eliassen-Palm} and {Charney-Drazin} theorems for waves on axisymmetric flows in compressible atmospheres",
475     JOURNAL =jas,
476     VOLUME ="35",
477     PAGES ="175-185",
478     YEAR ="1978"}
479    
480     @ARTICLE{anmc78b,
481     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
482     TITLE ="An exact theory of nonlinear waves on a {Lagrangian-mean} flow",
483     JOURNAL =jfm,
484     VOLUME ="89",
485     PAGES ="609-646",
486     YEAR ="1978"}
487    
488     @ARTICLE{anmc78c,
489     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
490     TITLE ="On wave-action and its relatives",
491     JOURNAL =jfm,
492     VOLUME ="89",
493     PAGES ="647-664",
494     YEAR ="1978"}
495    
496     @ARTICLE{mcmc96a,
497     AUTHOR ="T. J. {McDougall} and P. C. {McIntosh}",
498     TITLE ="The Temporal-Residual Mean Velocity. {Part I: Derivation} and the Scalar Conservation Equations",
499     JOURNAL =jpo,
500     VOLUME ="26",
501     PAGES ="2653-2665",
502     YEAR ="1996"}
503    
504     @ARTICLE{mcmc01,
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506     TITLE ="The Temporal-Residual-Mean Velocity. {Part II: Isopycnal} Interpretation and the Tracer and Momentum Equations",
507     JOURNAL =jpo,
508     VOLUME ="31",
509     PAGES ="1222-1246",
510     YEAR ="2001"}
511    
512     @ARTICLE{mcmc96b,
513     AUTHOR ="P. C. {McIntosh} and T. J. {McDougall}",
514     TITLE ="Isopycnal Averaging and the Residual Mean Circulation",
515     JOURNAL =jpo,
516     VOLUME ="26",
517     PAGES ="1655-1660",
518     YEAR ="1996"}
519    
520     @ARTICLE{th82,
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522     TITLE ="Spectral estimation and harmonic analysis",
523     JOURNAL ="Proc. IEEE",
524     VOLUME ="70",
525     PAGES ="1055-1092",
526     YEAR ="1982"}
527    
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530     TITLE ="Equatorial Circulation of a Global Ocean Climate Model with Anisotropic Horizontal Viscosity",
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532     VOLUME ="31",
533     PAGES ="518-536",
534     YEAR ="2001"}
535    
536     @ARTICLE{wuro85,
537     AUTHOR ="C. Wunsch and D. Roemmich",
538     TITLE ="Is the {North Atlantic} in {Sverdrup} balance?",
539     JOURNAL =jpo,
540     VOLUME ="15",
541     PAGES ="1876-1880",
542     YEAR ="1985"}
543    
544     @ARTICLE{grha00,
545     AUTHOR ="S. M. Griffies and R. W. Hallberg",
546     TITLE ="Biharmonic Friction with a {Smagorinsky-like} Viscosity for Use in Large-Scale Eddy-Permitting Ocean Models",
547     JOURNAL =mwr,
548     VOLUME ="128",
549     NUMBER ="8",
550     PAGES ="2935-2946",
551     YEAR ="2000"}
552    
553     @INCOLLECTION{Smagorinsky93,
554     AUTHOR ="J. Smagorinsky",
555     Title = "Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows",
556     Booktitle = "Evolution of Physical Oceanography",
557     Editor = "B. Galperin and S. A. Orszag",
558     Publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
559     Year = "1993",
560     Pages = "3-36" }
561    
562     @ARTICLE{Leith96,
563     AUTHOR ="C. E. Leith",
564     Title = "Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows",
565     JOURNAL ="Physica D.",
566     Year = "1996",
567     VOLUME ="98",
568     Pages = "481-491" }
569    
570     @ARTICLE{Leith68,
571     AUTHOR ="C. E. Leith",
572     Title = "Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows",
573     JOURNAL ="Physics of Fluids",
574     Year = "1968",
575     Volume = "10",
576     Pages = "1409-1416" }
577    
578     @ARTICLE{Bryanetal75,
579     AUTHOR ="Bryan, K. and S. Manabe and R. C. Pacanowski",
580     TITLE ="A global ocean-atmosphere climate model. {Part II. T}he oceanic circulation",
581     JOURNAL =jpo,
582     VOLUME ="5",
583     PAGES ="30-46",
584     YEAR ="1975"}
585    
586     @ARTICLE{re82,
587     AUTHOR ="M. H. Redi",
588     TITLE ="Oceanic isopycnal mixing by coordinate rotation",
589     JOURNAL =jpo,
590     VOLUME ="12",
591     PAGES ="1154-1158",
592     YEAR ="1982"}
593    
594     @ARTICLE{sa04,
595     AUTHOR ="R. Salmon",
596     TITLE ="Poisson-Bracket Approach to the Construction of Energy- and Potential-Enstrophy-Conserving Algorithms for the Shallow-Water Equations",
597     JOURNAL =jpo,
598     VOLUME ="61",
599     PAGES ="2016-2036",
600     YEAR ="2004"}
601    
602     @TECHREPORT{suta95,
603     AUTHOR ="Max J. Suarez and Lawrence L. Takacs",
604     TITLE ="Documentation of the {ARIES/GEOS} Dynamical Core: Version 2",
605     TYPE ="{NASA} Technical Memorandum 104606, {Vol.} 5",
606     INSTITUTION="NASA Goddard Space Flight Center",
607     ADDRESS ="Greenbelt, Maryland",
608     YEAR ="1995"}
609    
610     @ARTICLE{arhs90,
611     AUTHOR ="A. Arakawa and {Y.-J.} G. Hsu",
612     TITLE ="Energy conserving and potential-enstrophy dissipating schemes for the shallow-water equations",
613     JOURNAL =mwr,
614     VOLUME ="118",
615     PAGES ="1960-1969",
616     YEAR ="1990"}
617    
618     @ARTICLE{arla81,
619     AUTHOR ="A. Arakawa and V. R. Lamb",
620     TITLE ="A Potential Enstrophy and Energy Conserving Scheme for the Shallow Water Equations",
621     JOURNAL =mwr,
622     VOLUME ="109",
623     PAGES ="18-36",
624     YEAR ="1981"}
625    
626     @ARTICLE{sm63,
627     AUTHOR ="J. Smagorinsky",
628     TITLE ="General Circulation Experiments with the Primitive Equations {I}: The Basic Experiment",
629     JOURNAL =mwr,
630     VOLUME ="91",
631     NUMBER ="3",
632     PAGES ="99-164",
633     YEAR ="1963"}
634    
635     @ARTICLE{he63,
636     AUTHOR ="J. R. Herring",
637     TITLE ="Investigation of problems in thermal convection",
638     JOURNAL =jas,
639     VOLUME ="20",
640     PAGES ="325-338",
641     YEAR ="1963"}
642    
643     @ARTICLE{arfl03c,
644     AUTHOR ="Brian K. Arbic and Glenn R. Flierl",
645     TITLE ="Effects of mean flow direction on energy, isotropy, and coherence of baroclinically unstable beta-plane geostrophic turbulence",
646     NOTE ="Submitted",
647     JOURNAL =jpo,
648     YEAR ="2003"}
649    
650     @techreport{etopo,
651     AUTHOR ="ETOPO5 Topographic Maps",
652     TITLE ="Data Announcement 88-MGG-02, Digital relief of the Surface of the {Earth}",
653     INSTITUTION ="NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center",
654     YEAR ="1988",
655     ADDRESS ="Boulder, Colorado"}
656    
657     @INPROCEEDINGS{mcmoya01,
658     AUTHOR ="J. C. {McWilliams} and M. J. Molemaker and I. Yavneh",
659     TITLE ="From stirring to mixing of momentum: Cascades from balanced flows to dissipation in the oceanic interior",
660     BOOKTITLE ={{'Aha Huliko'a Proceedings}},
661     EDITOR ="P. Miller and D. Henderson",
662     PUBLISHER ="{SOEST} Special Publication",
663     ADDRESS ="Manoa, Hawaii",
664     PAGES ="59-66",
665     YEAR ="2001"}
666    
667     @INPROCEEDINGS{co01,
668     AUTHOR = {S. J. Cowley},
669     TITLE = {Laminar Boundary-Layer Theory: A 20th Century Paradox?},
670     BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of ICTAM 2000},
671     YEAR = {2001},
672     EDITOR = {H. Aref and J. W. Phillips},
673     PAGES = {389-411},
674     PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
675     ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}
676     }
677    
678     @ARTICLE{grna99,
679     AUTHOR ="R. J. Greatbatch and B. T. Nadiga",
680     TITLE ="Four-Gyre Circulation in a Barotropic Model with Double-Gyre Wind Forcing",
681     JOURNAL =jpo,
682     VOLUME ="30",
683     NUMBER ="6",
684     PAGES ="1461-1471",
685     YEAR ="1999"}
686    
687     @ARTICLE{grmc03,
688     AUTHOR ="R. J. Greatbatch and Trevor J. McDougall",
689     TITLE ="The Non-Boussinesq Temporal Residual Mean",
690     JOURNAL =jpo,
691     VOLUME ="33",
692     NUMBER ="6",
693     PAGES ="1231-1239",
694     YEAR ="2003"}
695    
696    
697     @ARTICLE{ha03b,
698     AUTHOR ="E. Hagen",
699     TITLE ="Planetary {Rossby} Waves in the {Northeast Atlantic Ocean}?",
700     JOURNAL ="Eos. Trans. AGU",
701     VOLUME ="84",
702     NUMBER ="52",
703     PAGES ="{Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl.}, Abstract OS22L-05",
704     YEAR ="2003"}
705    
706     @INPROCEEDINGS{ha03,
707     AUTHOR ="E. Hagen",
708     TITLE ="Baroclinic {Rossby} Waves in the {Northeast} {Atlantic} {Ocean}?",
709     BOOKTITLE ="Beitr{\"a}ge zur Klima- und Meeresforschung, Aus Anlass des 70. Geburtstages von Peter Hupfer",
710     EDITOR ="F. M. Chmielewski and T. Foken",
711     ADDRESS ="Berlin, Bayreuth",
712     PUBLISHER ="Selbstverlag",
713     PAGES ="149-158",
714     YEAR ="2003"}
715    
716     @ARTICLE{hona03,
717     AUTHOR ="D. D. Holm and B. T. Nadiga",
718     TITLE ="Modeling Mesoscale Turbulence in the Barotropic Double Gyre Circulation",
719     JOURNAL =jpo,
720     VOLUME ="33",
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722     YEAR ="2003"}
723    
724     @ARTICLE{nama01,
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726     TITLE ="Dispersive-Dissipative Eddy Parameterization in a Barotropic Model",
727     JOURNAL =jpo,
728     VOLUME ="31",
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730     YEAR ="2001"}
731    
732     @ARTICLE{caho93,
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734     TITLE ="An Integrable Shallow Water Equation with Peaked Solitons",
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740    
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748    
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755     YEAR ="1880"}
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767     TITLE ="Dynamic Instability of Two-Dimensional Nondivergent Flow in a Barotropic Atmosphere",
768     JOURNAL ="Journal of Meteorology",
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780    
781     @ARTICLE{homara98,
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783     TITLE ="Euler-{P}oincar{\'e} equations and semidirect products with applications to continuum theories",
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800     JOURNAL =jpo,
801     VOLUME ="24",
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804    
805     @ARTICLE{rosppi88,
806     AUTHOR ="A. R. Robinson and M. A. Spall and N. Pinardi",
807     TITLE ="Gulf Stream Simulations and the Dynamics of Ring and Meander Processes",
808     JOURNAL =jpo,
809     VOLUME ="18",
810     PAGES ="1811-1854",
811     YEAR ="1988"}
812    
813     @ARTICLE{spro90,
814     AUTHOR ="M. A. Spall and A. R. Robinson",
815     TITLE ="Regional Primitive Equation Studies of the Gulf Stream Meander and Ring Formation Region",
816     JOURNAL =jpo,
817     VOLUME ="20",
818     PAGES ="985-1016",
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820    
821     @ARTICLE{colefa94,
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823     TITLE ="On the Probability that a Gulf Stream Meander Crest Detaches to Form a Warm Core Ring",
824     JOURNAL =jpo,
825     VOLUME ="24",
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827     YEAR ="1994"}
828    
829     @ARTICLE{muvawa97,
830     AUTHOR ="M. D. Mundt and G. K. Vallis and J. Wang",
831     TITLE ="Balanced Models and Dynamics fo the Large- and Mesoscale Circulation",
832     JOURNAL =jpo,
833     VOLUME ="27",
834     PAGES ="1133-1152",
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836    
837     @ARTICLE{bapi01,
838     AUTHOR ="N. J. Balmforth and C. Piccolo",
839     TITLE ="The Onset of Meandering in a Barotropic Jet",
840     JOURNAL =jfm,
841     VOLUME ="449",
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843     YEAR ="2001"}
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845     @ARTICLE{paprba01,
846     AUTHOR ="C. Pasquero and A. Provenzale and A. Babiano",
847     TITLE ="Parameterization of dispersion in two-dimensional turbulence",
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850     PAGES ="279-303",
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852    
853     @ARTICLE{jodesp02,
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855     TITLE ="The relation between decadal variability of subtropical mode water and the {North Atlantic Oscillation}",
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860    
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863     TITLE ="The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition in the Analysis of Turbulent Flows",
864     JOURNAL =arfm,
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871     TITLE ="Response of eddy-resolved general circulation numerical models to asymmetrical wind forcing",
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874     PAGES ="505-533",
875     YEAR ="1991"}
876    
877     @ARTICLE{mo87,
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879     TITLE ="On the inertial motion of a homogeneous ocean",
880     JOURNAL =dao,
881     VOLUME ="11",
882     PAGES ="1-17",
883     YEAR ="1987"}
884    
885     @ARTICLE{mo88,
886     AUTHOR ="Boris Moro",
887     TITLE ="On the nonlinear {Munk} model. {I. S}teady Flows",
888     JOURNAL =dao,
889     VOLUME ="12",
890     PAGES ="259-287",
891     YEAR ="1988"}
892    
893     @ARTICLE{mo90,
894     AUTHOR ="Boris Moro",
895     TITLE ="On the nonlinear {Munk} model. {II. S}tability",
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897     VOLUME ="14",
898     PAGES ="203-227",
899     YEAR ="1990"}
900    
901     @ARTICLE{tohuho00,
902     AUTHOR ="T. L. Townsend and H. E. Hurlburt and P. J. Hogan",
903     TITLE ="Modeled {Sverdrup} flow in the {North Atlantic} from 11 different wind stress climatologies",
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905     VOLUME ="32",
906     PAGES ="373-417",
907     YEAR ="2000"}
908    
909     @ARTICLE{prve87,
910     AUTHOR ="C. {Le Provost} and J. Verron",
911     TITLE ="Wind-driven Ocean Circulation Transition to Barotropic Instability",
912     JOURNAL =dao,
913     VOLUME ="11",
914     PAGES ="175-201",
915     YEAR ="1987"}
916    
917     @ARTICLE{wu97,
918     AUTHOR ="Carl Wunsch",
919     TITLE ="The vertical partition of oceanic horizontal kinetic energy",
920     JOURNAL =jpo,
921     VOLUME ="27",
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924    
925     @ARTICLE{ilka64,
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927     TITLE ="The structure of the boundary layer in a two-dimensional model of ocean currents",
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929     VOLUME ="4",
930     PAGES ="756-769",
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932     NOTE ="In Russian"}
933    
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935     AUTHOR ="V. M. Kamenkovich",
936     TITLE ="A contribution to the theory of the inerial-viscous boundary layer in a two-dimensional model of ocean currents",
937     JOURNAL ="Isvestiya",
938     PAGES ="781-792",
939     YEAR ="1966"}
940    
941     @ARTICLE{ta21,
942     AUTHOR ="G. I. Taylor",
943     TITLE ="Diffusion by Continuous movements",
944     JOURNAL =plms,
945     VOLUME ="20",
946     PAGES ="196-212",
947     YEAR ="1921"}
948    
949     @BOOK{telu72,
950     AUTHOR ="Hendrik Tennekes and John L. Lumley",
951     TITLE ="A First Course in Turbulence",
952     PUBLISHER ="MIT Press",
953     ADDRESS ="Cambridge",
954     PAGES ="300",
955     YEAR ="1972"}
956    
957     @BOOK{anhole87,
958     AUTHOR ="David G. Andrews and James R. Holton and Conway B. Leovy",
959     TITLE ="Middle Atmosphere Dynamics",
960     PUBLISHER ="Academic Press",
961     ADDRESS ="San Diego",
962     PAGES ="489",
963     YEAR ="1987"}
964    
965     @BOOK{jo86,
966     AUTHOR ="I. T. Joliffe",
967     TITLE ="Principal Component Analysis",
968     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
969     ADDRESS ="New York",
970     PAGES ="271",
971     YEAR ="1986"}
972    
973     @BOOK{drre81,
974     AUTHOR ="P. G. Drazin and W. H. Reid",
975     TITLE ="Hydrodynamic Stability",
976     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
977     ADDRESS ="Cambridge",
978     PAGES ="527",
979     YEAR ="1981"}
980    
981     @BOOK{lamb,
982     AUTHOR ="Horace Lamb",
983     TITLE ="Hydrodynamics",
984     PUBLISHER ="Dover Publications",
985     ADDRESS ="New York",
986     PAGES ="737",
987     EDITION ="6th",
988     YEAR ="1932"}
989    
990     @ARTICLE{mast98,
991     AUTHOR ="D. P. Marshall and J. C. Stephens",
992     TITLE ="On the insensitivity of the wind-driven circulation to bottom topography",
993     JOURNAL =jmr,
994     VOLUME ="59",
995     PAGES ="1-27",
996     YEAR ="1998"}
997    
998     @ARTICLE{grve98,
999     AUTHOR ="R. W. Griffiths and George Veronis",
1000     TITLE ="Linear theory of the effect of a sloping boundary on circulation in a homogeneous laboratory model",
1001     JOURNAL =jmr,
1002     VOLUME ="56",
1003     PAGES ="75-86",
1004     YEAR ="1998"}
1005    
1006     @ARTICLE{grve97,
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1008     TITLE ="A laboratory studey of effects of a sloping side boundary on wind-driven circulation in a homogeneous ocean model",
1009     JOURNAL =jmr,
1010     VOLUME ="55",
1011     PAGES ="1103-1126",
1012     YEAR ="1997"}
1013    
1014     @ARTICLE{hudc01,
1015     AUTHOR ="C. W. Hughes and B. A. {de Cuevas}",
1016     TITLE ="Why Western Boundary Currents in Realistic Oceans are Inviscid: A Link between Form Stress and Bottom Pressure Torques",
1017     JOURNAL =jpo,
1018     VOLUME ="31",
1019     PAGES ="2871-2885",
1020     YEAR ="2001"}
1021    
1022     @ARTICLE{hu02,
1023     AUTHOR ="C. W. Hughes",
1024     TITLE ="An extra dimension to mixing",
1025     JOURNAL ="Nature",
1026     VOLUME ="416",
1027     PAGES ="136-139",
1028     YEAR ="2002"}
1029    
1030     @ARTICLE{pa69,
1031     AUTHOR ="Parsons, A. T.",
1032     TITLE ="A two-layer model of Gulf Stream separation",
1033     JOURNAL =jfm,
1034     VOLUME ="39",
1035     PAGES ="511-528",
1036     YEAR ="1969"}
1037    
1038     @ARTICLE{hufl87,
1039     AUTHOR ="Huang, R. X. and Flierl, G. R.",
1040     TITLE ="Two-layer Models for the Thermocline and Current Structure in Subtropical Subpolar Gyres",
1041     JOURNAL =jpo,
1042     VOLUME ="17",
1043     NUMBER ="7",
1044     PAGES ="872-884",
1045     YEAR ="1987"}
1046    
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1048     AUTHOR ="Huang, R. X.",
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1061     YEAR ="1987"}
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1069     YEAR ="1988"}
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1139     BOOKTITLE ="Studies on Oceanography: A collection of papers dedicated to Koji Hidaka",
1140     TITLE ="The Influence of Friction on Inertial Models of Oceanic Circulation",
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1561     TITLE ="General Circulation of the Oceans",
1562     CHAPTER ="Single Layer Models of the General Circulation",
1563     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1564     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1565     PAGES ="202-282",
1566     YEAR ="1987"}
1567    
1568     @INCOLLECTION{harh00,
1569     AUTHOR ="R. Hallberg and P. B. Rhines",
1570     EDITOR ="R. M. Kerr and Y. Kimura",
1571     TITLE ="Developments in Geophysical Turbulence",
1572     CHAPTER ="Boundary sources of potential vorticity in geophysical circulations",
1573     PUBLISHER ="Kluwer",
1574     ADDRESS ="Dordrecht",
1575     PAGES ="51-65",
1576     YEAR ="2000"}
1577    
1578     @ARTICLE{rhyo84,
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1580     TITLE = {Homogenization of potential vorticity in planetary gyres},
1581     JOURNAL = jfm,
1582     YEAR = {1984},
1583     VOLUME = {122},
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1585    
1586     @INCOLLECTION{wu02,
1587     AUTHOR ="Carl Wunsch",
1588     EDITOR ="R. Pierce",
1589     TITLE ="Meteorology at the Millenium",
1590     CHAPTER ="Ocean Observations and the Climate Forecast Problem",
1591     PUBLISHER ="Academic Press",
1592     ADDRESS ="San Diego",
1593     PAGES ="233-245",
1594     YEAR ="2002"}
1595    
1596     @ARTICLE{rhho79,
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1598     TITLE = {A theoretical discussion of eddy-driven mean flows},
1599     JOURNAL = dao,
1600     YEAR = {1979},
1601     VOLUME = {3},
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1603    
1604     @INCOLLECTION{yo87,
1605     AUTHOR ="W. R. Young",
1606     EDITOR ="D. I. Arbarbanel and W. R. Young",
1607     TITLE ="General Circulation of the Oceans",
1608     CHAPTER ="Baroclinic Theories of the Wind Driven Circulation",
1609     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1610     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1611     PAGES ="134-201",
1612     YEAR ="1987"}
1613    
1614     @BOOK{as,
1615     AUTHOR ="Isaac Asimov",
1616     TITLE ="Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery",
1617     PUBLISHER ="Harper {\&} Row",
1618     ADDRESS ="New York",
1619     YEAR ="1989"}
1620    
1621     @BOOK{wu96,
1622     AUTHOR ="Carl Wunsch",
1623     TITLE ="The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem",
1624     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
1625     ADDRESS ="Cambridge; New York",
1626     YEAR ="1996",
1627     PAGES ="442"}
1628    
1629     @BOOK{mofe,
1630     AUTHOR ="Philip M. Morse and Herman Feshbach",
1631     TITLE ="Methods of Theoretical Physics",
1632     PUBLISHER ="McGraw-Hill, Inc.",
1633     ADDRESS ="New York",
1634     YEAR ="1953"}
1635    
1636     @BOOK{can,
1637     AUTHOR ="C. Canuto and M. Y. Hussaini and A. Quarteroni and T. A. Zang",
1638     TITLE ="Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics",
1639     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1640     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1641     YEAR ="1988"}
1642    
1643     @BOOK{bo,
1644     AUTHOR ="J. P. Boyd",
1645     TITLE ="Chebyshev {\&} Fourier Spectral Methods",
1646     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1647     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1648     YEAR ="2001",
1649     EDITION ="Second",
1650     PAGES ="668"}
1651    
1652     @BOOK{go,
1653     AUTHOR ="David Gottlieb and Steven A. Orszag",
1654     TITLE ="Numerical Analysis of Spectral Methods: Theory and Applications",
1655     PUBLISHER ="Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics",
1656     ADDRESS ="Philadelphia",
1657     YEAR ="1981",
1658     PAGES ="170"}
1659    
1660     @ARTICLE{oris74,
1661     AUTHOR ="Steven A. Orszag and Moshe Israeli",
1662     TITLE ="Numerical Simulations of Viscous Incompressible Flows",
1663     JOURNAL =arfm,
1664     VOLUME ="6",
1665     PAGES ="281-318",
1666     YEAR ="1974"}
1667    
1668     @ARTICLE{ba52,
1669     AUTHOR ="Batchelor, George K.",
1670     TITLE ="Diffusion in a Field of Homogeneous Turbulence",
1671     JOURNAL =jfm,
1672     VOLUME ="214",
1673     PAGES ="535-557",
1674     YEAR ="1952"}
1675    
1676     @BOOK{ba67,
1677     AUTHOR ="Batchelor, George K.",
1678     TITLE ="An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics",
1679     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
1680     ADDRESS ="Cambridge",
1681     PAGES ="615",
1682     YEAR ="1967"}
1683    
1684     @BOOK{ba60,
1685     AUTHOR ="Batchelor, George K.",
1686     TITLE ="The Theory of Homogeneous Turbulence",
1687     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
1688     ADDRESS ="Cambridge",
1689     PAGES ="197",
1690     YEAR ="1960"}
1691    
1692     @BOOK{gr90,
1693     AUTHOR ="Greenspan, Harvey P.",
1694     TITLE ="The Theory of Rotating Fluids",
1695     PUBLISHER ="Breukelen Press",
1696     ADDRESS ="Brookline",
1697     YEAR ="1990",
1698     PAGES ="352"}
1699    
1700     @ARTICLE{pe65a,
1701     AUTHOR ="Pedlosky, Joseph",
1702     TITLE ="A Study of the Time Dependent Ocean Circulation",
1703     JOURNAL =jas,
1704     VOLUME ="22",
1705     PAGES ="267-272",
1706     YEAR ="1965"}
1707    
1708     @ARTICLE{pe65b,
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1710     TITLE ="A Note on the Western Intensification of the Oceanic Circulation",
1711     JOURNAL =jmr,
1712     VOLUME ="23",
1713     PAGES ="207-209",
1714     YEAR ="1965"}
1715    
1716     @BOOK{grif,
1717     AUTHOR ="David Griffiths",
1718     TITLE ="Introduction to Electrodynamics",
1719     PUBLISHER ="Prentice Hall",
1720     ADDRESS ="Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey",
1721     YEAR ="1998",
1722     EDITION ="Third",
1723     PAGES ="576"}
1724    
1725     @BOOK{jack,
1726     AUTHOR ="David Jackson",
1727     TITLE ="Classical Electrodynamics",
1728     PUBLISHER ="John Wiley and Sons",
1729     ADDRESS ="New York",
1730     YEAR ="1998",
1731     EDITION ="Third",
1732     PAGES ="808"}
1733    
1734     @BOOK{pe87,
1735     AUTHOR ="Joseph Pedlosky",
1736     TITLE ="Geophysical Fluid Dynamics",
1737     PUBLISHER ="Springer",
1738     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1739     YEAR ="1987",
1740     EDITION ="Second",
1741     PAGES ="710"}
1742    
1743     @BOOK{pe96,
1744     AUTHOR ="Joseph Pedlosky",
1745     TITLE ="Ocean Circulation Theory",
1746     PUBLISHER ="Springer",
1747     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1748     YEAR ="1996",
1749     PAGES ="453"}
1750    
1751     @BOOK{piem90,
1752     AUTHOR ="George L. Pickard and William J. Emery",
1753     TITLE ="Descriptive Physical Oceanography: An Introduction",
1754     PUBLISHER ="Butterworth Heinemann",
1755     ADDRESS ="Oxford",
1756     EDITION ="Fifth",
1757     YEAR ="1990"}
1758    
1759     @COLLECTION{ro63,
1760     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1761     EDITOR ="Allan R. Robinson",
1762     PUBLISHER ="Blaisdell Publishing Co.",
1763     ADDRESS ="New York",
1764     YEAR ="1963"}
1765    
1766     @BOOK{st58,
1767     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel",
1768     TITLE ="The Gulf Stream",
1769     PUBLISHER ="University of California Press, Cambridge University Press",
1770     ADDRESS ="Berkeley, Los Angeles, London",
1771     YEAR ="1958"}
1772    
1773     @ARTICLE{de41,
1774     AUTHOR ="Andreas Defant",
1775     TITLE ="{\emph{Meteor}} {Atlantic} expedition 1925-1927",
1776     JOURNAL ="Wiss. Ergebn.",
1777     VOLUME ="4",
1778     NUMBER ="2",
1779     PAGES ="191-260",
1780     YEAR ="1941"}
1781    
1782     @ARTICLE{sv47,
1783     AUTHOR ="Harald U. Sverdrup",
1784     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Currents in a Baroclinic Ocean; with Application to the Equatorial Currents of the Eastern {Pacific}",
1785     JOURNAL =pnas,
1786     VOLUME ="33",
1787     NUMBER ="11",
1788     PAGES ="318-326",
1789     YEAR ="1947"}
1790    
1791     @ARTICLE{st48,
1792     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel",
1793     TITLE ="The Westward Intensification of Wind-Driven Ocean Currents",
1794     JOURNAL ="Transactions, American Geophysical Union",
1795     VOLUME ="29",
1796     NUMBER ="2",
1797     PAGES ="202-206",
1798     YEAR ="1948"}
1799    
1800     @ARTICLE{st56,
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1802     TITLE ="On the determination of the depth of no meridional motion",
1803     JOURNAL =dsr,
1804     VOLUME ="3",
1805     PAGES ="273-278",
1806     YEAR ="1956"}
1807    
1808     @ARTICLE{mu50,
1809     AUTHOR ="Walter H. Munk",
1810     TITLE ="On the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1811     JOURNAL =jm,
1812     VOLUME ="7",
1813     NUMBER ="2",
1814     PAGES ="79-93",
1815     YEAR ="1950"}
1816    
1817     @ARTICLE{muca50,
1818     AUTHOR ="Walter H. Munk and George F. Carrier",
1819     TITLE ="The Wind-Driven Circulation in Ocean Basins of Various Shapes",
1820     JOURNAL =t,
1821     VOLUME ="2",
1822     NUMBER ="3",
1823     PAGES ="158-167",
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1825    
1826     @ARTICLE{fo54,
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1828     TITLE ="Steady Flow in a Frictionless Homogenous Ocean",
1829     JOURNAL =jmr,
1830     VOLUME ="13",
1831     NUMBER ="3",
1832     PAGES ="254-262",
1833     YEAR ="1954"}
1834    
1835     @ARTICLE{ch55,
1836     AUTHOR ="Jule G. Charney",
1837     TITLE ="The {Gulf Stream} as an Inertial Boundary Layer",
1838     JOURNAL =pnas,
1839     VOLUME ="41",
1840     NUMBER ="10",
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1843    
1844     @ARTICLE{chst62,
1845     AUTHOR ="Jule G. Charney and M. E. Stern",
1846     TITLE ="On the stability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere",
1847     JOURNAL =jas,
1848     VOLUME ="19",
1849     PAGES ="159-172",
1850     YEAR ="1962"}
1851    
1852     @ARTICLE{fj50,
1853     AUTHOR ="Fj{\o}rtoft, R.",
1854     TITLE ="Application of integral theorems in deriving criteria of stability for laminar flows and for the baroclinic circular vortex",
1855     JOURNAL ="Geofys. Publ.",
1856     VOLUME ="17",
1857     NUMBER ="6",
1858     PAGES ="1-52",
1859     YEAR ="1950"}
1860    
1861     @ARTICLE{mo56,
1862     AUTHOR ="G. W. Morgan",
1863     TITLE ="On the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1864     JOURNAL =t,
1865     VOLUME ="8",
1866     NUMBER ="3",
1867     PAGES ="301-320",
1868     YEAR ="1956"}
1869    
1870     @ARTICLE{star160,
1871     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel and Arnold B. Arons",
1872     TITLE ="On the Abyssal Circulation of the World Ocean. I. Stationary Planetary Flow Patterns on a Sphere",
1873     JOURNAL =dsr,
1874     VOLUME ="6",
1875     PAGES ="140-154",
1876     YEAR ="1960"}
1877    
1878     @ARTICLE{star260,
1879     AUTHOR ="H. M. Stommel and A. B. Arons",
1880     TITLE ="On the Abyssal Circulation of the World Ocean. II. An Idealised Model of the Circulation Pattern and Amplitude in Oceanic Basins",
1881     JOURNAL =dsr,
1882     VOLUME ="6",
1883     PAGES ="217-233",
1884     YEAR ="1960"}
1885    
1886     @ARTICLE{caro62,
1887     AUTHOR ="G. F. Carrier and A. R. Robinson",
1888     TITLE ="On the Theory of the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1889     JOURNAL =jfm,
1890     VOLUME ="12",
1891     NUMBER ="1",
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1893     YEAR ="1962"}
1894    
1895     @ARTICLE{gr62,
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1897     TITLE ="A Criterion for the Existence of Inertial Boundary Layers in the Oceanic Circulation",
1898     JOURNAL =pnas,
1899     VOLUME ="48",
1900     PAGES ="2034-2039",
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1902    
1903     @ARTICLE{mo63,
1904     AUTHOR ="D. W. Moore",
1905     TITLE ="{Rossby} Waves in Ocean Circulation",
1906     JOURNAL =dsr,
1907     VOLUME ="10",
1908     PAGES ="735-747",
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1910    
1911     @ARTICLE{mo70,
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1913     TITLE ="The Mass Transport Velocity Induced by Free Oscillations at a Single Frequency",
1914     JOURNAL ="Geophysical Fluid Dynamics",
1915     VOLUME ="1",
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1917     YEAR ="1970"}
1918    
1919     @ARTICLE{br63,
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1921     TITLE ="A Numerical Investigation of a Nonlinear Model of a Wind-Driven OCean",
1922     JOURNAL =jas,
1923     VOLUME ="20",
1924     PAGES ="594-606",
1925     YEAR ="1963"}
1926    
1927     @ARTICLE{lawa79,
1928     AUTHOR ="N. Lau and J. M. Wallace",
1929     TITLE ="On the distribution of horizontal transports by transient eddies in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation",
1930     JOURNAL =jas,
1931     VOLUME ="36",
1932     PAGES ="1844-1861",
1933     YEAR ="1979"}
1934    
1935     @ARTICLE{ve63,
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1937     TITLE ="An Analysis of wind-driven ocean circulation with a limited number of Fourier Components",
1938     JOURNAL =jas,
1939     VOLUME ="20",
1940     PAGES ="577-593",
1941     YEAR ="1963"}
1942    
1943     @ARTICLE{ni66,
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1945     TITLE ="On the Theory of the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1946     JOURNAL =dsr,
1947     VOLUME ="13",
1948     PAGES ="597-606",
1949     YEAR ="1966"}
1950    
1951     @ARTICLE{we64,
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1953     TITLE ="Note on the Role of Boundary Friction in the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1954     JOURNAL =t,
1955     VOLUME ="16",
1956     PAGES ="408-410",
1957     YEAR ="1964"}
1958    
1959     @ARTICLE{bl71,
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1961     TITLE ="Boundary Conditions in Homogenous Ocean Models",
1962     JOURNAL =dsr,
1963     VOLUME ="18",
1964     PAGES ="739-751",
1965     YEAR ="1971"}
1966    
1967     @ARTICLE{rh75,
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1969     TITLE ="Waves and Turbulence on a Beta Plane",
1970     JOURNAL =jfm,
1971     VOLUME ="69",
1972     PAGES ="417-443",
1973     YEAR ="1975"}
1974    
1975     @ARTICLE{huch01,
1976     AUTHOR ="Rui Xin Huang and Li Chao",
1977     NOTE ="Personal Communication",
1978     YEAR ="2001"}
1979    
1980     @ARTICLE{hash01,
1981     AUTHOR ="Peter Haynes and Emily Shuckburgh",
1982     TITLE ="Effective diffusivity as a diagnostic of atmospheric transport 1. Stratosphere",
1983     JOURNAL =jgr,
1984     NUMBER ="105",
1985     VOLUME ="D18",
1986     PAGES ="3203-3211",
1987     YEAR ="2001"}
1988    
1989     @ARTICLE{pi91,
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1991     TITLE ="Large-scale horizontal mixing in planetary atmospheres",
1992     JOURNAL ="Phys. Fluids",
1993     NUMBER ="A3",
1994     PAGES ="1250-1260",
1995     YEAR ="1991"}
1996    
1997     @ARTICLE{bo86,
1998     AUTHOR ="C. W. B{\"o}ning",
1999     TITLE ="On the Influence of Frictional Parameterizations in Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation Models",
2000     JOURNAL =dao,
2001     VOLUME ="10",
2002     PAGES ="63-92",
2003     YEAR ="1986"}
2004    
2005     @ARTICLE{ieru86,
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2007     TITLE ="Analytic and Numerical Solutions of a Nonlinear Boundary-layer Problem",
2008     JOURNAL ="Studies in Applied Math",
2009     VOLUME ="75",
2010     PAGES ="1-36",
2011     YEAR ="1986"}
2012    
2013     @ARTICLE{ie93,
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2016     JOURNAL =jpo,
2017     VOLUME ="17",
2018     NUMBER ="",
2019     PAGES ="2366-2374",
2020     YEAR ="1993"}
2021    
2022     @ARTICLE{ie87,
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2024     TITLE ="On the Onset of Recirculation in Barotropic General Circulation Models",
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2026     VOLUME ="17",
2027     NUMBER ="12",
2028     PAGES ="2366-2374",
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2030    
2031     @ARTICLE{ie91,
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2033     TITLE ="Viscous instabilities in the western boundary-layer",
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2035     VOLUME ="21",
2036     NUMBER ="9",
2037     PAGES ="1323-1332",
2038     YEAR ="1991"}
2039    
2040     @ARTICLE{ceieyo87,
2041     AUTHOR ="Paola Cessi and Glenn R. Ierley and W. R. Young",
2042     TITLE ="A Model of the Inertial Recirculation Deiven by Potential Vorticity Anomalies",
2043     JOURNAL =jpo,
2044     VOLUME ="17",
2045     NUMBER ="10",
2046     PAGES ="1640-1653",
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2049     @ARTICLE{ce91,
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2052     JOURNAL =jmr,
2053     VOLUME ="49",
2054     PAGES ="697-717",
2055     YEAR ="1991"}
2056    
2057     @ARTICLE{cepr01,
2058     AUTHOR ="Paola Cessi and Francois Primeau",
2059     TITLE ="Dissipative selection of low-frequency modes in a reduced-gravity basin",
2060     JOURNAL =jpo,
2061     VOLUME ="31",
2062     NUMBER ="1",
2063     PAGES ="127-137",
2064     YEAR ="2001"}
2065    
2066     @ARTICLE{pr02,
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2068     TITLE ="Long {Rossby} wave basin-crossing time and the resonance of low-frequency basin modes",
2069     JOURNAL =jpo,
2070     VOLUME ="32",
2071     PAGES ="2652-2665",
2072     YEAR ="2002"}
2073    
2074     @ARTICLE{pr98,
2075     AUTHOR ="Francois Primeau",
2076     TITLE ="Multiple Equilibria of a Double-Gyre Ocean Model with Super-Slip Boundary Conditions",
2077     JOURNAL =jpo,
2078     VOLUME ="28",
2079     PAGES ="2130-2147",
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2081    
2082     @ARTICLE{lape02,
2083     AUTHOR ="Lacasce, J. H. and Pedlosky, J.",
2084     TITLE ="Baroclinic {Rossby} waves in irregular basins",
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2086     VOLUME ="32",
2087     NUMBER ="10",
2088     PAGES ="2828-2847",
2089     YEAR ="2002"}
2090    
2091     @ARTICLE{lape04,
2092     AUTHOR ="Lacasce, J. H. and Pedlosky, J.",
2093     TITLE ="The Instability of {Rossby} Basin Modes and the Oceanic Eddy Field",
2094     JOURNAL =jpo,
2095     NOTE ="submitted",
2096     YEAR ="2004"}
2097    
2098     @ARTICLE{mash81,
2099     AUTHOR ="John C. Marshall and Glenn Shutts",
2100     TITLE ="A Note on Rotational and Divergent Eddy Fluxes",
2101     JOURNAL =jpo,
2102     VOLUME ="11",
2103     PAGES ="1677-1680",
2104     YEAR ="1981"}
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2106     @ARTICLE{ma84,
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2108     TITLE ="Eddy Mean flow interaction in a barotropic ocean model",
2109     JOURNAL =qjrms,
2110     VOLUME ="100",
2111     NUMBER ="465",
2112     PAGES ="573-590",
2113     YEAR ="1984"}
2114    
2115     @ARTICLE{haho81,
2116     AUTHOR ="D. E. Harrison and W. R. Holland",
2117     TITLE ="Regional Eddy Vorticity Transport and the Equilibrium Vorticity Budgets of a Numerical Model Ocean Circulation",
2118     JOURNAL =jpo,
2119     VOLUME ="11",
2120     PAGES ="190-208",
2121     YEAR ="1981"}
2122    
2123     @ARTICLE{labo00,
2124     AUTHOR ="Joseph LaCasce and Amy S. Bower",
2125     TITLE ="Relative Dispersion in the Subsurface {North Atlantic}",
2126     JOURNAL =jmr,
2127     VOLUME ="58",
2128     PAGES ="863-894",
2129     YEAR ="2000"}
2130    
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2173     TITLE ="Dissipative Dynamics of Western Boundary Currents",
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2476     TITLE = {{The Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment - ASTEX}},
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2598     PAGES = {201-208},
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2622     adjustment scheme. Part I: Model description and
2623     control simulation}},
2624     JOURNAL = mwr,
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2627     YEAR = 1990
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2634     JOURNAL = {Nature},
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2644     VOLUME = 111,
2645     PAGES = {756-773},
2646     YEAR = 1983
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2655     YEAR = 1988
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2659     AUTHOR = {Barnett, T. P. and M. Latif and E. Kirk and E. Roeckner},
2660     TITLE = {{On ENSO physics}},
2661     JOURNAL = jc,
2662     VOLUME = 4,
2663     PAGES = {487-515},
2664     YEAR = 1991
2665     }
2666    
2667     @ARTICLE{Barnett:etal1993,
2668     AUTHOR = {{Barnett, T.P., M. Latif, N. Graham, M. Fl\"{u}gel,
2669     S. Pazan and W. White}},
2670     TITLE = {{ENSO and ENSO-related predictability. Part I: Prediction of
2671     equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature with a hybrid coupled
2672     ocean-atmosphere model}},
2673     JOURNAL = jc,
2674     YEAR = 1993,
2675     VOLUME = 6,
2676     PAGES = {1545-1566}
2677     }
2678    
2679     @ARTICLE{Barnett:etal1999,
2680     AUTHOR = {{Barnett, T.P., D. W. Pierce, R. Saravanan, N. Schneider, D. Dommenget, M. Latif}},
2681     TITLE = {{Origins of the midlatitude Pacific decadal variability}},
2682     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
2683     YEAR = 1999,
2684     VOLUME = 26,
2685     PAGES = {1453-1456}
2686     }
2687    
2688     @ARTICLE{Barnston:Livezey1987,
2689     AUTHOR = {A. Barnston and R. E. Livezey},
2690     TITLE = {{Classification, seasonality and persistence of
2691     low-frequency circulation patterns}},
2692     JOURNAL = mwr,
2693     VOLUME = 115,
2694     PAGES = {1083-1126},
2695     YEAR = 1987
2696     }
2697    
2698     @ARTICLE{Barsugli:Battisti1998,
2699     AUTHOR = {J. J. Barsugli and D. S. Battisti},
2700     TITLE = {{The basic effects of atmosphere
2701     ocean thermal coupling on midlatitude variability.}},
2702     JOURNAL = jas,
2703     VOLUME = {55},
2704     PAGES = {477-493},
2705     YEAR = 1998,
2706     NOTE = {}
2707     }
2708    
2709     @ARTICLE{Bates1999,
2710     AUTHOR = {J. R. Bates},
2711     TITLE = {{A dynamical stabilizer in the climate system: a mechanism
2712     suggested by a simple model}},
2713     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
2714     VOLUME = {51A},
2715     PAGES = {349-372},
2716     YEAR = 1999,
2717     NOTE = {}
2718     }
2719    
2720     @ARTICLE{we61,
2721     AUTHOR = {Ferris Webster},
2722     TITLE = {{The Effect of Meanders on the Kinetic Energy Balance of the Gulf Stream}},
2723     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
2724     VOLUME = {13},
2725     PAGES = {392-401},
2726     YEAR = {1961},
2727     NOTE = {}
2728     }
2729    
2730     @ARTICLE{scst98,
2731     AUTHOR = {Scott, R. B. and Straub, D. N.},
2732     TITLE = {Small Viscosity Behavior of a Homogeneous, Quasigeostrophic, Ocean Circulation Model},
2733     JOURNAL = jmr,
2734     VOLUME = {56},
2735     PAGES = {1225-1258},
2736     YEAR = {1998},
2737     NOTE = {}
2738     }
2739    
2740     @ARTICLE{Battisti1988,
2741     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D.S.},
2742     TITLE = {The dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in
2743     a coupled tropical atmosphere/ocean model.},
2744     JOURNAL = jas,
2745     YEAR = 1988,
2746     VOLUME = 45,
2747     PAGES = {2889-2919}
2748     }
2749    
2750     @BOOK{Battisti1988th,
2751     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D. S.},
2752     TITLE = {{Dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in a tropical atmosphere/ocean model}},
2753     PAGES = 153,
2754     YEAR = 1988,
2755     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis}}
2756     }
2757    
2758     @ARTICLE{Battisti:Hirst1989,
2759     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D. S. and A. C. Hirst},
2760     TITLE = {{Interannual variability in the tropical atmosphere/ocean system: influence of the basic state and ocean geometry}},
2761     JOURNAL = jas,
2762     VOLUME = 46,
2763     PAGES = {1687-1712},
2764     YEAR = 1989
2765     }
2766    
2767     @ARTICLE{Battisti:etal1995,
2768     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D. S. and U. S. Bhatt and M. A. Alexander},
2769     TITLE = {{A modeling study of the interannual variability in the
2770     wintertime North Atlantic Ocean}},
2771     JOURNAL = jc,
2772     VOLUME = 8,
2773     PAGES = {3067-3083},
2774     YEAR = 1995
2775     }
2776    
2777     @BOOK{Baumgartner:Reichel1975,
2778     AUTHOR = {A. Baumgartner and E. Reichel},
2779     TITLE = {{The world water balance: Mean annual global, continental and maritime precipitation, evaporation and run-off}},
2780     PAGES = 179,
2781     FIGS = {maps, 31},
2782     YEAR = 1975,
2783     PUBLISHER = {{Elsevier, Amsterdam}}
2784     }
2785    
2786     @ARTICLE{Beljaars:Holtslag1984,
2787     AUTHOR = {Beljaars, A. C. M. and A. A. M. Holtslag},
2788     TITLE = {{Flux parameterization over land surfaces for
2789     atmospheric models}},
2790     JOURNAL = {J. Appl. Meteor.},
2791     YEAR = 1984,
2792     VOLUME = 30,
2793     PAGES = {327-341}
2794     }
2795    
2796     @INCOLLECTION{Bengston1986,
2797     AUTHOR = {L. Begnston},
2798     TITLE = {{Four dimensional data assimilation. }},
2799     EDITOR = {{}},
2800     BOOKTITLE = {{International Conference on the results of the Global Weather Experiment and Their Implications for the World Weather Watch May 1985,}},
2801     PAGES = {27-31},
2802     YEAR = 1986,
2803     PUBLISHER = {Geneva, Switzerland. WMO/TD No. 107, GARP Pub.No.26, I: 187-216.}
2804     }
2805    
2806     @ARTICLE{Bennett:Budgell1987,
2807     AUTHOR = {A.F. Bennett and W.P. Budgell},
2808     TITLE = {{Ocean Data Assimilation and the Kalman Filter:
2809     Spatial Regularity}},
2810     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
2811     YEAR = 1987,
2812     VOLUME = 17,
2813     PAGES = {1584-1601}
2814     }
2815    
2816     @TECHREPORT{Berliand:Berliand1952,
2817     AUTHOR = {M. E. Berliand and T. G. Berliand},
2818     TITLE = {{Determining the net longwave radiation of the Earth
2819     with consideration of the effect of cloudiness (in Russian)}},
2820     INSTITUTION = {Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR Ser. Geofiz.},
2821     YEAR = 1952,
2822     NUMBER = 1,
2823     PAGES = {}
2824     }
2825    
2826     @ARTICLE{Betts1973,
2827     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2828     TITLE = {{Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its
2829     parameterization}},
2830     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
2831     VOLUME = 99,
2832     PAGES = {178-196},
2833     YEAR = 1973
2834     }
2835    
2836     @ARTICLE{Betts1975,
2837     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2838     TITLE = {{Parametric interpretation of trade-wind cumulus budget studies}},
2839     JOURNAL = jas,
2840     VOLUME = 32,
2841     PAGES = {1934-1945},
2842     YEAR = 1975
2843     }
2844    
2845     @ARTICLE{Betts1976,
2846     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2847     TITLE = {{Modeling subcloud layer structure and interaction with a
2848     shallow cumulus layer}},
2849     JOURNAL = jas,
2850     VOLUME = 33,
2851     PAGES = {2363-2382},
2852     YEAR = 1976
2853     }
2854    
2855     @ARTICLE{Betts1982a,
2856     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2857     TITLE = {{Saturation point analysis of moist convective overturning}},
2858     JOURNAL = jas,
2859     VOLUME = 39,
2860     PAGES = {1484-1505},
2861     YEAR = 1982
2862     }
2863    
2864     @ARTICLE{Betts1982b,
2865     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2866     TITLE = {{Cloud thermodynamic models in saturation point coordinates}},
2867     JOURNAL = jas,
2868     VOLUME = 39,
2869     PAGES = {2182-2191},
2870     YEAR = 1982
2871     }
2872    
2873     @ARTICLE{Betts1986,
2874     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2875     TITLE = {{A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: Observational and theoretical basis}},
2876     JOURNAL = {Q.J.Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
2877     VOLUME = 112,
2878     PAGES = {677-691},
2879     YEAR = 1986
2880     }
2881    
2882     @ARTICLE{Betts1990,
2883     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2884     TITLE = {{Greenhouse warming and the tropical water vapor budget}},
2885     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
2886     VOLUME = 71,
2887     PAGES = {1465-1467},
2888     YEAR = 1986
2889     }
2890    
2891     @ARTICLE{Betts1995,
2892     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2893     TITLE = {{A lagged mixing parameterization for the dry convective
2894     boundary layer}},
2895     JOURNAL = mwr,
2896     VOLUME = 123,
2897     PAGES = {1912-1915},
2898     YEAR = 1995
2899     }
2900    
2901     @ARTICLE{Betts:Albrecht1987,
2902     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and B. A. Albrecht},
2903     TITLE = {{Conserved variable analysis of boundary layer thermodynamic
2904     structure over the tropical oceans}},
2905     JOURNAL = jas,
2906     VOLUME = 44,
2907     PAGES = {83-99},
2908     YEAR = 1987
2909     }
2910    
2911     @ARTICLE{Betts:Boers1990,
2912     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and R. Boers},
2913     TITLE = {{A cloudiness transition in a marine boundary layer}},
2914     JOURNAL = jas,
2915     VOLUME = 46,
2916     PAGES = {2621-2641},
2917     YEAR = 1990
2918     }
2919    
2920     @ARTICLE{Betts:Miller1986,
2921     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and M. J. Miller},
2922     TITLE = {{A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column
2923     tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and arctic
2924     air-mass data sets}},
2925     JOURNAL = {Q.J.Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
2926     VOLUME = 112,
2927     PAGES = {693-709},
2928     YEAR = 1986
2929     }
2930    
2931     @INCOLLECTION{Betts:Miller1993,
2932     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and M. J. Miller},
2933     TITLE = {{The Betts-Miller scheme}},
2934     EDITOR = {{K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond}},
2935     BOOKTITLE = {{The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models}},
2936     PAGES = {107-121},
2937     YEAR = 1993,
2938     PUBLISHER = {American Meteorological Society, Boston}
2939     }
2940    
2941     @ARTICLE{Betts:Ridgway1988,
2942     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and W. Ridgway},
2943     TITLE = {{Coupling of radiative, convective, and surface fluxes over
2944     the equatorial Pacific}},
2945     JOURNAL = jas,
2946     VOLUME = 45,
2947     PAGES = {522-536},
2948     YEAR = 1988
2949     }
2950    
2951     @ARTICLE{Betts:Ridgway1989,
2952     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and W. Ridgway},
2953     TITLE = {{Climatic equilibrium of the atmospheric convective boundary
2954     layer over a tropical ocean}},
2955     JOURNAL = jas,
2956     VOLUME = 46,
2957     PAGES = {2621-2641},
2958     YEAR = 1989
2959     }
2960    
2961     @ARTICLE{Betts:Ridgway1992,
2962     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and W. Ridgway},
2963     TITLE = {{Tropical boundary layer equilibrium in the last ice age}},
2964     JOURNAL = jgr,
2965     VOLUME = 97,
2966     PAGES = {2529-2534},
2967     YEAR = 1992
2968     }
2969    
2970     @ARTICLE{Betts:etal1995,
2971     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and C. S. Bretherton and E. Klinker},
2972     TITLE = {{Relation between mean boundary-layer structure and
2973     cloudiness at the R/V {\em Valdivia} during ASTEX}},
2974     JOURNAL = jas,
2975     VOLUME = 52,
2976     PAGES = {2752-2762},
2977     YEAR = 1995
2978     }
2979    
2980     @ARTICLE{Bhatt:etal1998,
2981     AUTHOR = {U. S. Bhatt and M. A. Alexander and D. S. Battisti and
2982     D. D. Houghton and L. M. Keller},
2983     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-ocean interaction in the North Atlantic:
2984     Near-surface variability}},
2985     JOURNAL = jc,
2986     VOLUME = 11,
2987     PAGES = {1615-1632},
2988     YEAR = 1998
2989     }
2990    
2991     @BOOK{Bigg1996,
2992     AUTHOR = {G. R. Bigg},
2993     TITLE = {{The Oceans and Climate}},
2994     PAGES = 266,
2995     YEAR = 1996,
2996     PUBLISHER = {{Cambridge University Press, England, 266pp}}
2997     }
2998    
2999     @ARTICLE{Bishop:Rossow1991,
3000     AUTHOR = {J. K. B. Bishop and W. B. Rossow},
3001     TITLE = {{Spatial and temporal variability of global surface solar irradiance}},
3002     JOURNAL = jgr,
3003     VOLUME = 96,
3004     PAGES = {16 839-16 858},
3005     YEAR = 1991
3006     }
3007    
3008     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1964,
3009     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
3010     TITLE = {{Atlantic air-sea interaction}},
3011     JOURNAL = {Adv. in Geophys.},
3012     VOLUME = 10,
3013     PAGES = {1-82},
3014     YEAR = 1964
3015     }
3016    
3017     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1966,
3018     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
3019     TITLE = {{A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anormalies of ocean temperature.}},
3020     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
3021     VOLUME = 18,
3022     PAGES = {820-29},
3023     YEAR = 1966
3024     }
3025    
3026     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1969,
3027     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
3028     TITLE = {{Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific}},
3029     JOURNAL = mwr,
3030     VOLUME = 97,
3031     PAGES = {163-72},
3032     YEAR = 1969
3033     }
3034    
3035     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1972,
3036     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
3037     TITLE = {{Large-scale atmospheric response to the 1964-65 Pacific equatorial warming}},
3038     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3039     VOLUME = 15,
3040     PAGES = {1255-73},
3041     YEAR = 1972
3042     }
3043    
3044     @ARTICLE{Blade:Hartmann1993,
3045     AUTHOR = {I. Blad\'{e} and D. L. Hartmann},
3046     TITLE = {{Tropical intraseasonal oscillations in a simple nonlinear model}},
3047     JOURNAL = jas,
3048     VOLUME = 50,
3049     PAGES = {2922-2939},
3050     YEAR = 1993
3051     }
3052    
3053     @ARTICLE{Blade1999,
3054     AUTHOR = {I. Blad\'{e}},
3055     TITLE = {{The influence of mid-latitude ocean-atmosphere coupling on
3056     the low-frequency variability of a GCM. Part II:
3057     Interannual variability induced by tropical SST forcing}},
3058     JOURNAL = jc,
3059     VOLUME = 12,
3060     PAGES = {21-45},
3061     YEAR = 1999
3062     }
3063    
3064     @ARTICLE{Blanc1987,
3065     AUTHOR = {T. V. Blanc},
3066     TITLE = {{Accuracy of bulk method determined flux, stability, and sea surface roughness}},
3067     JOURNAL = jgr,
3068     VOLUME = 80,
3069     PAGES = {3867-3876},
3070     YEAR = 1987
3071     }
3072    
3073     @ARTICLE{Blandford1966,
3074     AUTHOR = {Blandford, R.},
3075     TITLE = {{Mixed gravity-{Rossby} waves in the ocean}},
3076     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
3077     YEAR = {1966},
3078     VOLUME = {13},
3079     OPTNUMBER = {},
3080     PAGES = {941-961},
3081     OPTMONTH = {},
3082     OPTNOTE = {}
3083     }
3084    
3085     @ARTICLE{Bleck1979,
3086     AUTHOR = {R. Bleck},
3087     TITLE = {{Finite-difference equations in generalized vertical coordinates. Part II: Potential vorticity conservation}},
3088     JOURNAL = {Contrib. Atmos. Phys.},
3089     VOLUME = 51,
3090     PAGES = {360-372},
3091     YEAR = 1979
3092     }
3093    
3094     @ARTICLE{Bleck:Boudra1981,
3095     AUTHOR = {R. Bleck and D. B. Boudra},
3096     TITLE = {{Initial testing of a numerical ocean circulation model using a hybird (quasi-isopycinc) vertical coordinate}},
3097     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3098     VOLUME = 11,
3099     PAGES = {755-770},
3100     YEAR = 1981
3101     }
3102    
3103     @ARTICLE{Bleck:Boudra1986,
3104     AUTHOR = {R. Bleck and D. B. Boudra},
3105     TITLE = {{Wind-driven spin-up in eddy-resolving ocean models formulated in isopycnic and isobaric coordinates}},
3106     JOURNAL = jgr,
3107     VOLUME = 91,
3108     PAGES = {7611-7621},
3109     YEAR = 1986
3110     }
3111    
3112     @BOOK{Blumenthal1987,
3113     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3114     TITLE = {{Interpretation of equatorial current meter data as internal waves}},
3115     PAGES = 381,
3116     YEAR = 1987,
3117     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis, MIT/WHOI, WHOI-87-7}}
3118     }
3119    
3120     @INPROCEEDINGS{Blumenthal1990,
3121     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3122     TITLE = {Effects of{ West African} air humidity on Atlantic sea surface temperature.},
3123     BOOKTITLE = {Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought},
3124     YEAR = 1990,
3125     EDITOR = {Prof. R. Paepe and Rhodes W. Fairbridge and Saskia Jelgersma},
3126     PAGES = {21-40},
3127     SERIES = {NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
3128     Geohydrological Management of Sea Level and
3129     Mitigation of Drought},
3130     PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
3131     ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}
3132     }
3133    
3134     @ARTICLE{Blumenthal1991,
3135     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3136     TITLE = {Predictability of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model},
3137     JOURNAL = jc,
3138     YEAR = 1991,
3139     VOLUME = {4},
3140     NUMBER = 8,
3141     PAGES = {766-784}
3142     }
3143    
3144     @UNPUBLISHED{Blumenthal1992,
3145     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3146     TITLE = {{An advective air-humidity model}},
3147     YEAR = {1992}
3148     }
3149    
3150     @ARTICLE{Blumenthal:Cane1989,
3151     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal and Mark A. Cane},
3152     TITLE = {{Accounting for parameter uncertainties in model verification: an illustration with tropical sea surface temperature}},
3153     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3154     VOLUME = 19,
3155     PAGES = {815-830},
3156     YEAR = 1989
3157     }
3158    
3159     @ARTICLE{Blumenthal:etal1994,
3160     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal and R. Seager and Mark A. Cane},
3161     TITLE = {{Two dynamical improvements of a model for tropical Pacific
3162     sea surface temperature}},
3163     JOURNAL = {to be submitted to J. Geophys. Res.},
3164     VOLUME = {},
3165     PAGES = {},
3166     YEAR = 1994
3167     }
3168    
3169     @ARTICLE{Boers:Betts1988,
3170     AUTHOR = {R. Boers and A. K. Betts},
3171     TITLE = {{Saturation point structure of marine stratocumulus clouds}},
3172     JOURNAL = jas,
3173     VOLUME = 45,
3174     PAGES = {1156-1175},
3175     YEAR = 1988
3176     }
3177    
3178     @BOOK{Boerstel1988,
3179     AUTHOR = {J. W. Boerstel},
3180     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation in 3-D Euler flow simulation, numerical methods of fluid dynamics 111}},
3181     PAGES = {187-214},
3182     YEAR = 1988,
3183     PUBLISHER = {{Oxford, England}}
3184     }
3185    
3186     @ARTICLE{Bourke:McGregor1983,
3187     AUTHOR = {W. Bourke and J. L. McGregor},
3188     TITLE = {{A nonlinear vertical mode initialization scheme for a
3189     limited area prediction model}},
3190     JOURNAL = mwr,
3191     VOLUME = 111,
3192     PAGES = {2285-2297},
3193     YEAR = 1983
3194     }
3195    
3196     @ARTICLE{Boyle:Keigwin1987,
3197     AUTHOR = {Boyle, E. A. and L. Keigwin},
3198     TITLE = {{North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the past
3199     20,000 years linked to high-latitude surface
3200     temperature}},
3201     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3202     VOLUME = {315},
3203     PAGES = {35-40},
3204     YEAR = {1987}
3205     }
3206    
3207     @ARTICLE{Branscome:etal1989,
3208     AUTHOR = {L. E. Branscome and W. J. Gutowski and D. A. Stewart},
3209     TITLE = {{Effect of surface fluxes on the nonlinear development of
3210     baroclinic waves}},
3211     JOURNAL = jas,
3212     VOLUME = 46,
3213     PAGES = {460-475},
3214     YEAR = 1989
3215     }
3216    
3217     @ARTICLE{Bretherton1982,
3218     AUTHOR = {F. Bretherton},
3219     TITLE = {{Ocean climate modeling}},
3220     JOURNAL = {Progr. Oceanogr.},
3221     VOLUME = 46,
3222     PAGES = {2621-2641},
3223     YEAR = 1982
3224     }
3225    
3226     @ARTICLE{Bretherton1993,
3227     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton},
3228     TITLE = {{Understanding Albrecht's model of trade cumulus cloud fields}},
3229     JOURNAL = jas,
3230     VOLUME = 50,
3231     PAGES = {2264-2283},
3232     YEAR = 1993
3233     }
3234    
3235     @ARTICLE{Bretherton:etal1992,
3236     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton and C. Smith and J. M. Wallace},
3237     TITLE = {{An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns
3238     in climate data}},
3239     JOURNAL = jc,
3240     VOLUME = 5,
3241     PAGES = {541-560},
3242     YEAR = 1992
3243     }
3244    
3245     @ARTICLE{Bretherton:Battisti2000,
3246     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton and D. S. Battisti},
3247     TITLE = {{An interpretation of the results from atmospheric general
3248     circulation models forced by the time history of the
3249     observed sea surface temperature distribution}},
3250     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
3251     VOLUME = {27},
3252     PAGES = {767-770},
3253     YEAR = 2000,
3254     NOTE = {}
3255     }
3256    
3257     @ARTICLE{Bretherton:etal1995,
3258     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton and E. Klinker and A. K Betts and
3259     J. A. Coakley},
3260     TITLE = {{Comparison of ceilometer, satellite and synoptic
3261     measurements of boundary layer cloudiness and the
3262     ECMWF diagnostic cloud parameterization scheme
3263     during ASTEX}},
3264     JOURNAL = jas,
3265     VOLUME = 52,
3266     PAGES = {2736-2751},
3267     YEAR = 1995
3268     }
3269    
3270     @ARTICLE{Briscoe1977,
3271     AUTHOR = {M. Briscoe},
3272     TITLE = {{Gaussianity of internal waves}},
3273     JOURNAL = jgr,
3274     VOLUME = 82,
3275     PAGES = {2117-2126},
3276     YEAR = 1977
3277     }
3278    
3279     @ARTICLE{Broccoli:Manabe1987,
3280     AUTHOR = {Broccoli, A. J. and S. Manabe},
3281     TITLE = {{The influence of continental ice, atmospheric $CO_2$, and
3282     land albedo on the climate of the last glacial maximum}},
3283     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
3284     VOLUME = 1,
3285     PAGES = {87-99},
3286     YEAR = 1987
3287     }
3288    
3289     @ARTICLE{Broecker1987,
3290     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3291     TITLE = {{The biggest chill}},
3292     JOURNAL = {Natural History},
3293     VOLUME = 96,
3294     PAGES = {74-82},
3295     YEAR = 1987
3296     }
3297    
3298     @ARTICLE{Broecker1991,
3299     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3300     TITLE = {{The great ocean conveyor}},
3301     JOURNAL = {Oceanography},
3302     VOLUME = 4,
3303     PAGES = {79-89},
3304     YEAR = 1991
3305     }
3306    
3307     @ARTICLE{Broecker1994,
3308     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3309     TITLE = {{Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global
3310     climate change}},
3311     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3312     VOLUME = 372,
3313     PAGES = {412--424},
3314     YEAR = 1994
3315     }
3316    
3317     @ARTICLE{Broecker1997a,
3318     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3319     TITLE = {{Mountain Glaciers: Recorders of atmospheric water vapor content?}},
3320     JOURNAL = {Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles},
3321     VOLUME = {11},
3322     PAGES = {589-597},
3323     YEAR = 1997
3324     }
3325    
3326     @ARTICLE{Broecker1997b,
3327     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3328     TITLE = {{Thermohaline circulation, the Achilles heel of our climate
3329     system: Will man-made $CO_2$ upset the climate balance?}},
3330     JOURNAL = {Science},
3331     VOLUME = {278},
3332     PAGES = {1582-1588},
3333     YEAR = 1997
3334     }
3335    
3336     @ARTICLE{Broecker:Denton1989,
3337     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker and G. H. Denton},
3338     TITLE = {{The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles}},
3339     JOURNAL = {Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta},
3340     VOLUME = {53},
3341     PAGES = {2465-2501},
3342     YEAR = 1989
3343     }
3344    
3345     @ARTICLE{Broecker:Denton1990,
3346     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker and G. H. Denton},
3347     TITLE = {{What drives glacial cycles?}},
3348     JOURNAL = {Sci. Am.},
3349     VOLUME = {},
3350     PAGES = {49-56},
3351     YEAR = 1990
3352     }
3353    
3354     @ARTICLE{Bryan1969,
3355     AUTHOR = {K. Bryan},
3356     TITLE = {{A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world ocean}},
3357     JOURNAL = {J. Comput. Phys.},
3358     VOLUME = 4,
3359     PAGES = {347-376},
3360     YEAR = 1969
3361     }
3362    
3363     @ARTICLE{Bryan1986F,
3364     AUTHOR = {F. Bryan},
3365     TITLE = {{High-latitude salinity effects and interhemispheric thermohaline circulations}},
3366     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3367     VOLUME = 323,
3368     PAGES = {301-304},
3369     YEAR = 1986
3370     }
3371    
3372     @ARTICLE{Bryan1986K,
3373     AUTHOR = {K. Bryan},
3374     TITLE = {{Poleward bouyancy transport in the ocean and mesoscale eddies}},
3375     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3376     VOLUME = 16,
3377     PAGES = {927-933},
3378     YEAR = 1986
3379     }
3380    
3381     @ARTICLE{Bryan1987,
3382     AUTHOR = {F. Bryan},
3383     TITLE = {{Parameter sensitivity of primitive equation ocean general circulation models}},
3384     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3385     VOLUME = 17,
3386     PAGES = {970-985},
3387     YEAR = 1987
3388     }
3389    
3390     @ARTICLE{Bunker:etal1949,
3391     AUTHOR = {A. Bunker and B. Haurwitz and J.S. Malkus and H. M. Stommel},
3392     TITLE = {{Vertical distribution of temperature and humidity over the Caribbean sea}},
3393     JOURNAL = {Papers in Phys. Oceanogr. and Met. {\rm published by Mass. Inst. Tech. and Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst.}},
3394     VOLUME = 11,
3395     PAGES = {1-82},
3396     YEAR = 1949
3397     }
3398    
3399     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:Cane1983,
3400     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and Mark A. Cane},
3401     TITLE = {{Hindcast of 1982-1983 Pacific sea level}},
3402     JOURNAL = {Papers from 1982-1983 ENSO Data Display Workshop},
3403     PAGES = {147-158},
3404     YEAR = 1983
3405     }
3406    
3407     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:Cane1985,
3408     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and Mark A. Cane},
3409     TITLE = {{Hindcasts of sea level variations during 1982/83 El Ni\~no}},
3410     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3411     VOLUME = 15,
3412     PAGES = {213-221},
3413     YEAR = 1985
3414     }
3415    
3416     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:Cane1988,
3417     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and Mark A. Cane},
3418     TITLE = {{The effect of varying stratification on low-frequency equatorial motions}},
3419     JOURNAL = { J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3420     VOLUME = 18,
3421     PAGES = {213-221},
3422     YEAR = 1988
3423     }
3424    
3425     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:OBrien1981,
3426     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and J.J. O'Brien},
3427     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific in the 1960s}},
3428     JOURNAL = jgr,
3429     VOLUME = 86,
3430     PAGES = {10901-10907},
3431     YEAR = 1981
3432     }
3433    
3434     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:etal1983,
3435     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and K. Takeuchi and J.J. O'Brien},
3436     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific - revisited}},
3437     JOURNAL = {J. of Geophys. Res.},
3438     VOLUME = 88,
3439     PAGES = {7551-7562},
3440     YEAR = 1983
3441     }
3442    
3443     @ARTICLE{Bush:Philander1998,
3444     AUTHOR = {Bush, A. B. G. and S. G. H. Philander},
3445     TITLE = {{The role of ocean-atmosphere interactions in tropical
3446     cooling during the last glacial maximum}},
3447     JOURNAL = {Science},
3448     VOLUME = 279,
3449     PAGES = {1341-1344},
3450     YEAR = 1998
3451     }
3452    
3453     @ARTICLE{Businger:etal1971,
3454     AUTHOR = {Businger, J. A. and J. C. Wyngaard and Y. Izumi and E. F. Bradley},
3455     TITLE = {{Flux-Profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer}},
3456     JOURNAL = jas,
3457     VOLUME = 28,
3458     PAGES = {181-189},
3459     YEAR = 1971
3460     }
3461    
3462     @ARTICLE{Canby1984,
3463     AUTHOR = {Canby, T.Y.},
3464     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no's} Ill Wind},
3465     JOURNAL = {Natl. Geogr.},
3466     YEAR = 1984,
3467     VOLUME = 165,
3468     PAGES = {144-183}
3469     }
3470    
3471     @BOOK{Cane1975,
3472     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3473     TITLE = {{A study of the wind-driven ocean circulation in an equatorial basin}},
3474     PAGES = 372,
3475     YEAR = 1975,
3476     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology}}
3477     }
3478    
3479     @BOOK{numrec,
3480     AUTHOR = {William H. Press and Saul A. Teukolsky and William T. Vetterling and Brian P. Flannery},
3481     TITLE = {{Numerical Recipes in C}},
3482     PAGES = 993,
3483     YEAR = 1992,
3484     Edition = 2,
3485     PUBLISHER = {{Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom}}
3486     }
3487    
3488     @ARTICLE{Cane1979I,
3489     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3490     TITLE = {{The response of an equatorial ocean to simple wind stress patterns I: numerical results}},
3491     JOURNAL = jmr,
3492     VOLUME = 37,
3493     PAGES = { 233-252},
3494     YEAR = { 1979}
3495     }
3496    
3497     @ARTICLE{Cane1979II,
3498     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3499     TITLE = {{The response of an equatorial ocean to simple wind stress patterns II: numerical results}},
3500     JOURNAL = jmr,
3501     VOLUME = 37,
3502     PAGES = {355-398},
3503     YEAR = 1979
3504     }
3505    
3506     @ARTICLE{Cane1980,
3507     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3508     TITLE = {{On the dynamics of equatorial currents with application to the Indian ocean}},
3509     JOURNAL = jmr,
3510     VOLUME = {27A},
3511     PAGES = { 525-544},
3512     YEAR = 1980
3513     }
3514    
3515     @INCOLLECTION{Cane1982,
3516     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3517     TITLE = {{The variability of equatorial currents.}},
3518     EDITOR = {McCreary, J. P. and D. W. Moore and J. Witte},
3519     BOOKTITLE = {{Recent Progress in Equatorial Oceanography}},
3520     PAGES = {197-206},
3521     YEAR = 1982,
3522     PUBLISHER = { Nova/NYIT Press, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida}
3523     }
3524    
3525     @ARTICLE{Cane1983,
3526     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3527     TITLE = {{Oceanographic events during El Ni\~no}},
3528     JOURNAL = {Science},
3529     VOLUME = 222,
3530     PAGES = { 1189-1194},
3531     YEAR = { 1983}
3532     }
3533    
3534     @ARTICLE{Cane1984,
3535     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3536     TITLE = {{Modeling sea level during El Ni\~no}},
3537     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3538     VOLUME = 14,
3539     PAGES = {586-606},
3540     YEAR = 1984
3541     }
3542    
3543     @ARTICLE{Cane1986,
3544     AUTHOR = {Cane, M.A.},
3545     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no}},
3546     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet Sci.},
3547     YEAR = 1986,
3548     VOLUME = 14,
3549     PAGES = {43-70}
3550     }
3551    
3552     @ARTICLE{Cane1986ElNino,
3553     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3554     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no}},
3555     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
3556     VOLUME = 14,
3557     PAGES = {43-70},
3558     YEAR = 1986
3559     }
3560    
3561     @INCOLLECTION{Cane1986Introduction,
3562     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3563     TITLE = {{Introduction to ocean modeling.}},
3564     EDITOR = {J.J. O'Brien},
3565     BOOKTITLE = {{Advanced Physical Oceanographic Numerical Modeling}},
3566     PAGES = {5-21},
3567     YEAR = 1986,
3568     PUBLISHER = {Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland}
3569     }
3570    
3571     @ARTICLE{Cane1989,
3572     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3573     TITLE = {{A mathematical note on Kawase's study of the deep-ocean
3574     circulation}},
3575     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3576     VOLUME = 19,
3577     PAGES = {548-550},
3578     YEAR = 1989
3579     }
3580    
3581     @INCOLLECTION{Cane1991,
3582     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A.},
3583     TITLE = {{Forecasting El Ni\~no with a Geophysical Model}},
3584     BOOKTITLE = {{Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate
3585     Anomalies.}},
3586     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge U. Press},
3587     YEAR = 1991,
3588     EDITOR = {Glantz, M.H. and R.W. Katz and N. Nicholls},
3589     CHAPTER = 11,
3590     PAGES = {345-369},
3591     ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England}
3592     }
3593    
3594     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Busalacchi1987,
3595     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and A.J. Busalacchi},
3596     TITLE = {{Atlantic seasonality: conclusions.}},
3597     EDITOR = {E. Katz and J. Witte},
3598     BOOKTITLE = {{Further Progress in Equatorial Oceanography}},
3599     PAGES = {255-258},
3600     YEAR = { 1987},
3601     PUBLISHER = { Nova University Press, Ft. Lauderdale}
3602     }
3603    
3604     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Cardone1981,
3605     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and V. Cardone},
3606     TITLE = {{The potential impact of scatterometry on oceanography: a wave forecasting case.}},
3607     EDITOR = {J.F. Gower},
3608     BOOKTITLE = {{Oceanography from Spac}},
3609     PAGES = {587-596},
3610     YEAR = 1981,
3611     PUBLISHER = { Plenum Press, New York}
3612     }
3613    
3614     @ARTICLE{Cane:Gent1984,
3615     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and P. Gent},
3616     TITLE = {{Reflections of low-frequency equatorial waves at western
3617     boundaries}},
3618     JOURNAL = jmr,
3619     VOLUME = 42,
3620     PAGES = {487-502},
3621     YEAR = 1984
3622     }
3623    
3624     @ARTICLE{Cane:Moore1981,
3625     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and D.W. Moore},
3626     TITLE = {{A note on low frequency equatorial basin modes}},
3627     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3628     VOLUME = 11,
3629     PAGES = {1578-1584},
3630     YEAR = 1981
3631     }
3632    
3633     @ARTICLE{Cane:Patton1984,
3634     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and R.J. Patton},
3635     TITLE = {{A numerical model for low-frequency equatorial dynamics}},
3636     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3637     VOLUME = 14,
3638     PAGES = {1853-1863},
3639     YEAR = 1984
3640     }
3641    
3642     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1976,
3643     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3644     TITLE = {{Forced baroclinic ocean motions I: The linear equatorial unbounded case}},
3645     JOURNAL = jmr,
3646     VOLUME = 34,
3647     PAGES = {629-664},
3648     YEAR = 1976
3649     }
3650    
3651     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1977,
3652     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3653     TITLE = {{Forced baroclinic ocean motions II: The linear equatorial bounded case}},
3654     JOURNAL = jmr,
3655     VOLUME = 35,
3656     PAGES = {395-432},
3657     YEAR = 1977
3658     }
3659    
3660     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1979,
3661     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3662     TITLE = {{Forced baroclinic ocean motion III: an enclosed ocean}},
3663     JOURNAL = jmr,
3664     VOLUME = 37,
3665     PAGES = { 355-398},
3666     YEAR = 1979
3667     }
3668    
3669     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1981,
3670     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3671     TITLE = {{The response of a linear baroclinic equatorial ocean to periodic forcing}},
3672     JOURNAL = jmr,
3673     VOLUME = 39,
3674     PAGES = {651-693},
3675     YEAR = 1981
3676     }
3677    
3678     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Sarachik1982,
3679     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3680     TITLE = {{Linear baroclinic response of equatorial oceans to periodic forcing.}},
3681     EDITOR = {McCreary, J. P. and D. W. Moore and J. Witte},
3682     BOOKTITLE = {{Recent Progress in Equatorial Oceanography}},
3683     PAGES = {365 -372},
3684     YEAR = 1982,
3685     PUBLISHER = { NOVA/NYIT Press, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida}
3686     }
3687    
3688     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1983:Equatorial,
3689     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3690     TITLE = {{Equatorial oceanography}},
3691     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys. and Space Physics},
3692     VOLUME = 21,
3693     PAGES = { 1137-1148},
3694     YEAR = { 1983}
3695     }
3696    
3697     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1983:Seasonal,
3698     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3699     TITLE = {{Seasonal heat transports in a forced equatorial baroclinic model}},
3700     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3701     VOLUME = 13,
3702     PAGES = {1744-1746},
3703     YEAR = { 1983}
3704     }
3705    
3706     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zebiak1985,
3707     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3708     TITLE = {{A theory for El Ni\~no and the Southern Oscillation}},
3709     JOURNAL = {Science},
3710     VOLUME = 228,
3711     PAGES = {1085-1087},
3712     YEAR = 1985
3713     }
3714    
3715     @INPROCEEDINGS{Cane:Zebiak1987,
3716     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3717     TITLE = {{Deterministic prediction of El Ni\~no events.}},
3718     BOOKTITLE = {Atmospheric and Oceanic Variability},
3719     YEAR = 1987,
3720     EDITOR = {H. Cattle},
3721     PAGES = {153-182},
3722     PUBLISHER = {Royal Meteorological Society/American Meteorological Society}
3723     }
3724    
3725     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zebiak1988,
3726     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3727     TITLE = {{Dynamical forecasts of the 1986-1987 ENSO with a coupled model}},
3728     JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the 13th Climate diagnostics Workshop, Oct. 3l - Nov. 4, 1988},
3729     YEAR = 1988
3730     }
3731    
3732     @BOOK{Cane:Zebiak1988:On,
3733     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3734     TITLE = {{On the Mechanisms of the El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation Cycle, in Study Week on: Persistent Meteo-oceanographic anomalies and Teleconnections}},
3735     PAGES = {59-96},
3736     YEAR = {1988},
3737     PUBLISHER = {{C. Chagas and G. Puppi, Eds. (Pontifical Academy of Science), Vatican City}}
3738     }
3739    
3740     @ARTICLE{Cane:duPenhoat1982,
3741     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and Y. du Penhoat},
3742     TITLE = {{On the effect of islands on low frequency equatorial motions}},
3743     JOURNAL = {J . Mar. Res.},
3744     VOLUME = 40,
3745     PAGES = { 937-962},
3746     YEAR = { 1982}
3747     }
3748    
3749     @ARTICLE{Cane:duPenhoat1989,
3750     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and Y. du Penhoat},
3751     TITLE = {{Effects of low latitude western boundary gaps on the reflection of equatorial motions}},
3752     JOURNAL = {},
3753     YEAR = {1989}
3754     }
3755    
3756     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1981,
3757     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and V. Cardone and M. Halem and I. Halberstam},
3758     TITLE = {{A simulation study of the impact of SEASAT-A on weather prediction}},
3759     JOURNAL = jgr,
3760     VOLUME = {86},
3761     PAGES = { 8093-8106},
3762     YEAR = { 1981}
3763     }
3764    
3765     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1986,
3766     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and S. E. Zebiak and S. C. Dolan},
3767     TITLE = {Experimental forecasts of {El Ni\~no}},
3768     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3769     VOLUME = 321,
3770     PAGES = {827-832},
3771     YEAR = 1986
3772     }
3773    
3774     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1990,
3775     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and M. M{\"u}nnich and S. E. Zebiak},
3776     TITLE = {{A Study of Self-Excited Oscillations of the Tropical
3777     Ocean-Atmosphere System. Part I: Linear Analysis}},
3778     JOURNAL = jas,
3779     YEAR = {1990},
3780     VOLUME = {47},
3781     OPTNUMBER = {13},
3782     PAGES = {1562-1577},
3783     OPTMONTH = {},
3784     OPTNOTE = {}
3785     }
3786    
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3789     TITLE = {{A note on use of monthly mean data in ocean mixed
3790     layer mdoels}},
3791     JOURNAL = {To be submitted},
3792     YEAR = {1995},
3793     VOLUME = {},
3794     OPTNUMBER = {},
3795     PAGES = {},
3796     OPTMONTH = {},
3797     OPTNOTE = {}
3798     }
3799    
3800     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zhao1995b,
3801     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and Y. Zhao},
3802     TITLE = {{On the connection of turbulence closure and bulk
3803     mixed layer models}},
3804     JOURNAL = {To be submitted},
3805     YEAR = {1995},
3806     VOLUME = {},
3807     OPTNUMBER = {},
3808     PAGES = {},
3809     OPTMONTH = {},
3810     OPTNOTE = {}
3811     }
3812    
3813     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1996,
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3815     TITLE = {{On the treatment of the wave operator in
3816     semi-Lagrangian schemes}},
3817     JOURNAL = mwr,
3818     YEAR = {1996},
3819     VOLUME = {},
3820     OPTNUMBER = {},
3821     PAGES = {},
3822     OPTMONTH = {},
3823     NOTE = {submitted}
3824     }
3825    
3826     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1997,
3827     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and A. C. Clement and A. Kaplan and
3828     Y. Kushnir and D. Pozdnyakov and R. Seager and
3829     S. E. Zebiak and R. Murtugudde},
3830     TITLE = {{Twentieth Century sea surface temperature trends}},
3831     JOURNAL = {Science},
3832     YEAR = {1997},
3833     VOLUME = {275},
3834     OPTNUMBER = {},
3835     PAGES = {957-960},
3836     OPTMONTH = {},
3837     NOTE = {}
3838     }
3839    
3840     @ARTICLE{Cane1998,
3841     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A.},
3842     TITLE = {{A role for the tropical Pacific}},
3843     JOURNAL = {Science},
3844     YEAR = {1998},
3845     VOLUME = {282},
3846     OPTNUMBER = {},
3847     PAGES = {59-60},
3848     OPTMONTH = {},
3849     NOTE = {}
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3853     AUTHOR = {M. A. Cane and A. C. Clement},
3854     TITLE = {{A role for the tropical Pacific coupled ocean-atmosphere
3855     system on Milankovitch and millenial timescales:
3856     Part II: Global impacts }},
3857     EDITOR = {{Peter U. Clark and Robert S. Webb and Lloyd D. Keigwin}},
3858     BOOKTITLE = {{Mechanisms of global climate change at millenial
3859     timescales, Geophysical Monograph 112}},
3860     PAGES = {373-383},
3861     YEAR = 1999,
3862     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysocal Union, Washington, DC}
3863     }
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3866     AUTHOR = {V. J. Cardone},
3867     TITLE = {{Specification of the wind field distribution in the marine boundary layer for wave forecasting.}},
3868     EDITOR = {{New York University, New York, NY}},
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3870     YEAR = 1969,
3871     PUBLISHER = {Available from NTIS AD\#702-490.}
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3876     TITLE = {{Error characteristics of extratropical storm wind fields specified from historical data}},
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3880     YEAR = 1980
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3882    
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3885     TITLE = {{On trends in historical marine wind data}},
3886     JOURNAL = jc,
3887     VOLUME = 3,
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3889     YEAR = 1990
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3891    
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3896     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
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3906     JOURNAL = jc,
3907     VOLUME = 5,
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3909     YEAR = 1992
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3911    
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3916     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
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3940     Global considerations of the Earth's energy balance},
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3950     the tropical Pacific Ocean using reduced gravity models}},
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3960     from thermodynamic air-sea interations}},
3961     JOURNAL = {Nature},
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3964     YEAR = 1997
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3968     AUTHOR = {P. Chang and C. Penland and L. Ji and L. Matrosova},
3969     TITLE = {{Prediction of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature}},
3970     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3971     VOLUME = {},
3972     PAGES = {},
3973     NOTE = {submitted},
3974     YEAR = 1997
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3980     atmospheric circulation over the tropical Atlantic sector}},
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3983     PAGES = {},
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4029     BOOKTITLE = {{Lectures in Applied Mathematics}},
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4140     YEAR = 1999,
4141     NOTE = {},
4142     VOLUME = {12},
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4149     TITLE = {{Orbital controls on the El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation and the tropical climate}},
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4151     YEAR = 1999,
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4153     VOLUME = {14},
4154     NUMBER = {},
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4160     TITLE = {{Suppression of El Ni\~no during the mid-Holocene by
4161     changes in the Earth's orbit}},
4162     JOURNAL = {Paleoceanogr.},
4163     YEAR = 2000,
4164     NOTE = {In press},
4165     VOLUME = {},
4166     NUMBER = {},
4167     PAGES = {}
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4172     TITLE = {{An orbitally driven trigger for abrupt climate changes}},
4173     JOURNAL = jc,
4174     YEAR = 2000,
4175     NOTE = {Submitted},
4176     VOLUME = {},
4177     NUMBER = {},
4178     PAGES = {}
4179     }
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4184     system on Milankovitch and millenial timescales:
4185     Part I: A modeling study of tropical Pacific variability}},
4186     EDITOR = {{Peter U. Clark and Robert S. Webb and Lloyd D. Keigwin}},
4187     BOOKTITLE = {{Mechanisms of global climate change at millenial
4188     timescales, Geophysical Monograph 112}},
4189     PAGES = {363-371},
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4191     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC}
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4215     analysis of the French hemispheric data set.}},
4216     JOURNAL = {Int. J. Climatology},
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4224     TITLE = {{In situ wind measurements and ocean response in the equatorial Atlantic during FOCAL/SEQUAL experiment}},
4225     JOURNAL = jgr,
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4229    
4230     @ARTICLE{Colin:Garzoli1988,
4231     AUTHOR = {Colin, C. and S. Garzoli},
4232     TITLE = {{High frequency variability of in situ wind temperature and current measurements in the equatorial Atlantic during the FOCAL/SEQUAL experiment}},
4233     JOURNAL = {Oceanologica Acta},
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4236     YEAR = 1988
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4238    
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4249     TITLE = {{United Kingdom Meteorological Office five-level gebneral
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4251     BOOKTITLE = {{Methods in Computational Physics}},
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4253     PAGES = {67-109},
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4255     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press, New York}},
4256     YEAR = {1977}
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4270     TITLE = {{The Pacific {El Ni\~no} phenomenon and the Atlantic
4271     circulation.}},
4272     JOURNAL = mwr,
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4274     VOLUME = {106},
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4281     @ARTICLE{Cox:Munk1956,
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4283     TITLE = {{Slopes of the sea surface deduced from photographs of the
4284     sun glitter}},
4285     JOURNAL = {Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr.},
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4287     PAGES = {401-488},
4288     YEAR = 1956
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4293     TITLE = {{An eddy resolving numerical model of the ventilated thermocline}},
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4296     PAGES = {1312-1324},
4297     YEAR = 1985
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4299    
4300     @ARTICLE{Cox:Bryan1984,
4301     AUTHOR = {Cox, M.D. and K. Bryan},
4302     TITLE = {{A numerical study of the ventilated thermocline}},
4303     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4304     VOLUME = 14,
4305     PAGES = {674-687},
4306     YEAR = 1984
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4308    
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4310     AUTHOR = {Critchfield, H. J.},
4311     TITLE = {{General Climatology}},
4312     PAGES = 453,
4313     YEAR = 1983,
4314     PUBLISHER = {{Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 453pp}}
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4317     @ARTICLE{Cullen:deMenocal1999,
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4319     TITLE = {{North Atlantic Influence on Turkish Climate and Water Supply}},
4320     JOURNAL = {Int. J. Climatology},
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4323     YEAR = 1999,
4324     NOTE = {In press}
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4329     TITLE = {{Interactions among turbulence, radiation and microphysics
4330     in Arctic stratus clouds}},
4331     JOURNAL = jas,
4332     VOLUME = 43,
4333     PAGES = {90-106},
4334     YEAR = 1986
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4336    
4337     @ARTICLE{Curry:Herman1985,
4338     AUTHOR = {J. A. Curry and G. F. Herman},
4339     TITLE = {{Relationships between large-scale heat and moisture budgets
4340     and the occurence of Arctic stratus clouds}},
4341     JOURNAL = mwr,
4342     VOLUME = 113,
4343     PAGES = {1441-1457},
4344     YEAR = 1985
4345     }
4346    
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4349     TITLE = {Forcing of anomalous sea surface temperature evolution in the tropical {A}tlantic during {P}acific warm events},
4350     JOURNAL = jgr,
4351     VOLUME = {100},
4352     PAGES = {15835--15847},
4353     YEAR = {1995},
4354     NOTE = {}
4355     }
4356    
4357     @ARTICLE{Czaja:Marshall2001,
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4359     TITLE = {{Observations of atmosphere-ocean coupling in the North Atlantic}},
4360     JOURNAL = jc,
4361     VOLUME = {},
4362     PAGES = {},
4363     NOTE = {submitted},
4364     YEAR = 2001
4365     }
4366    
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4368     AUTHOR = {Daley, R.},
4369     TITLE = {{The application of non-linear normal mode initialization to
4370     an operational forecast model}},
4371     JOURNAL = {Atmosphere-Ocean},
4372     VOLUME = 17,
4373     PAGES = {97-124},
4374     YEAR = 1979
4375     }
4376    
4377     @ARTICLE{Daley1980,
4378     AUTHOR = {Daley, R.},
4379     TITLE = {{The development of efficient time integration schemes using
4380     model normal modes}},
4381     JOURNAL = mwr,
4382     VOLUME = 108,
4383     PAGES = {100-110},
4384     YEAR = 1980
4385     }
4386    
4387     @ARTICLE{Daly1978,
4388     AUTHOR = {Daly, A.W.},
4389     TITLE = {{The response of North Atlantic sea surface temperature to atmospheric forcing processes}},
4390     JOURNAL = {Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.},
4391     VOLUME = 104,
4392     PAGES = {363-382},
4393     YEAR = 1978
4394     }
4395    
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4399     1. Algorithims and Procedures.}},
4400     INSTITUTION = {National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration},
4401     YEAR = 1994,
4402     NUMBER = {NOAA SMD94},
4403     PAGES = {},
4404     ADDRESS = {Washington, DC, 83pp}
4405     }
4406    
4407     @ARTICLE{Davis:Emanuel1988,
4408     AUTHOR = {C. A. Davis and K. A. Emanuel},
4409     TITLE = {{Observational evidence for the influence of surface heat
4410     fluxes on rapid maritime cyclogenesis}},
4411     JOURNAL = mwr,
4412     VOLUME = 116,
4413     PAGES = {2649-2659},
4414     YEAR = 1988
4415     }
4416    
4417     @ARTICLE{Deardorff1972,
4418     AUTHOR = {Deardorff, J.W.},
4419     TITLE = {{Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in
4420     general circulation models}},
4421     JOURNAL = mwr,
4422     VOLUME = 100,
4423     PAGES = {93-106},
4424     YEAR = 1972
4425     }
4426    
4427     @ARTICLE{Dee:etal1985,
4428     AUTHOR = {Dee, D.P. and S.E. Cohn and M. Ghil},
4429     TITLE = {{An efficient algorithm for estimating noise covariance in distributed systems}},
4430     JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Autom. Control},
4431     VOLUME = {AC-30},
4432     YEAR = 1985
4433     }
4434    
4435     @ARTICLE{Delcroix1987,
4436     AUTHOR = {Delcroix, T.},
4437     TITLE = {{Net heat gain of the tropical Pacific Ocean computed from subsurface ocean data and wind stress data}},
4438     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
4439     VOLUME = 34,
4440     PAGES = {33-43},
4441     YEAR = 1987
4442     }
4443    
4444     @ARTICLE{DelGenio:etal1996,
4445     AUTHOR = {Del Genio, A. D. and M.-Y. Yao and W. Kovari and K. K.-W. Lo},
4446     TITLE = {{A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global
4447     climate models}},
4448     JOURNAL = jc,
4449     VOLUME = 9,
4450     PAGES = {270-304},
4451     YEAR = 1996
4452     }
4453    
4454     @ARTICLE{Delworth:etal1993,
4455     AUTHOR = {T. Delworth and S. Manabe and R.J. Stouffer},
4456     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in
4457     a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
4458     JOURNAL = jc,
4459     VOLUME = 6,
4460     PAGES = {1993-2011},
4461     YEAR = 1993
4462     }
4463    
4464     @ARTICLE{Delworth:etal1996,
4465     AUTHOR = {T. Delworth and S. Manabe and R. J. Stouffer},
4466     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in
4467     a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
4468     JOURNAL = jc,
4469     VOLUME = 6,
4470     PAGES = {1993-2011},
4471     YEAR = 1993
4472     }
4473    
4474     @ARTICLE{Delworth:Mehta1998,
4475     AUTHOR = {T. Delworth and V. Mehta},
4476     TITLE = {{Simulated interannual to decadal variability in the
4477     tropical and sub-tropical North Atlantic}},
4478     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
4479     VOLUME = 25,
4480     PAGES = {2825-2828},
4481     YEAR = 1998
4482     }
4483    
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4487     climate during the Holocene warm period}},
4488     JOURNAL = {Science},
4489     VOLUME = {288},
4490     PAGES = {2198-2202},
4491     YEAR = 2000,
4492     OPTNOTE = {}
4493     }
4494    
4495     @ARTICLE{Denton:Hendy1994,
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4497     TITLE = {{Younger Dryas age advance of Franz-Josef glacier in the
4498     Southern Alps of New Zealand}},
4499     JOURNAL = {Science},
4500     VOLUME = 264,
4501     PAGES = {1434-1437},
4502     YEAR = 1994
4503     }
4504    
4505     @ARTICLE{Deque:Servain1989,
4506     AUTHOR = {M. Deque and J. Servain},
4507     TITLE = {Teleconnections between tropical Atlantic sea surface
4508     temperatures and midlatitude 50kPa heights during 1964-1986.},
4509     JOURNAL = jc,
4510     YEAR = {1989},
4511     VOLUME = {2},
4512     OPTNUMBER = {},
4513     PAGES = {929-944},
4514     OPTMONTH = {},
4515     OPTNOTE = {}
4516     }
4517    
4518     @ARTICLE{Derber:Rosati1989,
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4520     TITLE = {A global oceanic data assimilation system.},
4521     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4522     YEAR = 1989,
4523     VOLUME = 19,
4524     PAGES = {1333-1347}
4525     }
4526    
4527     @ARTICLE{Deser1993,
4528     AUTHOR = {Deser, C.},
4529     TITLE = {Diagnosis of the surface momentum balance over the
4530     tropical Pacific Ocean},
4531     JOURNAL = jc,
4532     YEAR = 1993,
4533     VOLUME = 6,
4534     PAGES = {64-74}
4535     }
4536    
4537     @ARTICLE{Deser:Blackmon1993,
4538     AUTHOR = {Deser, C. and M. L. Blackmon},
4539     TITLE = {{Surface climate variations over the North Atlantic
4540     ocean during winter: 1900-1989}},
4541     JOURNAL = jc,
4542     YEAR = 1993,
4543     VOLUME = 6,
4544     PAGES = {1743-1753}
4545     }
4546    
4547     @ARTICLE{Deser:Blackmon1995,
4548     AUTHOR = {Deser, C. and M. L. Blackmon},
4549     TITLE = {{On the relationship betweeen tropical and North
4550     Pacific sea surface temperature variations}},
4551     JOURNAL = jc,
4552     YEAR = 1995,
4553     VOLUME = 8,
4554     PAGES = {1677-1680}
4555     }
4556    
4557     @ARTICLE{Deser:etal1999,
4558     AUTHOR = {Deser, C. and M. A. Alexander and M. S. Timlin},
4559     TITLE = {{Evidence for a wind-driven intensification of the
4560     Kuroshio Current extension from the 1970s to the 1980s}},
4561     JOURNAL = jc,
4562     YEAR = 1999,
4563     VOLUME = 12,
4564     PAGES = {1697-1706}
4565     }
4566    
4567     @ARTICLE{Dessier:Donguy1990,
4568     AUTHOR = {Dessier, A. and J.R. Donguy},
4569     TITLE = {{Sea surface salinity in the tropical Atlantic ocean (10¡S-30¡N). Seasonal and inter-annual variability (1977-1986)}},
4570     JOURNAL = jmr,
4571     VOLUME = {submitted},
4572     YEAR = 1990
4573     }
4574    
4575     @ARTICLE{Dewitt:Schneider2000,
4576     AUTHOR = {Dewitt, D. G. and E. K. Schneider},
4577     TITLE = {{The tropical ocean response to a change in solar forcing}},
4578     JOURNAL = jc,
4579     VOLUME = {13},
4580     PAGES = {1133-1149},
4581     YEAR = 2000
4582     }
4583    
4584     @ARTICLE{Dickson:etal1988,
4585     AUTHOR = {Dickson, R.R. and J. Meincke and S. Malmberg and A. Lee},
4586     TITLE = {{The great salinity anomaly in the northern North Atlantic 1968-82}},
4587     JOURNAL = {Prog. Oceanogr.},
4588     VOLUME = 20,
4589     PAGES = {103-151},
4590     YEAR = 1988
4591     }
4592    
4593     @ARTICLE{Dijkstra:Neelin1995,
4594     AUTHOR = {H. A. Dijkstra and J. D. Neelin},
4595     TITLE = {{Ocean-atmosphere interaction and the tropical climatology.
4596     Part II: Why the Pacific cold tongue is in the east}},
4597     JOURNAL = jc,
4598     VOLUME = 8,
4599     PAGES = {1343-1359},
4600     YEAR = 1995
4601     }
4602    
4603     @BOOK{Dooley:Martin1984,
4604     AUTHOR = {Dooley, H.D. and J.H.A. Martin and D.J. Ellett},
4605     TITLE = {{Abnormal hydrographic conditions in the northeast Atlantic
4606     during the 1970's}},
4607     VOLUME = 185,
4608     PAGES = {174-187. n},
4609     YEAR = {},
4610     PUBLISHER = {{Rapp. et Procs-Verb. des r\`eunions Int. Council Exp. of the Sea.}}
4611     }
4612    
4613     @ARTICLE{Dommenget:Latif2000,
4614     AUTHOR = {D. Dommenget and M. Latif},
4615     TITLE = {{Interannual to decadal variability in the tropical Atlantic}},
4616     JOURNAL = jc,
4617     VOLUME = 13,
4618     PAGES = {777-792},
4619     YEAR = 2000
4620     }
4621    
4622     @ARTICLE{Duchene:Frankignoul1990,
4623     AUTHOR = {Christine Duch{\^e}ne and Claude Frankignoul},
4624     TITLE = {Sensitivity and realism of wind-driven tropical ocean models},
4625     JOURNAL = {J. Mar. Syst.},
4626     YEAR = 1990,
4627     VOLUME = 1,
4628     PAGES = {97-117}
4629     }
4630    
4631     @ARTICLE{Duchene:Frankignoul1991,
4632     AUTHOR = {Christine Duch{\^e}ne and Claude Frankignoul},
4633     TITLE = {Seasonal variations of surface dynamic topography in
4634     the tropical {Atlantic}: observational uncertainties
4635     and model testing.},
4636     JOURNAL = jmr,
4637     YEAR = 1991,
4638     VOLUME = {(submitted May 90)}
4639     }
4640    
4641     @INCOLLECTION{Earle1985,
4642     AUTHOR = {Earle, M.D.},
4643     TITLE = {{Statistical comparisons of ship and buoy marine observations.}},
4644     EDITOR = {{NOAA}},
4645     BOOKTITLE = {{Report MEC-85-8, prepared for Ocean Sciences Branch, Satellite Research Laboratory, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service}},
4646     YEAR = 1985
4647     }
4648    
4649     @ARTICLE{Eckmann1981,
4650     AUTHOR = {Eckmann, J.P.},
4651     TITLE = {{Roads to turbulence in dissipative dynamical systems}},
4652     JOURNAL = {Rev. Mod. Phys.},
4653     VOLUME = 53,
4654     PAGES = {643-653},
4655     YEAR = 1981
4656     }
4657    
4658     @ARTICLE{Eiseman1985,
4659     AUTHOR = {Eiseman, P.R.},
4660     TITLE = {{Grid generation for fluid mechanics computations}},
4661     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
4662     VOLUME = 17,
4663     PAGES = {487-522},
4664     YEAR = 1985
4665     }
4666    
4667     @ARTICLE{Eiseman1987,
4668     AUTHOR = {Eiseman, P.R},
4669     TITLE = {{Adaptive grid generation}},
4670     JOURNAL = {Comp. Meth. in Appl. Mech. and Eng.},
4671     VOLUME = 64,
4672     PAGES = {321-376},
4673     YEAR = 1987
4674     }
4675    
4676     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1987,
4677     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4678     TITLE = {{An air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillations
4679     in the tropics}},
4680     JOURNAL = jas,
4681     VOLUME = 44,
4682     PAGES = {2324-2340},
4683     YEAR = 1987
4684     }
4685    
4686     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1988,
4687     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4688     TITLE = {{Reply}},
4689     JOURNAL = jas,
4690     VOLUME = 45,
4691     PAGES = {3528-3530},
4692     YEAR = 1988
4693     }
4694    
4695     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1991,
4696     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4697     TITLE = {{A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models}},
4698     JOURNAL = jas,
4699     VOLUME = 48,
4700     PAGES = {2313-2335},
4701     YEAR = 1991
4702     }
4703    
4704     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1993,
4705     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4706     TITLE = {{The effect of convective response time on WISHE modes}},
4707     JOURNAL = jas,
4708     VOLUME = 50,
4709     PAGES = {1763-1775},
4710     YEAR = 1991
4711     }
4712    
4713     @BOOK{Emanuel1994,
4714     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4715     TITLE = {{Atmospheric Convection}},
4716     PAGES = {580},
4717     YEAR = {1994},
4718     PUBLISHER = {{Oxford University Press, New York, 580pp}}
4719     }
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4723     TITLE = {{Warren revisited: a tropical explanation for Why is no
4724     deep water formed in the North Pacific?}},
4725     JOURNAL = jgr,
4726     VOLUME = {},
4727     PAGES = {},
4728     YEAR = 2000,
4729     NOTE = {To be submitted}
4730     }
4731    
4732     @ARTICLE{Enfield:Mayer1997,
4733     AUTHOR = {Enfield, D. B. and D. A. Mayer},
4734     TITLE = {Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability
4735     and its relation to the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation},
4736     JOURNAL = jgr,
4737     YEAR = {1997},
4738     VOLUME = {102},
4739     NUMBER = {},
4740     PAGES = {929-945}
4741     }
4742    
4743     @ARTICLE{Enfield:etal1999,
4744     AUTHOR = {Enfield, D. B. and A. M. Mestas-Nu\~nez and
4745     D. A. Mayer and L. Cid-Serrano},
4746     TITLE = {{How ubiquitous is the dipole relationship in tropical
4747     Atlantic sea surface temperatures?}},
4748     JOURNAL = jgr,
4749     YEAR = {1999},
4750     VOLUME = {104},
4751     NUMBER = {},
4752     PAGES = {7841-7848}
4753     }
4754    
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4756     AUTHOR = {Charles C. Eriksen},
4757     TITLE = {Variability in the Upper-Ocean Internal Wave Field at
4758     a {Sargasso} Sea Site},
4759     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4760     YEAR = 1988,
4761     VOLUME = 18,
4762     NUMBER = 11,
4763     PAGES = {1495-1513}
4764     }
4765    
4766     @TECHREPORT{Errico1991,
4767     AUTHOR = {R. M. Errico},
4768     TITLE = {Theory and application of nonlinear normal mode initialization},
4769     INSTITUTION = {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
4770     YEAR = 1991,
4771     NUMBER = {NCAR/TN-344+IA},
4772     PAGES = 137,
4773     ADDRESS = {Boulder, Colorado, 137pp}
4774     }
4775    
4776     @ARTICLE{Esbensen1984,
4777     AUTHOR = {Esbensen, S.K.},
4778     TITLE = {{A comparison of intermonthly and interannual teleconnections in the 700 mb geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter}},
4779     JOURNAL = mwr,
4780     VOLUME = 112,
4781     PAGES = {2016-2030},
4782     YEAR = 1984
4783     }
4784    
4785     @ARTICLE{Esbensen:Reynolds1981,
4786     AUTHOR = {Esbensen, S.K. and R. W. Reynolds},
4787     TITLE = {{Estimating monthly averaged air-sea transfers of heat and
4788     momentum using the bulk aerodynamic method}},
4789     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4790     VOLUME = 11,
4791     PAGES = {457-465},
4792     YEAR = 1981
4793     }
4794    
4795     @TECHREPORT{Esbensen:Kushnir1981,
4796     AUTHOR = {Esbensen, S.K. and Y. Kushnir},
4797     TITLE = {The heat budget of the global ocean: An atlas based
4798     on estimates from surface marine observations.},
4799     INSTITUTION = {Clim. Res. Inst.},
4800     YEAR = 1981,
4801     NUMBER = {29},
4802     PAGES = {27},
4803     ADDRESS = {Oregon State University, Corvallis, 27pp.}
4804     }
4805    
4806     @ARTICLE{Eshel:Naik1996,
4807     AUTHOR = {Eshel, G. and N. Naik},
4808     TITLE = {{Coupling of deep water formation and the general
4809     circulation in the Red Sea}},
4810     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4811     VOLUME = {27},
4812     NUMBER = {7},
4813     PAGES = {1233--1257},
4814     YEAR = 1996
4815     }
4816    
4817     @ARTICLE{Fairbanks1989,
4818     AUTHOR = {R. G. Fairbanks},
4819     TITLE = {{A 17,000 year glacio-eustatic sea-level record:
4820     Influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas and deep ocean
4821     circulation}},
4822     JOURNAL = {Nature},
4823     YEAR = 1989,
4824     VOLUME = 342,
4825     PAGES = {637-642}
4826     }
4827    
4828     @ARTICLE{Farrell1988,
4829     AUTHOR = {Brian Farrell},
4830     TITLE = {Optimal excitation of neutral {Rossby} waves},
4831     JOURNAL = jas,
4832     YEAR = 1988,
4833     VOLUME = 45,
4834     PAGES = {163-172}
4835     }
4836    
4837     @ARTICLE{Farrell1989,
4838     AUTHOR = {Brian Farrell},
4839     TITLE = {Optimal excitation of baroclinic waves},
4840     JOURNAL = {J. Atm. Sci.},
4841     YEAR = 1989,
4842     VOLUME = 46,
4843     PAGES = {1193-1206}
4844     }
4845    
4846     @ARTICLE{Farrell1990,
4847     AUTHOR = {Brian Farrell},
4848     TITLE = {Small error dynamics and the predictability of
4849     atmospheric flows},
4850     JOURNAL = {J. Atm. Sci.},
4851     YEAR = 1990,
4852     VOLUME = 47,
4853     NUMBER = 20,
4854     PAGES = {2409-2416},
4855     MONTH = {Nov}
4856     }
4857    
4858     @ARTICLE{Fels:etal1991,
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4860     TITLE = {Infrared cooling rate calculations in operational
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4863     JOURNAL = jgr,
4864     YEAR = 1991,
4865     VOLUME = 96,
4866     NUMBER = {D5},
4867     PAGES = {9105-9120},
4868     MONTH = {May}
4869     }
4870    
4871     @ARTICLE{Ferranti:etal1994,
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4873     TITLE = {{Impact of localized tropical and extratropical SST
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4875     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
4876     YEAR = 1994,
4877     VOLUME = 120,
4878     NUMBER = {},
4879     PAGES = {1613-1645},
4880     MONTH = {}
4881     }
4882    
4883     @ARTICLE{Firestone:Albrecht1986,
4884     AUTHOR = {J. K. Firestone and B. A. Albrecht},
4885     TITLE = {{The structure of the atmospheric boundary layer in
4886     the central Pacific during January and February of FGGE}},
4887     JOURNAL = mwr,
4888     YEAR = 1986,
4889     VOLUME = 114,
4890     PAGES = {2219-2231}
4891     }
4892    
4893     @ARTICLE{Fissel:etal1977,
4894     AUTHOR = {D. B. Fissel and S. Pond and M. Miyake},
4895     TITLE = {Computation of surface fluxes from climatological and
4896     synoptic data},
4897     JOURNAL = mwr,
4898     YEAR = 1977,
4899     VOLUME = 105,
4900     PAGES = {26-36}
4901     }
4902    
4903     @ARTICLE{Folland:etal1986,
4904     AUTHOR = {Folland, C.K. and T.N. Palmer and D.E. Parker},
4905     TITLE = {{Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea temperatures: 1901-85}},
4906     JOURNAL = {Nature},
4907     VOLUME = 320,
4908     PAGES = {602-606},
4909     YEAR = 1986
4910     }
4911    
4912     @BOOK{Folland:etal1986manuscript,
4913     AUTHOR = {Folland, C.K. and D.E. Parker And M.N. Ward and A.W. Colman},
4914     TITLE = {{Sahel rainfall, Northern Hemisphere circulation anomalies and worldwide sea temperature changes}},
4915     YEAR = 1986,
4916     PUBLISHER = {{(unpublished)}}
4917     }
4918    
4919     @ARTICLE{Fowler:etal1996,
4920     AUTHOR = {Fowler, L. D. and D. A. Randall and S. A. Rutledge},
4921     TITLE = {{Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general
4922     circulation model. Part I: Model description and
4923     simulated microphysical processe.}},
4924     JOURNAL = jc,
4925     VOLUME = 9,
4926     PAGES = {489-529},
4927     YEAR = 1996
4928     }
4929    
4930     @ARTICLE{Fowler:Randall1996,
4931     AUTHOR = {Fowler, L. D. and D. A. Randall},
4932     TITLE = {{Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general
4933     circulation model. Part II: Impact on cloudiness,
4934     the Earth's radiation budget and the general
4935     circulation of the atmosphere.}},
4936     JOURNAL = jc,
4937     VOLUME = 9,
4938     PAGES = {530-560},
4939     YEAR = 1996
4940     }
4941    
4942     @ARTICLE{Frankignoul:Hasselmann1977,
4943     AUTHOR = {Frankignoul, C. and K. Hasselmann},
4944     TITLE = {{Stochastic climate models. II: Application to sea surface
4945     temperature variability and thermocline variability}},
4946     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
4947     VOLUME = 29,
4948     PAGES = {284-305},
4949     YEAR = 1977
4950     }
4951    
4952     @ARTICLE{Frankignoul:Reynolds1983,
4953     AUTHOR = {Frankignoul, C. and R. W. Reynolds},
4954     TITLE = {{Testing a dynamical model for midlatitude sea surface
4955     temperature anomalies}},
4956     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4957     VOLUME = 13,
4958     PAGES = {289-305},
4959     YEAR = 1983
4960     }
4961    
4962     @ARTICLE{Frankignoul:etal1989,
4963     AUTHOR = {Frankignoul, C. and D. Duchene and Mark A. Cane},
4964     TITLE = {{A statistical approach to testing equatorial ocean models with observed data}},
4965     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4966     VOLUME = 19,
4967     PAGES = {1191-1207},
4968     YEAR = 1989
4969     }
4970    
4971     @ARTICLE{Fu:etal1990,
4972     AUTHOR = {Fu, R. and A. D. DelGenio and W. B. Rossow},
4973     TITLE = {{Behavior of deep convective clouds in the tropical
4974     Pacific deduced from ISCCP radiances}},
4975     JOURNAL = jc,
4976     YEAR = {1990},
4977     VOLUME = {3},
4978     PAGES = {1129-1152}
4979     }
4980    
4981     @ARTICLE{Fu:etal1998,
4982     AUTHOR = {Fu, R. and R. E. Dickinson and B. Newkirk},
4983     TITLE = {{Response of the upper tropospheric humidity and
4984     moisture transport to changes of tropical
4985     convection. A comparison between observations and a
4986     GCM over an ENSO cycle}},
4987     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
4988     YEAR = {1998},
4989     VOLUME = {24},
4990     PAGES = {2371-2374}
4991     }
4992    
4993     @ARTICLE{Fung:etal1984,
4994     AUTHOR = {Fung, I.Y. and D.E. Harrison and A.A. Lacis},
4995     TITLE = {On the variability of the net longwave radiation at
4996     the ocean surface},
4997     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
4998     YEAR = 1984,
4999     VOLUME = 22,
5000     PAGES = {177-193}
5001     }
5002    
5003     @ARTICLE{Gaffen:etal1991,
5004     AUTHOR = {Gaffen, D. J. and T. P. Barnett and W. P. Elliott},
5005     TITLE = {Space and time scales of global atmospheric moisture},
5006     JOURNAL = jc,
5007     YEAR = 1991,
5008     VOLUME = 4,
5009     PAGES = {989-1008}
5010     }
5011    
5012     @ARTICLE{Galperin:etal1988,
5013     AUTHOR = {Galperin, B. and L.H. Kantha and S. Hassid and A. Rosati},
5014     TITLE = {A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for
5015     geophysical flows.},
5016     JOURNAL = jas,
5017     YEAR = 1988,
5018     VOLUME = 45,
5019     PAGES = {55-62}
5020     }
5021    
5022     @ARTICLE{Gangopadhyay:etal1992,
5023     AUTHOR = {A. Gangopadhyay and P. Cornillon and R. D. Watts},
5024     TITLE = {{A test of the Parsons-Veronis hypothesis on the
5025     separation of the Gulf Stream}},
5026     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5027     YEAR = 1992,
5028     VOLUME = 22,
5029     PAGES = {1286-1301}
5030     }
5031    
5032     @ARTICLE{Garratt1993,
5033     AUTHOR = {Garratt, J. R.},
5034     TITLE = {{Sensitivity of climate simulations to land-surface and
5035     atmospheric boundary-layer treatments - A Review}},
5036     JOURNAL = jc,
5037     VOLUME = 6,
5038     PAGES = {419-449},
5039     YEAR = 1993
5040     }
5041    
5042     @ARTICLE{Garratt1994,
5043     AUTHOR = {Garratt, J. R.},
5044     TITLE = {{Incoming shortwave fluxes at the surface - A comparison of
5045     GCM results with observations}},
5046     JOURNAL = jc,
5047     VOLUME = 7,
5048     PAGES = {72-80},
5049     YEAR = 1994
5050     }
5051    
5052     @ARTICLE{Garratt:Ryan1989,
5053     AUTHOR = {Garratt, J. R. and B. F. Ryan},
5054     TITLE = {{The structure of the stably stratified internal boundary
5055     layer in offshore flow over the sea.}},
5056     JOURNAL = {Bound. Layer Meteor.},
5057     VOLUME = {47},
5058     PAGES = {17-40},
5059     YEAR = 1989
5060     }
5061    
5062     @ARTICLE{Garzoli:Katz1984,
5063     AUTHOR = {Garzoli, S.L. and E.J. Katz},
5064     TITLE = {{Winds at St. Peter and St. Paul rocks during the first SEQUAL year.}},
5065     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
5066     VOLUME = 11,
5067     PAGES = {716-718},
5068     YEAR = 1984
5069     }
5070    
5071     @ARTICLE{Garzoli:etal1982,
5072     AUTHOR = {Garzoli, S. and E.J. Katz And H.J. Panitz and P. Speth},
5073     TITLE = {{In situ wind measurements in the equatorial Atlantic during 1979}},
5074     JOURNAL = {Oceanologica Acta},
5075     VOLUME = 5,
5076     PAGES = {281-288},
5077     YEAR = 1982
5078     }
5079    
5080     @ARTICLE{Geernaert:etal1986,
5081     AUTHOR = {Geernaert, GL. and K.B. Katsaros and K. Richter},
5082     TITLE = {{Variation of the drag coefficient and its dependence on sea state}},
5083     JOURNAL = jgr,
5084     VOLUME = 91,
5085     PAGES = {7667-7679},
5086     YEAR = 1986
5087     }
5088    
5089     @ARTICLE{Geisler:Stevens1982,
5090     AUTHOR = {Geisler, J. E. and D. E. Stevens},
5091     TITLE = {On the vertical structure of damped steady
5092     circulation in the tropics.},
5093     JOURNAL = {Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.},
5094     YEAR = 1982,
5095     VOLUME = 108,
5096     PAGES = {87-93}
5097     }
5098    
5099     @ARTICLE{Geisler:etal1985,
5100     AUTHOR = {Geisler, J. E. and Blackmon, M. L. and
5101     Bates, G. T. and Mu\~noz, S.},
5102     TITLE = {{Sensitivity of January climate response to the
5103     magnitude and position of equatorial Pacific sea
5104     surface temperature anomalies}},
5105     JOURNAL = jas,
5106     YEAR = 1985,
5107     VOLUME = 42,
5108     PAGES = {1037-1049}
5109     }
5110    
5111     @BOOK{Gemmill:etal1987,
5112     AUTHOR = {Gemmill, W.H. and T.W. Yu and D.M. Feit},
5113     TITLE = {{Performance of techniques used to derive ocean surface winds}},
5114     PAGES = 34,
5115     YEAR = 1987,
5116     PUBLISHER = {{NMC Office Note No. 330, U.S. Dept. Commerce, NOAA National Weather Service}}
5117     }
5118    
5119     @ARTICLE{Gent1991,
5120     AUTHOR = {Gent, P.R.},
5121     TITLE = {{The heat budget of the TOGA COARE Domain in an ocean model}},
5122     JOURNAL = jgr,
5123     VOLUME = 96,
5124     PAGES = {3323-3330},
5125     YEAR = 1991
5126     }
5127    
5128     @ARTICLE{Gent:Cane1989,
5129     AUTHOR = {Gent, P.R. and Mark A. Cane},
5130     TITLE = {{A reduced gravity, primitive equation model of the upper equatorial ocean}},
5131     JOURNAL = {J. Comp. Phys.},
5132     VOLUME = 81,
5133     PAGES = {444-480},
5134     YEAR = 1989
5135     }
5136    
5137     @ARTICLE{Gent:etal1983,
5138     AUTHOR = {Gent, P.R. and O'Neill, K. and Mark A. Cane},
5139     TITLE = {{A model of the semi-annual oscillation in the equatorial Indian Ocean}},
5140     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5141     VOLUME = 13,
5142     PAGES = {2148-2160},
5143     YEAR = 1983
5144     }
5145    
5146     @ARTICLE{Gent:McWilliams1990,
5147     AUTHOR = {Gent, P. R. and J. C. McWilliams},
5148     TITLE = {{Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models}},
5149     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5150     VOLUME = 20,
5151     PAGES = {150-155},
5152     YEAR = 1990
5153     }
5154    
5155     @BOOK{Ghia:Ghia1983,
5156     AUTHOR = {Ghia, K.N. and V. Ghia},
5157     TITLE = {{Advances in grid generation 5}},
5158     YEAR = 1983,
5159     PUBLISHER = {{ASME}}
5160     }
5161    
5162     @ARTICLE{Giannini:etal2000,
5163     AUTHOR = {Giannini, A. and Y. Kushnir and M. A. Cane},
5164     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of Caribbean rainfall, ENSO and the
5165     Atlantic Ocean}},
5166     JOURNAL = jc,
5167     VOLUME = {13},
5168     PAGES = {297-311},
5169     YEAR = 2000
5170     }
5171    
5172     @ARTICLE{Gill1980,
5173     AUTHOR = {Gill, A. E.},
5174     TITLE = {{Some simple solutions for heat induced tropical circulation}},
5175     JOURNAL = {Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.},
5176     VOLUME = 106,
5177     PAGES = {447-462},
5178     YEAR = 1980
5179     }
5180    
5181     @BOOK{Gill1982,
5182     AUTHOR = {A. E. Gill},
5183     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics}},
5184     PAGES = 662,
5185     YEAR = 1982,
5186     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press, New York, 662pp.}}
5187     }
5188    
5189     @ARTICLE{Gill1983,
5190     AUTHOR = {Gill, A.E.},
5191     TITLE = {{An estimation of sea-level and sea-current anomatlies during the 1972 El Ni\~no and consequent thermal effects}},
5192     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5193     VOLUME = 13,
5194     PAGES = {586-605},
5195     YEAR = 1983
5196     }
5197    
5198     @ARTICLE{Gill:Clarke1974,
5199     AUTHOR = {Gill, A.E. and Clarke, A.J.},
5200     TITLE = {Wind-induced upwelling, coastal currents and sea-level changes},
5201     JOURNAL = {Deep-Sea Res.},
5202     YEAR = 1974,
5203     VOLUME = 21,
5204     PAGES = {325-345},
5205     KEYWORDS = {equatorial dynamics, long-wave approximation}
5206     }
5207    
5208     @ARTICLE{Gill:Niiler1973,
5209     AUTHOR = {Gill, A.E. and P. Niiler},
5210     TITLE = {The theory of seasonal variability in the ocean},
5211     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
5212     YEAR = 1973,
5213     VOLUME = 20,
5214     PAGES = {141-177}
5215     }
5216    
5217     @ARTICLE{Gill:Rasmussen1983,
5218     AUTHOR = {Gill, A. E. and E. Rasmussen},
5219     TITLE = {{The 1982-83 climate anormaly in the equatorial Pacific.}},
5220     JOURNAL = {Nature},
5221     VOLUME = 306,
5222     PAGES = {229-34},
5223     YEAR = 1983
5224     }
5225    
5226     @ARTICLE{Gill:Rasmussen1983E,
5227     AUTHOR = {Gill, A. E. and E. Rasmussen},
5228     TITLE = {{An estimation of sea-level and sea-current anomatlies during the 1972 El Ni\~no and consequent thermal effects}},
5229     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5230     VOLUME = 13,
5231     PAGES = {586-605},
5232     YEAR = 1983
5233     }
5234    
5235     @ARTICLE{Giorgi:etal1993,
5236     AUTHOR = {Giorgi F. and M. R. Marinucci and G. T. Bates},
5237     TITLE = {{Development of a second-generation regional climate model
5238     (regGCM2). Part I: Boundary layer and radiative
5239     transfer processes}},
5240     JOURNAL = mwr,
5241     VOLUME = 121,
5242     PAGES = {2794-2813},
5243     YEAR = 1993
5244     }
5245    
5246     @BOOK{Glantz:etal1990,
5247     AUTHOR = {Glantz, M.H. and R.W. Katz and N. Nicholls},
5248     TITLE = {{Scientific Basis and Societal Impact}},
5249     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England},
5250     YEAR = 1990
5251     }
5252    
5253     @ARTICLE{Glecker:Taylor1993,
5254     AUTHOR = {Glecker, P. J. and K. E. Taylor},
5255     TITLE = {{The effect of horizontal resolution on ocean surface heat
5256     fluxes in the ECMWF model}},
5257     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
5258     VOLUME = 9,
5259     PAGES = {17-32},
5260     YEAR = 1993
5261     }
5262    
5263     @BOOK{Gloersen:etal1992,
5264     AUTHOR = {Gloersen, P. and W. J. Campbell and D. J. cavalieri
5265     and J. C. Comiso and C. L. Parkinson and H. J. Zwally},
5266     TITLE = {{Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987}},
5267     PUBLISHER = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
5268     Washington, DC, 290pp},
5269     YEAR = 1992
5270     }
5271    
5272     @ARTICLE{Godfrey:Lindstrom1989,
5273     AUTHOR = {Godfrey, J.S. and E.J. Lindstrom},
5274     TITLE = {{The heat budget of the equatorial western Pacific surface mixed layer}},
5275     JOURNAL = jgr,
5276     VOLUME = 94,
5277     PAGES = {8007-8017},
5278     YEAR = 1989
5279     }
5280    
5281     @ARTICLE{Godfrey:etal1991,
5282     AUTHOR = {J. S. Godfrey and M. Nunez and E. F. Bradley and P. A.
5283     Coppin and E. J. Lindstrom},
5284     TITLE = {{On the net surface heat flux into the western equatorial Pacific}},
5285     JOURNAL = jgr,
5286     VOLUME = 96,
5287     PAGES = {3391-3400},
5288     YEAR = 1991
5289     }
5290    
5291     @ARTICLE{Goldenberg:OBrien1981,
5292     AUTHOR = {Goldenberg, S.B. and J.J. O'Brien},
5293     TITLE = {{Time and space variability of tropical Pacific wind stress}},
5294     JOURNAL = mwr,
5295     VOLUME = 109,
5296     PAGES = {1190-1205},
5297     YEAR = 1981
5298     }
5299    
5300     @ARTICLE{Gordon:Corry1991,
5301     AUTHOR = {Gordon, C. and R.A. Corry},
5302     TITLE = {{A model simulation of the seasonal cycle in the tropical
5303     Pacific using climatological and modelled forcing}},
5304     JOURNAL = jgr,
5305     VOLUME = 96,
5306     PAGES = {847-868},
5307     YEAR = 1991
5308     }
5309    
5310     @ARTICLE{Gordon1981,
5311     AUTHOR = {Gordon, A. L.},
5312     TITLE = {{Seasonality of Southern Ocean sea ice}},
5313     JOURNAL = jgr,
5314     VOLUME = 86,
5315     PAGES = {4193-4197},
5316     YEAR = 1981
5317     }
5318    
5319     @ARTICLE{Gordon1986,
5320     AUTHOR = {Gordon, A. L.},
5321     TITLE = {{Interocean exchange of thermocline water}},
5322     JOURNAL = jgr,
5323     VOLUME = 91,
5324     PAGES = {5037-5046},
5325     YEAR = 1986
5326     }
5327    
5328     @ARTICLE{Goswami:Shukla1991,
5329     AUTHOR = {{Goswami, B.N. and J. Shukla}},
5330     TITLE = {{Predictability of a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model}},
5331     JOURNAL = jc,
5332     VOLUME = 4,
5333     PAGES = {3-22},
5334     YEAR = 1991
5335     }
5336    
5337     @ARTICLE{Graham:Barnett1987,
5338     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and T.P. Barnett},
5339     TITLE = {Sea surface temperature, surface wind divergence, and
5340     convection over tropical oceans.},
5341     JOURNAL = {Science},
5342     YEAR = 1987,
5343     VOLUME = 238,
5344     PAGES = {657-659}
5345     }
5346    
5347     @ARTICLE{Graham:White1988,
5348     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and W.B. White},
5349     TITLE = {{The El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation as a natural oscillation of the tropical Pacific ocean/atmosphere system: evidence from observations and models}},
5350     JOURNAL = {Science},
5351     VOLUME = 240,
5352     PAGES = {1293-1302},
5353     YEAR = 1988
5354     }
5355    
5356     @ARTICLE{Graham:White1990,
5357     AUTHOR = {N. E. Graham and W. B. White},
5358     TITLE = {The role of the western boundary in the {ENSO} cycle:
5359     Experiments with coupled models.},
5360     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5361     YEAR = {1990},
5362     VOLUME = {20},
5363     OPTNUMBER = {},
5364     PAGES = {1935-1948},
5365     OPTMONTH = {},
5366     OPTNOTE = {}
5367     }
5368    
5369     @ARTICLE{Graham:etal1987a,
5370     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and J. Michaelsen and T.P. Barnett},
5371     TITLE = {An investigation of the {El Ni\~no-Southern
5372     Oscillation} cycle with statistical models. 1.
5373     {Predictor field characteristics}.},
5374     JOURNAL = jgr,
5375     YEAR = {1987a},
5376     VOLUME = 92,
5377     PAGES = {14251-14270}
5378     }
5379    
5380     @ARTICLE{Graham:etal1987b,
5381     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and J. Michaelsen and T.P. Barnett},
5382     TITLE = {An investigation of the {El Ni\~no-Southern
5383     Oscillation} cycle with statistical models. 2.
5384     {Model results}.},
5385     JOURNAL = jgr,
5386     YEAR = {1987b},
5387     VOLUME = 92,
5388     PAGES = {14271-14290.}
5389     }
5390    
5391     @ARTICLE{Graham1994,
5392     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E.},
5393     TITLE = {{Decadal-scale climate variability in the tropical
5394     and North Pacific during the 1970s and 1980s:
5395     observations and model results}},
5396     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
5397     YEAR = {1994},
5398     VOLUME = 10,
5399     PAGES = {135-162}
5400     }
5401    
5402     @ARTICLE{Green1970,
5403     AUTHOR = {J. S. A. Green},
5404     TITLE = {Transfer properties of the large-scale eddies and
5405     the general circulation of the atmosphere},
5406     JOURNAL = {Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
5407     YEAR = {1970},
5408     VOLUME = 96,
5409     PAGES = {157-185}
5410     }
5411    
5412     @ARTICLE{Greene:etal2000,
5413     AUTHOR = {A. M. Greene and R. Seager and W. S. Broecker},
5414     TITLE = {{Tropical snowline depression at the Last Glacial
5415     Maximum: comparison with coral and groundwater
5416     paleotemperatures}},
5417     JOURNAL = jgr,
5418     YEAR = {2000},
5419     VOLUME = {},
5420     PAGES = {},
5421     NOTE = {To be submitted}
5422     }
5423    
5424     @ARTICLE{Grossman:Betts1990,
5425     AUTHOR = {Grossman, R. L. and A. K. Betts},
5426     TITLE = {{Air-sea interaction during an extreme cold air
5427     outbreak from the eastern coast of the United States}},
5428     JOURNAL = mwr,
5429     YEAR = {1990},
5430     VOLUME = 118,
5431     PAGES = {324-342}
5432     }
5433    
5434     @ARTICLE{Grotzner:etal1998,
5435     AUTHOR = {Gr{\"{o}}tzner, A. and M. Latif and T.P. Barnett},
5436     TITLE = {{ A decadal cycle in the North Atlantic Ocean as
5437     simulated by the ECHO coupled GCM}},
5438     JOURNAL = jc,
5439     YEAR = {1998},
5440     VOLUME = {11},
5441     PAGES = {831-847},
5442     NOTE = {}
5443     }
5444    
5445     @ARTICLE{Guilderson:etal1994,
5446     AUTHOR = {Guilderson, T. P. and R. G. Fairbanks and J. L. Rubenstone},
5447     TITLE = {{Tropical temperature variations since 20 000 years
5448     ago: Modulating interhemispheric climate change}},
5449     JOURNAL = {Science},
5450     YEAR = {1994},
5451     VOLUME = 263,
5452     PAGES = {663-665}
5453     }
5454    
5455     @ARTICLE{Gutowski:etal1989,
5456     AUTHOR = {W. J. Gutowski and L. E. Branscome and D. A. Stewart},
5457     TITLE = {{Mean flow adjustment during life cycle of baroclinic waves}},
5458     JOURNAL = jas,
5459     PAGES = {1724-1737},
5460     YEAR = 1989
5461     }
5462    
5463     @ARTICLE{Gutzler:Wood1989,
5464     AUTHOR = {Gutzler, D.S. and T.M. Wood},
5465     TITLE = {{Structure of large-scale convective anomalies over tropical oceans}},
5466     JOURNAL = jc,
5467     PAGES = {(in press)},
5468     YEAR = 1989
5469     }
5470    
5471     @ARTICLE{Hahn:Manabe1975,
5472     AUTHOR = {Hahn, D. G. and S. Manabe},
5473     TITLE = {{The role of mountains in the South Asian monsoon circulation}},
5474     JOURNAL = jas,
5475     VOLUME = {32},
5476     PAGES = {1515-1541},
5477     YEAR = {1975}
5478     }
5479    
5480     @TECHREPORT{Halpern:Harrison1982,
5481     AUTHOR = {Halpern, D. and D.E. Harrison},
5482     TITLE = {{Report 82-1, Dept. of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography.}},
5483     INSTITUTION = {{Mass. Instit. Tech.},},
5484     YEAR = 1982
5485     }
5486    
5487     @ARTICLE{Hall:Visbeck2000,
5488     AUTHOR = {A. Hall and M. Visbeck},
5489     TITLE = {{The oceanographic effects of the southern hemisphere
5490     annular mode}},
5491     JOURNAL = jc,
5492     VOLUME = {},
5493     PAGES = {},
5494     YEAR = {2000},
5495     NOTE = {submitted}
5496     }
5497    
5498     @ARTICLE{Halliwell1998,
5499     AUTHOR = {G. R. Halliwell},
5500     TITLE = {{Simulation of North Atlantic decadal/multidecadal winter
5501     SST anomalies driven by basin-scale atmospheric
5502     circulation anomalies}},
5503     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5504     VOLUME = {28},
5505     PAGES = {5-21},
5506     YEAR = {1998}
5507     }
5508    
5509     @ARTICLE{Han1984,
5510     AUTHOR = {Y. Han},
5511     TITLE = {{A numerical world ocean general circulation model, II: A
5512     baroclinic experiment}},
5513     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans},
5514     VOLUME = {8},
5515     PAGES = {141-172},
5516     YEAR = {1984}
5517     }
5518    
5519     @ARTICLE{Haney1971,
5520     AUTHOR = {R. L. Haney},
5521     TITLE = {{Surface thermal boundary conditions for ocean circulation models}},
5522     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5523     VOLUME = {1},
5524     PAGES = {241-248},
5525     YEAR = {1971}
5526     }
5527    
5528     @ARTICLE{Hansen:Lebedeff1988,
5529     AUTHOR = {Hansen, J. and S. Lebedeff},
5530     TITLE = {{Global surface air temperatures: Update through 1987}},
5531     JOURNAL = jgr,
5532     VOLUME = {92},
5533     PAGES = {345-13, 372},
5534     YEAR = {1988}
5535     }
5536    
5537     @ARTICLE{Hansen:etal1988,
5538     AUTHOR = {Hansen, J. and I. Fung And A. Lacis And D. Rind And S. Lebedeff And R. Ruedy and G. Russell},
5539     TITLE = {{Three-dimensional model}},
5540     JOURNAL = jgr,
5541     VOLUME = {93},
5542     PAGES = {9341-9364},
5543     YEAR = {1988}
5544     }
5545    
5546     @ARTICLE{Hansen:etal1981,
5547     AUTHOR = {Hansen, J. and D. Johnson and A. Lacis and S. Lebedeff and
5548     P. Lee and D. Rind and G. Russell},
5549     TITLE = {{Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide}},
5550     JOURNAL = {Science},
5551     VOLUME = {213},
5552     PAGES = {957-966},
5553     YEAR = {1981}
5554     }
5555    
5556     @INCOLLECTION{Hansen:etal1984,
5557     AUTHOR = {J. E. Hansen and A. Lacis and D. Rind and G. Russel
5558     and P. Stone and I Fung and R. Ruedy and J. Lerner},
5559     TITLE = {{Climate sensitivity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms}},
5560     BOOKTITLE = {{In: Climate processes and climate sensitivity.
5561     Geophys. Mongr. Ser. 29}},
5562     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysical Union},
5563     YEAR = 1984,
5564     EDITOR = {J. E. Hansen and T. Takahashi},
5565     PAGES = {130-163},
5566     ADDRESS = {Washington DC}
5567     }
5568    
5569     @ARTICLE{Harrison:Cane1984,
5570     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and Mark A. Cane},
5571     TITLE = {{Changes in the Pacific during the 1982-1983 event}},
5572     JOURNAL = {Oceanus},
5573     VOLUME = {27},
5574     PAGES = {21-28},
5575     YEAR = {1984}
5576     }
5577    
5578     @ARTICLE{Harrison:Cardone1984,
5579     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and V.J. Cardone},
5580     TITLE = {{Tropical Atlantic wind field variations during SEQUAL; I. Preliminary results.}},
5581     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
5582     VOLUME = {11},
5583     PAGES = {722-725},
5584     YEAR = {1984}
5585     }
5586    
5587     @ARTICLE{Harrison:Schopf1984,
5588     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and P.S. Schopf},
5589     TITLE = {{Kelvin-wave-induced anomalous advection and the onset of surface warming in El Ni\~no event}},
5590     JOURNAL = mwr,
5591     VOLUME = {112},
5592     PAGES = {923-933},
5593     YEAR = {1984}
5594     }
5595    
5596     @ARTICLE{Harrison:etal1989,
5597     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and W.S. Kessler and B.S. Giese},
5598     TITLE = {{Ocean circulation model hindcasts of the 1982-83 El Ni\~no: thermal variability along ship of opportunity tracks}},
5599     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5600     VOLUME = {19},
5601     PAGES = {397-418},
5602     YEAR = {1989}
5603     }
5604    
5605     @ARTICLE{Harrison1989,
5606     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E.},
5607     TITLE = {{Local and remote forcing of ENSO ocean waveguide response}},
5608     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5609     VOLUME = {19},
5610     PAGES = {691-695},
5611     YEAR = {1989}
5612     }
5613    
5614     @ARTICLE{Harrison1991,
5615     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D. E.},
5616     TITLE = {{Equatorial sea surface temperature sensitivity to net
5617     surface heat flux: Some ocean circulation model results}},
5618     JOURNAL = jc,
5619     VOLUME = {5},
5620     PAGES = {539-549},
5621     YEAR = {1991}
5622     }
5623    
5624     @TECHREPORT{Harshvardhan1992,
5625     AUTHOR = {Harshvardhan},
5626     TITLE = {{The use of TOA cloud longwave radiative forcing to
5627     estimate mean monthly surface longwave radiation. {\em
5628     WCRP Report No. 75}, Hydrology and surface radiaton
5629     in atmospheric models.}},
5630     INSTITUTION = {WMO/TD-492},
5631     YEAR = 1992,
5632     NUMBER = {},
5633     PAGES = {25-40},
5634     ADDRESS = {}
5635     }
5636    
5637     @ARTICLE{Hart:etal1990,
5638     AUTHOR = {Hart, T. L. and W. Bourke and B. J. McAvaney and
5639     B. W. Forgan and J. L. McGregor},
5640     TITLE = {{Atmospheric general circulation simulations with the BMRC
5641     global spectral model: The impact of revised
5642     physical parameterizations}},
5643     JOURNAL = jc,
5644     VOLUME = {3},
5645     PAGES = {436-459},
5646     YEAR = {1990}
5647     }
5648    
5649     @ARTICLE{Hartmann:Michelsen1993,
5650     AUTHOR = {D. L. Hartmann and M. Michelsen},
5651     TITLE = {{Large scale effects on the regulation of tropical sea
5652     surface temperature}},
5653     JOURNAL = jc,
5654     VOLUME = {6},
5655     PAGES = {2049-2062},
5656     YEAR = {1993}
5657     }
5658    
5659     @ARTICLE{Hartmann:etal1992,
5660     AUTHOR = {D. L. Hartmann and M. E. Ockert-Bell and M. Michelsen},
5661     TITLE = {{The effect of cloud type on Earth's energy balance: Global analysis}},
5662     JOURNAL = jc,
5663     VOLUME = {5},
5664     PAGES = {1281-1304},
5665     YEAR = {1992}
5666     }
5667    
5668     @BOOK{Hartmann1994,
5669     AUTHOR = {D. L. Hartmann},
5670     TITLE = {{Global Physical Climatology}},
5671     PAGES = {411},
5672     YEAR = 1994,
5673     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press, New York}}
5674     }
5675    
5676     @ARTICLE{Hasselmann1976,
5677     AUTHOR = {Hasselmann, K.},
5678     TITLE = {{Stochastic climate models. Part I: Theory}},
5679     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
5680     VOLUME = {28},
5681     PAGES = {473-485},
5682     YEAR = {1976}
5683     }
5684    
5685     @ARTICLE{Hasselmann1988,
5686     AUTHOR = {Hasselmann, K.},
5687     TITLE = {{PIPs and POPs: the reduction of complex dynamical systems using
5688     principal interaction and Oscillation patterns}},
5689     JOURNAL = jgr,
5690     VOLUME = {93},
5691     PAGES = {11015-11021},
5692     YEAR = {1988}
5693     }
5694    
5695     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath1978,
5696     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S.},
5697     TITLE = {{On modes of tropical circulation and climate anomalies}},
5698     JOURNAL = jas,
5699     VOLUME = 35,
5700     PAGES = {2222-2231},
5701     YEAR = 1978
5702     }
5703    
5704     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:etal1984,
5705     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and M.C. Wu and P.-S. Chu},
5706     TITLE = {{Towards the monitoring and prediction of north-east
5707     Brazil droughts.}},
5708     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. R. Met. Soc.},
5709     YEAR = {1984},
5710     VOLUME = {110},
5711     OPTNUMBER = {},
5712     PAGES = {411-425},
5713     OPTMONTH = {},
5714     OPTNOTE = {}
5715     }
5716    
5717     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath1984,
5718     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S.},
5719     TITLE = {{Interannual variability and the annual cycle: Mechanisms of circulation and climate in the tropical Atlantic sector}},
5720     JOURNAL = mwr,
5721     VOLUME = 112,
5722     PAGES = {1097-1107},
5723     YEAR = 1984
5724     }
5725    
5726     @BOOK{Hastenrath1985,
5727     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S.},
5728     TITLE = {{Climate and circulation in the tropics}},
5729     PAGES = {455},
5730     YEAR = {1985},
5731     PUBLISHER = {{D. Reidel}}
5732     }
5733    
5734     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath1976,
5735     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath},
5736     TITLE = {{Variations in low-latitude circulation and extreme
5737     climatic events in the tropical Americas.}},
5738     JOURNAL = jas,
5739     YEAR = {1976},
5740     VOLUME = {33},
5741     OPTNUMBER = {},
5742     PAGES = {202-215},
5743     OPTMONTH = {},
5744     OPTNOTE = {}
5745     }
5746    
5747     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:1978,
5748     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath},
5749     TITLE = {On modes of tropical circulation and climate anomalies.},
5750     JOURNAL = jas,
5751     YEAR = {1978},
5752     VOLUME = {35},
5753     OPTNUMBER = {},
5754     PAGES = {2222-2231},
5755     OPTMONTH = {},
5756     OPTNOTE = {}
5757     }
5758    
5759     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:Kaczmarczyk1981,
5760     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and E.B. Kaczmarczyk},
5761     TITLE = {{On spectra and coherence of tropical climate anomales.}},
5762     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
5763     YEAR = {1981},
5764     VOLUME = {33},
5765     OPTNUMBER = {},
5766     PAGES = {453-462},
5767     OPTMONTH = {},
5768     OPTNOTE = {}
5769     }
5770    
5771     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:Heller1977,
5772     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and L. Heller},
5773     TITLE = {{Dynamics of climatic hazards in Northeast Brazil.}},
5774     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. R. Met. Soc.},
5775     YEAR = {1977},
5776     VOLUME = {103},
5777     OPTNUMBER = {},
5778     PAGES = {77-92},
5779     OPTMONTH = {},
5780     OPTNOTE = {}
5781     }
5782    
5783     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:Greischar1993,
5784     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and L. Greischar},
5785     TITLE = {{Circulation mechanisms related to northeast Brazil
5786     rainfall anomalies.}},
5787     JOURNAL = jgr,
5788     YEAR = {1993},
5789     VOLUME = {98},
5790     OPTNUMBER = {},
5791     PAGES = {5093-5102},
5792     OPTMONTH = {},
5793     OPTNOTE = {}
5794     }
5795    
5796     @BOOK{Hastenrath:Lamb1977,
5797     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S. and P.J. Lamb},
5798     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean}},
5799     PAGES = {15},
5800     FIGS = {97},
5801     YEAR = {1977},
5802     PUBLISHER = {{The University of Wisconsin Press}}
5803     }
5804    
5805     @BOOK{Hauser:Taylor1986,
5806     AUTHOR = {Hauser, J. and C. Taylor},
5807     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation in computational fluid dynamics}},
5808     YEAR = {1986},
5809     PUBLISHER = {{Pineridge Press}}
5810     }
5811    
5812     @ARTICLE{Hayashi:Sumi1986,
5813     AUTHOR = {Y.-Y. Hayashi and A. Sumi},
5814     TITLE = {The 30-40 day oscillation in an 'aqua-planet' model},
5815     JOURNAL = {J. Meteor. Soc. Japan II},
5816     YEAR = {1986},
5817     VOLUME = {64},
5818     OPTNUMBER = {},
5819     PAGES = {451-467},
5820     OPTMONTH = {},
5821     OPTNOTE = {}
5822     }
5823    
5824     @ARTICLE{Hazeleger:etal2001,
5825     AUTHOR = {W. Hazeleger and R. Seager and M. Visbeck and N. Naik
5826     and K. Rodgers},
5827     TITLE = {On the impact of the mid-latitude stormtrack on the
5828     upper Pacific},
5829     JOURNAL = jc,
5830     YEAR = {2001},
5831     VOLUME = {},
5832     OPTNUMBER = {},
5833     PAGES = {},
5834     OPTMONTH = {},
5835     OPTNOTE = {In press}
5836     }
5837    
5838     @ARTICLE{Held:Hou1980,
5839     AUTHOR = {Held, I.M. and A. Y. Hou},
5840     TITLE = {Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly
5841     inviscid atmosphere},
5842     JOURNAL = jas,
5843     YEAR = {1980},
5844     VOLUME = {37},
5845     OPTNUMBER = {},
5846     PAGES = {515-533},
5847     OPTMONTH = {},
5848     OPTNOTE = {}
5849     }
5850    
5851     @ARTICLE{Held:Suarez1978,
5852     AUTHOR = {Held, I.M. and M.J. Suarez},
5853     TITLE = {A two-level primitive equation atmospheric model
5854     designed for climatic sensitivity experiments.},
5855     JOURNAL = jas,
5856     YEAR = {1978},
5857     VOLUME = {35},
5858     OPTNUMBER = {},
5859     PAGES = {206-229},
5860     OPTMONTH = {},
5861     OPTNOTE = {}
5862     }
5863    
5864     @INCOLLECTION{Held1982,
5865     AUTHOR = {I. M. Held},
5866     TITLE = {{Stationary and quasi-stationary eddies in the extratropical
5867     troposphere: theory}},
5868     EDITOR = {{B. J. Hoskins and R. P. Pearce}},
5869     BOOKTITLE = {{Large-scale dynamical processes in the atmosphere}},
5870     PAGES = {127-168},
5871     YEAR = 1982,
5872     PUBLISHER = {Academic Press, London}
5873     }
5874    
5875     @ARTICLE{Hellerman1980,
5876     AUTHOR = {Hellerman, S.},
5877     TITLE = {{Charts of the variability of the wind stress over the tropical Atlantic. GATE Suppl. II}},
5878     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
5879     VOLUME = {26},
5880     PAGES = {63-75},
5881     YEAR = {1980}
5882     }
5883    
5884     @ARTICLE{Hellerman:Rosenstein1983,
5885     AUTHOR = {Hellerman, S. and M. Rosenstein},
5886     TITLE = {{Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates}},
5887     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5888     VOLUME = {13},
5889     PAGES = {1093-1104},
5890     YEAR = {1983}
5891     }
5892    
5893     @BOOK{Henshaw1985,
5894     AUTHOR = {Henshaw, W.D.},
5895     TITLE = {{Part 1: The numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws; Part 2: Composite overlapping grid techniques}},
5896     PAGES = {170},
5897     YEAR = {1985},
5898     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis}}
5899     }
5900    
5901     @ARTICLE{Herman:Goody1976,
5902     AUTHOR = {Herman, G. and R. Goody},
5903     TITLE = {{Formation and persistence of summertime Arctic stratus clouds}},
5904     JOURNAL = jas,
5905     VOLUME = {33},
5906     PAGES = {1537-1553},
5907     YEAR = {1976}
5908     }
5909    
5910     @ARTICLE{Herterich:Hasselmann1987,
5911     AUTHOR = {K. Herterich and K. Hasselmann},
5912     TITLE = {Extraction of Mixed Layer Advection Velocities,
5913     Diffusion Coefficients, Feedback Factors and
5914     Atmospheric Forcing Parameters from the Statistical
5915     Analysis of {North} {Pacific} {SST} Anomaly Fields.},
5916     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5917     YEAR = 1987,
5918     VOLUME = 17,
5919     PAGES = {2145-2156},
5920     KEYWORDS = {Inverse modeling}
5921     }
5922    
5923     @ARTICLE{Hess:etal1993,
5924     AUTHOR = {Hess, P. G. and D. S. Battisti and P. J. Rasch},
5925     TITLE = {{Maintenance of the Intertropical Convergence Zones and the
5926     large-scale tropical circulation on a water-covered Earth}},
5927     JOURNAL = jas,
5928     VOLUME = {50},
5929     PAGES = {691-713},
5930     YEAR = {1993}
5931     }
5932    
5933     @ARTICLE{Hewitt:Mitchell1997,
5934     AUTHOR = {Hewitt, C. D. and J. F. B. Mitchell},
5935     TITLE = {{Radiative forcing and response of a GCM to ice age boundary
5936     conditions: cloud feedback and climate sensitivity}},
5937     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
5938     VOLUME = {13},
5939     PAGES = {821-834},
5940     YEAR = {1997}
5941     }
5942    
5943     @ARTICLE{Hibler1979,
5944     AUTHOR = {W. D. Hibler},
5945     TITLE = {{A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model}},
5946     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5947     VOLUME = {9},
5948     PAGES = {815-846},
5949     YEAR = {1979}
5950     }
5951    
5952     @ARTICLE{Hirst1986,
5953     AUTHOR = {Hirst, A.C.},
5954     TITLE = {{Unstable and damped equatorial modes in simple coupled ocean-atmosphere models}},
5955     JOURNAL = jas,
5956     VOLUME = {43},
5957     PAGES = {606-630},
5958     YEAR = {1986}
5959     }
5960    
5961     @ARTICLE{Hirst1988,
5962     AUTHOR = {Hirst, A.C.},
5963     TITLE = {{Slow instabilities in tropical ocean basin - global atmosphere models}},
5964     JOURNAL = jas,
5965     VOLUME = {45},
5966     PAGES = {830-852},
5967     YEAR = {1988}
5968     }
5969    
5970     @ARTICLE{Hirst:Hastenrath1983a,
5971     AUTHOR = {A.C. Hirst and S. Hastenrath},
5972     TITLE = {{Diagnostics of hydrometeorological anomalies in the
5973     Zaire (Congo) basin.}},
5974     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. R. Met. Soc.},
5975     YEAR = {1983a},
5976     VOLUME = {109},
5977     OPTNUMBER = {},
5978     PAGES = {881-892},
5979     OPTMONTH = {},
5980     OPTNOTE = {}
5981     }
5982    
5983     @ARTICLE{Hirst:Hastenrath1983b,
5984     AUTHOR = {A.C. Hirst and S. Hastenrath},
5985     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-ocean mechanisms of climate anomalies in
5986     the Angola-tropical Atlantic sector.}},
5987     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.l},
5988     YEAR = {1983b},
5989     VOLUME = {13},
5990     OPTNUMBER = {},
5991     PAGES = {1146-1157},
5992     OPTMONTH = {},
5993     OPTNOTE = {}
5994     }
5995    
5996     @ARTICLE{Holton:Colton1972,
5997     AUTHOR = {Holton, J. R. and D. E. Colton},
5998     TITLE = {{A diagnostic study of the vorticity balance at 200mb
5999     in the tropics during the northern summer}},
6000     JOURNAL = jas,
6001     YEAR = {1972},
6002     VOLUME = {29},
6003     OPTNUMBER = {},
6004     PAGES = {1124-1128},
6005     OPTMONTH = {},
6006     OPTNOTE = {}
6007     }
6008    
6009     @ARTICLE{Holton:etal1971,
6010     AUTHOR = {Holton, J. R. and J. M. Wallace and J. A. Young},
6011     TITLE = {{On boundary layer dynamics and the ITCZ}},
6012     JOURNAL = jas,
6013     YEAR = {1971},
6014     VOLUME = {28},
6015     OPTNUMBER = {},
6016     PAGES = {275-280},
6017     OPTMONTH = {},
6018     OPTNOTE = {}
6019     }
6020    
6021     @ARTICLE{Holtslag:Boville1993,
6022     AUTHOR = {Holtslag, A. A. M. and B. A. Boville},
6023     TITLE = {{Local versus nonlocal boundary layer diffusion in a
6024     global climate model}},
6025     JOURNAL = jc,
6026     YEAR = {1993},
6027     VOLUME = {6},
6028     OPTNUMBER = {},
6029     PAGES = {1825-1842},
6030     OPTMONTH = {},
6031     OPTNOTE = {}
6032     }
6033    
6034     @ARTICLE{Holtslag:etal1990,
6035     AUTHOR = {Holtslag, A. A. M. and E. I. F. deBruijn and H. L. Pan},
6036     TITLE = {{A high resolution air mass transformation model for
6037     short-range weather forecasting}},
6038     JOURNAL = mwr,
6039     YEAR = {1990},
6040     VOLUME = {118},
6041     OPTNUMBER = {},
6042     PAGES = {1561-1575},
6043     OPTMONTH = {},
6044     OPTNOTE = {}
6045     }
6046    
6047     @ARTICLE{Horel:Wallace1981,
6048     AUTHOR = {Horel, J. D. and Wallace, J. M.},
6049     TITLE = {Planetary scale atmospheric phenomena associated with
6050     the {Southern Oscillation}.},
6051     JOURNAL = {Mon. Wea. Rev. },
6052     YEAR = {1981},
6053     VOLUME = {109},
6054     OPTNUMBER = {},
6055     PAGES = {813-829},
6056     OPTMONTH = {},
6057     OPTNOTE = {}
6058     }
6059    
6060     @ARTICLE{Hoskins:Karoly1981,
6061     AUTHOR = {Hoskins, B.J. and K. Karoly},
6062     TITLE = {{The steady response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. }},
6063     JOURNAL = jas,
6064     VOLUME = {38},
6065     PAGES = {1179-1196},
6066     YEAR = {1981}
6067     }
6068    
6069     @ARTICLE{Hoskins:Valdes1990,
6070     AUTHOR = {Hoskins, B.J. and P. J. Valdes},
6071     TITLE = {{On the existence of storm tracks. }},
6072     JOURNAL = jas,
6073     VOLUME = {47},
6074     PAGES = {1854-1864},
6075     YEAR = {1990}
6076     }
6077    
6078     @ARTICLE{Hoskins1996,
6079     AUTHOR = {Hoskins, B.J.},
6080     TITLE = {{On the existence and strength of the summer subtropical anticyclones }},
6081     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
6082     VOLUME = {77},
6083     PAGES = {1287-1292},
6084     YEAR = {1996}
6085     }
6086    
6087     @ARTICLE{Houghton:Colin1987,
6088     AUTHOR = {Robert W. Houghton and Christian Colin},
6089     TITLE = {Wind-Driven Meridional Eddy Flux in the {Gulf} of {Guinea}},
6090     JOURNAL = jgr,
6091     YEAR = 1987,
6092     VOLUME = 92,
6093     NUMBER = {C10},
6094     PAGES = {10777-10786},
6095     KEYWORDS = {eddy heat flux, Gulf of Guinea}
6096     }
6097    
6098     @ARTICLE{Houghton:Tourre1992,
6099     AUTHOR = {Houghton, R. W. and Y. Tourre},
6100     TITLE = {{Characteristics of low frequency sea surface temperature fluctuations in the tropical Atlantic}},
6101     JOURNAL = jc,
6102     VOLUME = 5,
6103     PAGES = {765-771},
6104     YEAR = 1992
6105     }
6106    
6107     @ARTICLE{Hsiung1986,
6108     AUTHOR = {Hsiung, J.},
6109     TITLE = {{Mean surface energy fluxes over the global ocean}},
6110     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6111     VOLUME = {91},
6112     PAGES = {10,585-10,606},
6113     YEAR = {1986}
6114     }
6115    
6116     @ARTICLE{Hsiung:etal1989,
6117     AUTHOR = {Hsiung, J. and R. E. Newell and T. Houghtby},
6118     TITLE = {{The annual cycle of oceanic heat storage and oceanic meridional heat transport}},
6119     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
6120     VOLUME = {115},
6121     PAGES = {1-28},
6122     YEAR = {1989}
6123     }
6124    
6125     @ARTICLE{Huang:Bryan1987,
6126     AUTHOR = {Huang, R.X. and D. Bryan},
6127     TITLE = {{A multilayer model of the thermohaline and wind-driven ocean circulation}},
6128     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6129     VOLUME = {17},
6130     PAGES = {1909-1024},
6131     YEAR = {1987}
6132     }
6133    
6134     @ARTICLE{Huang:Shukla1997,
6135     AUTHOR = {Huang, B. and J. Shukla},
6136     TITLE = {{Characteristics of the interannual and decadal variability
6137     in a general circulation model of the tropical
6138     Atlantic Ocean}},
6139     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6140     VOLUME = {27},
6141     PAGES = {1693-1712},
6142     YEAR = {1997}
6143     }
6144    
6145     @ARTICLE{Hurrell1995,
6146     AUTHOR = {J. W. Hurrell},
6147     TITLE = {{Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional
6148     temperatures and precipitation}},
6149     JOURNAL = {Science},
6150     VOLUME = {269},
6151     PAGES = {676-679},
6152     YEAR = {1995}
6153     }
6154    
6155     @ARTICLE{Hurrell1996,
6156     AUTHOR = {J. W. Hurrell},
6157     TITLE = {{Influence of variations in extratropical wintertime
6158     teleconnections on Northern Hemisphere temperature}},
6159     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
6160     VOLUME = {23},
6161     PAGES = {665-668},
6162     YEAR = {1996}
6163     }
6164    
6165     @ARTICLE{Hurrell:VanLoon1997,
6166     AUTHOR = {J. W. Hurrell and H. Van Loon},
6167     TITLE = {{Decadal variations in climate associated with the North
6168     Atlantic Oscillation}},
6169     JOURNAL = {Climatic Change},
6170     VOLUME = {36},
6171     PAGES = {301-326},
6172     NOTE = {},
6173     YEAR = {1997}
6174     }
6175    
6176     @ARTICLE{Inamdar:Ramanathan1994,
6177     AUTHOR = {Inamdar, A. K. and V. Ramanathan},
6178     TITLE = {Physics of greenhouse effect and convection in warm oceans},
6179     JOURNAL = jc,
6180     YEAR = {1994},
6181     VOLUME = {7},
6182     OPTNUMBER = {},
6183     PAGES = {715-731},
6184     OPTMONTH = {},
6185     OPTNOTE = {}
6186     }
6187    
6188     @ARTICLE{Inoue:O'Brien1984,
6189     AUTHOR = {Inoue, M. and J.J. O'Brien},
6190     TITLE = {A forecasting model for the onset of {El Ni\~no}.},
6191     JOURNAL = mwr,
6192     YEAR = {1984},
6193     VOLUME = {112},
6194     OPTNUMBER = {},
6195     PAGES = {2326-2337},
6196     OPTMONTH = {},
6197     OPTNOTE = {}
6198     }
6199    
6200     @BOOK{IPCC1990,
6201     AUTHOR = {{Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}},
6202     TITLE = {{Climate change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment}},
6203     YEAR = {1990},
6204     PAGES = {365},
6205     PUBLISHER = {{Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 365pp}}
6206     }
6207    
6208     @ARTICLE{Israeli:Gottlieb1974,
6209     AUTHOR = {M. Israeli and D. Gottlieb},
6210     TITLE = {xxx},
6211     JOURNAL = mwr,
6212     YEAR = 1974,
6213     VOLUME = 102,
6214     PAGES = {254-256}
6215     }
6216    
6217     @ARTICLE{Israeli:etal1999,
6218     AUTHOR = {M. Israeli and N. Naik and M. A. Cane},
6219     TITLE = {{An unconditionally stable scheme for the shallow
6220     water equations}},
6221     JOURNAL = mwr,
6222     YEAR = 2000,
6223     VOLUME = {128},
6224     PAGES = {810-823},
6225     OPTNOTE = {}
6226     }
6227    
6228     @ARTICLE{Jaeger1976,
6229     AUTHOR = {Jaeger, L.},
6230     TITLE = {{Monatskarten des Niederschlags f{\"ur} die ganze Erde.}},
6231     JOURNAL = {{Ber. Dtsch. Wetterdienstes}},
6232     VOLUME = {{18(139)}},
6233     YEAR = {1976},
6234     PAGES = {{38pp}}
6235     }
6236    
6237     @ARTICLE{Jabouille:etal1996,
6238     AUTHOR = {P. Jabouille and J. L. Redelsperger and J. P. LaFlore},
6239     TITLE = {{Modification of surface fluxes by atmospheric convection in
6240     the TOGA COARE region}},
6241     JOURNAL = mwr,
6242     VOLUME = {124},
6243     PAGES = {816-837},
6244     YEAR = {1996}
6245     }
6246    
6247     @ARTICLE{Janjic1990,
6248     AUTHOR = {Z. I. Janji\'{c}},
6249     TITLE = {{The step-mountain coordinate: Physical passage}},
6250     JOURNAL = mwr,
6251     VOLUME = {118},
6252     PAGES = {1429-1443},
6253     YEAR = {1990}
6254     }
6255    
6256     @ARTICLE{Janjic1994,
6257     AUTHOR = {Z. I. Janji\'{c}},
6258     TITLE = {{The step-mountain Eta coordinate model: Further
6259     developments of the convection, viscous sublayer,
6260     and turbulence closure schemes}},
6261     JOURNAL = mwr,
6262     VOLUME = {122},
6263     PAGES = {927-945},
6264     YEAR = {1994}
6265     }
6266    
6267     @ARTICLE{Jenkins1982,
6268     AUTHOR = {Jenkins, W.J.},
6269     TITLE = {{On the climate of a subtropical ocean gyre: Decadal timescale variations in water mass renewal in the Sargasso Sea}},
6270     JOURNAL = jmr,
6271     VOLUME = {40Suppl},
6272     PAGES = {265-290},
6273     YEAR = {1982}
6274     }
6275    
6276     @BOOK{Jenkins:Watts1968,
6277     AUTHOR = {Gwilym M. Jenkins and Donald G. Watts},
6278     TITLE = {Spectral Analysis and its applications},
6279     PUBLISHER = {Holden-Day},
6280     YEAR = {1968},
6281     PAGES = {525},
6282     OPTEDITOR = {},
6283     OPTVOLUME = {},
6284     OPTSERIES = {},
6285     OPTADDRESS = {},
6286     OPTEDITION = {},
6287     OPTMONTH = {},
6288     OPTNOTE = {}
6289     }
6290    
6291     @ARTICLE{Jin:Neelin1993,
6292     AUTHOR = {F.-F. Jin and J. D. Neelin},
6293     TITLE = {{Modes of interannual tropical ocean-atmosphere
6294     interaction - a unified view. Part I: numerical results.}},
6295     JOURNAL = jas,
6296     NOTE = {(accepted)},
6297     YEAR = {1993}
6298     }
6299    
6300     @ARTICLE{Jin1997,
6301     AUTHOR = {F.-F. Jin},
6302     TITLE = {{A theory of interdecadal climate variability of the
6303     North Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere system}},
6304     JOURNAL = jc,
6305     NOTE = {},
6306     VOLUME = {10},
6307     PAGES = {1821-1835},
6308     YEAR = {1997}
6309     }
6310    
6311     @ARTICLE{Jones1988,
6312     AUTHOR = {Jones, P.D.},
6313     TITLE = {The influence of ENSO on global temperatures.},
6314     JOURNAL = {Climate Monitor},
6315     YEAR = {1988},
6316     VOLUME = {17},
6317     OPTNUMBER = {},
6318     PAGES = {80-89},
6319     OPTMONTH = {},
6320     OPTNOTE = {}
6321     }
6322    
6323     @ARTICLE{Kalnay:etal1996,
6324     AUTHOR = {E. Kalnay and others},
6325     TITLE = {{The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project}},
6326     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
6327     VOLUME = 77,
6328     PAGES = {437-471},
6329     YEAR = 1996
6330     }
6331    
6332     @ARTICLE{Kanamitsu:etal1990,
6333     AUTHOR = {Kanamitsu, M. and K. C. Mo and E. Kalnay},
6334     TITLE = {{Annual cycle integration of the NMC medium-range
6335     forecasting (MRF) model}},
6336     JOURNAL = mwr,
6337     VOLUME = 118,
6338     PAGES = {2543-2467},
6339     YEAR = 1990
6340     }
6341    
6342     @ARTICLE{Kantha:Mellor1989,
6343     AUTHOR = {Kantha, L. H. and G. L. Mellor},
6344     TITLE = {{A numerical model of the atmospheric boundary layer over a
6345     marginal ice zone}},
6346     JOURNAL = jgr,
6347     VOLUME = 94,
6348     PAGES = {4959-4970},
6349     YEAR = 1989
6350     }
6351    
6352     @ARTICLE{Kaplan:etal1997a,
6353     AUTHOR = {A. Kaplan and Y. Kushnir and M. A. Cane and M. B. Blumenthal},
6354     TITLE = {{Reduced space optimal analysis for historical data sets:
6355     136 years of Atlantic sea surface temperatures}},
6356     JOURNAL = jgr,
6357     VOLUME = {},
6358     PAGES = {},
6359     NOTE = {in press},
6360     YEAR = 1997
6361     }
6362    
6363     @ARTICLE{Kaplan:etal1997b,
6364     AUTHOR = {A. Kaplan and M. A. Cane and Y. Kushnir and A. C. Clement
6365     and M. B. Blumenthal and B. Rajagopalan},
6366     TITLE = {{Analyses of global sea surface temperature: 1856-1991}},
6367     JOURNAL = jgr,
6368     VOLUME = {},
6369     PAGES = {},
6370     NOTE = {in press},
6371     YEAR = 1997
6372     }
6373    
6374     @ARTICLE{Kasahara1976,
6375     AUTHOR = {A. Kasahara},
6376     TITLE = {{Normal modes of ultralong waves in the atmosphere}},
6377     JOURNAL = mwr,
6378     VOLUME = 104,
6379     PAGES = {669-690},
6380     YEAR = 1976
6381     }
6382    
6383     @ARTICLE{Kasahara1978,
6384     AUTHOR = {A. Kasahara},
6385     TITLE = {{Further studies on a spectral model of the global
6386     barotropic primitive equations with Hough harmonic expansions}},
6387     JOURNAL = jas,
6388     VOLUME = 35,
6389     PAGES = {2043-2051},
6390     YEAR = 1978
6391     }
6392    
6393     @ARTICLE{Karspeck:Cane2001,
6394     AUTHOR = {A. Karspeck and M. A. Cane},
6395     TITLE = {{Tropical Pacific 1976/77 climate shift in a linear
6396     wind-driven model}},
6397     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6398     VOLUME = {},
6399     PAGES = {},
6400     NOTE = {submitted},
6401     YEAR = 2001
6402     }
6403    
6404     @ARTICLE{Kasahara:Shigehisa1983,
6405     AUTHOR = {A. Kasahara and Y. Shigehisa},
6406     TITLE = {{Orthogonal vertical normal modes of a vertically staggered
6407     discretized atmospheric model}},
6408     JOURNAL = mwr,
6409     VOLUME = 111,
6410     PAGES = {1724-1735},
6411     YEAR = 1983
6412     }
6413    
6414     @ARTICLE{Kawase1987,
6415     AUTHOR = {Kawase, M.},
6416     TITLE = {{Establishment of deep ocean circulation driven by deep-water production.}},
6417     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6418     VOLUME = {17},
6419     PAGES = {2294-2317},
6420     YEAR = {1987}
6421     }
6422    
6423     @TECHREPORT{Kiehl:etal1987,
6424     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J.T and R.J. Wolski and B.P. Briegleb and V. Ramanathan},
6425     TITLE = {{Documentation of radiation and cloud routines in the NCAR
6426     Community Climate Model (CCM1)}},
6427     INSTITUTION = {{National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
6428     Colorado, 109pp}},
6429     NUMBER = {NCAR/TN-288+1A},
6430     YEAR = {1987}
6431     }
6432    
6433     @ARTICLE{Kiehl:Briegleb1991,
6434     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J. T. and B. P. Briegleb},
6435     TITLE = {{A new parameterization of the absorptance due to the
6436     15-$\mu$m band system of carbon dioxide}},
6437     JOURNAL = jgr,
6438     VOLUME = {96},
6439     PAGES = {9013-9019},
6440     YEAR = {1991 }
6441     }
6442    
6443     @ARTICLE{Kiehl:Ramanathan1982,
6444     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J. T. and V. Ramanathan},
6445     TITLE = {{Radiative heating due to increased $C0_2$: The role of the
6446     $H_2O$ continuum absorption in the 12-18$\mu$m region.}},
6447     JOURNAL = jas,
6448     VOLUME = {39},
6449     PAGES = {2923-2926},
6450     YEAR = {1982 }
6451     }
6452    
6453     @ARTICLE{Kiehl:Ramanathan1983,
6454     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J. T. and V. Ramanathan},
6455     TITLE = {{$CO_2$ radiative parameterization used in climate models:
6456     Comparison with narrow band models and with
6457     laboratory data}},
6458     JOURNAL = jgr,
6459     VOLUME = {88},
6460     PAGES = {5191-5202},
6461     YEAR = {1983 }
6462     }
6463    
6464     @ARTICLE{Killworth1985,
6465     AUTHOR = {Killworth, P.D.},
6466     TITLE = {{A two-level wind and buoyancy driven thermocline model}},
6467     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6468     VOLUME = {15},
6469     PAGES = {1414-1432},
6470     YEAR = {1985 }
6471     }
6472    
6473     @ARTICLE{Kistler:etal2001,
6474     AUTHOR = {Kistler, R. and 12 others},
6475     TITLE = {{The NCEP-NCAR 50-year Reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation}},
6476     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
6477     VOLUME = {82},
6478     PAGES = {247-268},
6479     YEAR = {2001 }
6480     }
6481    
6482     @ARTICLE{Kleeman:Power1995,
6483     AUTHOR = {R. Kleeman and S. B. Power},
6484     TITLE = {{A simple atmospheric model of surface heat flux for
6485     use in ocean modeling studies}},
6486     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6487     YEAR = {1995},
6488     VOLUME = {25},
6489     PAGES = {92-105}
6490     }
6491    
6492     @ARTICLE{Klein:Hartmann1993,
6493     AUTHOR = {S. A. Klein and D. L. Hartmann},
6494     TITLE = {{The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds}},
6495     JOURNAL = jc,
6496     YEAR = {1993},
6497     VOLUME = {6},
6498     PAGES = {1587-1606}
6499     }
6500    
6501     @ARTICLE{Knutson:Manabe1995,
6502     AUTHOR = {T. R. Knutson and S. Manabe},
6503     TITLE = {{Time-mean response over the tropical Pacific to
6504     increased $CO_2$ in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
6505     JOURNAL = jc,
6506     YEAR = {1995},
6507     VOLUME = {8},
6508     PAGES = {2181-2199}
6509     }
6510    
6511     @ARTICLE{Knutson:etal1996,
6512     AUTHOR = {T. R. Knutson and S. Manabe and D. Gu},
6513     TITLE = {{Simulated ENSO in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere
6514     model: Multi-decadal amplitude modulation and
6515     $CO_2$ sensitivity}},
6516     JOURNAL = jc,
6517     NOTE = {in press},
6518     YEAR = {1996},
6519     VOLUME = {},
6520     PAGES = {}
6521     }
6522    
6523     @ARTICLE{Kloesel:Albrecht1989,
6524     AUTHOR = {K. A. Kloesel and B. A. Albrecht},
6525     TITLE = {{Low-level inversions over the tropical
6526     Pacific-thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer
6527     and the above inversion moisture structure}},
6528     JOURNAL = mwr,
6529     YEAR = {1989},
6530     VOLUME = {117},
6531     PAGES = {87-101}
6532     }
6533    
6534     @ARTICLE{Kousky:etal1984,
6535     AUTHOR = {V.E. Kousky and M.T. Kagano and I.F.A. Cavalcanti},
6536     TITLE = {{A review of the Southern Oscillation:
6537     oceanic-atmospheric circulation changes and related
6538     rainfall anomalies.}},
6539     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6540     YEAR = {1984},
6541     VOLUME = {36A},
6542     PAGES = {490-504}
6543     }
6544    
6545     @ARTICLE{Kraus:Turner1967,
6546     AUTHOR = {Kraus, E.B. and J.S. Turner},
6547     TITLE = {A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline.
6548     {II}: {The general theory and its consequences.}},
6549     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6550     YEAR = {1967},
6551     VOLUME = {19},
6552     OPTNUMBER = {},
6553     PAGES = {98-106},
6554     OPTMONTH = {},
6555     OPTNOTE = {}
6556     }
6557    
6558     @ARTICLE{Krishnamurti1971,
6559     AUTHOR = {Krishnamurti, T. N.},
6560     TITLE = {{Tropical east-west circulations during the northern summer}},
6561     JOURNAL = jas,
6562     YEAR = {1971},
6563     VOLUME = {28},
6564     OPTNUMBER = {},
6565     PAGES = {1342-1347},
6566     OPTMONTH = {},
6567     OPTNOTE = {}
6568     }
6569    
6570     @ARTICLE{Krishnamurti:etal1973,
6571     AUTHOR = {Krishnamurti, T. N. and M. Kanamitsu and W. J. Koss
6572     and J. D. Lee},
6573     TITLE = {{Tropical east-west circulations during the northern winter}},
6574     JOURNAL = jas,
6575     YEAR = {1973},
6576     VOLUME = {30},
6577     OPTNUMBER = {},
6578     PAGES = {780-787},
6579     OPTMONTH = {},
6580     OPTNOTE = {}
6581     }
6582    
6583     @ARTICLE{Kuo1965,
6584     AUTHOR = {H-L Kuo},
6585     TITLE = {On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones
6586     through latent heat release by cumulus convection},
6587     JOURNAL = jas,
6588     YEAR = {1965},
6589     OPTVOLUME = {22},
6590     OPTNUMBER = {},
6591     OPTPAGES = {40-63},
6592     OPTMONTH = {},
6593     OPTNOTE = {}
6594     }
6595    
6596     @ARTICLE{Kuo1974,
6597     AUTHOR = {H-L Kuo},
6598     TITLE = {Further studies of the influence of cumulus
6599     convection on large scale flow},
6600     JOURNAL = jas,
6601     YEAR = {1974},
6602     VOLUME = {31},
6603     OPTNUMBER = {},
6604     PAGES = {1232-1240},
6605     OPTMONTH = {},
6606     OPTNOTE = {}
6607     }
6608    
6609     @ARTICLE{Kushnir1991,
6610     AUTHOR = {Y. Kushnir},
6611     TITLE = {A simple method for the removal of the linear trend
6612     in equatorial {Pacific} wind stress field},
6613     JOURNAL = {submitted to TOGA {Notes}},
6614     YEAR = {1991},
6615     OPTVOLUME = {},
6616     OPTNUMBER = {},
6617     OPTPAGES = {},
6618     OPTMONTH = {},
6619     OPTNOTE = {}
6620     }
6621    
6622     @ARTICLE{Kushner:Held1998,
6623     AUTHOR = {Kushner, P. J. and I. M. Held},
6624     TITLE = {{A test, using atmospheric data, of a method for estimating
6625     oceanic eddy diffusivity}},
6626     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
6627     VOLUME = {25},
6628     PAGES = {4213-4216},
6629     YEAR = {1998}
6630     }
6631    
6632     @ARTICLE{Kushnir1994,
6633     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y},
6634     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variations in North Atlantic sea surface
6635     temperature and associated atmospheric conditions}},
6636     JOURNAL = jc,
6637     VOLUME = {7},
6638     PAGES = {141-157},
6639     YEAR = {1994}
6640     }
6641    
6642     @ARTICLE{Kushnir:Wallace1989,
6643     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y. and J.M. Wallace},
6644     TITLE = {{Low-frequency variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter: Geographical distribution and time-scale dependence}},
6645     JOURNAL = jas,
6646     VOLUME = {46},
6647     PAGES = {3122-3142},
6648     YEAR = {1989}
6649     }
6650    
6651     @ARTICLE{Kushnir:Held1996,
6652     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y. and I. M. Held},
6653     TITLE = {{Equilibrium response to North Atlantic SST anomalies}},
6654     JOURNAL = jc,
6655     VOLUME = {9},
6656     PAGES = {1208-1220},
6657     YEAR = {1996}
6658     }
6659    
6660     @ARTICLE{Kushnir:etal1997,
6661     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y. and V. J. Cardone and J. G. Greenwood and M. A. Cane},
6662     TITLE = {{On the recent increase in North Atlantic wave heights}},
6663     JOURNAL = jc,
6664     VOLUME = {},
6665     PAGES = {},
6666     YEAR = {1997},
6667     NOTE = {In press}
6668     }
6669    
6670     @TECHREPORT{Kushnir1996,
6671     AUTHOR = {Y. Kushnir},
6672     TITLE = {{ The pattern of Atlantic decadal ocean-atmosphere
6673     interaction: Link to global SST variability and climate over the
6674     continents}},
6675     INSTITUTION = {{The Atlantic Climate Change Program PI meeting, Woods Hole,
6676     NOAA/UCAR}},
6677     NUMBER = {76-81},
6678     YEAR = {1996}
6679     }
6680    
6681     @ARTICLE{Kutzbach:etal1977,
6682     AUTHOR = {Kutzbach, J.E. and R.M. Chervin and D.D. Houghton},
6683     TITLE = {{Response of the NCAR general circulation model to prescribed changes in ocean surface temperature. Part I: Mid-latitude changes}},
6684     JOURNAL = jas,
6685     VOLUME = {34},
6686     PAGES = {1200-1213},
6687     YEAR = {1977}
6688     }
6689    
6690     @ARTICLE{Lacarra:Talagrand1988,
6691     AUTHOR = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Lacarra and Olivier Talagrand},
6692     TITLE = {Short-range evolution of small perturbations in a
6693     barotropic model},
6694     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6695     YEAR = {1988},
6696     VOLUME = {40A},
6697     OPTNUMBER = {},
6698     PAGES = {81-95},
6699     OPTMONTH = {},
6700     OPTNOTE = {}
6701     }
6702    
6703     @ARTICLE{Lacis:Hansen1974,
6704     AUTHOR = {Lacis, A.A. and J.E. Hansen},
6705     TITLE = {{A parameterization for the absorption of solar radiation in
6706     the Earth's atmosphere}},
6707     JOURNAL = jas,
6708     VOLUME = {31},
6709     PAGES = {118-133},
6710     YEAR = {1974}
6711     }
6712    
6713     @INCOLLECTION{Lagos:Buizer1992,
6714     AUTHOR = {Lagos, P. and J. Buizer},
6715     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no and Peru: A nation's response to
6716     interannual climate variability}},
6717     BOOKTITLE = {{Natural and Technological Disasters: Cause, Effects
6718     and Preventive Measures.}},
6719     PUBLISHER = {The Pennsylvania Academy of Science},
6720     YEAR = 1992,
6721     EDITOR = {Makjumdar, S. K. and G. S. Forbes and E. W. Miller and
6722     R. F. Schmalz},
6723     PAGES = {223-238},
6724     ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, U.S.A.}
6725     }
6726    
6727     @ARTICLE{Lall:Moon1997,
6728     AUTHOR = {U. Lall and Y. Moon},
6729     TITLE = {Local Weighted Polynomial Regression :
6730     Parameter choice and application to forecasts of the {Great Salt Lake}},
6731     JOURNAL = {Water Resources Research},
6732     VOLUME = {},
6733     PAGES = {},
6734     NOTE = {submitted},
6735     YEAR = 1997
6736     }
6737    
6738     @ARTICLE{Lall:Sharma1996,
6739     AUTHOR = {U. Lall and A. Sharma},
6740     TITLE = {A Nearest Neighbor Bootstrap for Time Series Resampling},
6741     JOURNAL = {Water Resources Research},
6742     VOLUME = {32(3)},
6743     PAGES = {679-693},
6744     NOTE = {},
6745     YEAR = 1996
6746     }
6747    
6748     @ARTICLE{Lall:etal1997,
6749     AUTHOR = {U. Lall and K. Bosworth and A. Owosina},
6750     TITLE = {Local Polynomial Estimation of Spatial Surfaces},
6751     JOURNAL = {Computational Statistics},
6752     VOLUME = {},
6753     PAGES = {},
6754     NOTE = {in press},
6755     YEAR = 1997
6756     }
6757    
6758     @ARTICLE{Lamb1978a,
6759     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P.J.},
6760     TITLE = {{Large scale tropical Atlantic surface circulation patterns associated with Sub-Saharan weather anomalies}},
6761     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6762     VOLUME = {30},
6763     PAGES = {240-251},
6764     YEAR = {1978a}
6765     }
6766    
6767     @ARTICLE{Lamb1983,
6768     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P.J.},
6769     TITLE = {{West African water vapor variations between recent contrasting Subsaharan rainy seasons}},
6770     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6771     VOLUME = {35A},
6772     PAGES = {198-212},
6773     YEAR = {1983}
6774     }
6775    
6776     @ARTICLE{Lamb1978b,
6777     AUTHOR = {P.J. Lamb},
6778     TITLE = {{Case studies of tropical Atlantic surface circulation
6779     patterns during recent Sub-Saharan weather anomalies:
6780     1967 and 1968.}},
6781     JOURNAL = mwr,
6782     YEAR = {1978b},
6783     VOLUME = {106},
6784     OPTNUMBER = {},
6785     PAGES = {482-491},
6786     OPTMONTH = {},
6787     OPTNOTE = {}
6788     }
6789    
6790     @INCOLLECTION{Lamb:Peppler1991,
6791     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P. J. and R. A. Peppler},
6792     TITLE = {{West Africa}},
6793     BOOKTITLE = {{In Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate
6794     Anomalies.}},
6795     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge U. Press},
6796     YEAR = 1991,
6797     EDITOR = {Glantz, M.H. and R.W. Katz and N. Nicholls},
6798     CHAPTER = 5,
6799     PAGES = {121-189},
6800     ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England}
6801     }
6802    
6803     @ARTICLE{Lamb:Peppler1992,
6804     AUTHOR = {P.J. Lamb and R. A. Peppler},
6805     TITLE = {{Further case studies of tropical Atlantic surface
6806     atmospheric and oceanic patterns associated with
6807     sub-Saharan drought}},
6808     JOURNAL = jc,
6809     YEAR = {1992},
6810     VOLUME = {5},
6811     OPTNUMBER = {},
6812     PAGES = {476-488},
6813     OPTMONTH = {},
6814     OPTNOTE = {}
6815     }
6816    
6817     @ARTICLE{Lamb:Peppler1987,
6818     AUTHOR = {P.J. Lamb and R. A. Peppler},
6819     TITLE = {{North Atlantic oscillation: Concept and an application}},
6820     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
6821     YEAR = {1987},
6822     VOLUME = {68},
6823     OPTNUMBER = {},
6824     PAGES = {1218-1225},
6825     OPTMONTH = {},
6826     OPTNOTE = {}
6827     }
6828    
6829     @ARTICLE{Lamb:etal1986,
6830     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P. J. and R. A. Peppler and S. Hastenrath},
6831     TITLE = {{Interannual variability in the tropical Atlantic}},
6832     JOURNAL = {Nature},
6833     VOLUME = 322,
6834     PAGES = {238-240},
6835     YEAR = 1986
6836     }
6837    
6838     @ARTICLE{Large:Pond1981,
6839     AUTHOR = {Large, W.G. and S. Pon},
6840     TITLE = {{Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds}},
6841     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6842     VOLUME = {11},
6843     PAGES = {324-336},
6844     YEAR = {1981}
6845     }
6846    
6847     @ARTICLE{Large:etal1986,
6848     AUTHOR = {Large, W.G. and J.C. McWilliams and P.P. Niiler},
6849     TITLE = {Upper ocean thermal response to strong autumnal
6850     forcing of the Northeast Pacific},
6851     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6852     YEAR = {1986},
6853     OPTVOLUME = {},
6854     OPTNUMBER = {},
6855     OPTPAGES = {1524-1550},
6856     OPTMONTH = {},
6857     OPTNOTE = {}
6858     }
6859    
6860     @ARTICLE{Larson:etal1999,
6861     AUTHOR = {Larson, K. and and D. L. Hartmann and S. A. Klein},
6862     TITLE = {The role of clouds, water vapor, circulation and boundary layer structure in the sensitivity of tropical climate},
6863     JOURNAL = jc,
6864     YEAR = {1999},
6865     OPTVOLUME = {},
6866     OPTNUMBER = {},
6867     OPTPAGES = {},
6868     OPTMONTH = {},
6869     OPTNOTE = {In press.}
6870     }
6871    
6872     @ARTICLE{Latif1987,
6873     AUTHOR = {Latif, M.},
6874     TITLE = {{Tropical ocean circulation experiments}},
6875     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6876     VOLUME = {17},
6877     PAGES = {246-263},
6878     YEAR = {1987}
6879     }
6880    
6881     @ARTICLE{Latif:Barnett1994,
6882     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and T. P. Barnett},
6883     TITLE = {{Causes of decadal climate variability over the North
6884     Pacific/North American sector}},
6885     JOURNAL = {Science},
6886     VOLUME = {266},
6887     PAGES = {634-637},
6888     YEAR = {1994}
6889     }
6890    
6891     @ARTICLE{Latif:Barnett1996,
6892     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and T. P. Barnett},
6893     TITLE = {{Decadal climate variability over the North
6894     Pacific and North America: Dynamics and predictability}},
6895     JOURNAL = jc,
6896     VOLUME = {9},
6897     PAGES = {2407-2423},
6898     YEAR = {1996}
6899     }
6900    
6901     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1988,
6902     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and J. Biercamp and H. von Storch},
6903     TITLE = {{The response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to wind bursts}},
6904     JOURNAL = jas,
6905     VOLUME = {45},
6906     PAGES = {964-979},
6907     YEAR = {1988}
6908     }
6909    
6910     @INPROCEEDINGS{Latif:etal1988b,
6911     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and J. Biercamp and H. von Storch and F.W. Zwiers},
6912     TITLE = {A ten year climate simulation with a coupled
6913     ocean-atmosphere general circulation model.},
6914     BOOKTITLE = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"ur} Meteorologie, Report No. 21},
6915     PUBLISHER = {Bundesstrasse 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG},
6916     YEAR = {1988},
6917     OPTVOLUME = {},
6918     NUMBER = {21},
6919     OPTPAGES = {},
6920     OPTMONTH = {},
6921     OPTNOTE = {}
6922     }
6923    
6924     @TECHREPORT{Latif:etal1990,
6925     AUTHOR = {Mojib Latif and Moritz Fl{\"u}gel and Jin-Song Xu},
6926     TITLE = {An Investigation of Short Range Climate
6927     Predictability In the Tropical Pacific},
6928     INSTITUTION = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Meteorologie},
6929     YEAR = {1990},
6930     OPTTYPE = {},
6931     NUMBER = {52},
6932     PAGES = {39},
6933     OPTADDRESS = {},
6934     OPTMONTH = {},
6935     OPTNOTE = {}
6936     }
6937    
6938     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1991,
6939     AUTHOR = {Mojib Latif and Moritz Fl{\"u}gel and Jin-Song Xu},
6940     TITLE = {An investigation of short range climate
6941     predictability in the tropical {Pacific}},
6942     JOURNAL = jgr,
6943     YEAR = {1991},
6944     OPTVOLUME = {},
6945     OPTNUMBER = {},
6946     OPTPAGES = {},
6947     OPTMONTH = {},
6948     OPTNOTE = {}
6949     }
6950    
6951     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1994,
6952     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and T. P. Barnett and M. A. Cane and
6953     M. Fl{\"u}gel and N. E. Graham and H. von Storch and
6954     J.-S. Xu and S. E. Zebiak},
6955     TITLE = {{A review of ENSO prediction studies}},
6956     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
6957     YEAR = {1994},
6958     VOLUME = {9},
6959     OPTNUMBER = {},
6960     PAGES = {167-179},
6961     OPTMONTH = {},
6962     OPTNOTE = {}
6963     }
6964    
6965     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1996,
6966     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and R. Kleeman and C. Eckert},
6967     TITLE = {{Greenhouse warming, decadal variability or El
6968     Ni\~no? An attempt to understand the anomalous 1990s}},
6969     JOURNAL = jc,
6970     YEAR = {1996},
6971     VOLUME = {},
6972     OPTNUMBER = {},
6973     PAGES = {},
6974     OPTMONTH = {},
6975     NOTE = {submitted}
6976     }
6977    
6978     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal2000,
6979     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and E. Roeckner and U. Mikolajewicz and R. Voss},
6980     TITLE = {{Tropical stabilization of the thermohaline
6981     circulation in a greenhouse warming simulation}},
6982     JOURNAL = jc,
6983     YEAR = {2000},
6984     VOLUME = {13},
6985     OPTNUMBER = {},
6986     PAGES = {1809-1813},
6987     OPTMONTH = {},
6988     NOTE = {}
6989     }
6990    
6991     @ARTICLE{Lau:Peng1987,
6992     AUTHOR = {Lau, K-M. and L. Peng},
6993     TITLE = {Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations
6994     in the tropical atmosphere. Part I: Basic Theory},
6995     JOURNAL = jas,
6996     YEAR = {1987},
6997     VOLUME = {44},
6998     OPTNUMBER = {},
6999     PAGES = {950-972},
7000     OPTMONTH = {},
7001     OPTNOTE = {}
7002     }
7003    
7004     @ARTICLE{Lau1985,
7005     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C.},
7006     TITLE = {Modelling the seasonal dependence of the atmospheric
7007     response to observed {El Ni\~nos} in 1962-76.},
7008     JOURNAL = mwr,
7009     YEAR = {1985},
7010     VOLUME = {113},
7011     OPTNUMBER = {},
7012     PAGES = {1970-1996},
7013     OPTMONTH = {},
7014     OPTNOTE = {}
7015     }
7016    
7017     @ARTICLE{Lau:Lau1986,
7018     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C. and K-M. Lau},
7019     TITLE = {The structure and propagation of intraseasonal
7020     oscillations appearing in a {GFDL} general circulation model},
7021     JOURNAL = jas,
7022     YEAR = {1986},
7023     VOLUME = {43},
7024     OPTNUMBER = {},
7025     PAGES = {2023-2047},
7026     OPTMONTH = {},
7027     OPTNOTE = {}
7028     }
7029    
7030     @ARTICLE{Lau:etal1988,
7031     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and I. M. Held and J. D. Neelin},
7032     TITLE = {The {Madden-Julian} oscillation in an idealized general
7033     circulation model},
7034     JOURNAL = jas,
7035     YEAR = {1988},
7036     VOLUME = {45},
7037     OPTNUMBER = {},
7038     PAGES = {3810-3832},
7039     OPTMONTH = {},
7040     OPTNOTE = {}
7041     }
7042    
7043     @ARTICLE{Lau:Nath1990,
7044     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and M. J. Nath},
7045     TITLE = {{A general circulation model study of the atmospheric
7046     response to extratropical SST anomalies observed in 1950-1979}},
7047     JOURNAL = jc,
7048     VOLUME = {in press},
7049     YEAR = {1990}
7050     }
7051    
7052     @ARTICLE{Lau:Nath1994,
7053     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and M. J. Nath},
7054     TITLE = {{A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and
7055     extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of
7056     the global atmosphere-ocean system}},
7057     JOURNAL = jc,
7058     VOLUME = {7},
7059     PAGES = {1184-1207},
7060     YEAR = {1994}
7061     }
7062    
7063     @ARTICLE{Lau:Wallace1979,
7064     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and J. M. Wallace},
7065     TITLE = {{On the distribution of horizontal transports by transient
7066     eddies in the northern hemisphere wintertime circulation}},
7067     JOURNAL = jas,
7068     VOLUME = {36},
7069     PAGES = {1844-1861},
7070     YEAR = {1979}
7071     }
7072    
7073     @ARTICLE{Lau:etal1992,
7074     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C. and S. G. H. Philander and M. J. Nath},
7075     TITLE = {{Simulation of ENSO-like
7076     phenomena with a low-resolution coupled GCM of the
7077     global ocean and atmosphere}},
7078     JOURNAL = jc,
7079     VOLUME = {5},
7080     PAGES = {284-307},
7081     YEAR = {1992}
7082     }
7083    
7084     @ARTICLE{Lau1979,
7085     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C.},
7086     TITLE = {The observed structure of tropospheric stationary waves and the local balances of vorticity and heat},
7087     JOURNAL = jas,
7088     YEAR = {1979},
7089     VOLUME = {36},
7090     OPTNUMBER = {},
7091     PAGES = {996-1016},
7092     OPTMONTH = {},
7093     OPTNOTE = {}
7094     }
7095    
7096     @ARTICLE{Lazier1980,
7097     AUTHOR = {Lazier, J. R.},
7098     TITLE = {{Oceanographic conditions at ocean weather ship Bravo, 1964-1974}},
7099     JOURNAL = {Atmos.-Ocean.},
7100     VOLUME = {18},
7101     PAGES = {227-238},
7102     YEAR = {1980}
7103     }
7104    
7105     @ARTICLE{Leetmaa:Ji1989,
7106     AUTHOR = {Leetmaa, A. and M. Ji},
7107     TITLE = {Operational hindcasting of the Tropical Pacific},
7108     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Ocean.},
7109     YEAR = {1989},
7110     VOLUME = {13},
7111     OPTNUMBER = {},
7112     PAGES = {465-490},
7113     OPTMONTH = {},
7114     OPTNOTE = {}
7115     }
7116    
7117     @ARTICLE{Legler:etal1989,
7118     AUTHOR = {D. M. Legler and I. M. Navon and J. J. O'Brien},
7119     TITLE = {{Objective analysis of pseudostress over the Indian Ocean Using direct-minimization approach}},
7120     JOURNAL = mwr,
7121     VOLUME = {117},
7122     PAGES = {709-720},
7123     YEAR = {1989}
7124     }
7125    
7126     @BOOK{Levitus1982,
7127     AUTHOR = {Levitus, S. E.},
7128     TITLE = {{Climatological atlas of the world ocean}},
7129     PAGES = {173},
7130     FICHE = {17},
7131     YEAR = {1982},
7132     PUBLISHER = {{NOAA Professional Paper 13, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC}}
7133     }
7134    
7135     @ARTICLE{Levitus1989,
7136     AUTHOR = {Levitus, S.},
7137     TITLE = {{Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity at intermediate depths of the North Atlantic ocean, 1970-1974 versus 1955-1959}},
7138     JOURNAL = jgr,
7139     VOLUME = {94},
7140     PAGES = {6091-6131},
7141     YEAR = {1989}
7142     }
7143    
7144     @ARTICLE{Li:Leighton1993,
7145     AUTHOR = {Z. Li and H. G. Leighton},
7146     TITLE = {{Global climatologies of the solar radiation budgets
7147     at the surface and in the atmosphere from 5 years of
7148     ERBE data}},
7149     JOURNAL = jgr,
7150     YEAR = {1993},
7151     VOLUME = {98},
7152     OPTNUMBER = {},
7153     PAGES = {4919-4930},
7154     OPTMONTH = {},
7155     OPTNOTE = {}
7156     }
7157    
7158     @ARTICLE{Li:etal1993b,
7159     AUTHOR = {Z. Li and H. G. Leighton and K. Masuda and T. Takashima},
7160     TITLE = {{Estimation of SW flux absorbed at the surface from
7161     TOA reflected flux}},
7162     JOURNAL = jc,
7163     YEAR = {1993b},
7164     VOLUME = {6},
7165     OPTNUMBER = {},
7166     PAGES = {317-330},
7167     OPTMONTH = {},
7168     OPTNOTE = {}
7169     }
7170    
7171     @ARTICLE{Li:etal1993a,
7172     AUTHOR = {Z. Li and H. G. Leighton and R. D. Cess},
7173     TITLE = {{Surface net solar radiation estimated from satellite
7174     measurements: Comparison with tower observations}},
7175     JOURNAL = jc,
7176     YEAR = {1993a},
7177     VOLUME = {6},
7178     OPTNUMBER = {},
7179     PAGES = {1764-1772},
7180     OPTMONTH = {},
7181     OPTNOTE = {}
7182     }
7183    
7184     @ARTICLE{Li1995,
7185     AUTHOR = {Z. Li},
7186     TITLE = {{Quality analysis of the global solar SRB data:
7187     Intercomparisons between two satellite-based products}},
7188     JOURNAL = jgr,
7189     YEAR = {1995},
7190     VOLUME = {100},
7191     OPTNUMBER = {},
7192     PAGES = {3221-3232},
7193     OPTMONTH = {},
7194     OPTNOTE = {}
7195     }
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7199     TITLE = {{Dynamic response of the Indian Ocean to the onset of
7200     the southwest monsoon}},
7201     JOURNAL = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A. 265},
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7203     OPTVOLUME = {},
7204     OPTNUMBER = {},
7205     PAGES = {45-92},
7206     OPTMONTH = {},
7207     OPTNOTE = {}
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7210     @ARTICLE{Lilly1968,
7211     AUTHOR = {Lilly, D. K.},
7212     TITLE = {{Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion}},
7213     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
7214     VOLUME = {94},
7215     PAGES = {292-309},
7216     YEAR = {1968}
7217     }
7218    
7219     @ARTICLE{Lilly:Schubert1980,
7220     AUTHOR = {Lilly, D. K. and W. S. Schubert},
7221     TITLE = {{The effects of radiative cooling in a cloud-topped mixed layer}},
7222     JOURNAL = jas,
7223     VOLUME = {37},
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7225     YEAR = {1980}
7226     }
7227    
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7229     AUTHOR = {Lin, X. and R. H. Johnson},
7230     TITLE = {{Heating, moistening and rainfall over the western Pacific
7231     warm pool during TOGA COARE}},
7232     JOURNAL = jas,
7233     VOLUME = {},
7234     PAGES = {},
7235     YEAR = {1996},
7236     NOTE = {Submitted}
7237     }
7238    
7239     @INBOOK{Lindzen1970,
7240     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S.},
7241     TITLE = {{Mathematical Problems in the Geophysical Sciences}},
7242     CHAPTER = {Atmospheric Tides},
7243     PUBLISHER = {American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I.},
7244     YEAR = {1970},
7245     OPTEDITOR = {},
7246     OPTPAGES = {},
7247     OPTVOLUME = {},
7248     OPTSERIES = {},
7249     OPTADDRESS = {},
7250     OPTEDITION = {},
7251     OPTMONTH = {},
7252     OPTNOTE = {}
7253     }
7254    
7255     @ARTICLE{Lindzen:Nigam1987,
7256     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S. and S. Nigam},
7257     TITLE = {{On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing
7258     low-level winds and convergence in the tropics}},
7259     JOURNAL = jas,
7260     VOLUME = {45},
7261     PAGES = {2440-2458},
7262     YEAR = {1987}
7263     }
7264    
7265     @ARTICLE{Lindzen1990,
7266     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S.},
7267     TITLE = {{Some coolness concerning global warming}},
7268     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
7269     VOLUME = {71},
7270     PAGES = {288-299},
7271     YEAR = {1990}
7272     }
7273    
7274     @ARTICLE{Lindzen1993,
7275     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S.},
7276     TITLE = {{Climate dynamics and global change}},
7277     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
7278     VOLUME = {26},
7279     PAGES = {353-278},
7280     YEAR = {1993}
7281     }
7282    
7283     @ARTICLE{Lindzen:Hou1988,
7284     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S. and A. Y. Hou},
7285     TITLE = {{Hadley circulation for zonally averaged heating centered
7286     off the Equator}},
7287     JOURNAL = jas,
7288     VOLUME = {45},
7289     PAGES = {2417-2427},
7290     YEAR = {1988}
7291     }
7292    
7293     @ARTICLE{Lindzen:Pan1994,
7294     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S. and W. Pan},
7295     TITLE = {{A note on orbital control of equator-pole heat fluxes}},
7296     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
7297     VOLUME = {10},
7298     PAGES = {49-57},
7299     YEAR = {1994}
7300     }
7301    
7302     @ARTICLE{Liu1986,
7303     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu},
7304     TITLE = {Statistical relation between monthly mean
7305     precipitable water and surface-level humidity over
7306     global oceans},
7307     JOURNAL = mwr,
7308     YEAR = 1986,
7309     VOLUME = 114,
7310     PAGES = {1591-1602}
7311     }
7312    
7313     @ARTICLE{Liu1988,
7314     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu},
7315     TITLE = {Moisture and latent heat flux variabilities in the
7316     tropical {Pacific} derived from satellite data},
7317     JOURNAL = jgr,
7318     YEAR = 1988,
7319     VOLUME = 93,
7320     PAGES = {6749-6760+ plates on 6965-6968}
7321     }
7322    
7323     @ARTICLE{Liu:Niiler1984,
7324     AUTHOR = {W.T. Liu and Peter P. Niiler},
7325     TITLE = {Determination of monthly mean humidity in the
7326     atmospheric surface layer over oceans from satellite
7327     data},
7328     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7329     YEAR = 1984,
7330     VOLUME = 14,
7331     PAGES = {1451-1457}
7332     }
7333    
7334     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1979,
7335     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu and K. B. Katsaros and J. A. Businger},
7336     TITLE = {{Bulk parameterization of air-sea exchange of heat
7337     and water vapor including molecular constraints at
7338     the interface}},
7339     JOURNAL = jas,
7340     YEAR = {1979},
7341     VOLUME = {36},
7342     PAGES = {1722-1735}
7343     }
7344    
7345     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1991,
7346     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu and W. Tang and P.P. Niiler},
7347     TITLE = {Humidity profiles over the ocean},
7348     JOURNAL = jc,
7349     YEAR = 1991,
7350     VOLUME = 4,
7351     PAGES = {1023-1034}
7352     }
7353    
7354     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1994,
7355     AUTHOR = {Z. Liu and S. G. H. Philander and R. C. Pacanowski},
7356     TITLE = {{A GCM study of tropical-subtropical upper-ocean water exchange}},
7357     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7358     YEAR = 1994,
7359     VOLUME = 24,
7360     PAGES = {2606-2623}
7361     }
7362    
7363     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1999,
7364     AUTHOR = {Z. Liu and R. Jacob and J. Kutzbach and S. Harrison and J.
7365     Anderson},
7366     TITLE = {{Monsoon impact on El Ni\~no in the Early Holocene}},
7367     JOURNAL = {PAGES Newsletter},
7368     YEAR = 1999,
7369     VOLUME = 7,
7370     PAGES = {16-17}
7371     }
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7373     @ARTICLE{Longuet-Higgins1968,
7374     AUTHOR = {M. S. Longuet-Higgins},
7375     TITLE = {The eigenfunctions of Laplace's tidal equations on a sphere},
7376     JOURNAL = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London},
7377     YEAR = {1968},
7378     VOLUME = {A262},
7379     PAGES = {511-607}
7380     }
7381    
7382     @ARTICLE{Lorenz1971,
7383     AUTHOR = {E. Lorenz},
7384     TITLE = {A N-cycle time-differencing scheme for stepwise
7385     numerical integration},
7386     JOURNAL = mwr,
7387     YEAR = 1971,
7388     VOLUME = 99,
7389     PAGES = {644-648}
7390     }
7391    
7392     @BOOK{lo67,
7393     AUTHOR = {Lorenz, Edward N.},
7394     TITLE = {{Nature and Theory of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere}},
7395     YEAR = {1967},
7396     PUBLISHER = {{World Meteorological Organization, Geneva}},
7397     PAGES = {161}
7398     }
7399    
7400     @ARTICLE{Lough1986,
7401     AUTHOR = {Lough, J. M.},
7402     TITLE = {{Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature and rainfall variations in Subsaharan Africa}},
7403     JOURNAL = mwr,
7404     VOLUME = {114},
7405     PAGES = {561-570},
7406     YEAR = {1986}
7407     }
7408    
7409     @ARTICLE{Louis1979,
7410     AUTHOR = {Louis, J.-F.},
7411     TITLE = {{Parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere}},
7412     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer. Meteor.},
7413     VOLUME = {17},
7414     PAGES = {187-202},
7415     YEAR = {1979}
7416     }
7417    
7418     @ARTICLE{Lowell:etal1995,
7419     AUTHOR = {Lowell, T. V. and C. J. Heusser and B. G. Anderson and
7420     P. I. Marino and A. Hauser and L. E. Heusser and
7421     C. Schluchter D. R. Marchant and G. H. Denton },
7422     TITLE = {{Interhemispheric correlation of late Pleistocene glacial events}},
7423     JOURNAL = {Science},
7424     VOLUME = {269},
7425     PAGES = {1541-1549},
7426     YEAR = {1995}
7427     }
7428    
7429     @ARTICLE{Lu:McCreary1995,
7430     AUTHOR = {P. Lu and J. P. McCreary},
7431     TITLE = {{Influence of the ITCZ on the flow of thermocline water from
7432     the subtropical to the equatorial ocean}},
7433     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7434     VOLUME = {25},
7435     PAGES = {3076-3088},
7436     YEAR = {1995}
7437     }
7438    
7439     @ARTICLE{Lukas1988,
7440     AUTHOR = {Lukas, R.},
7441     TITLE = {{Interannual fluctuations of the Mindanao current inferred from sea level}},
7442     JOURNAL = jgr,
7443     VOLUME = {93},
7444     PAGES = {6744-6748},
7445     YEAR = {1988}
7446     }
7447    
7448     @ARTICLE{Luksch:VonStorch1992,
7449     AUTHOR = {Ute Luksch and Hans von Storch},
7450     TITLE = {{Modeling the low-frequency sea surface temperature
7451     variability in the North Pacific}},
7452     JOURNAL = jc,
7453     YEAR = {1992},
7454     VOLUME = {5},
7455     PAGES = {893-906}
7456     }
7457    
7458     @ARTICLE{Luksch1996,
7459     AUTHOR = {Ute Luksch},
7460     TITLE = {{Simulation of North Atlantic low-frequency SST variability}},
7461     JOURNAL = jc,
7462     YEAR = {1996},
7463     VOLUME = {9},
7464     PAGES = {2083-2092}
7465     }
7466    
7467     @ARTICLE{Lynch1990a,
7468     AUTHOR = {Thomas F. Lynch},
7469     TITLE = {Glacial-Age Man in {South America}? A Critical Review},
7470     JOURNAL = {American Antiquity},
7471     YEAR = 1990,
7472     VOLUME = 55,
7473     NUMBER = 1,
7474     PAGES = {12-36}
7475     }
7476    
7477     @ARTICLE{Lynch1990b,
7478     AUTHOR = {Thomas F. Lynch},
7479     TITLE = {Quaternary Climate, Environment, and the Human
7480     Occupation of the {South-Central Andes}},
7481     JOURNAL = {Geoarchaeology},
7482     YEAR = 1990,
7483     VOLUME = 5,
7484     NUMBER = 3,
7485     PAGES = {199-228}
7486     }
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7488     @ARTICLE{Ma:etal1996,
7489     AUTHOR = {Ma, C.-C. and C. R. Mechoso and A. W. Robertson and A. Arakawa},
7490     TITLE = {{Peruvian stratus clouds and the tropical Pacific
7491     circulation: A coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM study}},
7492     JOURNAL = jc,
7493     VOLUME = {9},
7494     PAGES = {1635-1645},
7495     YEAR = {1996}
7496     }
7497    
7498     @ARTICLE{Mahrt1972,
7499     AUTHOR = {Mahrt, L. J.},
7500     TITLE = {{A numerical study of the influence of advective
7501     accelerations in an idealized, low-latitude,
7502     planetary boundary layer}},
7503     JOURNAL = jas,
7504     VOLUME = {29},
7505     PAGES = {1477-1484},
7506     YEAR = {1972}
7507     }
7508    
7509     @INCOLLECTION{Malkus1962,
7510     AUTHOR = {J. S. Malkus},
7511     TITLE = {{Chap. 4}},
7512     EDITOR = {M.N. Hill},
7513     BOOKTITLE = {{The Sea: Ideas and Observations on Progress in the study of the Seas, 1: Physical Oceanography}},
7514     PAGES = {88-294},
7515     YEAR = {1962},
7516     PUBLISHER = {Wiley, Interscience, New York}
7517     }
7518    
7519     @ARTICLE{Manabe1969,
7520     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S.},
7521     TITLE = {{The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the
7522     earth's surface}},
7523     JOURNAL = mwr,
7524     VOLUME = {97},
7525     PAGES = {739-774},
7526     YEAR = {1969}
7527     }
7528    
7529     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Stouffer1988,
7530     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer},
7531     TITLE = {{Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
7532     JOURNAL = jc,
7533     VOLUME = {1},
7534     PAGES = {841-866},
7535     YEAR = {1988}
7536     }
7537    
7538     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Stouffer1993,
7539     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer},
7540     TITLE = {{Century-scale effects of increased atmospheric $CO_2$ on the
7541     ocean atmosphere system}},
7542     JOURNAL = {Nature},
7543     VOLUME = {364},
7544     PAGES = {215-218},
7545     YEAR = {1993}
7546     }
7547    
7548     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Stouffer1994,
7549     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer},
7550     TITLE = {{Multiple-century response of a coupled
7551     ocean-atmosphere model to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide}},
7552     JOURNAL = jc,
7553     VOLUME = {7},
7554     PAGES = {5-23},
7555     YEAR = {1994}
7556     }
7557    
7558     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Wetherald,
7559     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.T. Wetherald},
7560     TITLE = {{Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model}},
7561     JOURNAL = jas,
7562     YEAR = {}
7563     }
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7567     J. M. Wallace and R. C. Francis},
7568     TITLE = {{A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with
7569     impacts on salmon production}},
7570     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
7571     YEAR = {1997},
7572     VOLUME = {78},
7573     OPTNUMBER = {},
7574     PAGES = {1069-1079},
7575     OPTMONTH = {},
7576     OPTNOTE = {}
7577     }
7578    
7579     @ARTICLE{Markham:McLain1977,
7580     AUTHOR = {C.G. Markham and D.R. McLain},
7581     TITLE = {{Sea surface temperature related to rain in Ceara,
7582     North-eastern Brazil.}},
7583     JOURNAL = {Nature},
7584     YEAR = {1977},
7585     VOLUME = {265},
7586     OPTNUMBER = {},
7587     PAGES = {320-323},
7588     OPTMONTH = {},
7589     OPTNOTE = {}
7590     }
7591    
7592     @ARTICLE{Marotzke:Willebrand1991,
7593     AUTHOR = {Marotzke, J. and J. Willebrand},
7594     TITLE = {Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation},
7595     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7596     YEAR = {1991},
7597     VOLUME = {21},
7598     NUMBER = {},
7599     PAGES = {1372-1385},
7600     OPTMONTH = {},
7601     OPTNOTE = {}
7602     }
7603    
7604     @ARTICLE{Marshall1995,
7605     AUTHOR = {Marshall, D.},
7606     TITLE = {{Topographic steering of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current}},
7607     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7608     YEAR = {1995},
7609     VOLUME = {25},
7610     NUMBER = {},
7611     PAGES = {1636-1650},
7612     OPTMONTH = {},
7613     OPTNOTE = {}
7614     }
7615    
7616     @ARTICLE{Martin1985,
7617     AUTHOR = {Martin, P.J.},
7618     TITLE = {Simulation of the mixed layer at {OWS November and
7619     Papa} with several models.},
7620     JOURNAL = jgr,
7621     YEAR = {1985},
7622     VOLUME = {90},
7623     NUMBER = {C1},
7624     PAGES = {903-916},
7625     OPTMONTH = {},
7626     OPTNOTE = {}
7627     }
7628    
7629     @ARTICLE{Martin1986,
7630     AUTHOR = {Martin, P.J.},
7631     TITLE = {Testing and comparison of several mixed-layer models.},
7632     JOURNAL = {{Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity Tech Rep}},
7633     YEAR = {1986},
7634     OPTVOLUME = {},
7635     OPTNUMBER = {},
7636     PAGES = {143},
7637     OPTMONTH = {},
7638     OPTNOTE = {}
7639     }
7640    
7641     @BOOK{Martin:Thompson1983,
7642     AUTHOR = {Martin, C.W. and C.W. Thompson},
7643     TITLE = {{Adaptive grids generated by elliptic systems}},
7644     YEAR = {1983},
7645     PUBLISHER = {{AIAA Paper No. 83-0451}}
7646     }
7647    
7648     @ARTICLE{McCalpin1987,
7649     AUTHOR = {McCalpin, J.D.},
7650     TITLE = {{A note on the reflection of low frequency equatorial Rossby waves from realistic western boundaries}},
7651     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7652     VOLUME = {17},
7653     PAGES = {1944-1949},
7654     YEAR = {1987}
7655     }
7656    
7657     @ARTICLE{McCartney:etal1997,
7658     AUTHOR = {McCartney, M. S. and R. G. Curry and H. F. Bezdek},
7659     TITLE = {{North Atlantic's transformation pipeline chills and
7660     redistributes subtropical water}},
7661     JOURNAL = {Oceanus},
7662     VOLUME = {39},
7663     PAGES = {19-23},
7664     YEAR = {1997}
7665     }
7666    
7667     @ARTICLE{McCreary1981,
7668     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J.P.},
7669     TITLE = {{A linear stratified ocean model of the equatorial undercurrent}},
7670     JOURNAL = {Philosophical Transac. of the Royal Society, London},
7671     VOLUME = {A298},
7672     PAGES = {603-635},
7673     YEAR = {1981}
7674     }
7675    
7676     @ARTICLE{McCreary1983,
7677     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J. P.},
7678     TITLE = {{A model of tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction}},
7679     JOURNAL = mwr,
7680     VOLUME = {111},
7681     PAGES = {370-387},
7682     YEAR = {1983}
7683     }
7684    
7685     @ARTICLE{McCreary1985,
7686     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J. P.},
7687     TITLE = {Modeling equatorial ocean circulation.},
7688     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
7689     YEAR = {1985},
7690     VOLUME = {17},
7691     OPTNUMBER = {},
7692     PAGES = {359-409},
7693     OPTMONTH = {},
7694     OPTNOTE = {}
7695     }
7696    
7697     @ARTICLE{McCreary:Anderson1991,
7698     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J. P. and D. L. T. Anderson},
7699     TITLE = {An overview of coupled ocean-atmosphere models of {El
7700     Ni\~no} and the {Southern Oscillation}.},
7701     JOURNAL = {J. Geophy. Res.},
7702     YEAR = {1991},
7703     VOLUME = {96},
7704     OPTNUMBER = {},
7705     PAGES = {3125-3150},
7706     OPTMONTH = {},
7707     OPTNOTE = {}
7708     }
7709    
7710     @ARTICLE{McCreary:etal1984,
7711     AUTHOR = {J.P. McCreary and J. Picaut and D.W. Moore},
7712     TITLE = {{Effects of remote annual forcing in the eastern
7713     tropical Atlantic Ocean.}},
7714     JOURNAL = jmr,
7715     YEAR = {1984},
7716     VOLUME = {42},
7717     OPTNUMBER = {},
7718     PAGES = {45-81},
7719     OPTMONTH = {},
7720     OPTNOTE = {}
7721     }
7722    
7723     @ARTICLE{McDougall1987N,
7724     AUTHOR = {Trevor J. McDougall},
7725     TITLE = {Neutral Surfaces},
7726     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7727     YEAR = {1987},
7728     VOLUME = {17},
7729     OPTNUMBER = {},
7730     PAGES = {1950-1964},
7731     KEYWORDS = {neutral surfaces},
7732     OPTMONTH = {},
7733     OPTNOTE = {}
7734     }
7735    
7736     @ARTICLE{McDougall1987V,
7737     AUTHOR = {Trevor J. McDougall},
7738     TITLE = {The Vertical Motion of Submesoscale Coherent Vortices
7739     across Neutral Surfaces},
7740     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7741     YEAR = {1987},
7742     VOLUME = {17},
7743     OPTNUMBER = {},
7744     PAGES = {2334-2342},
7745     KEYWORDS = {neutral surfaces, eddies},
7746     OPTMONTH = {},
7747     OPTNOTE = {}
7748     }
7749    
7750     @ARTICLE{McFarlane:etal1992,
7751     AUTHOR = {McFarlane, N. A. and G. J. Boer and J.-P. Blanchet and M. Lazare},
7752     TITLE = {{The Canadian Climate Centre second-generation general
7753     circulation model and its equilibrium climate}},
7754     JOURNAL = jc,
7755     VOLUME = {5},
7756     PAGES = {1013-1044},
7757     YEAR = {1992}
7758     }
7759    
7760     @ARTICLE{McPhaden1980,
7761     AUTHOR = {McPhaden, M.J.},
7762     TITLE = {{Continuously stratified models of the steady--state equatorial ocean}},
7763     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7764     VOLUME = {11},
7765     PAGES = {337-354},
7766     YEAR = {1981}
7767     }
7768    
7769     @ARTICLE{Machado:Rossow1993,
7770     AUTHOR = {Machado, L. A. T. and W. B. Rossow},
7771     TITLE = {{Structural characteristics and radiative properties of
7772     tropical cloud clusters}},
7773     JOURNAL = mwr,
7774     VOLUME = {121},
7775     PAGES = {3234-3260},
7776     YEAR = {1993}
7777     }
7778    
7779     @INPROCEEDINGS{Mechoso:etal1990,
7780     AUTHOR = {Mechoso, C. R. and M. Fisher and M. Ghil and M.
7781     Halpern and M. Spahr},
7782     TITLE = {{Coupling experiments of an atmospheric and an oceanic CGM}},
7783     BOOKTITLE = {{International TOGA Scientific Conference
7784     Proceedings,
7785     Technical Document No.
7786     379, WCRP-43.}},
7787     PUBLISHER = {World Climate Research Programme, Geneva},
7788     ORGANIZATION = {World
7789     Meteorological Organization},
7790     YEAR = {1990},
7791     OPTEDITOR = {},
7792     OPTCHAPTER = {},
7793     OPTPAGES = {},
7794     OPTADDRESS = {},
7795     OPTMONTH = {},
7796     OPTNOTE = {}
7797     }
7798    
7799     @ARTICLE{Mechoso:etal1995,
7800     AUTHOR = {{Mechoso, C. R. and A. W. Robertson and 18 others}},
7801     TITLE = {{The seasonal cycle over the tropical Pacific in
7802     coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models}},
7803     JOURNAL = mwr,
7804     YEAR = {1995},
7805     VOLUME = {123},
7806     OPTNUMBER = {},
7807     PAGES = {2825-2838},
7808     OPTMONTH = {},
7809     OPTNOTE = {}
7810     }
7811    
7812     @ARTICLE{Meehl1989,
7813     AUTHOR = {G.A. Meehl},
7814     TITLE = {The coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling problem in the
7815     tropical {Pacific} and {Asian} monsoon region.},
7816     JOURNAL = jc,
7817     YEAR = {1989},
7818     VOLUME = {2},
7819     OPTNUMBER = {},
7820     PAGES = {1146-1163},
7821     OPTMONTH = {},
7822     OPTNOTE = {}
7823     }
7824    
7825     @ARTICLE{Meehl1990a,
7826     AUTHOR = {Meehl, G.A.},
7827     TITLE = {{Seasonal cycle forcing of {El Ni\~no}-{Southern
7828     Oscillation} in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM.}},
7829     JOURNAL = jc,
7830     YEAR = {1990},
7831     VOLUME = {3},
7832     OPTNUMBER = {},
7833     PAGES = {72-98},
7834     OPTMONTH = {},
7835     OPTNOTE = {}
7836     }
7837    
7838     @ARTICLE{Meehl1990b,
7839     AUTHOR = {Meehl, G.A.},
7840     TITLE = {Development of global coupled ocean-atmosphere
7841     general circulation models.},
7842     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
7843     YEAR = {1990},
7844     VOLUME = {5},
7845     OPTNUMBER = {},
7846     PAGES = {19-33},
7847     OPTMONTH = {},
7848     OPTNOTE = {}
7849     }
7850    
7851     @ARTICLE{Meehl:vanLoon1979,
7852     AUTHOR = {Meehl, G.A. and H. van Loon},
7853     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and
7854     northern Europe. Part III:Teleconnections with lower
7855     latitudes.}},
7856     JOURNAL = {Mon. Wea. Rev. },
7857     VOLUME = {107},
7858     PAGES = {1095-1106},
7859     YEAR = {1979}
7860     }
7861    
7862     @ARTICLE{Meehl:Washington1986,
7863     AUTHOR = {G.A. Meehl and W. M. Washington},
7864     TITLE = {{Tropical response to increased $CO_2$ in a GCM with a
7865     simple mixed layer ocean: Similarities to an
7866     observed Pacific warm event.}},
7867     JOURNAL = mwr,
7868     YEAR = {1986},
7869     VOLUME = {114},
7870     OPTNUMBER = {},
7871     PAGES = {667-674},
7872     OPTMONTH = {},
7873     OPTNOTE = {}
7874     }
7875    
7876     @ARTICLE{Mehta:Delworth1995,
7877     AUTHOR = {V. M. Mehta and T. Delworth},
7878     TITLE = {{Decadal variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean
7879     surface temperature in shipboard measurements and in
7880     a global ocean-atmosphere model}},
7881     JOURNAL = jc,
7882     YEAR = {1995},
7883     VOLUME = {8},
7884     OPTNUMBER = {},
7885     PAGES = {172-190},
7886     OPTMONTH = {},
7887     OPTNOTE = {}
7888     }
7889    
7890     @ARTICLE{Mehta1998,
7891     AUTHOR = {V. M. Mehta},
7892     TITLE = {{Variability of the tropical ocean surface
7893     temperatures at decadal-multidecadal timescales,
7894     Part I: Atlantic Ocean.}},
7895     JOURNAL = jc,
7896     YEAR = {1998},
7897     VOLUME = {11},
7898     OPTNUMBER = {},
7899     PAGES = {2351-2375},
7900     OPTMONTH = {},
7901     OPTNOTE = {}
7902     }
7903    
7904     @ARTICLE{Mellor:Yamada1982,
7905     AUTHOR = {Mellor, G.L. and T. Yamada},
7906     TITLE = {Development of turbulence closure model for
7907     geophysical fluid problems.},
7908     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
7909     YEAR = {1982},
7910     VOLUME = {20},
7911     NUMBER = {4},
7912     PAGES = {851-875},
7913     OPTMONTH = {},
7914     OPTNOTE = {}
7915     }
7916    
7917     @BOOK{Menke1984,
7918     AUTHOR = {Menke, W.},
7919     TITLE = {{Geophysical data analysis: Discrete inverse theory}},
7920     YEAR = {1984},
7921     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press}}
7922     }
7923    
7924     @ARTICLE{Mikolajewicz:etal1997,
7925     AUTHOR = {Mikolajewicz, U. and T. J. Crowley and A. Schiller and R. Voss},
7926     TITLE = {{Modelling teleconnections between the North Atlantic and
7927     North Pacific during the Younger Dryas}},
7928     JOURNAL = {Nature},
7929     VOLUME = {387},
7930     PAGES = {384-387},
7931     YEAR = {1997}
7932     }
7933    
7934     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:etal1998,
7935     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and D. R. Cayan and W. B. White},
7936     TITLE = {{A westward-intensified decadal change in the North Pacific
7937     thermocline and gyre-scale circulation}},
7938     JOURNAL = jc,
7939     VOLUME = {11},
7940     PAGES = {3112-3127},
7941     YEAR = {1998}
7942     }
7943    
7944     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:etal1992,
7945     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and J. F. Oberhuber and N. E. Graham and T.
7946     P. Barnett},
7947     TITLE = {{Tropical Pacific ocean response to observed winds in a
7948     layered general circulation model}},
7949     JOURNAL = jgr,
7950     VOLUME = {97},
7951     PAGES = {7317-7340},
7952     YEAR = {1992}
7953     }
7954    
7955     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:etal1994,
7956     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and D. R. Cayan and T. P. Barnett and N. E. Graham and J. M. Oberhuber},
7957     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: Model
7958     response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies}},
7959     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
7960     VOLUME = {9},
7961     PAGES = {287-302},
7962     YEAR = {1994}
7963     }
7964    
7965     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:Schneider2001,
7966     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and N. Schneider},
7967     TITLE = {{Interdecadal climate regime dynamics in the North Pacific
7968     Ocean: Theories, observations and ecosystem impacts}},
7969     JOURNAL = {Prog. Oceanogr.},
7970     VOLUME = {},
7971     PAGES = {},
7972     NOTE = {submitted},
7973     YEAR = {2001}
7974     }
7975    
7976     @ARTICLE{MJMiller:etal1992,
7977     AUTHOR = {Miller, M. J. and A. C. M. Beljaars and T. N. Palmer},
7978     TITLE = {{The sensitivity of the ECMWF model to the parameterization
7979     of evaporation from the tropical oceans}},
7980     JOURNAL = jc,
7981     VOLUME = {5},
7982     PAGES = {418-434},
7983     YEAR = {1992}
7984     }
7985    
7986     @ARTICLE{Miller1997,
7987     AUTHOR = {{Miller, R. L.}},
7988     TITLE = {{Tropical thermostats and low cloud cover}},
7989     JOURNAL = jc,
7990     VOLUME = {10},
7991     PAGES = {409-440},
7992     NOTE = {},
7993     YEAR = {1997}
7994     }
7995    
7996     @ARTICLE{Miller1990,
7997     AUTHOR = {{Miller, R.N.}},
7998     TITLE = {{Tropical Data Assimilation Experiments With Simulated Data:
7999     The Impact of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere
8000     Thermal Array for the Ocean}},
8001     JOURNAL = jgr,
8002     VOLUME = {95},
8003     PAGES = {11,461-11,482},
8004     YEAR = {1990}
8005     }
8006    
8007     @ARTICLE{Miller:Cane1989,
8008     AUTHOR = {Miller, R.N. and Mark A. Cane},
8009     TITLE = {{A Kalman filter analysis of sea level heights in the Tropical Pacific}},
8010     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8011     VOLUME = {19},
8012     PAGES = {773-790},
8013     YEAR = {1989}
8014     }
8015    
8016     @ARTICLE{Mitchell:etal1995,
8017     AUTHOR = {J. F. B. Mitchell and R. A. Davis and W. J. Ingram and
8018     C. A. Senior},
8019     TITLE = {{On surface temperature, greenhouse gases, and aerosols:
8020     Models and observations}},
8021     JOURNAL = jc,
8022     VOLUME = {8},
8023     PAGES = {2364-2386},
8024     YEAR = {1995}
8025     }
8026    
8027     @ARTICLE{Molinari:etal1996,
8028     AUTHOR = {R. L. Molinari and D. Mayer and J. Festa and H. Bezdek},
8029     TITLE = {{Multi-year variability in the near surface temperature
8030     structure of the midlatitude western North Atlantic Ocean}},
8031     JOURNAL = jgr,
8032     VOLUME = {102},
8033     PAGES = {3267-3278},
8034     YEAR = {1996}
8035     }
8036    
8037     @ARTICLE{Mooley:Paolino1988,
8038     AUTHOR = {Mooley, D. A. and D. A. Paolino},
8039     TITLE = {{A predictive signal in the surface level thermal
8040     field over India}},
8041     JOURNAL = mwr,
8042     YEAR = {1988},
8043     VOLUME = {116},
8044     OPTNUMBER = {},
8045     PAGES = {256-264},
8046     OPTMONTH = {},
8047     OPTNOTE = {}
8048     }
8049    
8050     @BOOK{Moore1968,
8051     AUTHOR = {Moore, D.W.},
8052     TITLE = {{Planetary-gravity waves in an equatorial ocean}},
8053     YEAR = {1968},
8054     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University}}
8055     }
8056    
8057     @INBOOK{Moore:Philander1976,
8058     AUTHOR = {Moore, D.W. and S.G.H. Philander},
8059     TITLE = {The Sea},
8060     CHAPTER = {Modeling of the tropical oceanic circulation},
8061     PUBLISHER = {Interscience, New York},
8062     YEAR = {1976},
8063     OPTEDITOR = {},
8064     OPTPAGES = {},
8065     VOLUME = {6},
8066     OPTSERIES = {},
8067     OPTADDRESS = {},
8068     OPTEDITION = {},
8069     OPTMONTH = {},
8070     OPTNOTE = {}
8071     }
8072    
8073     @ARTICLE{Moorthi:etal1995,
8074     AUTHOR = {Moorthi, S. and R. W. Higgins and J. R. Bates},
8075     TITLE = {{A global multilevel atmospheric model using a vector
8076     semi-Lagrangian finite-difference scheme. Part II:
8077     Version with physics}},
8078     JOURNAL = mwr,
8079     VOLUME = {123},
8080     PAGES = {1523-1541},
8081     YEAR = {1995}
8082     }
8083    
8084     @ARTICLE{Morcrette1990,
8085     AUTHOR = {Morcrette, J.-J.},
8086     TITLE = {{Impact of changes to the radiation transfer
8087     parameterizations plus cloud optical properties in
8088     the ECMWF model}},
8089     JOURNAL = mwr,
8090     VOLUME = {118},
8091     PAGES = {847-873},
8092     YEAR = {1990}
8093     }
8094    
8095     @ARTICLE{Moses:etal1987,
8096     AUTHOR = {Moses, T. and G.N. Kiladis And H.F. Diaz and R.G. Barry},
8097     TITLE = {{Characteristics and frequency of reversals in mean sea level pressure in the North Atlantic sector and their relationship to long-term temperature trends}},
8098     JOURNAL = {J. Climatology},
8099     VOLUME = {7},
8100     PAGES = {13-30},
8101     YEAR = {1987}
8102     }
8103    
8104     @ARTICLE{Moura1976,
8105     AUTHOR = {Moura, A.},
8106     TITLE = {{The eigensolution of linearized balance equations on
8107     a sphere}},
8108     JOURNAL = jas,
8109     YEAR = {1976},
8110     VOLUME = {33},
8111     OPTNUMBER = {},
8112     PAGES = {877-907},
8113     OPTMONTH = {},
8114     OPTNOTE = {}
8115     }
8116    
8117     @ARTICLE{Moura:Shukla1981,
8118     AUTHOR = {Moura, A. D. and J. Shukla},
8119     TITLE = {{On the dynamics of droughts in northeast Brazil: observations, theory, and numerical experiments with a general circulation model}},
8120     JOURNAL = jas,
8121     VOLUME = {38},
8122     PAGES = {2653-2675},
8123     YEAR = {1981}
8124     }
8125    
8126     @TECHREPORT{Moura:etal1992,
8127     AUTHOR = {{Moura, A. D. and 13 other authors}},
8128     TITLE = {{International Research Institute for Climate
8129     Prediction: A Proposal}},
8130     INSTITUTION = {{NOAA Office of Global Programs, Silver Spring, MD, 51pp}},
8131     YEAR = {1992},
8132     NUMBER = {},
8133     PAGES = {51},
8134     OPTMONTH = {},
8135     OPTNOTE = {}
8136     }
8137    
8138     @ARTICLE{Muller:Frankignoul1981,
8139     AUTHOR = {M{\"u}ller, P. and C. Frankignoul},
8140     TITLE = {{Direct atmospheric forcing of geostrophic eddies}},
8141     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8142     VOLUME = {11},
8143     PAGES = {287-308},
8144     YEAR = {1981}
8145     }
8146    
8147     @ARTICLE{Munk:Anderson1948,
8148     AUTHOR = {Munk, W.H. and J. A. Anderson},
8149     TITLE = {Notes on a theory of the thermocline},
8150     JOURNAL = jmr,
8151     YEAR = {1948},
8152     VOLUME = {7},
8153     OPTNUMBER = {},
8154     PAGES = {276-295},
8155     OPTMONTH = {},
8156     OPTNOTE = {}
8157     }
8158    
8159     @ARTICLE{Munnich:etal1991,
8160     AUTHOR = {M{\"u}nnich, M. and M. A. Cane and S. E. Zebiak},
8161     TITLE = {{A study of self-excited oscillations of the
8162     tropical ocean atmosphere system. Part II: Nonlinear cases}.},
8163     JOURNAL = jas,
8164     YEAR = {1991},
8165     VOLUME = {48},
8166     PAGES = {1238-1248},
8167     OPTNUMBER = {},
8168     OPTPAGES = {},
8169     OPTMONTH = {},
8170     OPTNOTE = {}
8171     }
8172    
8173     @ARTICLE{Murray:Arief1988,
8174     AUTHOR = {Murray, S.P. and D. Arief},
8175     TITLE = {{Throughflow into the Indian Ocean through the Lombok strait, January 1985 - January 1986}},
8176     JOURNAL = {Nature},
8177     VOLUME = {333},
8178     PAGES = {444-447},
8179     YEAR = {1988}
8180     }
8181    
8182     @ARTICLE{Murtugudde:etal1995a,
8183     AUTHOR = {Murtugudde, R. and M. A. Cane and V. Prasad},
8184     TITLE = {{A reduced gravity, primitive equation, isopycnal ocean
8185     GCM. Part I: Formulation}.},
8186     JOURNAL = mwr,
8187     YEAR = {1995},
8188     VOLUME = {123},
8189     PAGES = {2864-2887},
8190     OPTNUMBER = {},
8191     OPTPAGES = {},
8192     OPTMONTH = {},
8193     OPTNOTE = {}
8194     }
8195    
8196     @ARTICLE{Murtugudde:etal1996,
8197     AUTHOR = {Murtugudde, R. and R. Seager and A. J. Busalacchi},
8198     TITLE = {{Simulation of the tropical oceans with an ocean GCM
8199     coupled to an atmospheric mixed layer model}.},
8200     JOURNAL = jc,
8201     YEAR = {1996},
8202     VOLUME = {9},
8203     PAGES = {1795-1815},
8204     OPTNUMBER = {},
8205     OPTPAGES = {},
8206     OPTMONTH = {},
8207     OPTNOTE = {}
8208     }
8209    
8210     @ARTICLE{Naik:Visbeck1997,
8211     AUTHOR = {N. Naik and M. Visbeck},
8212     TITLE = {{Lamont Ocean-AML Model (LOAM) documentation}},
8213     VOLUME = {},
8214     YEAR = 1997,
8215     JOURNAL = {in preparation}
8216     }
8217    
8218     @ARTICLE{Nakamura:etal1997,
8219     AUTHOR = {Nakamura, H. and G. Lin and T. Yamagata},
8220     TITLE = {{Decadal climate variability in the North Pacific during the
8221     recent decades}},
8222     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
8223     VOLUME = {78},
8224     PAGES = {2215-2225},
8225     YEAR = {1997}
8226     }
8227    
8228     @ARTICLE{Namias1972,
8229     AUTHOR = {Namias, J.},
8230     TITLE = {{Experiments in objectively predicting some atmospheric and
8231     oceanic variables for the winter of 1971-1972}},
8232     JOURNAL = {J. Appl. Meteor.},
8233     VOLUME = {11},
8234     PAGES = {1164-1174},
8235     YEAR = {1972}
8236     }
8237    
8238     @ARTICLE{Namias1980,
8239     AUTHOR = {Namias, J.},
8240     TITLE = {{Causes of some extreme Northern Hemisphere climatic anomalies from summer 1978 through the subsequent winter}},
8241     JOURNAL = mwr,
8242     VOLUME = {108},
8243     PAGES = {1334-1346},
8244     YEAR = {1980}
8245     }
8246    
8247     @ARTICLE{Namias:Cayan1981,
8248     AUTHOR = {Namias, J. and D.R. Cayan},
8249     TITLE = {{Large-scale air-sea interactions and short-period climatic fluctuations}},
8250     JOURNAL = {Science},
8251     VOLUME = {214},
8252     PAGES = {869-876},
8253     YEAR = {1981}
8254     }
8255    
8256     @ARTICLE{Neelin1988,
8257     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8258     TITLE = {{A simple model for surface stress and low-level flow in the tropical atmosphere driven by prescribed heating}},
8259     JOURNAL = {Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.},
8260     VOLUME = {46},
8261     PAGES = {747-770},
8262     YEAR = {1988}
8263     }
8264    
8265     @ARTICLE{Neelin1989a,
8266     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8267     TITLE = {{On the interpretation of the Gill model}},
8268     JOURNAL = jas,
8269     VOLUME = {46},
8270     PAGES = {2466-2468},
8271     YEAR = {1989}
8272     }
8273    
8274     @ARTICLE{Neelin1989b,
8275     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8276     TITLE = {Interannual oscillations in an ocean general
8277     circulation model coupled to a simple atmosphere model.},
8278     JOURNAL = {Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond},
8279     YEAR = {1989},
8280     VOLUME = {329A},
8281     OPTNUMBER = {},
8282     PAGES = {189-205},
8283     OPTMONTH = {},
8284     OPTNOTE = {}
8285     }
8286    
8287     @ARTICLE{Neelin1990,
8288     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8289     TITLE = {A hybrid coupled general circulation model for {El
8290     Ni\~no} studies.},
8291     JOURNAL = jas,
8292     YEAR = {1990},
8293     VOLUME = {47},
8294     OPTNUMBER = {},
8295     PAGES = {674-693},
8296     OPTMONTH = {},
8297     OPTNOTE = {}
8298     }
8299    
8300     @ARTICLE{Neelin1991,
8301     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8302     TITLE = {The slow sea surface temperature mode and the
8303     fast-wave limit: {Analytic} theory for tropical
8304     interannual oscillations and experiments in a hybrid
8305     coupled model.},
8306     JOURNAL = jas,
8307     YEAR = {1991},
8308     VOLUME = {48},
8309     OPTNUMBER = {},
8310     PAGES = {584-606},
8311     OPTMONTH = {},
8312     OPTNOTE = {}
8313     }
8314    
8315     @ARTICLE{Neelin:etal1987,
8316     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and I. M. Held and K. H. Cook},
8317     TITLE = {Evaporation-wind feedback and low-frequency
8318     variability in the tropical atmosphere},
8319     JOURNAL = jas,
8320     YEAR = {1987},
8321     VOLUME = {44},
8322     OPTNUMBER = {},
8323     PAGES = {2341-2348},
8324     OPTMONTH = {},
8325     OPTNOTE = {}
8326     }
8327    
8328     @UNPUBLISHED{Neelin:etal1992,
8329     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and M. Latif and M.A.F. Allaart and M.A.
8330     Cane and U.Cubasch and W.L. Gates and P.R. Gent and
8331     M. Ghil and C. Gordon and N.C. Lau and G.A. Meehl and
8332     C.R. Mechoso and J.M. Oberhuber and S.G.H. Philander
8333     and P.S. Schopf and K.R. Sperber and A. Sterl and T.
8334     Tokioka and J. Tribbia and S.E. Zebiak},
8335     TITLE = {Tropical air-sea interaction in general circulation models.},
8336     JOURNAL = {Climate Dyn.},
8337     YEAR = {1992},
8338     VOLUME = {7},
8339     PAGES = {73-104},
8340     OPTMONTH = {},
8341     OPTNOTE = {}
8342     }
8343    
8344     @ARTICLE{Neelin:Yu1993,
8345     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and J-Y Yu},
8346     TITLE = {{Modes of tropical variability under convective
8347     adjustment and the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Part
8348     I: Analytical Theory}},
8349     JOURNAL = jas,
8350     YEAR = {1993},
8351     VOLUME = {},
8352     OPTNUMBER = {},
8353     PAGES = {in press},
8354     OPTMONTH = {},
8355     OPTNOTE = {}
8356     }
8357    
8358     @ARTICLE{Neelin:Weng1999,
8359     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and W. Weng},
8360     TITLE = {{Analytical prototypes for ocean-atmosphere
8361     interaction at midlatitudes. Part I: Coupled
8362     feedbacks as a sea surface temperature dependent
8363     stochastic process}},
8364     JOURNAL = jc,
8365     YEAR = {1999},
8366     VOLUME = {12},
8367     OPTNUMBER = {},
8368     PAGES = {697-721},
8369     OPTMONTH = {},
8370     OPTNOTE = {}
8371     }
8372    
8373     @ARTICLE{Nelkin:Cane1989,
8374     AUTHOR = {Nelkin, H. and Mark A. Cane},
8375     TITLE = {{An isentropic model for the thermohaline circulation}},
8376     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8377     YEAR = {1989}
8378     }
8379    
8380     @ARTICLE{Neumann1969,
8381     AUTHOR = {Neumann, G.},
8382     TITLE = {{Seasonal salinity variations in the upper strata of the western tropical Atlantic ocean-I. Sea surface salinities}},
8383     JOURNAL = {Deep-Sea Res.},
8384     VOLUME = {16Suppl},
8385     PAGES = {165-177},
8386     YEAR = {1969}
8387     }
8388    
8389     @INCOLLECTION{Neumann1972,
8390     AUTHOR = {Neumann, G.},
8391     TITLE = {{Precipitation, evaporation and monthly salinity variations in the inner Gulf of Guinea near the equator.}},
8392     EDITOR = {A.L. Gordon},
8393     BOOKTITLE = {Studies in Physical Oceanography},
8394     PAGES = {1, 19-48},
8395     YEAR = {1972},
8396     PUBLISHER = {Gordon and Breach Science, New York, NY}
8397     }
8398    
8399     @BOOK{Newell:etal1974,
8400     AUTHOR = {Newell, R. E. and J. W. Kidson and D. G. Vincent and
8401     G. J. Boer and J. R. Holton and J. M. Wallace and
8402     T. G. Dopplick and A. C. Kyle},
8403     TITLE = {{The general circulation of the tropical atmosphere and
8404     interactions with extratropical latitudes}},
8405     PAGES = {371},
8406     FICHE = {},
8407     YEAR = {1974},
8408     PUBLISHER = {{MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 371pp}}
8409     }
8410    
8411     @ARTICLE{Nials:etal1979,
8412     AUTHOR = {Fred L. Nials and Eric E. Deeds and Michael E.
8413     Moseley and Shelia G. Pozorski and Thomas G. Pozorski
8414     and Robert Feldman},
8415     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no}: THe Catastrophic Flooding of Coastal Peru},
8416     JOURNAL = {Field Museaum of Natural History bulletin},
8417     YEAR = 1979,
8418     VOLUME = 50,
8419     NUMBER = 7,
8420     PAGES = {4-14},
8421     KEYWORDS = {El Ni\~ no, ancient, climate}
8422     }
8423    
8424     @ARTICLE{Nicholls:LeMone1980,
8425     AUTHOR = {{Nicholls, S. and M. A. LeMone}},
8426     TITLE = {{The fair weather boundary layer in GATE: The relationship
8427     of subcloud fluxes and structure to the distribution
8428     and enhancement of cumulus clouds}},
8429     JOURNAL = jas,
8430     VOLUME = {37},
8431     PAGES = {2051-2067},
8432     YEAR = {1980}
8433     }
8434    
8435     @ARTICLE{Nigam:etal1986,
8436     AUTHOR = {{Nigam. S. and I. M. Held and S. W. Lyons}},
8437     TITLE = {{Linear simulation of the stationary eddies in a general
8438     circulation model. Part I: The no-mountain model}},
8439     JOURNAL = jas,
8440     VOLUME = {43},
8441     PAGES = {2944-2961},
8442     YEAR = {1986}
8443     }
8444    
8445     @ARTICLE{Nigam:etal1988,
8446     AUTHOR = {{Nigam. S. and I. M. Held and S. W. Lyons}},
8447     TITLE = {{Linear simulation of the stationary eddies in a general
8448     circulation model. Part II: The mountain model}},
8449     JOURNAL = jas,
8450     VOLUME = {45},
8451     PAGES = {1433-1452},
8452     YEAR = {1988}
8453     }
8454    
8455     @INCOLLECTION{Niiler:Kraus1977,
8456     AUTHOR = {Niiler, P.P. and E.B. Kraus},
8457     TITLE = {One-dimensional models of the upper ocean.},
8458     BOOKTITLE = {Modelling and prediction of the upper layers of the ocean.},
8459     PUBLISHER = {Pergammon Press},
8460     YEAR = {1977},
8461     EDITOR = {E.B. Kraus},
8462     OPTVOLUME = {},
8463     PAGES = {143-172},
8464     OPTADDRESS = {},
8465     OPTEDITION = {},
8466     OPTMONTH = {},
8467     OPTNOTE = {}
8468     }
8469    
8470     @ARTICLE{Nobre:Shukla1996,
8471     AUTHOR = {C. Nobre and J. Shukla},
8472     TITLE = {{Variations of sea surface temperature, wind stress, and
8473     rainfall over the tropical Atlantic and South America}},
8474     JOURNAL = jc,
8475     VOLUME = {9},
8476     OPTNOTE = {},
8477     PAGES = {2464-2479},
8478     YEAR = {1996}
8479     }
8480    
8481     @ARTICLE{Norris1998a,
8482     AUTHOR = {J. R. Norris},
8483     TITLE = {{Low cloud structure over the ocean from surface
8484     observations, Part I: Relationship to advection and
8485     the vertical distribution of temperature and moisture}},
8486     JOURNAL = jc,
8487     VOLUME = {11},
8488     OPTNOTE = {},
8489     PAGES = {369-382},
8490     YEAR = {1998}
8491     }
8492    
8493     @ARTICLE{Norris1998b,
8494     AUTHOR = {J. R. Norris},
8495     TITLE = {{Low cloud structure over the ocean from surface
8496     observations, Part II: geographical and seasonal variations}},
8497     JOURNAL = jc,
8498     VOLUME = {11},
8499     OPTNOTE = {},
8500     PAGES = {383-403},
8501     YEAR = {1998}
8502     }
8503    
8504     @ARTICLE{Norris:etal1998,
8505     AUTHOR = {J. R. Norris and Y. Zhang and J. M. Wallace},
8506     TITLE = {{Role of low clouds in summertime atmosphere-ocean
8507     interactions over the North Pacific}},
8508     JOURNAL = jc,
8509     VOLUME = {11},
8510     OPTNOTE = {},
8511     PAGES = {2482-2490},
8512     YEAR = {1998}
8513     }
8514    
8515     @INCOLLECTION{Oberhuber1986,
8516     AUTHOR = {Oberhuber, J.M.},
8517     TITLE = {{About some numerical methods used in an ocean general circulation model with isopycnic coordinates.}},
8518     EDITOR = {James J. O'Brien},
8519     BOOKTITLE = {{Advanced Physical Oceanographic Numerical Modeling}},
8520     PAGES = {511-522},
8521     YEAR = {1986},
8522     PUBLISHER = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}
8523     }
8524    
8525     @TECHREPORT{Oberhuber1988,
8526     AUTHOR = {Oberhuber, J. M.},
8527     TITLE = {{An atlas based on the COADS dataset: The budgets of
8528     heat, buoyancy and turbulent kinetic energy at the
8529     surface of the global ocean}},
8530     INSTITUTION = {{Max Planck Institut f\"{u}r Meteorologie, Hamburg,
8531     Germany, 199pp.}},
8532     YEAR = {1988},
8533     NUMBER = {15},
8534     PAGES = {},
8535     OPTMONTH = {},
8536     OPTNOTE = {}
8537     }
8538    
8539     @ARTICLE{Oberhuber1993,
8540     AUTHOR = {J.M. Oberhuber},
8541     TITLE = {{Simulation of the Atlantic circulation with a coupled sea
8542     ice mixed layer isopycnal general ciculation
8543     model. I: Model description.}},
8544     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8545     VOLUME = {23},
8546     PAGES = {808-829},
8547     YEAR = {1993}
8548     }
8549    
8550     @ARTICLE{Olbers:etal1985,
8551     AUTHOR = {Olbers, D.J. and M. Wenzel and J. Willebrand},
8552     TITLE = {{The inference of North Atlantic circulation patterns from climatological hydrographic data}},
8553     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys.},
8554     VOLUME = {23},
8555     PAGES = {313-356},
8556     YEAR = {1985}
8557     }
8558    
8559     @BOOK{Oort1983,
8560     AUTHOR = {Oort, A.H.},
8561     TITLE = {{Global atmospheric circulation statistics, 1958-1973}},
8562     PAGES = {180},
8563     FICHE = {47},
8564     YEAR = {1983},
8565     PUBLISHER = {{NOAA 14}}
8566     }
8567    
8568     @INPROCEEDINGS{Oort1993,
8569     AUTHOR = {Oort, A. H.},
8570     TITLE = {{Observed humidity trends in the atmosphere}},
8571     BOOKTITLE = {Seventeenth Annual Climate
8572     Diagnostics Workshop},
8573     YEAR = 1993,
8574     EDITOR = {},
8575     PAGES = {24-30},
8576     PUBLISHER = {National Ocenic and Atmsopheric Administration}
8577     }
8578    
8579     @ARTICLE{OttoBliesner1999,
8580     AUTHOR = {B.L. Otto-Bliesner},
8581     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no/La Ni\~na and Sahel precipitation
8582     during the middle Holocene}},
8583     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letts.},
8584     VOLUME = {26},
8585     PAGES = {87-90},
8586     YEAR = {1999}
8587     }
8588    
8589     @ARTICLE{Overland:etal1983,
8590     AUTHOR = {J. E. Overland and R. M. Reynolds and C. H. Pease},
8591     TITLE = {A model of the atmospheric boundary layer over the
8592     marginal ice zone},
8593     JOURNAL = jgr,
8594     YEAR = {1983},
8595     VOLUME = {88},
8596     OPTNUMBER = {},
8597     PAGES = {2836-2840},
8598     OPTMONTH = {},
8599     OPTNOTE = {}
8600     }
8601    
8602     @ARTICLE{Overland:Guest1991,
8603     AUTHOR = {J. E. Overland and P. S. Guest},
8604     TITLE = {{The Arctic snow and air temperature budget over sea
8605     ice during winter}},
8606     JOURNAL = jgr,
8607     YEAR = {1991},
8608     VOLUME = {96},
8609     OPTNUMBER = {},
8610     PAGES = {4651-4662},
8611     OPTMONTH = {},
8612     OPTNOTE = {}
8613     }
8614    
8615     @ARTICLE{Pacanowski:Philander1981,
8616     AUTHOR = {Pacanowski, R.C. and S.G.H. Philander},
8617     TITLE = {Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical
8618     models of tropical oceans},
8619     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Ocean.},
8620     YEAR = {1981},
8621     VOLUME = {11},
8622     OPTNUMBER = {},
8623     PAGES = {1443-1451},
8624     OPTMONTH = {},
8625     OPTNOTE = {}
8626     }
8627    
8628     @ARTICLE{Palmer1986,
8629     AUTHOR = {Palmer, T. N.},
8630     TITLE = {{Influence of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans on Sahel rainfall}},
8631     JOURNAL = {Nature},
8632     VOLUME = {322},
8633     PAGES = {251-253},
8634     YEAR = {1986}
8635     }
8636    
8637     @ARTICLE{Palmer1995,
8638     AUTHOR = {Palmer, T. N.},
8639     TITLE = {{The influence of north-west Atlantic sea surface
8640     temperature: An unplanned experiment}},
8641     JOURNAL = {Weather},
8642     VOLUME = {50},
8643     PAGES = {413-419},
8644     YEAR = {1995}
8645     }
8646    
8647     @ARTICLE{Palmer:Sun1985,
8648     AUTHOR = {Palmer, T.N. and Z. Sun},
8649     TITLE = {{A modeling and observational study of the relationship between sea surface temperatures in the north west Atlantic and the atmospheric general circulation}},
8650     JOURNAL = {Q. J. R. Met. Soc.},
8651     VOLUME = {111},
8652     PAGES = {947-975},
8653     YEAR = {1985}
8654     }
8655    
8656     @ARTICLE{Palmer:etal1992,
8657     AUTHOR = {{Palmer, T. N., \v{C}. Brankovi\'{c}, P. Viterbo and M.
8658     J. Miller}},
8659     TITLE = {{Modeling interannual variations of summer monsoons}},
8660     JOURNAL = jc,
8661     VOLUME = {5},
8662     PAGES = {399-417},
8663     YEAR = {1992}
8664     }
8665    
8666     @ARTICLE{Pan:Oort1983,
8667     AUTHOR = {Pan, Y. H. and Oort, A. H.},
8668     TITLE = {Global climate variations connected with sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial {P}acific {O}cean for the 1958-73 period},
8669     JOURNAL = mwr,
8670     VOLUME = {111},
8671     PAGES = {1244--1258},
8672     YEAR = {1983},
8673     NOTE = {}
8674     }
8675    
8676     @ARTICLE{Parsons1969,
8677     AUTHOR = {Parsons, A. T.},
8678     TITLE = {{A two-layer model of Gulf Stream separation}},
8679     JOURNAL = {J. Fluid Mech.},
8680     VOLUME = {39},
8681     PAGES = {511-528},
8682     YEAR = {1969}
8683     }
8684    
8685     @ARTICLE{Payne1984,
8686     AUTHOR = {Payne, R.E.},
8687     TITLE = {{Surface wind observations in SEQUAL I}},
8688     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
8689     VOLUME = {11},
8690     PAGES = {719-721},
8691     YEAR = {1984}
8692     }
8693    
8694     @ARTICLE{Pazan:etal1986,
8695     AUTHOR = {Pazan, S.E. and W.B. White And M. Inoue and J.J. O'Brien},
8696     TITLE = {{Off equatorial influence upon Pacific equatorial dynamic height variability during the 1982-1983 - El Ni\~no/Southern oscillation event}},
8697     JOURNAL = jgr,
8698     VOLUME = {91},
8699     PAGES = {8437-8449},
8700     YEAR = {1986}
8701     }
8702    
8703     @ARTICLE{Peng:etal1995,
8704     AUTHOR = {Peng, S. and L. A. Mysak and H. Ritchie and J. Derome and
8705     B. Dugas},
8706     TITLE = {{The difference between early and middle winter atmospheric
8707     response to sea surface temperature anomalies in the
8708     northwest Atlantic}},
8709     JOURNAL = jc,
8710     VOLUME = {8},
8711     PAGES = {137-157},
8712     YEAR = {1995}
8713     }
8714    
8715     @ARTICLE{Peng:Whitaker1999,
8716     AUTHOR = {Peng, S. and J. S. Whitaker},
8717     TITLE = {{Mechanisms determining the atmospheric response to mid-latitude SST anomalies}},
8718     JOURNAL = jc,
8719     VOLUME = {12},
8720     PAGES = {1393-1408},
8721     YEAR = {1999}
8722     }
8723    
8724     @ARTICLE{Pearce:etal2000,
8725     AUTHOR = {D. W. Pierce and T. P. Barnett and M. Latif},
8726     TITLE = {{Connections between the Pacific Ocean tropics and
8727     midlatitudes on decadal timescales}},
8728     JOURNAL = jc,
8729     VOLUME = {13},
8730     PAGES = {1173-1194},
8731     YEAR = {2000}
8732     }
8733    
8734     @BOOK{Peixoto:Oort1992,
8735     AUTHOR = {Peixoto, J. P. and A. H. Oort},
8736     TITLE = {{Physics of Climate}.},
8737     PUBLISHER = {American Institute of Physics},
8738     YEAR = {1992},
8739     OPTEDITOR = {},
8740     OPTVOLUME = {},
8741     OPTSERIES = {},
8742     ADDRESS = {New York, 520pp},
8743     OPTEDITION = {},
8744     OPTMONTH = {},
8745     PAGES = {520},
8746     OPTNOTE = {}
8747     }
8748    
8749     @BOOK{Philander1990,
8750     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H.},
8751     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no, La Ni\~na}, and the {Southern Oscillation}.},
8752     PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
8753     YEAR = {1990},
8754     OPTEDITOR = {},
8755     OPTVOLUME = {},
8756     OPTSERIES = {},
8757     ADDRESS = {San Diego},
8758     OPTEDITION = {},
8759     OPTMONTH = {},
8760     PAGES = {293},
8761     OPTNOTE = {}
8762     }
8763    
8764     @ARTICLE{Peters:etal1988,
8765     AUTHOR = {Peters, H. and M.C. Gregg and J.M. Toole},
8766     TITLE = {On the parameterization of equatorial turbulence},
8767     JOURNAL = jgr,
8768     YEAR = {1988},
8769     VOLUME = {93},
8770     OPTNUMBER = {},
8771     PAGES = {1199-1218},
8772     OPTMONTH = {},
8773     OPTNOTE = {}
8774     }
8775    
8776     @ARTICLE{Philander1986,
8777     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H.},
8778     TITLE = {{Unusual conditions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1984}},
8779     JOURNAL = {Nature},
8780     VOLUME = {322},
8781     PAGES = {236-238},
8782     YEAR = {1986}
8783     }
8784    
8785     @BOOK{Peixoto:Oort1993,
8786     AUTHOR = {J. P. Peixoto and A. H. Oort},
8787     TITLE = {Physics of climate},
8788     PUBLISHER = {{American Institue of Physics}},
8789     YEAR = {1993},
8790     OPTEDITOR = {},
8791     OPTVOLUME = {},
8792     OPTSERIES = {},
8793     ADDRESS = {New York},
8794     OPTEDITION = {},
8795     OPTMONTH = {},
8796     PAGES = {520},
8797     OPTNOTE = {}
8798     }
8799    
8800     @INCOLLECTION{Philander:Siegel1985,
8801     AUTHOR = {S. G. H. Philander and A. D. Siegel},
8802     TITLE = {{Simulation of the El Ni\~no of 1982-1983}},
8803     EDITOR = {J. C. J. Nihoul},
8804     BOOKTITLE = {{Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models}},
8805     PAGES = {517-541},
8806     YEAR = {1985},
8807     PUBLISHER = {Elsevier, New York}
8808     }
8809    
8810     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1984,
8811     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and T. Yamagata and R.C. Pacanowski},
8812     TITLE = {Unstable air-sea interactions in the tropics.},
8813     JOURNAL = jas,
8814     YEAR = {1984},
8815     VOLUME = {41},
8816     OPTNUMBER = {},
8817     PAGES = {604-613},
8818     OPTMONTH = {},
8819     OPTNOTE = {}
8820     }
8821    
8822     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1987,
8823     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and W.J. Hurlin and A.D. Siegel},
8824     TITLE = {Simulation of the seasonal cycle of the tropical
8825     {Pacific} ocean.},
8826     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8827     YEAR = {1987},
8828     VOLUME = {17},
8829     OPTNUMBER = {},
8830     PAGES = {1986-2002},
8831     OPTMONTH = {},
8832     OPTNOTE = {}
8833     }
8834    
8835     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1992,
8836     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and R.C. Pacanowski and N.C. Lau
8837     and M.J. Nath},
8838     TITLE = {{A simulation of ENSO with a
8839     global atmospheric GCM coupled to a
8840     high-resolution, tropical Pacific Ocean GCM}},
8841     JOURNAL = jc,
8842     YEAR = {1992},
8843     VOLUME = {5},
8844     OPTNUMBER = {},
8845     OPTPAGES = {308-329},
8846     OPTMONTH = {},
8847     OPTNOTE = {}
8848     }
8849    
8850     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1996,
8851     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and D. Gu and D. Halpern and
8852     N.C. Lau and T. Li and R.C. Pacanowski},
8853     TITLE = {{Why the ITCZ is mostly north of the equator}},
8854     JOURNAL = jc,
8855     YEAR = {1996},
8856     VOLUME = {9},
8857     OPTNUMBER = {},
8858     OPTPAGES = {},
8859     OPTMONTH = {},
8860     OPTNOTE = {}
8861     }
8862    
8863     @ARTICLE{Picaut:etal1985,
8864     AUTHOR = {Picaut, J. and J. Servain And P. Lecomte And M. Seva And S. Lukas and G. Rougier},
8865     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic Ocean wind stress and sea surface temperature 1964-1979}},
8866     JOURNAL = {Universite de Bretagne Occidentale - Hawaii},
8867     PAGES = {467},
8868     YEAR = {1985}
8869     }
8870    
8871     @ARTICLE{Pierce:etal2000,
8872     AUTHOR = {D. W. Pierce and T. P. Barnett and M. Latif},
8873     TITLE = {{Connections between the Pacific Ocean tropics and
8874     midlatitudes on decadal timescales}},
8875     JOURNAL = jc,
8876     YEAR = {2000},
8877     VOLUME = {13},
8878     NUMBER = {},
8879     PAGES = {1173-1194}
8880     }
8881    
8882     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert1995,
8883     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8884     TITLE = {Thermostats, radiator fins, and the runaway greenhouse},
8885     JOURNAL = jas,
8886     YEAR = {1995},
8887     VOLUME = {52},
8888     NUMBER = {},
8889     PAGES = {1784-1806}
8890     }
8891    
8892     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert1999a,
8893     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8894     TITLE = {{Huascaran $\delta^{18}O$ as an indicator of tropical
8895     climate during the Last Glacial Maximum}},
8896     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
8897     YEAR = {1999},
8898     VOLUME = {26},
8899     NUMBER = {},
8900     PAGES = {1345-1348}
8901     }
8902    
8903     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert1998,
8904     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8905     TITLE = {{Lateral mixing as a source of subtropical water vapor}},
8906     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
8907     YEAR = {1998},
8908     VOLUME = {25},
8909     NUMBER = {},
8910     PAGES = {151-154}
8911     }
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8925     TITLE = {{Subtropical water vapor as a mediator of rapid global climate change}},
8926     EDITOR = {{Peter U. Clark and Robert S. Webb and Lloyd D. Keigwin}},
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8930     YEAR = 1999,
8931     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysocal Union, Washington, DC}
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8947     AUTHOR = {Piola, A.R. and A.L. Gordon},
8948     TITLE = {{Pacific and Indian Ocean upper-layer salinity budget}},
8949     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
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8951     PAGES = {747-753},
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8956     AUTHOR = {Pitcher, E. J. and M. L. Blackmon and G.T. Bates and S. Munoz},
8957     TITLE = {{The effect of North Pacific sea surface temperature
8958     anomalies on the January climate of a general
8959     circulation model}},
8960     JOURNAL = jas,
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8963     YEAR = {1988}
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8969     JOURNAL = {Prog. Oceanogr.},
8970     VOLUME = {14},
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8972     YEAR = {1985}
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8977     TITLE = {The deepening of the wind-mixed layer.},
8978     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Fluid Dyn.},
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8980     VOLUME = {3},
8981     OPTNUMBER = {},
8982     PAGES = {381-404},
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8989     TITLE = {Hawaiian glacial ages},
8990     JOURNAL = {Quat. Res.},
8991     YEAR = {1979},
8992     VOLUME = {12},
8993     OPTNUMBER = {},
8994     PAGES = {161-187},
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8996     OPTNOTE = {}
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9001     TITLE = {{Late Pleistocene eolian sediments related to
9002     pyroclastic eruptions of Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii}},
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9014     TITLE = {{Tropical Pacific climate trends since 1960}},
9015     JOURNAL = jc,
9016     VOLUME = {2},
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9018     YEAR = {1989}
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9022     AUTHOR = {Price, J.F.},
9023     TITLE = {On the scaling of stress-driven entrainment experiments},
9024     JOURNAL = {J. Fluid Mech.},
9025     YEAR = {1979},
9026     VOLUME = {90},
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9028     PAGES = {509-529},
9029     OPTMONTH = {},
9030     OPTNOTE = {}
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9034     AUTHOR = {Price, J.F. and R.A. Weller and R. Pinkel},
9035     TITLE = {{Diurnal Cycling: Observations and models of the upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling, and wind mixing}},
9036     JOURNAL = {J. Geo. Res.},
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9038     PAGES = {8411-8427},
9039     YEAR = {1986}
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9056     TITLE = {Historical trends and statistics of the {Southern
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9060     VOLUME = {76},
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9062     PAGES = {663-678},
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9068     AUTHOR = {Quinn, W.H. and V.T. Neal and E.A. De Mayolo},
9069     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no occurrences over the past four and a half centuries}},
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9078     TITLE = {{Observed decadal midlatitude and tropical Atlantic climate
9079     variability}},
9080     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
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9083     YEAR = {1998}
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9087     AUTHOR = {{Rahmstorff, S. and J. Willebrand}},
9088     TITLE = {{The role of temperature feedback in stabilising the
9089     thermohaline circulation}},
9090     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
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9092     PAGES = {787-805},
9093     YEAR = {1995}
9094     }
9095    
9096     @ARTICLE{Rahmstorff1995,
9097     AUTHOR = {{Rahmstorff, S.}},
9098     TITLE = {{Bifurcations of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in
9099     response to changes in the hydrological cycle}},
9100     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9101     VOLUME = {378},
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9103     YEAR = {1995}
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9108     TITLE = {{Risk of sea-change in the Atlantic?}},
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9117     TITLE = {Sea surface temperature and local weather.},
9118     JOURNAL = mwr,
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9129     TITLE = {{Secular change in reported surface wind speeds over the ocean}},
9130     JOURNAL = {J. Climate Appl. Meteor.},
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9139     clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 {El
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9157     YEAR = {1986}
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9224     TITLE = {{Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Ni\~no}},
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9280     TITLE = {{Structure and properties of synoptic-scale wave
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9379     TITLE = {{North Atlantic Deep Water and interhemispheric response to
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9382     JOURNAL = jgr,
9383     VOLUME = {},
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9385     NOTE = {in press},
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9401     TITLE = {{The use of emissivity in atmospheric radiation calculations}},
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9410     TITLE = {{Seasonal variability of sea surface $\Delta^{14}$C in the
9411     equatorial Pacific in an ocean circulation model}},
9412     JOURNAL = {To be submitted to J. Geophys. Res.},
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9420     TITLE = {{Monsoons and the dynamics of deserts}},
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9429     TITLE = {{Oceanic forcing of the wintertime North Atlantic
9430     Oscillation and European climate}},
9431     JOURNAL = {Nature},
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9434     YEAR = {1999}
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9439     TITLE = {{The association between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere}},
9440     JOURNAL = mwr,
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9462     }
9463    
9464     @ARTICLE{Ropelewski:Halpert1987,
9465     AUTHOR = {Ropelewski, C. F. and M. S. Halpert},
9466     TITLE = {Global and regional scale precipitation patterns
9467     associated with the {El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation}.},
9468     JOURNAL = mwr,
9469     YEAR = {1987},
9470     VOLUME = {114},
9471     OPTNUMBER = {},
9472     PAGES = {2352-2362},
9473     OPTMONTH = {},
9474     OPTNOTE = {}
9475     }
9476    
9477     @ARTICLE{Ropelewski:Halpert1989,
9478     AUTHOR = {Ropelewski, C. F. and M. S. Halpert},
9479     TITLE = {{Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of the southern oscillation}},
9480     JOURNAL = jc,
9481     VOLUME = {2},
9482     PAGES = {268-284},
9483     YEAR = {1989}
9484     }
9485    
9486     @ARTICLE{Rosati:Miyakoda1988,
9487     AUTHOR = {Rosati, A and K. Miyakoda},
9488     TITLE = {A general circulation model for upper ocean simulation},
9489     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9490     YEAR = {1988},
9491     VOLUME = {18},
9492     OPTNUMBER = {},
9493     PAGES = {1601-1626},
9494     OPTMONTH = {},
9495     OPTNOTE = {}
9496     }
9497    
9498     @ARTICLE{Ross:etal1985,
9499     AUTHOR = {Ross, D.B. and J. Overland And W.J. Pierson, Jrs. and V.J. Cardone And R.D. McPherson and T.W. Yu},
9500     TITLE = {{Oceanic surface winds}},
9501     JOURNAL = {Adv. in Geophys.},
9502     VOLUME = {27},
9503     PAGES = {101-140},
9504     YEAR = {1985}
9505     }
9506    
9507     @ARTICLE{Rossow:Schiffer1991,
9508     AUTHOR = {W. B. Rossow and R. A. Schiffer},
9509     TITLE = {{ISCCP cloud data products}},
9510     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
9511     VOLUME = {72},
9512     PAGES = {2-20},
9513     YEAR = {1991}
9514     }
9515    
9516     @ARTICLE{Rossow:Lacis1990,
9517     AUTHOR = {W. B. Rossow and A. A. Lacis},
9518     TITLE = {{Global, seasonal cloud variations from satellite radiance
9519     measurements. Part II: Cloud properties and
9520     radiative effects}},
9521     JOURNAL = jc,
9522     VOLUME = {3},
9523     PAGES = {1204-1253},
9524     YEAR = {1990}
9525     }
9526    
9527     @ARTICLE{Rothstein1984,
9528     AUTHOR = {L. M. Rothstein},
9529     TITLE = {{A model of the equatorial sea surface temperature field and
9530     associated circulation dynamics}},
9531     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9532     VOLUME = {14},
9533     PAGES = {1875-1892},
9534     YEAR = {1984}
9535     }
9536    
9537     @ARTICLE{Ruiz-Barradas:etal1999,
9538     AUTHOR = {A. Ruiz-Barradas and J. A. Carton and S. Nigam},
9539     TITLE = {{Structure of interannual-to-decadal climate variability in
9540     the tropical Atlantic sector}},
9541     JOURNAL = jc,
9542     VOLUME = {},
9543     PAGES = {},
9544     YEAR = {1999},
9545     OPTNOTE = {Submitted}
9546     }
9547    
9548     @ARTICLE{Russell:etal1985,
9549     AUTHOR = {G. L. Russell and J. R. Miller and L.-C. Tsang},
9550     TITLE = {{Seasonal oceanic heat transports computed from an
9551     atmospheric model}},
9552     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans},
9553     VOLUME = {9},
9554     PAGES = {253-271},
9555     YEAR = {1985},
9556     OPTNOTE = {}
9557     }
9558    
9559     @ARTICLE{Gregory:Rowntree1990,
9560     AUTHOR = {D. Gregory and P. R. Rowntree},
9561     TITLE = {{A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud
9562     ensemble characteristics and stability-dependent closure}},
9563     JOURNAL = mwr,
9564     VOLUME = {118},
9565     PAGES = {1483-1506},
9566     YEAR = {1990}
9567     }
9568    
9569     @ARTICLE{Sadourny1975,
9570     AUTHOR = {Sadourny, R.},
9571     TITLE = {{ The dynamics of finite-difference models of the shallow water equations}},
9572     JOURNAL = jas,
9573     VOLUME = {32},
9574     PAGES = {680-689},
9575     YEAR = {1975}
9576     }
9577    
9578     @ARTICLE{Salathe:Hartmann1997,
9579     AUTHOR = {Salath\'{e}, E. P. and D. L. Hartmann},
9580     TITLE = {{A trajectory analysis of tropical upper-tropospheric
9581     moisture and convection}},
9582     JOURNAL = jc,
9583     VOLUME = {10},
9584     PAGES = {2533-2547},
9585     YEAR = {1997}
9586     }
9587    
9588     @ARTICLE{Sarachik1978,
9589     AUTHOR = {E. S. Sarachik},
9590     TITLE = {{Tropical sea surface temperature: an interactive
9591     one-dimensional model.}},
9592     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans},
9593     VOLUME = {2},
9594     PAGES = {455-469},
9595     YEAR = {1978}
9596     }
9597    
9598     @ARTICLE{Saravanan:Chang2000,
9599     AUTHOR = {R. Saravanan and P. Chang},
9600     TITLE = {{Interaction between tropical Atlantic variability and El
9601     Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation}},
9602     JOURNAL = jc,
9603     VOLUME = {},
9604     PAGES = {},
9605     YEAR = {2000},
9606     NOTE = {In press}
9607     }
9608    
9609     @ARTICLE{Saravanan:McWilliams1998,
9610     AUTHOR = {R. Saravanan and J. C. McWilliams},
9611     TITLE = {{Advective ocean-atmosphere interaction: An analytical
9612     stochastic model with implications for decadal variability}},
9613     JOURNAL = jc,
9614     VOLUME = {11},
9615     PAGES = {165-188},
9616     YEAR = {1998},
9617     NOTE = {}
9618     }
9619    
9620     @ARTICLE{Sardeshmukh:Held1984,
9621     AUTHOR = {Sardeshmukh, P. D. and I. M. Held},
9622     TITLE = {{The vorticity balance in the tropical upper troposphere of
9623     a general circulation model}},
9624     JOURNAL = jas,
9625     VOLUME = {41},
9626     PAGES = {768-778},
9627     YEAR = {1984}
9628     }
9629    
9630     @INCOLLECTION{Schlesinger:Mitchell1985,
9631     AUTHOR = {Schlesinger, M.E. and J.F.B. Mitchell},
9632     TITLE = {{Model projections of the equilibrium climatic response to increased carbon bioxide.}},
9633     EDITOR = {{U.S. Department of Energy}},
9634     BOOKTITLE = {{M.C. MacCracker and F.M. Luther, eds. Projecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide}},
9635     PAGES = {81-147},
9636     YEAR = {1985},
9637     PUBLISHER = {Washington, D.C. (DOE/ER-0237)}
9638     }
9639    
9640     @ARTICLE{Schneider1977,
9641     AUTHOR = {Schneider, E. K.},
9642     TITLE = {{Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part II: non-linear calculations}},
9643     JOURNAL = jas,
9644     VOLUME = {34},
9645     PAGES = {280-296},
9646     YEAR = {1977}
9647     }
9648    
9649     @ARTICLE{Schneider:Lindzen1977,
9650     AUTHOR = {Schneider, E. K. and R. S. Lindzen},
9651     TITLE = {{Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part I: Linear calculations}},
9652     JOURNAL = jas,
9653     VOLUME = {34},
9654     PAGES = {263-279},
9655     YEAR = {1977}
9656     }
9657    
9658     @ARTICLE{Schopf1983,
9659     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S},
9660     TITLE = {{On equatorial waves and El Ni\~no. II: Effects of air-sea
9661     thermal coupling}},
9662     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9663     VOLUME = {13},
9664     PAGES = {1878-1893},
9665     YEAR = {1983}
9666     }
9667    
9668     @ARTICLE{Schopf:Cane1983,
9669     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S. and Mark A. Cane},
9670     TITLE = {{On equatorial dynamics, mixed-layer physics and sea surface temperature}},
9671     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9672     VOLUME = {13},
9673     PAGES = {917-935},
9674     YEAR = {1983}
9675     }
9676    
9677     @ARTICLE{Schopf:Suarez1988,
9678     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S. and M.J. Suarez},
9679     TITLE = {{Vacillations in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
9680     JOURNAL = jas,
9681     VOLUME = {45},
9682     PAGES = {549-566},
9683     YEAR = {1988}
9684     }
9685    
9686     @ARTICLE{Schopf:Suarez1990,
9687     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S. and M.J. Suarez},
9688     TITLE = {{Ocean wave dynamics and the timescale of ENSO}},
9689     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9690     VOLUME = {20},
9691     PAGES = {629-645},
9692     YEAR = {1990}
9693     }
9694    
9695     @ARTICLE{Schott:etal1998,
9696     AUTHOR = {Schott, F. A. and J. Fischer and L. Stramma},
9697     TITLE = {{Transports and pathways of the upper-layer circulation in
9698     the western tropical Atlantic}},
9699     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9700     VOLUME = {28},
9701     PAGES = {1904-1928},
9702     YEAR = {1998}
9703     }
9704    
9705     @ARTICLE{Schrag:etal1996,
9706     AUTHOR = {Schrag, D. and G. Hampt and D. Murray},
9707     TITLE = {{Pore fluid constraints on the temperature and oxygen
9708     isotopic composition of the glacial ocean}},
9709     JOURNAL = {Science},
9710     VOLUME = {272},
9711     PAGES = {1930-1931},
9712     YEAR = {1996}
9713     }
9714    
9715     @ARTICLE{Schmittner:Clement2000,
9716     AUTHOR = {A. Schmittner and A. C. Clement},
9717     TITLE = {{The response of the thermohaline circulation to
9718     ENSO induced tropical freshwater forcing during the last
9719     glacial-interglacial}},
9720     JOURNAL = {},
9721     VOLUME = {},
9722     NOTE = {Manuscript in preparation},
9723     PAGES = {},
9724     YEAR = {2000}
9725     }
9726    
9727     @ARTICLE{Schmittner:etal2000,
9728     AUTHOR = {A. Schmittner and C. Appenzeller and T. F. Stocker},
9729     TITLE = {{Enhanced Atlantic freshwater export during El Ni\~no}},
9730     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
9731     VOLUME = {},
9732     NOTE = {In press},
9733     PAGES = {},
9734     YEAR = {2000}
9735     }
9736    
9737     @ARTICLE{Schulz:etal1998,
9738     AUTHOR = {H. Schulz and U. von Rad and H. Erienkeuser},
9739     TITLE = {{Correlation between Arabian Sea and Greenland climate
9740     oscillations of the past 110,000 years}},
9741     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9742     VOLUME = {393},
9743     NOTE = {},
9744     PAGES = {54-57},
9745     YEAR = {1998}
9746     }
9747    
9748     @ARTICLE{Schneider:etal2001,
9749     AUTHOR = {N. Schneider and A. J. Miller and D. W. Pierce},
9750     TITLE = {{Anatomy of North Pacific decadal variability}},
9751     JOURNAL = jc,
9752     VOLUME = {},
9753     NOTE = {submitted},
9754     PAGES = {},
9755     YEAR = {2001}
9756     }
9757    
9758     @ARTICLE{Seager1991,
9759     AUTHOR = {Seager, R.},
9760     TITLE = {{A simple model of the climatology and variability of the
9761     low level wind field in the tropics.}},
9762     JOURNAL = jc,
9763     VOLUME = {4},
9764     PAGES = {164-179},
9765     YEAR = {1991}
9766     }
9767    
9768     @ARTICLE{Seager1989,
9769     AUTHOR = {Seager, R.},
9770     TITLE = {{Modeling tropical Pacific sea surface temperature: 1970-1987}},
9771     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9772     VOLUME = {19},
9773     PAGES = {419-434},
9774     YEAR = {1989}
9775     }
9776    
9777     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal1988,
9778     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and S. E. Zebiak and Mark A. Cane},
9779     TITLE = {{A model of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature climatology}},
9780     JOURNAL = jgr,
9781     VOLUME = {93},
9782     PAGES = {1265-1280},
9783     YEAR = {1988}
9784     }
9785    
9786     @ARTICLE{Seager:Zebiak1994,
9787     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and S. E. Zebiak},
9788     TITLE = {{Convective interaction with dynamics in a linear primitive
9789     equation model}},
9790     JOURNAL = jas,
9791     VOLUME = {51},
9792     PAGES = {1307-1331},
9793     YEAR = {1994}
9794     }
9795    
9796     @ARTICLE{Seager:Zebiak1995,
9797     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and S. E. Zebiak},
9798     TITLE = {{Simulation of tropical climate with a linear primitive
9799     equation model}},
9800     JOURNAL = jc,
9801     VOLUME = {8},
9802     PAGES = {2497-2520},
9803     YEAR = {1995}
9804     }
9805    
9806     @ARTICLE{Seager:Zebiak1997,
9807     AUTHOR = {R. Seager and S.E. Zebiak},
9808     TITLE = {{Coupling between clouds, radiation, convection
9809     and surface fluxes in a tropical climate model}},
9810     JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the 22nd conference on hurricanes and
9811     tropical meteorology, May 19-23, 1997.},
9812     PAGES = {563-564},
9813     YEAR = 1997
9814     }
9815    
9816     @ARTICLE{Seager:Blumenthal1994,
9817     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and M. B. Blumenthal},
9818     TITLE = {{Modeling tropical Pacific sea surface temperature with
9819     satellite-derived solar radiative forcing}},
9820     JOURNAL = jc,
9821     VOLUME = {7},
9822     PAGES = {1943-1957},
9823     YEAR = {1994}
9824     }
9825    
9826     @ARTICLE{Seager:Blumenthal1998,
9827     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and M. B. Blumenthal},
9828     TITLE = {{Understanding the global distribution of ocean surface heat flux}},
9829     JOURNAL = jc,
9830     VOLUME = {},
9831     PAGES = {},
9832     NOTE = {Submitted},
9833     YEAR = {1998}
9834     }
9835    
9836     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal1995a,
9837     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and M. B. Blumenthal and Y. Kushnir},
9838     TITLE = {{An advective atmospheric mixed layer model for ocean
9839     modeling purposes: Global simulation of surface heat fluxes}},
9840     JOURNAL = jc,
9841     VOLUME = {8},
9842     PAGES = {1951-1964},
9843     YEAR = {1995}
9844     }
9845    
9846     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal1995b,
9847     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and Y. Kushnir and M. A. Cane},
9848     TITLE = {{On heat flux boundary conditions for ocean models}},
9849     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9850     VOLUME = {25},
9851     NOTE = {},
9852     PAGES = {3219-3230},
9853     YEAR = {1995}
9854     }
9855    
9856     @ARTICLE{Seager:Murtugudde1997,
9857     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and R. Murtugudde},
9858     TITLE = {{Ocean dynamics, thermocline adjustment and regulation of
9859     tropical SST}},
9860     JOURNAL = jc,
9861     VOLUME = {10},
9862     NOTE = {},
9863     PAGES = {521-534},
9864     YEAR = {1997}
9865     }
9866    
9867     @ARTICLE{Seager1996,
9868     AUTHOR = {Seager, R.},
9869     TITLE = {{Generalization of an advective atmospheric mixed layer model for
9870     ocean modeling purposes: Simulation of Southern
9871     Ocean heat fluxes}},
9872     JOURNAL = jc,
9873     VOLUME = {},
9874     NOTE = {submitted},
9875     PAGES = {},
9876     YEAR = {1996}
9877     }
9878    
9879     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal2001,
9880     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and Y. Kushnir and P. Chang and N. Naik and
9881     J. Miller and W. Hazeleger},
9882     TITLE = {{Looking for the role of the ocean in tropical Atlantic
9883     decadal climate variability}},
9884     JOURNAL = jc,
9885     VOLUME = {14},
9886     NOTE = {638-655},
9887     PAGES = {},
9888     YEAR = {2001}
9889     }
9890    
9891     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal2000b,
9892     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and Y. Kushnir and M. Visbeck and N. Naik and
9893     J. Miller and G. Krahmann and H. Cullen},
9894     TITLE = {{Causes of Atlantic Ocean climate variability between 1958
9895     and 1998}},
9896     JOURNAL = jc,
9897     VOLUME = {13},
9898     NOTE = {},
9899     PAGES = {2845-2862},
9900     YEAR = {2000}
9901     }
9902    
9903     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal2000a,
9904     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and A. C. Clement and M. A. Cane},
9905     TITLE = {{Glacial cooling in the tropics: Exploring the roles of
9906     tropospheric water vapor, wind speed and boundary
9907     layer processes}},
9908     JOURNAL = jas,
9909     VOLUME = {57},
9910     NOTE = {},
9911     PAGES = {2144-2157},
9912     YEAR = {2000}
9913     }
9914    
9915     @ARTICLE{Sekine1988,
9916     AUTHOR = {Sekine, Y.},
9917     TITLE = {{Anomalous southward intrusion of the Oyashio east of Japan,
9918     1, Influence of the seasonal and interannual
9919     variations in the wind stress over the North Pacific}},
9920     JOURNAL = jgr,
9921     VOLUME = {93},
9922     PAGES = {2247-2255},
9923     YEAR = {1988}
9924     }
9925    
9926     @ARTICLE{Sekine1999,
9927     AUTHOR = {Sekine, Y.},
9928     TITLE = {{Anomalous southward intrusion of the Oyashio east of Japan,
9929     2, Two layer numerical model}},
9930     JOURNAL = jgr,
9931     VOLUME = {104},
9932     PAGES = {3049-3058},
9933     YEAR = {1999}
9934     }
9935    
9936     @ARTICLE{Sellers:etal1986,
9937     AUTHOR = {Sellers, P. J. and Y. Mintz and Y. C. Sud and A. Dalcher},
9938     TITLE = {{A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general
9939     circulation models}},
9940     JOURNAL = {J. Atmos. Sci},
9941     VOLUME = {43},
9942     PAGES = {505-531},
9943     YEAR = {1986}
9944     }
9945    
9946     @ARTICLE{Sennechael:etal1994,
9947     AUTHOR = {Sennechael, N. and C. Frankignoul and M. A. Cane},
9948     TITLE = {{An adaptive procedure for tuning a sea surface temperature model}},
9949     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9950     VOLUME = {24},
9951     PAGES = {2288-2305},
9952     YEAR = {1994}
9953     }
9954    
9955     @BOOK{Sengupta:etal1988,
9956     AUTHOR = {Sengupta, S. and J. Hauser And P.R. Eiseman and J.F. Thompson},
9957     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation in computational fluid mechanics}},
9958     YEAR = {1988},
9959     PUBLISHER = {{Pineridge Press}}
9960     }
9961    
9962     @ARTICLE{Servain1991,
9963     AUTHOR = {J. Servain},
9964     TITLE = {Simple Climatic Indices for the tropical Atlantic Ocean and some applications.},
9965     JOURNAL = jgr,
9966     YEAR = {1991},
9967     VOLUME = {96},
9968     PAGES = {15137-15146}
9969     }
9970    
9971     @ARTICLE{Servain:Legler1986,
9972     AUTHOR = {Servain, J. and D. M. Legler},
9973     TITLE = {{Empirical orthogonal function analyses of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature and wind stress: 1964-1979}},
9974     JOURNAL = jgr,
9975     VOLUME = 91,
9976     PAGES = {14181-14191},
9977     YEAR = 1986
9978     }
9979    
9980     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1982,
9981     AUTHOR = {J. Servain and J. Picaut and J. Merle},
9982     TITLE = {Evidence of remote forcing in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean.},
9983     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9984     YEAR = {1982},
9985     VOLUME = {12},
9986     OPTNUMBER = {},
9987     PAGES = {457-463},
9988     OPTMONTH = {},
9989     OPTNOTE = {}
9990     }
9991    
9992     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1998,
9993     AUTHOR = {{J. Servain and I. Wainer and J. P. McCreary and
9994     A. Dessier}},
9995     TITLE = {Relationship between the equatorial and meridional
9996     modes of climatic variability in the tropical Atlantic},
9997     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
9998     YEAR = {1998},
9999     VOLUME = {26},
10000     OPTNUMBER = {},
10001     PAGES = {485-488},
10002     OPTMONTH = {},
10003     OPTNOTE = {}
10004     }
10005    
10006     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1986,
10007     AUTHOR = {Servain, J. and M. Seva and S. Lukas and G. Rougier},
10008     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic wind stress and sea surface temperature: 1980-1984}},
10009     JOURNAL = {Antenne ORSTOM, Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale,
10010     University of Hawaii},
10011     YEAR = {1986}
10012     }
10013    
10014     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1987,
10015     AUTHOR = {Servain, J. and M. Seva and S. Lukas and G. Rougier},
10016     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature and wind stress: 1980-1984}},
10017     JOURNAL = {Ocean Air Interact.},
10018     VOLUME = {1},
10019     PAGES = {109-182},
10020     YEAR = 1987
10021     }
10022    
10023     @ARTICLE{Seung1987,
10024     AUTHOR = {Seung, Y.H.},
10025     TITLE = {{A buoyancy flux-driven cyclonic gyre in the Labrador Sea}},
10026     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10027     VOLUME = {17},
10028     PAGES = {134-146},
10029     YEAR = {1987}
10030     }
10031    
10032     @ARTICLE{Sherman:Pinkel1991,
10033     AUTHOR = {Jeffrey T. Sherman and Robert Pinkel},
10034     TITLE = {Estimates of the Vertical Wavenumber-Frequency
10035     Spectra of Vertical Shear and Strain},
10036     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10037     YEAR = 1991,
10038     VOLUME = 21,
10039     NUMBER = 2,
10040     PAGES = {292-303}
10041     }
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10045     L. Pandolfo},
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10047     climate trends}},
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10049     YEAR = 1999,
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10058     TITLE = {{Sensitivity of the Earth's climate to
10059     height-dependent changes in water vapor mixing ratio}},
10060     JOURNAL = {Nature},
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10062     VOLUME = 354,
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10068     J.-J. Morcrette},
10069     TITLE = {{Radiative forcing of climate}},
10070     EDITOR = {},
10071     BOOKTITLE = {{Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment}},
10072     PAGES = {41-68},
10073     YEAR = {1990},
10074     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.}
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10079     TITLE = {{Numerical} simulation of the atmospheric response to
10080     equaorial {Pacific} sea surface temperature anomalies.},
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10106     TITLE = {{The development and verification of a cloud
10107     prediction scheme for the ECMWF model}},
10108     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
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10120     changes in low cloud}},
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10122     YEAR = {1990},
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10220     EDITOR = {M. Schlesinger},
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10289     and moisture},
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10313     TITLE = {Atmospheric lapse rate regimes and their parameterization},
10314     JOURNAL = jas,
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10325     Fischer-Bruns and Klaus Hasselmann},
10326     TITLE = {{Principal Oscillation Pattern} analysis of the 30-60
10327     day oscillation in a {GCM} equatorial troposphere},
10328     INSTITUTION = {{Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Meteorologie}},
10329     YEAR = {1987},
10330     OPTTYPE = {},
10331     NUMBER = {7},
10332     OPTADDRESS = {},
10333     PAGES = 44,
10334     MONTH = {August},
10335     OPTNOTE = {}
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10340     Fischer-Bruns and Klaus Hasselmann},
10341     TITLE = {{Principal Oscillation Pattern} analysis of the 30-60
10342     day oscillation in a {GCM} equatorial troposphere},
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10344     YEAR = {1988},
10345     VOLUME = {93},
10346     OPTNUMBER = {},
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10373     VOLUME = {269},
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10380     TITLE = {{The parameterization of the planetary boundary layer in the
10381     UCLA general circulation model: Formulation and results}},
10382     JOURNAL = mwr,
10383     VOLUME = {111},
10384     PAGES = {2224-2243},
10385     YEAR = {1983}
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10390     TITLE = {{A delayed action oscillator for ENSO}},
10391     JOURNAL = jas,
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10399     TITLE = {{The roles of dry convection, cloud-radiation feedback
10400     processes and the influence of recent improvements in
10401     the parameterization of convection in the GLA GCM}},
10402     JOURNAL = mwr,
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10405     YEAR = {1988}
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10410     TITLE = {{Role of a cumulus parameterization scheme in simulating
10411     atmospheric circulation and rainfall in the
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10413     general circulation model}},
10414     JOURNAL = mwr,
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10423     tropical atmosphere. Part II: Structure and
10424     propagation of mobile wave-CISK modes and their
10425     modification by lower boundary forcings }},
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10452     TITLE = {{Dynamic ocean-atmosphere coupling: a thermostat for the tropics}},
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10480     AUTHOR = {J. T. Suttles and G. Ohring},
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10482     cliamte applications}},
10483     INSTITUTION = {{World Meteorological Organization}},
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10487     }
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10492     temperature and climate}},
10493     JOURNAL = {Nature},
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10495     PAGES = {},
10496     NOTE = {In press},
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10503     Atlantic region}},
10504     JOURNAL = jc,
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10506     PAGES = {},
10507     NOTE = {submitted},
10508     YEAR = {1999}
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10535     TITLE = {{Numerical simulations of the Madden and Julian Oscillation}},
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10544     TITLE = {{Eighteen degree water variability}},
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10579     AUTHOR = {Taylor, A.H.},
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10584     YEAR = {1983}
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10589     TITLE = {{Seasonal and year-to-year variations in surface salinity at the nine North Atlantic ocean weather stations}},
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10593     YEAR = {1980}
10594     }
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10598     TITLE = {{The North Atlantic Oscillation and the latitude of the Gulf
10599     Stream}},
10600     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
10601     VOLUME = {50A},
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10607     AUTHOR = {Temperton, C.},
10608     TITLE = {{Orthogonal vertical normal modes for a multilevel model}},
10609     JOURNAL = mwr,
10610     VOLUME = {112},
10611     PAGES = {503-509},
10612     YEAR = {1984}
10613     }
10614    
10615     @ARTICLE{Temperton:Williamson1981,
10616     AUTHOR = {C. Temperton and D. L. Williamson},
10617     TITLE = {{Normal mode initialization for a multilevel grid-point
10618     model. Part I: Linear aspects}},
10619     JOURNAL = mwr,
10620     VOLUME = {109},
10621     PAGES = {729-743},
10622     YEAR = {1981}
10623     }
10624    
10625     @ARTICLE{Tennekes1973,
10626     AUTHOR = {H. Tennekes},
10627     TITLE = {{A model for the dynamics of the inversion above a
10628     convective boundary layer}},
10629     JOURNAL = jas,
10630     VOLUME = {30},
10631     PAGES = {558-567},
10632     YEAR = {1973}
10633     }
10634    
10635     @ARTICLE{Tett1995,
10636     AUTHOR = {S. Tett},
10637     TITLE = {{Simulation of El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation-like
10638     variability in a global AOGCM and its response to
10639     $CO_2$ increase}},
10640     JOURNAL = jc,
10641     VOLUME = {8},
10642     PAGES = {1473-1502},
10643     YEAR = {1995}
10644     }
10645    
10646     @UNPUBLISHED{Thiria:etal1990,
10647     AUTHOR = {Thiria, S. and Badran, F. and Crepon, M.},
10648     TITLE = {Wind Ambiguity removal by the use of neural network techniques},
10649     NOTE = {},
10650     YEAR = {1990},
10651     OPTMONTH = {}
10652     }
10653    
10654     @INCOLLECTION{Thomas1982,
10655     AUTHOR = {Thomas, P.D.},
10656     TITLE = {{Numerical generation of composite three-dimensional grids by quasihnear elliptic systems.}},
10657     EDITOR = {P.D. Thomas},
10658     BOOKTITLE = {{Numerical grid generation}},
10659     PAGES = {667-686},
10660     YEAR = {1982},
10661     PUBLISHER = {North-Holland}
10662     }
10663    
10664     @BOOK{Thompson1986,
10665     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F.},
10666     TITLE = {{A survey of composite grid generation for general three-dimensional regions}},
10667     YEAR = {1986},
10668     PUBLISHER = {{AIAA}}
10669     }
10670    
10671     @INCOLLECTION{Thompson1988,
10672     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F.},
10673     TITLE = {{Some current trends in numerical grid generation.}},
10674     BOOKTITLE = {{Numerical methods of fluid dynamics, 111}},
10675     PAGES = {87-100},
10676     YEAR = {1988},
10677     PUBLISHER = {Oxford, England}
10678     }
10679    
10680     @BOOK{Thompson:etal,
10681     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F. and Z.V.A. Warsi and C.W. Martin},
10682     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation-fundamentals and applications}},
10683     YEAR = {},
10684     PUBLISHER = {{North-Holland}}
10685     }
10686    
10687     @ARTICLE{Thompson:etal1982,
10688     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F. and Z.V.A. Warsi and C.W. Martin},
10689     TITLE = {{Boundary-fitted co-ordinate systems for numerical soultion of partial differential equations - a review}},
10690     JOURNAL = {J. Comp. Phys.},
10691     VOLUME = {47},
10692     PAGES = {1-108},
10693     YEAR = {1982}
10694     }
10695    
10696     @ARTICLE{Thompson:etal1995,
10697     AUTHOR = {Thompson, L. E. and E. Mosley-Thompson and M. E. Davis and
10698     P. N. Lik and K. A. Henderson and J. Cole-Dai and
10699     J. F. Bolzan and K. B. Liu},
10700     TITLE = {{Late glacial stage and Holocene tropical ice core records
10701     from Huascaran, Peru.}},
10702     JOURNAL = {Science},
10703     VOLUME = {269},
10704     PAGES = {46-50},
10705     YEAR = {1995}
10706     }
10707    
10708     @ARTICLE{Thompson:Warren1982,
10709     AUTHOR = {Thompson, S. L. and S. G. Warren},
10710     TITLE = {{Parameterization of outgoing infrared radiation derived
10711     from detailed radiative calculations}},
10712     JOURNAL = jas,
10713     VOLUME = {39},
10714     PAGES = {2667-2680},
10715     YEAR = {1982}
10716     }
10717    
10718     @ARTICLE{Thompson:Wallace1999,
10719     AUTHOR = {Thompson, D. W. J. and J. M. Wallace},
10720     TITLE = {{Annular modes in the extratropical circulation: Part I:
10721     Month-to-month variability}},
10722     JOURNAL = jc,
10723     VOLUME = {},
10724     PAGES = {},
10725     YEAR = {1999},
10726     NOTE = {In press.}
10727     }
10728    
10729     @INCOLLECTION{Tiedtke1988,
10730     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M},
10731     TITLE = {{Parameterization of cumulus convection in large scale models}},
10732     EDITOR = {M. Schlesinger},
10733     BOOKTITLE = {{Physically-based modeling and simulation of climate and
10734     climate change}},
10735     PAGES = {375-431},
10736     YEAR = {1988},
10737     PUBLISHER = {D. Reidel, Hingham, Mass.}
10738     }
10739    
10740     @ARTICLE{Tiedtke:etal1988,
10741     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M. and W. A. Heckley and J. Slingo},
10742     TITLE = {{Tropical forecasting at ECMWF: The influence of physical
10743     parameterization on the mean structure of forecasts
10744     and analyses}},
10745     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
10746     VOLUME = {114},
10747     PAGES = {639-664},
10748     YEAR = {1988}
10749     }
10750    
10751     @ARTICLE{Tiedtke1989,
10752     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M.},
10753     TITLE = {{A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus
10754     parameterization in large-scale models}},
10755     JOURNAL = mwr,
10756     VOLUME = {117},
10757     PAGES = {1779-1800},
10758     YEAR = {1989}
10759     }
10760    
10761     @ARTICLE{Tiedtke1993,
10762     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M.},
10763     TITLE = {{Representation of clouds in large-scale models}},
10764     JOURNAL = mwr,
10765     VOLUME = {121},
10766     PAGES = {3040-3061},
10767     YEAR = {1993}
10768     }
10769    
10770     @INCOLLECTION{Tourre:Cardone1984,
10771     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and V.J. Cardone},
10772     TITLE = {{Evaluation of ECMWF surface winds in tropical Atlantic during SEQUAL/FOCAL first year.}},
10773     BOOKTITLE = {{Paper presented at Fall Meeting of American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 3 to Dec. 7, 1984}},
10774     YEAR = {},
10775     PUBLISHER = {}
10776     }
10777    
10778     @ARTICLE{Tourre:etal1989,
10779     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and J. Merle and Y. Quilfen},
10780     TITLE = {{Sea level pressure variability and warm events in the tropical Atlantic Ocean}},
10781     JOURNAL = jc,
10782     PAGES = {(sumbitted)},
10783     YEAR = {1989}
10784     }
10785    
10786     @ARTICLE{Tourre:etal1999a,
10787     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and B. Rajagopolan and Y. Kushnir},
10788     TITLE = {{Dominant patterns of climate variability in the Atlantic
10789     Ocean during the last 136 Years}},
10790     JOURNAL = jc,
10791     VOLUME = {12},
10792     PAGES = {2285-2299},
10793     YEAR = {1999},
10794     NOTE = {}
10795     }
10796    
10797     @ARTICLE{Tourre:etal1999b,
10798     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and Y. Kushnir and W. B. White},
10799     TITLE = {{Evolution of interdecadal variability in sea level
10800     pressure, sea surface temperature, and upper ocean
10801     temperature over the Pacific Ocean}},
10802     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10803     PAGES = {1528-1541},
10804     YEAR = {1999},
10805     NOTE = {}
10806     }
10807    
10808     @TECHREPORT{Trenberth1992,
10809     AUTHOR = {K. E. Trenberth},
10810     TITLE = {{Global analyses from ECMWF and Atlas of 1000 to 10
10811     mb Circulation Statistics}},
10812     INSTITUTION = {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
10813     YEAR = 1992,
10814     NUMBER = {NCAR/TN-373+STR},
10815     PAGES = 191,
10816     ADDRESS = {Boulder, Colorado, 191pp}
10817     }
10818    
10819     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:etal1988,
10820     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and G.W. Branstator and P.A. Arkin},
10821     TITLE = {Origins of the 1988 North American drought},
10822     JOURNAL = {Sci},
10823     YEAR = {1988},
10824     VOLUME = {242},
10825     OPTNUMBER = {},
10826     PAGES = {1640-1645},
10827     OPTMONTH = {},
10828     OPTNOTE = {}
10829     }
10830    
10831     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:etal2001,
10832     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and J. M. Caron and D. P. Stepaniak},
10833     TITLE = {The atmospheric energy budget and implications for
10834     surface fluxes and ocean heat transports},
10835     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
10836     YEAR = {2001},
10837     VOLUME = {},
10838     OPTNUMBER = {},
10839     PAGES = {},
10840     OPTMONTH = {},
10841     NOTE = {submitted}
10842     }
10843    
10844     @ARTICLE{Trenberth1991,
10845     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E.},
10846     TITLE = {{Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere}},
10847     JOURNAL = jas,
10848     YEAR = {1991},
10849     VOLUME = {48},
10850     OPTNUMBER = {},
10851     PAGES = {2159-2178},
10852     OPTMONTH = {},
10853     OPTNOTE = {}
10854     }
10855    
10856     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:Hurrell1994,
10857     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and J. W. Hurrell},
10858     TITLE = {{Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific}},
10859     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
10860     YEAR = {1994},
10861     VOLUME = {9},
10862     OPTNUMBER = {},
10863     PAGES = {303-319},
10864     OPTMONTH = {},
10865     OPTNOTE = {}
10866     }
10867    
10868     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:Hoar1996,
10869     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and T. J. Hoar},
10870     TITLE = {{The 1990-1995 El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation event:
10871     Longest on record}},
10872     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
10873     YEAR = {1996},
10874     VOLUME = {},
10875     OPTNUMBER = {},
10876     PAGES = {},
10877     OPTMONTH = {},
10878     NOTE = {submitted}
10879     }
10880    
10881     @ARTICLE{Troehn:Mahrt1986,
10882     AUTHOR = {Troehn, I. and L. Mahrt},
10883     TITLE = {A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer;
10884     sensitivity to surface evaporation},
10885     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer Meteor.},
10886     YEAR = {1986},
10887     VOLUME = {37},
10888     OPTNUMBER = {},
10889     PAGES = {129-148},
10890     OPTMONTH = {},
10891     OPTNOTE = {}
10892     }
10893    
10894     @ARTICLE{Tziperman:etal1994a,
10895     AUTHOR = {Tziperman, E. and J. R. Toggweiler and Y. Feliks and
10896     K. Bryan},
10897     TITLE = {Instability of the thermohaline circulation with
10898     respect to mixed boundary conditions: Is it really a
10899     problem for realistic models?},
10900     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10901     YEAR = {1994},
10902     VOLUME = {24},
10903     OPTNUMBER = {},
10904     PAGES = {217-232},
10905     OPTMONTH = {},
10906     OPTNOTE = {}
10907     }
10908    
10909     @ARTICLE{Tziperman:etal1994b,
10910     AUTHOR = {Tziperman, E. and M. A. Cane and S. E. Zebiak},
10911     TITLE = {Irregularity and locking to the seasonal cycle in an
10912     ENSO prediction model as explained by the
10913     quasi-periodicity route to chaos},
10914     JOURNAL = jas,
10915     YEAR = {1994},
10916     VOLUME = {52},
10917     OPTNUMBER = {},
10918     PAGES = {293-306},
10919     OPTMONTH = {},
10920     OPTNOTE = {}
10921     }
10922    
10923     @ARTICLE{Tziperman1997,
10924     AUTHOR = {Tziperman, E.},
10925     TITLE = {Inherently unstable climate behavior due to weak
10926     thermohaline circulation},
10927     JOURNAL = {Nature},
10928     YEAR = {1997},
10929     VOLUME = {386},
10930     OPTNUMBER = {},
10931     PAGES = {592-595},
10932     OPTMONTH = {},
10933     OPTNOTE = {}
10934     }
10935    
10936     @ARTICLE{Vallis1986,
10937     AUTHOR = {Vallis, G.K.},
10938     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no: A chaotic dynamical system}},
10939     JOURNAL = {Science},
10940     VOLUME = {232},
10941     PAGES = {243-245},
10942     YEAR = {1986}
10943     }
10944    
10945     @ARTICLE{Valdes:Hoskins1989,
10946     AUTHOR = {Valdes, P.J. and B. J. Hoskins},
10947     TITLE = {{Linear stationary wave simulations of the time-mean
10948     climatological flow}},
10949     JOURNAL = jas,
10950     VOLUME = {46},
10951     PAGES = {2509-2527},
10952     YEAR = {1989}
10953     }
10954    
10955     @ARTICLE{Vallis1988,
10956     AUTHOR = {Vallis, G.K.},
10957     TITLE = {{Conceptual models of El Ni\~no and the Southern Oscillation}},
10958     JOURNAL = jgr,
10959     VOLUME = {11},
10960     PAGES = {979-991},
10961     YEAR = {1988}
10962     }
10963    
10964     @ARTICLE{VanLoon:Rogers1978a,
10965     AUTHOR = {H. van Loon and J. C. Rogers},
10966     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and
10967     Northern Europe. Part I: General description}},
10968     JOURNAL = mwr,
10969     VOLUME = {106},
10970     PAGES = {296-310},
10971     YEAR = {1978}
10972     }
10973    
10974     @ARTICLE{vanLoon:Rogers1978b,
10975     AUTHOR = {van Loon, H. and J.C. Rogers},
10976     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and
10977     northern Europe. Part I: Winter}},
10978     JOURNAL = mwr,
10979     VOLUME = 104,
10980     PAGES = {365-380},
10981     YEAR = 1978
10982     }
10983    
10984     @ARTICLE{Venegas:etal1997,
10985     AUTHOR = {S. A. Venegas and L. A. Mysak and D. N. Straub},
10986     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-ocean coupled variability in the South Atlantic}},
10987     JOURNAL = jc,
10988     VOLUME = {10},
10989     PAGES = {2904-2920},
10990     YEAR = {1997}
10991     }
10992    
10993     @ARTICLE{Venegas:etal1998,
10994     AUTHOR = {S. A. Venegas and L. A. Mysak and D. N. Straub},
10995     TITLE = {{An interdecadal climate cycle in the South Atlantic and its links to
10996     other ocean basins}},
10997     JOURNAL = {J. Geophys. Res. },
10998     VOLUME = {103},
10999     PAGES = {24723-24736},
11000     YEAR = {1998}
11001     }
11002    
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11004     AUTHOR = {S. Venzke and M. Munnich and M. Latif},
11005     TITLE = {{On the predictability of decadal changes in the North Pacific}},
11006     JOURNAL = {Clim Dyn.},
11007     VOLUME = {16},
11008     PAGES = {379-392},
11009     YEAR = {2000}
11010     }
11011    
11012     @ARTICLE{Veronis1973,
11013     AUTHOR = {George Veronis},
11014     TITLE = {{Model of world ocean circulation: 1. Wind-driven,
11015     two layer}},
11016     JOURNAL = {J. Marine Res.},
11017     YEAR = {1973},
11018     VOLUME = {31},
11019     OPTNUMBER = {},
11020     PAGES = {228-288},
11021     OPTMONTH = {},
11022     OPTNOTE = {}
11023     }
11024    
11025     @ARTICLE{Visbeck:etal1997,
11026     AUTHOR = {M. Visbeck and J. C. Marshall and T. Haine and M. Spall},
11027     TITLE = {Specification of eddy transfer coefficients in coarse
11028     resolution ocean circulation models},
11029     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11030     YEAR = 1997,
11031     VOLUME = 27,
11032     PAGES = {381-402}
11033     }
11034    
11035     @ARTICLE{Visbeck:etal1998,
11036     AUTHOR = {M. Visbeck and H. Cullen and G. Krahmann and N. Naik},
11037     TITLE = {{An ocean model's response to North Atlantic
11038     Oscillation-like wind forcing}},
11039     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
11040     YEAR = 1998,
11041     VOLUME = 25,
11042     PAGES = {4521-4524}
11043     }
11044    
11045     @ARTICLE{Vihma1995,
11046     AUTHOR = {T. Vihma},
11047     TITLE = {Subgrid parameterization of surface heat and momentum
11048     fluxes over polar oceans},
11049     JOURNAL = jgr,
11050     YEAR = 1995,
11051     VOLUME = 100,
11052     PAGES = {22613-22624}
11053     }
11054    
11055     @ARTICLE{Viswanadham1981,
11056     AUTHOR = {Y. Viswanadham},
11057     TITLE = {The Relationship between Total Precipitable Water and
11058     Surface Dew Point},
11059     JOURNAL = {J. Appl. Meteorol.},
11060     YEAR = 1981,
11061     VOLUME = 20,
11062     PAGES = {3-8}
11063     }
11064    
11065     @ARTICLE{Voorhis:etal1984,
11066     AUTHOR = {Voorhis, A. and J. R. Luyten And G. Needell and J. Thomson},
11067     TITLE = {{Wind-forced variability of upper ocean dynamics in the central equatorial Pacific during PEQUOD}},
11068     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11069     VOLUME = {14},
11070     PAGES = {615-622},
11071     YEAR = {1984}
11072     }
11073    
11074     @ARTICLE{Wacongne1989,
11075     AUTHOR = {Wacongne, S.},
11076     TITLE = {{Dynamical regimes of a fully nonlinear stratified model of the Atlantic equatorial undercurrent}},
11077     JOURNAL = jgr,
11078     VOLUME = {94},
11079     PAGES = {4801-4815},
11080     YEAR = {1989}
11081     }
11082    
11083     @ARTICLE{Wagner:daSilva1993,
11084     AUTHOR = {R. G. Wagner and A.M. da Silva.},
11085     TITLE = {Surface conditions associated with anomalous rainfall
11086     in the Guinea costal region},
11087     JOURNAL = {Int. J. Climatol.},
11088     YEAR = {1993},
11089     NOTE = {To appear.},
11090     OPTNUMBER = {},
11091     OPTPAGES = {},
11092     OPTMONTH = {},
11093     OPTNOTE = {}
11094     }
11095    
11096     @ARTICLE{Wagner1996a,
11097     AUTHOR = {R. G. Wagner},
11098     TITLE = {{Mechanisms controlling variability of the
11099     interhemispheric sea surface temperature gradient in
11100     the tropical Atlantic}},
11101     JOURNAL = jc,
11102     YEAR = {1996},
11103     NOTE = {},
11104     VOLUME = {9},
11105     PAGES = {2010-2019},
11106     OPTMONTH = {},
11107     OPTNOTE = {}
11108     }
11109    
11110     @ARTICLE{Wagner1996b,
11111     AUTHOR = {R. G. Wagner},
11112     TITLE = {{Decadal scale trends in mechanisms controlling
11113     meridional sea surface temperature gradients in
11114     the tropical Atlantic}},
11115     JOURNAL = jgr,
11116     YEAR = {1996},
11117     NOTE = {},
11118     VOLUME = {101},
11119     PAGES = {16683-16694},
11120     OPTMONTH = {},
11121     OPTNOTE = {}
11122     }
11123    
11124     @ARTICLE{Wakata1989,
11125     AUTHOR = {Wakata, Y.},
11126     TITLE = {{On the instability problem in simple air-sea coupled models with an oceanic surface boundary layer}},
11127     JOURNAL = {J. Meteor. Japan},
11128     VOLUME = {in press},
11129     YEAR = {1989}
11130     }
11131    
11132     @ARTICLE{Waliser:Graham1993,
11133     AUTHOR = {Waliser, D. E. and N. E. Graham},
11134     TITLE = {Convective cloud systems and warm-pool sea surface
11135     temperatures: coupled interactions and self-regulation},
11136     JOURNAL = jgr,
11137     YEAR = {1993},
11138     OPTVOLUME = {98},
11139     OPTNUMBER = {},
11140     PAGES = {12,881-12,893},
11141     OPTMONTH = {},
11142     OPTNOTE = {}
11143     }
11144    
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11147     TITLE = {Correlation in seasonal variations of weather,{IX}: a
11148     further study of world weather.},
11149     JOURNAL = {Mem. India Meteorol. Dep 24 (Part 9)},
11150     YEAR = {1924},
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11152     OPTNUMBER = {},
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11154     OPTMONTH = {},
11155     OPTNOTE = {}
11156     }
11157    
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11159     AUTHOR = {Walker, G.T. and E.W. Bliss},
11160     TITLE = {World {W}eather {V}.},
11161     JOURNAL = {Mem. R. Meteorol. Soc.},
11162     YEAR = {1932},
11163     VOLUME = {4},
11164     NUMBER = {36},
11165     PAGES = {53-84},
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11167     }
11168    
11169     @ARTICLE{Wallace:Gutzler1981,
11170     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and D. S. Gutzler},
11171     TITLE = {{Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the
11172     northern hemisphere winter}},
11173     JOURNAL = mwr,
11174     VOLUME = {109},
11175     PAGES = {784-812},
11176     YEAR = 1981
11177     }
11178    
11179     @INCOLLECTION{Wallace:Jiang1987,
11180     AUTHOR = {Wallace, J.M. and Q. Jiang},
11181     TITLE = {{On the observed structure of interannual variability of the atmosphere/ocean climate system. }},
11182     EDITOR = {H. Cattle},
11183     BOOKTITLE = {{Atmospheric and Oceanic Variability}},
11184     PAGES = {17-43},
11185     YEAR = {1987},
11186     PUBLISHER = {Royal Meteorological Society/American Meteorological Society}
11187     }
11188    
11189     @ARTICLE{Wallace:etal1989,
11190     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and T. P. Mitchell and C. Deser},
11191     TITLE = {{The influence of sea surface temperature on surface wind in
11192     the eastern equatorial Pacific: Seasonal and
11193     interannual variability}},
11194     JOURNAL = jc,
11195     VOLUME = {2},
11196     PAGES = {1492-1499},
11197     YEAR = 1989
11198     }
11199    
11200     @ARTICLE{Wallace:etal1990,
11201     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and C. Smith and Q. Jiang},
11202     TITLE = {{Spatial patterns of atmosphere-ocean interaction in the
11203     northern winter}},
11204     JOURNAL = jc,
11205     VOLUME = {3},
11206     PAGES = {990-998},
11207     YEAR = 1990
11208     }
11209    
11210     @ARTICLE{Wallace:etal1996,
11211     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and Y. Zhang and L. Bajuk},
11212     TITLE = {{Interpretation of interdecadal trends in Northern
11213     Hemisphere surface air temperature}},
11214     JOURNAL = jc,
11215     VOLUME = {9},
11216     PAGES = {249-259},
11217     YEAR = 1996
11218     }
11219    
11220     @ARTICLE{Wallace1992,
11221     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace},
11222     TITLE = {{Effect of deep convection on the regulation of tropical sea
11223     surface temperature}},
11224     JOURNAL = {Nature},
11225     VOLUME = {357},
11226     PAGES = {230-231},
11227     YEAR = 1992
11228     }
11229    
11230     @ARTICLE{Wang:Li1993,
11231     AUTHOR = {Wang, B. and T. Li},
11232     TITLE = {{A simple tropical atmosphere model of relevance to
11233     short-term climate variations}},
11234     JOURNAL = jas,
11235     VOLUME = {50},
11236     PAGES = {260-284},
11237     YEAR = 1993
11238     }
11239    
11240     @ARTICLE{Wang:etal1995,
11241     AUTHOR = {Wang, B. and T. Li and P. Chang},
11242     TITLE = {{An intermediate model of the tropical Pacific Ocean}},
11243     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11244     VOLUME = {25},
11245     PAGES = {1577-1598},
11246     YEAR = 1995
11247     }
11248    
11249     @ARTICLE{Wang:etal1993,
11250     AUTHOR = {Wang, S. and B. A. Albrecht and P. Minnis},
11251     TITLE = {{A regional simulation of marine boundary layer clouds}},
11252     JOURNAL = jas,
11253     VOLUME = {50},
11254     PAGES = {4022-4043},
11255     YEAR = 1993
11256     }
11257    
11258     @ARTICLE{Weare1977,
11259     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11260     TITLE = {{Empirical orthogonal analysis of Atlantic Ocean surface temperatures}},
11261     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
11262     VOLUME = {103},
11263     PAGES = {467=478},
11264     YEAR = 1977
11265     }
11266    
11267     @ARTICLE{Weare1983,
11268     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11269     TITLE = {Interannual variation of net heating at the surface
11270     of the tropical {Pacific Ocean}},
11271     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11272     YEAR = {1983},
11273     VOLUME = {13},
11274     OPTNUMBER = {},
11275     PAGES = {873-885},
11276     OPTMONTH = {},
11277     OPTNOTE = {}
11278     }
11279    
11280     @ARTICLE{Weare1986,
11281     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11282     TITLE = {{A comparison of shallow water model results for three
11283     estimates of a composite El Ni\~no forcing}.},
11284     JOURNAL = jas,
11285     YEAR = {1986},
11286     VOLUME = {43},
11287     OPTNUMBER = {},
11288     PAGES = {162-170},
11289     OPTMONTH = {},
11290     OPTNOTE = {}
11291     }
11292    
11293     @ARTICLE{Weare1989,
11294     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11295     TITLE = {{Uncertainties in estimates of surface heat fluxes derived from marine reports over the tropical and subtropical oceans}},
11296     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
11297     VOLUME = {41A},
11298     PAGES = {357-370},
11299     YEAR = {1989}
11300     }
11301    
11302     @TECHREPORT{Weare:etal1980,
11303     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C. and P. T. Strub and M. D. Samuel},
11304     TITLE = {{Marine climate atlas of the tropical Pacific Ocean}},
11305     INSTITUTION = {Dept. of Land, Air and Water Resources},
11306     PAGES = {147},
11307     NUMBER = {20},
11308     YEAR = 1980,
11309     ADDRESS = {{University of California, Davis, 147pp.}}
11310     }
11311    
11312     @ARTICLE{Weare:etal1981,
11313     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C. and P. T. Strub and M. D. Samuel},
11314     TITLE = {Annual mean surface heat fluxes in the tropical
11315     Pacific Ocean},
11316     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11317     YEAR = {1981},
11318     VOLUME = {11},
11319     OPTNUMBER = {},
11320     PAGES = {705-717},
11321     OPTMONTH = {},
11322     OPTNOTE = {}
11323     }
11324    
11325     @ARTICLE{Weare:Strub1981,
11326     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C. and P. T. Strub},
11327     TITLE = {The significance of sampling biases on calculated
11328     monthly mean oceanic surface heat fluxes},
11329     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
11330     YEAR = {1981},
11331     VOLUME = {33},
11332     OPTNUMBER = {},
11333     PAGES = {211-224},
11334     OPTMONTH = {},
11335     OPTNOTE = {}
11336     }
11337    
11338     @ARTICLE{Weaver:Sarachik1991a,
11339     AUTHOR = {Weaver, A. J. and E. S. Sarachik},
11340     TITLE = {Evidence for decadal variability in an ocean general
11341     circulation model: An advective mechanism},
11342     JOURNAL = {Atmos.-Ocean},
11343     YEAR = {1991},
11344     VOLUME = {29},
11345     OPTNUMBER = {},
11346     PAGES = {197-231},
11347     OPTMONTH = {},
11348     OPTNOTE = {}
11349     }
11350    
11351     @ARTICLE{Weaver:Sarachik1991b,
11352     AUTHOR = {Weaver, A. J. and E. S. Sarachik},
11353     TITLE = {The role of mixed boundary conditions in numerical
11354     models of the ocean's climate},
11355     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11356     YEAR = {1991},
11357     VOLUME = {21},
11358     OPTNUMBER = {},
11359     PAGES = {1470-1493},
11360     OPTMONTH = {},
11361     OPTNOTE = {}
11362     }
11363    
11364     @ARTICLE{Weaver:etal1993,
11365     AUTHOR = {Weaver, A. J. and J. Marotzke and P. F. Cummins and E. S. Sarachik},
11366     TITLE = {Stability and variability of the thermohaline circulation},
11367     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11368     YEAR = {1993},
11369     VOLUME = {23},
11370     OPTNUMBER = {},
11371     PAGES = {39-60},
11372     OPTMONTH = {},
11373     OPTNOTE = {}
11374     }
11375    
11376     @ARTICLE{Webster:Stephens1980,
11377     AUTHOR = {Webster, P. J. and G. L. Stephens},
11378     TITLE = {{Tropical upper atmosphere extended clouds: Inferences
11379     from Winter MONEX}},
11380     JOURNAL = jas,
11381     YEAR = {1980},
11382     VOLUME = {37},
11383     OPTNUMBER = {},
11384     PAGES = {1521-1541},
11385     OPTMONTH = {},
11386     OPTNOTE = {}
11387     }
11388    
11389     @ARTICLE{Webster:Chang1988,
11390     AUTHOR = {Webster, P. J. and H.-R. Chang},
11391     TITLE = {{Equatorial energy accumulation and emmanation
11392     regions: Impacts of a zonally varying basic state}},
11393     JOURNAL = jas,
11394     YEAR = {1988},
11395     VOLUME = {45},
11396     OPTNUMBER = {},
11397     PAGES = {803-829},
11398     OPTMONTH = {},
11399     OPTNOTE = {}
11400     }
11401    
11402     @ARTICLE{Webster:Lukas1992,
11403     AUTHOR = {Webster, P. J. and R. Lukas},
11404     TITLE = {{TOGA COARE: the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment}},
11405     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
11406     YEAR = {1992},
11407     VOLUME = {73},
11408     OPTNUMBER = {},
11409     PAGES = {1377-1416},
11410     OPTMONTH = {},
11411     OPTNOTE = {}
11412     }
11413    
11414     @ARTICLE{Weickmann:Khalsa1990,
11415     AUTHOR = {Weickmann, K. M. and S. J. S. Khalsa},
11416     TITLE = {{The shift of convection from the Indian Ocean to the
11417     Western Pacific Ocean during a 30-60 oscillation}},
11418     JOURNAL = mwr,
11419     YEAR = {1990},
11420     VOLUME = {118},
11421     OPTNUMBER = {},
11422     PAGES = {964-978},
11423     OPTMONTH = {},
11424     OPTNOTE = {}
11425     }
11426    
11427     @ARTICLE{Weingartner:Weisberg1991a,
11428     AUTHOR = {T.J. Weingartner and R.H. Weisberg},
11429     TITLE = {On the annual cycle of equatorial upwelling in the
11430     central Atlantic Ocean.},
11431     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11432     YEAR = {1991a},
11433     VOLUME = {21},
11434     OPTNUMBER = {},
11435     PAGES = {68-82},
11436     OPTMONTH = {},
11437     OPTNOTE = {}
11438     }
11439    
11440     @ARTICLE{Weingartner:Weisberg1991b,
11441     AUTHOR = {T.J. Weingartner and R.H. Weisberg},
11442     TITLE = {A description of the annual cycle in sea surface
11443     temperature and upper ocean heat in the equatorial Atlantic.},
11444     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr},
11445     YEAR = {1991b},
11446     VOLUME = {21},
11447     OPTNUMBER = {},
11448     PAGES = {83-96},
11449     OPTMONTH = {},
11450     OPTNOTE = {}
11451     }
11452    
11453     @ARTICLE{Wells1987,
11454     AUTHOR = {Lisa E. Wells},
11455     TITLE = {An Alluvial Record of {El Ni\~no} Events from
11456     Northern Coastal Peru},
11457     JOURNAL = jgr,
11458     YEAR = 1987,
11459     VOLUME = 92,
11460     NUMBER = {C13},
11461     PAGES = {14,463-14,470},
11462     MONTH = {December},
11463     KEYWORDS = {El Ni\~no, ancient, climate}
11464     }
11465    
11466     @INPROCEEDINGS{Wells1991,
11467     AUTHOR = {Lisa E. Wells and M. Moore and R. Fairbanks},
11468     TITLE = {Climate Variability of the Indonesian Low and
11469     Southern Oscillation Reconstructed from the
11470     Geochemistry of Annually-Banded Reef Corals},
11471     BOOKTITLE = {XVII Pacific Science Congress: Honolulu HI, 27 May
11472     to 2 Jun 1991. Symposium is Paleoclimate and
11473     prehistory of the lowland tropics},
11474     YEAR = 1991,
11475     KEYWORDS = {El Nino, ancient, climate}
11476     }
11477    
11478     @ARTICLE{White:Pazan1987,
11479     AUTHOR = {White, W.B. and S.E. Pazan},
11480     TITLE = {{Hindcast/forecasts of ENSO events based upon the redistribution of observed and model heat content in the western tropical Pacific, 1964-1986.}},
11481     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11482     VOLUME = {17},
11483     PAGES = {264-280},
11484     YEAR = {1987}
11485     }
11486    
11487     @ARTICLE{White:etal1985,
11488     AUTHOR = {White, W.B. and G. Meyers And J.R. Donguy and S. Pazan},
11489     TITLE = {{Short-therm climatic variability in the thermal structure of the Pacific Ocean during 1979-1982}},
11490     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11491     VOLUME = {15},
11492     PAGES = {917-935},
11493     YEAR = {1985}
11494     }
11495    
11496     @ARTICLE{Whysall:etal1987,
11497     AUTHOR = {Whysall, K.D.B. and N.S. Cooper and G.R. Bigg},
11498     TITLE = {Long term changes in the tropical {Pacific} surface
11499     wind field},
11500     JOURNAL = {Nature},
11501     YEAR = {1987},
11502     VOLUME = {327},
11503     OPTNUMBER = {},
11504     PAGES = {216-219},
11505     OPTMONTH = {},
11506     OPTNOTE = {}
11507     }
11508    
11509     @ARTICLE{Wijesekera:Dillon1991,
11510     AUTHOR = {Hemantha W. Wijesekera and Thomas M. Dillon},
11511     TITLE = {Internal waves and mixing in the upper equatorial {Pacific}
11512     ocean.},
11513     JOURNAL = jgr,
11514     YEAR = 1991,
11515     VOLUME = 96,
11516     NUMBER = {C4},
11517     PAGES = {7155-7125}
11518     }
11519    
11520     @ARTICLE{Wild:etal1995,
11521     AUTHOR = {Wild, M. and A. Ohmura and H. Gilgen and E. Roeckner},
11522     TITLE = {{Validation of general circulation model radiative
11523     fluxes using surface observations}},
11524     JOURNAL = jc,
11525     YEAR = {1995},
11526     VOLUME = {8},
11527     NUMBER = {},
11528     PAGES = {1309-1324}
11529     }
11530    
11531     @ARTICLE{Williams:Renno1993,
11532     AUTHOR = {Williams, E. and N. Renno},
11533     TITLE = {{An analysis of the conditional instability of the
11534     tropical atmosphere}},
11535     JOURNAL = mwr,
11536     YEAR = {1993},
11537     VOLUME = {121},
11538     NUMBER = {},
11539     PAGES = {21-36}
11540     }
11541    
11542     @ARTICLE{Winton:Sarachik1993,
11543     AUTHOR = {Winton, M. and E. S. Sarachik},
11544     TITLE = {{Thermohaline oscillations induced by strong steady
11545     salinity forcings of ocean general circulation models}},
11546     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11547     YEAR = {1993},
11548     VOLUME = {23},
11549     NUMBER = {},
11550     PAGES = {1389-1410}
11551     }
11552    
11553     @ARTICLE{Witter:Chelton1998,
11554     AUTHOR = {Witter, D. L. and D. B. Chelton},
11555     TITLE = {{Eddy-mean flow interaction in zonal oceanic jet flow
11556     along zonal ridge topography}},
11557     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11558     YEAR = {1998},
11559     VOLUME = {28},
11560     NUMBER = {},
11561     PAGES = {2019-2039}
11562     }
11563    
11564     @ARTICLE{Wolter1989,
11565     AUTHOR = {Wolter, K.},
11566     TITLE = {{Modes of tropical circulation, Southern Oscillation, and Sahel rainfall anomalies}},
11567     JOURNAL = jc,
11568     VOLUME = {8},
11569     PAGES = {149-172},
11570     YEAR = {1989}
11571     }
11572    
11573     @ARTICLE{Woodruff:etal1987,
11574     AUTHOR = {Woodruff, S.D. and R.J. Slutz And R.L. Jenne and P.M. Steurer},
11575     TITLE = {{A comprehensive ocean-atmosphere data set}},
11576     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
11577     VOLUME = {68},
11578     PAGES = {521-527},
11579     YEAR = {1987}
11580     }
11581    
11582     @ARTICLE{Wright1985,
11583     AUTHOR = {Peter B. Wright},
11584     TITLE = {{The Southern Oscillation: An Ocean-Atmosphere Feedback System?}},
11585     JOURNAL = {P. Bull. Am. met. Soc.},
11586     VOLUME = {66},
11587     PAGES = {398-412},
11588     YEAR = {1985}
11589     }
11590    
11591     @ARTICLE{Wright1986,
11592     AUTHOR = {P.B. Wright},
11593     TITLE = {{Precursers of the Southern Oscillation.}},
11594     JOURNAL = {J. Climatol.},
11595     YEAR = {1986},
11596     VOLUME = {6},
11597     OPTNUMBER = {},
11598     PAGES = {17-30},
11599     OPTMONTH = {},
11600     OPTNOTE = {}
11601     }
11602    
11603     @ARTICLE{Wright:Thompson1983,
11604     AUTHOR = {Wright, D.G. and K.R. Thompson},
11605     TITLE = {{Time-averaged forms of the nonlinear stress law}},
11606     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11607     VOLUME = {13},
11608     PAGES = {341-345},
11609     YEAR = {1983}
11610     }
11611    
11612     @ARTICLE{Wunsch1968:On,
11613     AUTHOR = {Carl Wunsch},
11614     TITLE = {On the propagation of internal waves up a slope},
11615     JOURNAL = {Deep-Sea Res.},
11616     YEAR = 1968,
11617     VOLUME = 15,
11618     PAGES = {251-258},
11619     KEYWORDS = {internal waves, sloping bottom}
11620     }
11621    
11622     @ARTICLE{Wunsch1968:Pro,
11623     AUTHOR = {Carl Wunsch},
11624     TITLE = {Progresive internal waves on slopes},
11625     JOURNAL = {J. Fluid Mech.},
11626     YEAR = 1968,
11627     VOLUME = 35,
11628     NUMBER = 1,
11629     PAGES = {131-144},
11630     KEYWORDS = {internal waves, sloping bottom}
11631     }
11632    
11633     @ARTICLE{Wunsch1988,
11634     AUTHOR = {Wunsch, C.},
11635     TITLE = {{Eclectic modelling of the North Atlantic, Part 2: Transient tracers and the ventilation of the eastern basin thermocline}},
11636     JOURNAL = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.},
11637     VOLUME = {A325},
11638     PAGES = {207-236},
11639     YEAR = {1988}
11640     }
11641    
11642     @INCOLLECTION{Wunsch1989,
11643     AUTHOR = {Carl Wunsch},
11644     TITLE = {Using Data with Models: Ill-Posed and Time-Dependent
11645     Ill-Posed Problems},
11646     BOOKTITLE = {Tomograhie Geophysique,/Geophysical tomography},
11647     PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Scient Publishers B. V.},
11648     YEAR = 1989,
11649     EDITOR = {Y. Desaubies and A. Tarantola and J. Zinn-Justin}
11650     }
11651    
11652     @ARTICLE{Wylie:Hinton1981,
11653     AUTHOR = {Wylie, D.P. and B.B. Hinton},
11654     TITLE = {{The feasibility of estimating large-scale surface wind fields for the summer MONEX using cloud motions and ship data}},
11655     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer Meteor.},
11656     VOLUME = {21},
11657     PAGES = {357-367},
11658     YEAR = {1981}
11659     }
11660    
11661     @BOOK{Wyrtki1961,
11662     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11663     TITLE = {{Physical Oceanography of the woutheast Asain waters}},
11664     PAGES = {195},
11665     YEAR = {1961},
11666     PUBLISHER = {{NAGA Rep. 2, University of CA, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. La Jolla, CA.}}
11667     }
11668    
11669     @ARTICLE{Wyrtki1975,
11670     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11671     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no -- The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing}},
11672     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11673     VOLUME = {5},
11674     PAGES = {572-84},
11675     YEAR = {1975}
11676     }
11677    
11678     @ARTICLE{Wyrtki1979,
11679     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11680     TITLE = {{The response of sea surface topography to the 1976 El Ni\~no}},
11681     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11682     VOLUME = {9},
11683     PAGES = {1223-1231},
11684     YEAR = {1979}
11685     }
11686    
11687     @ARTICLE{Wyrtki1987,
11688     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11689     TITLE = {{Indonesian through flow and the associated pressure graident}},
11690     JOURNAL = jgr,
11691     VOLUME = {92},
11692     PAGES = {12941-12946},
11693     YEAR = {1987}
11694     }
11695    
11696     @ARTICLE{Xie:Tanimoto1998,
11697     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P. and Y. Tanimoto}},
11698     TITLE = {{A pan-Atlantic decadal climate oscillation}},
11699     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
11700     YEAR = {1998},
11701     VOLUME = {25},
11702     PAGES = {2185-2188}
11703     }
11704    
11705     @ARTICLE{Xie:Philander1994,
11706     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P. and S.G.H. Philander}},
11707     TITLE = {{A coupled ocean-atmosphere model of relevance to the
11708     ITCZ in the eastern Pacific}},
11709     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
11710     YEAR = {1994},
11711     VOLUME = {46A},
11712     PAGES = {340-350}
11713     }
11714    
11715     @ARTICLE{Xie1999,
11716     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P.}},
11717     TITLE = {{A dynamic ocean-atmosphere model of the tropical
11718     Atlantic decadal variability}},
11719     JOURNAL = jc,
11720     YEAR = {1999},
11721     VOLUME = {12},
11722     PAGES = {64-70}
11723     }
11724    
11725     @ARTICLE{Xie:etal2000,
11726     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P. and T. Kunitani and A. Kubokawa and M. Nonaka and S. Hosada}},
11727     TITLE = {{Interdecadal thermocline variability in the North Pacific for 1958-97: A GCM simulation}},
11728     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11729     YEAR = {2000},
11730     VOLUME = {30},
11731     PAGES = {2798-2813}
11732     }
11733    
11734     @ARTICLE{Xu:etal1997,
11735     AUTHOR = {{Xu, W., T.P. Barnett and M. Latif}},
11736     TITLE = {{Decadal variability in the North
11737     Pacific as simulated by a hybrid coupled model}},
11738     JOURNAL = {J. Climate, submitted},
11739     YEAR = {1997},
11740     VOLUME = {},
11741     PAGES = {}
11742     }
11743    
11744     @TECHREPORT{Xu1990,
11745     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu},
11746     TITLE = {On the relationship between the stratospheric {QBO}
11747     and the tropospheric {SO}},
11748     INSTITUTION = {{Max-Plank-Institut {f\"ur} Meteorologie}},
11749     YEAR = {1990},
11750     OPTTYPE = {},
11751     NUMBER = {48},
11752     OPTADDRESS = {},
11753     MONTH = {March},
11754     OPTNOTE = {}
11755     }
11756    
11757     @UNPUBLISHED{Xu1991,
11758     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu},
11759     TITLE = {Analysis and Prediction of the {El Ni\~no} {Southern
11760     Oscillation} Phenomenon using {Principal} {Oscillation}
11761     {Pattern} Analysis},
11762     NOTE = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Meteorologie},
11763     KEYWORDS = {ENSO, POP, climate prediction},
11764     OPTYEAR = {},
11765     OPTMONTH = {}
11766     }
11767    
11768     @TECHREPORT{Xu:Storch1989,
11769     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu and Han von Storch},
11770     TITLE = {{Principal Oscillation Pattern--Prediction} of the
11771     state of {ENSO}},
11772     INSTITUTION = {{Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Meteorologie}},
11773     YEAR = {1989},
11774     OPTTYPE = {},
11775     NUMBER = {35},
11776     OPTADDRESS = {},
11777     OPTMONTH = {},
11778     OPTNOTE = {}
11779     }
11780    
11781     @ARTICLE{Xu:Storch1990,
11782     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu and Han von Storch},
11783     TITLE = {Predicting the state of the {Southern Oscillation}
11784     using principal oscillation pattern analysis},
11785     JOURNAL = jc,
11786     YEAR = {1990},
11787     VOLUME = {3},
11788     OPTNUMBER = {},
11789     PAGES = {1316-1329},
11790     OPTNOTE = {}
11791     }
11792    
11793     @ARTICLE{Xu:Emanuel1989,
11794     AUTHOR = {Xu, K-M and K. A. Emanuel},
11795     TITLE = {Is the tropical atmosphere conditionally unstable?},
11796     JOURNAL = mwr,
11797     YEAR = {1989},
11798     VOLUME = {117},
11799     OPTNUMBER = {},
11800     PAGES = {1471-1479},
11801     OPTNOTE = {}
11802     }
11803    
11804     @ARTICLE{Yanai:etal1973,
11805     AUTHOR = {Yanai, M. and S. K. Esbensen and J.-H. Chu},
11806     TITLE = {{Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters
11807     from large-scale heat and moisture budgets}},
11808     JOURNAL = jas,
11809     VOLUME = {30},
11810     PAGES = {611-627},
11811     YEAR = {1973}
11812     }
11813    
11814     @ARTICLE{Yano:Emanuel1991,
11815     AUTHOR = {J. Yano and K. A. Emanuel},
11816     TITLE = {{An improved model of the equatorial troposphere and its
11817     coupling with the stratosphere}},
11818     JOURNAL = jas,
11819     VOLUME = {48},
11820     PAGES = {377-389},
11821     YEAR = {1991}
11822     }
11823    
11824     @ARTICLE{Yakhot:Orszag1986,
11825     AUTHOR = {Yakhot, V. and S.A. Orszag},
11826     TITLE = {{Renormalization group analysis of turbulence: I. Basic Theory}},
11827     JOURNAL = {J. Sci. Comp.},
11828     VOLUME = {1},
11829     PAGES = {3-51},
11830     YEAR = {1986}
11831     }
11832    
11833     @ARTICLE{Yamada:Sekine1997,
11834     AUTHOR = {F. Yamada and Y. Sekine},
11835     TITLE = {{Variations on sea surface temperature and 500hPa height
11836     over the North Pacific with reference to the
11837     occurence of anomalous southward Oyashio intrusion
11838     east of Japan}},
11839     JOURNAL = {J. Meteor. Soc. Japan},
11840     VOLUME = {75},
11841     PAGES = {995-1000},
11842     YEAR = {1997}
11843     }
11844    
11845     @ARTICLE{Yin:Battisti2000,
11846     AUTHOR = {J. H. Yin and D. S. Battisti},
11847     TITLE = {{The importance of tropical sea surface temperature patterns
11848     in simulations of Last Glacial Maximum climate}},
11849     JOURNAL = jc,
11850     VOLUME = {},
11851     PAGES = {},
11852     YEAR = {2000},
11853     NOTE = {In press}
11854     }
11855    
11856     @ARTICLE{Yoo:Carton1988,
11857     AUTHOR = {Yoo, J.M. and J.A. Carton},
11858     TITLE = {{Spatial dependence of the relationship between rainfall and outgoing longwave radiation}},
11859     JOURNAL = {J. C.imate},
11860     VOLUME = {1},
11861     PAGES = {1047-1054},
11862     YEAR = {1988}
11863     }
11864    
11865     @ARTICLE{Yoo:Carton1990,
11866     AUTHOR = {Yoo, J.-M. and J.A. Carton},
11867     TITLE = {{Annual and interannual variation of the freshwater budget in tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea}},
11868     JOURNAL = jc,
11869     VOLUME = {in preparation},
11870     YEAR = {1990}
11871     }
11872    
11873     @INCOLLECTION{Young1987,
11874     AUTHOR = {J. A. Young},
11875     TITLE = {Boundary layer dynamics of tropical and monsoonal flows},
11876     BOOKTITLE = {Monsoon Meteorology},
11877     PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
11878     YEAR = 1987,
11879     EDITOR = {{C.-P. Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti}},
11880     PAGES = {461-500}
11881     }
11882    
11883     @ARTICLE{Young:etal1995,
11884     AUTHOR = {G. S. Young and S. M. Perugini and C. W. Fairall},
11885     TITLE = {{Convective wakes in the equatorial western Pacific
11886     during TOGA COARE}},
11887     JOURNAL = mwr,
11888     YEAR = {1995},
11889     VOLUME = {123},
11890     OPTNUMBER = {},
11891     PAGES = {110-123},
11892     OPTMONTH = {},
11893     OPTNOTE = {}
11894     }
11895    
11896     @ARTICLE{Yu:Neelin1993,
11897     AUTHOR = {J-Y Yu and J. D. Neelin},
11898     TITLE = {{Modes of tropical variability under convective
11899     adjustment and the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Part
11900     II: Numerical results}},
11901     JOURNAL = jas,
11902     YEAR = {1993},
11903     VOLUME = {},
11904     OPTNUMBER = {},
11905     PAGES = {submitted},
11906     OPTMONTH = {},
11907     OPTNOTE = {}
11908     }
11909    
11910     @ARTICLE{Yuan:Martinson2000,
11911     AUTHOR = {X. Yuan and D. G. Martinson},
11912     TITLE = {{Antarctic sea ice extent variability and it global connectivity}},
11913     JOURNAL = jc,
11914     YEAR = {2000},
11915     VOLUME = {13},
11916     OPTNUMBER = {},
11917     PAGES = {1697-1717},
11918     OPTMONTH = {},
11919     OPTNOTE = {}
11920     }
11921    
11922     @INCOLLECTION{Zav'yalova1986,
11923     AUTHOR = {Zav'yalova, I.N.},
11924     TITLE = {{Humidity of air in Antarctica.}},
11925     EDITOR = {I.M. Dolgin},
11926     BOOKTITLE = {{Climate of Antarctic}},
11927     PAGES = {92-101},
11928     YEAR = {1986},
11929     PUBLISHER = {A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam}
11930     }
11931    
11932     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1982,
11933     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E.},
11934     TITLE = {A simple atmospheric model of relevance to {El Ni\~no}.},
11935     JOURNAL = jas,
11936     YEAR = {1982},
11937     VOLUME = {39},
11938     OPTNUMBER = {},
11939     PAGES = {2017-2027},
11940     OPTMONTH = {},
11941     OPTNOTE = {}
11942     }
11943    
11944     @BOOK{Zebiak1984,
11945     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E.},
11946     TITLE = {{Tropical atmosphere-ocean interaction interaction and the El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation phenomenon.}},
11947     PAGES = {261},
11948     YEAR = {1984},
11949     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. thesis, M.I.T.}}
11950     }
11951    
11952     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1986,
11953     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E.},
11954     TITLE = {{Atmospheric convergence feedback in a simple model
11955     for El Ni\~no}},
11956     JOURNAL = mwr,
11957     YEAR = {1986},
11958     VOLUME = {114},
11959     OPTNUMBER = {},
11960     PAGES = {1263-1271},
11961     OPTMONTH = {},
11962     OPTNOTE = {}
11963     }
11964    
11965     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1989:Ill,
11966     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11967     TITLE = {{Ill Wind}},
11968     JOURNAL = {The Sciences},
11969     VOLUME = {29},
11970     PAGES = {26-31},
11971     YEAR = {1989}
11972     }
11973    
11974     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1989,
11975     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11976     TITLE = {{Oceanic heat content variability and El Ni\~no cycles}},
11977     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11978     VOLUME = {19},
11979     PAGES = {475-486},
11980     YEAR = {1989}
11981     }
11982    
11983     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1989:On,
11984     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11985     TITLE = {{On the 30-60 day oscillation and the prediction of El Ni\~no.}},
11986     JOURNAL = jc,
11987     VOLUME = {2},
11988     PAGES = {1381-1387},
11989     YEAR = {1989}
11990     }
11991    
11992     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1990,
11993     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11994     TITLE = {{Diagnostic Studies of Pacific Surface Winds}},
11995     JOURNAL = jc,
11996     VOLUME = {3},
11997     PAGES = {1016-1031},
11998     YEAR = {1990}
11999     }
12000    
12001     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1993,
12002     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
12003     TITLE = {{Air-sea interaction in the equatorial Atlantic region}},
12004     JOURNAL = jc,
12005     VOLUME = {6},
12006     PAGES = {1567-1586},
12007     YEAR = {1993}
12008     }
12009    
12010     @ARTICLE{Zebiak:Cane1987,
12011     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E. and M. A. Cane},
12012     TITLE = {{A model El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation}},
12013     JOURNAL = mwr,
12014     VOLUME = {115},
12015     PAGES = {2262-2278},
12016     YEAR = {1987}
12017     }
12018    
12019     @INCOLLECTION{Zebiak:Cane1988,
12020     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak and Mark A. Cane},
12021     TITLE = {Diagnostic studies of a coupled model's climate variability.},
12022     EDITOR = {David R. Rodenhuis},
12023     BOOKTITLE = {{Proceedings of the 13th Climate Diagnostics Workshop,
12024     Oct. 31-Nov. 4, 1988}},
12025     YEAR = {1988},
12026     PUBLISHER = {NOAA}
12027     }
12028    
12029     @INCOLLECTION{Zebiak:Cane1989,
12030     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E. and M. A. Cane},
12031     TITLE = {{Natural climate variability in a coupled model.}},
12032     EDITOR = {Michael E. Schlesinger},
12033     BOOKTITLE = {{{\rm Workshop on} Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations}},
12034     YEAR = {1989},
12035     PAGES = {457-469},
12036     PUBLISHER = {Oregon State University}
12037     }
12038    
12039     @ARTICLE{Zeng:etal1999,
12040     AUTHOR = {Zeng, N. and J. D. Neelin and C. Chou},
12041     TITLE = {The first quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model -
12042     implementation and simulation},
12043     JOURNAL = jas,
12044     VOLUME = {},
12045     PAGES = {},
12046     NOTE = {submitted},
12047     YEAR = {1999}
12048     }
12049    
12050     @ARTICLE{Zhang:etal1997,
12051     AUTHOR = {Zhang, Y. and J. M. Wallace and D. S. Battisti},
12052     TITLE = {{ENSO-like decade-to-century scale variability: 1900-93}},
12053     JOURNAL = jc,
12054     VOLUME = {10},
12055     PAGES = {1004-1020},
12056     NOTE = {},
12057     YEAR = {1997}
12058     }
12059    
12060     @ARTICLE{Zhang:etal1996,
12061     AUTHOR = {Zhang, Y. and J. M. Wallace and N. Iwasaka},
12062     TITLE = {{Is climate variability over the North Pacific a linear
12063     response to ENSO?}},
12064     JOURNAL = jc,
12065     VOLUME = {9},
12066     PAGES = {1468-1478},
12067     NOTE = {},
12068     YEAR = {1996}
12069     }
12070    
12071     @UNPUBLISHED{Zhao:etal1989,
12072     AUTHOR = {Zhao, Y. and S.E. Zebiak and Mark A. Cane},
12073     TITLE = {{Climate variability over several centuries as revealed in a coupled model and ice core reconstructions}},
12074     JOURNAL = {},
12075     YEAR = {1989}
12076     }
12077    
12078     @ARTICLE{Zhao:etal1991,
12079     AUTHOR = {Zhao, Y and M. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
12080     TITLE = {{Comparison of El Ni\~no as recorded in the Quelccaya
12081     ice-cap and a coupled dynamical model}},
12082     JOURNAL = {in preparation},
12083     YEAR = {1991},
12084     OPTVOLUME = {},
12085     OPTNUMBER = {},
12086     OPTPAGES = {},
12087     OPTMONTH = {},
12088     OPTNOTE = {}
12089     }
12090    
12091     @ARTICLE{Zhao:Cane1995,
12092     AUTHOR = {Zhao, Y and M. A. Cane},
12093     TITLE = {{The influence of vertical resolution on ocean mixed
12094     layer parameterizations}},
12095     JOURNAL = {To be submitted},
12096     YEAR = {1995},
12097     OPTVOLUME = {},
12098     OPTNUMBER = {},
12099     OPTPAGES = {},
12100     OPTMONTH = {},
12101     OPTNOTE = {}
12102     }
12103    
12104     @ARTICLE{Zwiers:Boer1987,
12105     AUTHOR = {Zwiers, F. W. and G. J. Boer},
12106     TITLE = {{A comparison of climates simulated by a general
12107     circulation model when run in the annual cycle and
12108     perpetual modes}},
12109     JOURNAL = mwr,
12110     YEAR = {1987},
12111     VOLUME = {115},
12112     OPTNUMBER = {},
12113     PAGES = {2626-2644},
12114     OPTMONTH = {},
12115     OPTNOTE = {}
12116     }
12117    
12118     @ARTICLE{andreas1985,
12119     AUTHOR = {E. L. Andreas},
12120     TITLE = {{Heat and moisture advection over Antarctic sea ice}},
12121     JOURNAL = mwr,
12122     VOLUME = {113},
12123     PAGES = {736-746},
12124     YEAR = {1985}
12125     }
12126    
12127     @INCOLLECTION{deVerdiere1981,
12128     AUTHOR = {de Verdiere, A.C.},
12129     TITLE = {{C. Observations and mechanisms of meridional heat transfer by mesoscale eddies.}},
12130     EDITOR = {Eric B. Kraus and Mich\`ele Fleux},
12131     BOOKTITLE = {{NATO Advanced Research Institute; Large Scale Transport of Heat and Matter in the Ocean}},
12132     PAGES = {99-104},
12133     YEAR = {1981},
12134     PUBLISHER = {Laboratoire D'Oceanographie Physique du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle de Paris}
12135     }
12136    
12137     @ARTICLE{deVerdiere1986,
12138     AUTHOR = {de Verdiere, A.},
12139     TITLE = {{On mean flow instabilities within the planetary geostrophic equations}},
12140     JOURNAL = jpo,
12141     VOLUME = {16},
12142     PAGES = {1981-1984},
12143     YEAR = {1986}
12144     }
12145    
12146     @ARTICLE{deVerdiere1988,
12147     AUTHOR = {de Verdiere, A.C.},
12148     TITLE = {{Buoyancy driven planetary flows}},
12149     JOURNAL = jmr,
12150     VOLUME = {46},
12151     PAGES = {215-265},
12152     YEAR = {1988}
12153     }
12154    
12155     @ARTICLE{duPenhoat:Cane1991,
12156     AUTHOR = {du Penhoat Y. and M.A. Cane},
12157     TITLE = {Effect of Low-Latitude {Western} Gaps on the
12158     Reflection of Equatorial Motions },
12159     JOURNAL = jgr,
12160     YEAR = {1991},
12161     VOLUME = {96},
12162     OPTNUMBER = {},
12163     PAGES = {3307-3322},
12164     OPTMONTH = {},
12165     OPTNOTE = {}
12166     }
12167    
12168     @ARTICLE{duPenhoat:Treguier1985,
12169     AUTHOR = {du Penhoat, Y and A.M. Treguier},
12170     TITLE = {{The seasonal linear response of the tropical Atlantic ocean}},
12171     JOURNAL = jpo,
12172     VOLUME = {15},
12173     PAGES = {316-329},
12174     YEAR = {1985}
12175     }
12176    
12177     @INCOLLECTION{duPenhoat:etal1983,
12178     AUTHOR = {du Penhoat, Y. and Mark A. Cane and R.J. Patton},
12179     TITLE = {{Reflections of low frequency equatorial waves on partial boundaries. }},
12180     EDITOR = {JCL Nihoul},
12181     BOOKTITLE = {{Hydrodynamics of the Equatorial Ocean, Memories Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 6e series Tome XI}},
12182     PAGES = {237-358},
12183     YEAR = {1983},
12184     PUBLISHER = {Elsevier}
12185     }

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