/[MITgcm]/manual/baylor_biblio.bib
ViewVC logotype

Annotation of /manual/baylor_biblio.bib

Parent Directory Parent Directory | Revision Log Revision Log | View Revision Graph Revision Graph


Revision 1.2 - (hide annotations) (download)
Fri Dec 16 19:57:07 2005 UTC (18 years, 4 months ago) by edhill
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 1.1: +41 -8 lines
 o update the big collection of BibTeX references provided by Baylor

1 edhill 1.1 @string{pnas="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}
2     @string{plms="Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society"}
3     @string{aas="Advances in Atmospheric Sciences"}
4     @string{ajs="American Journal of Science"}
5     @string{amsb="American Meteorological Society, Bulletin"}
6     @string{ag="Annales Geophysicae"}
7     @string{arfm="Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics"}
8     @string{ajus="Antarctic Journal of the United States"}
9     @string{as="Antarctic Science"}
10     @string{aprs="Asian-Pacific Remote Sensing and GIS Journal"}
11     @string{a="Atmosfera"}
12     @string{ao="Atmosphere-Ocean"}
13     @string{ar="Atmospheric Research"}
14     @string{amm="Australian Meteorological Magazine"}
15     @string{br="Basin Research"}
16     @string{bgc="Biogeochemistry"}
17     @string{blm="Boundary-Layer Meteorology"}
18     @string{bsgf="Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France"}
19     @string{bms="Bulletin of Marine Science"}
20     @string{bams="Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society"}
21     @string{cjes="Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences"}
22     @string{cd="Climate Dynamics"}
23     @string{cc="Climatic Change"}
24     @string{cras="Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. Serie II. Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes"}
25     @string{cg="Computers and Geosciences"}
26     @string{csr="Continental Shelf Research"}
27     @string{cap="Contributions to Atmospheric Physics"}
28     @string{dwm="Daily Weather Maps"}
29     @string{dsr="Deep-Sea Research"}
30     @string{dsr1="Deep-Sea Research, Part 1"}
31     @string{dsr2="Deep-Sea Research, Part 2"}
32     @string{des="Doklady Earth Sciences"}
33     @string{dao="Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans"}
34     @string{epsl="Earth and Planetary Science Letters"}
35     @string{emp="Earth, Moon, and Planets"}
36     @string{eps="Earth, Planets and Space"}
37     @string{esr="Earth Science Reviews"}
38     @string{espl="Earth Surface Processes and Landforms"}
39     @string{eos="EOS"}
40     @string{epi="Episodes"}
41     @string{ecss="Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science"}
42     @string{gsat="GSA Today"}
43     @string{gi="Geofisica International"}
44     @string{gj="Geological Journal"}
45     @string{gm="Geological Magazine"}
46     @string{gsab="Geological Society of America, Bulletin"}
47     @string{gig="Geologiia I Geofizika"}
48     @string{g="Geology"}
49     @string{ga="Geomagnetism and Aeronomy"}
50     @string{gml="Geo-Marine Letters"}
51     @string{geom="Geomorphology"}
52     @string{gafd="Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics"}
53     @string{gji="Geophysical Journal International"}
54     @string{gp="Geophysical Prospecting"}
55     @string{grl="Geophysical Research Letters"}
56     @string{geop="Geophysics"}
57     @string{gc="Geoscience Canada"}
58     @string{gj="Geoscience Journal"}
59     @string{gt="Geotectonics"}
60     @string{gta="Geotektonika"}
61     @string{gtc="Geothermics"}
62     @string{gtm="Geotimes"}
63     @string{gff="GFF"}
64     @string{gpc="Global and Planetary Change"}
65     @string{gbc="Global Biogeochemical Cycles"}
66     @string{gcn="Global Change Newsletter"}
67     @string{gsat="GSA Today"}
68     @string{i="Icarus"}
69     @string{igr="International Geology Review"}
70     @string{ijc="International Journal of Climatology"}
71     @string{ijes="International Journal of Earth Sciences"}
72     @string{iscb="International Seismological Centre, Bulletin"}
73     @string{ia="The Island Arc"}
74     @string{iaop="Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics"}
75     @string{ipse="Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth"}
76     @string{jgr="Journal of Geophysical Research"}
77     @string{jgra="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part A"}
78     @string{jgrb="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part B"}
79     @string{jgrc="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part C"}
80     @string{jgrd="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part D"}
81     @string{jgre="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part E"}
82     @string{jag="Journal of Applied Geophysics"}
83     @string{jam="Journal of Applied Meteorology"}
84     @string{jaot="Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology"}
85     @string{jastp="Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics"}
86     @string{jac="Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry"}
87     @string{jas="Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences"}
88     @string{jc="Journal of Climate"}
89     @string{jfm="Journal of Fluid Mechanics"}
90     @string{jfr="Journal of Foraminiferal Research"}
91     @string{jge="Journal of Geochemical Exploration"}
92     @string{jg="Journal of Geodesy"}
93     @string{jgc="Journal of Geodynamics"}
94     @string{jse="Journal of Geoscience Education"}
95     @string{jm="Journal of Meteorology"}
96     @string{jmr="Journal of Marine Research"}
97     @string{jp="Journal of Paleontology"}
98     @string{jpo="Journal of Physical Oceanography"}
99     @string{jpe="Journal of Physics of the Earth"}
100     @string{jsaes="Journal of South American Earth Sciences"}
101     @string{lm="La Meteorologie"}
102     @string{le="The Leading Edge"}
103     @string{lo="Limnology and Oceanography"}
104     @string{l="Lithos"}
105     @string{mg="Marine Geodesy"}
106     @string{mgr="Marine Geophysical Researches"}
107     @string{ma="Meteorological Applications"}
108     @string{mznf="Meteorologische Zeitschrift-Neue Folge"}
109     @string{map="Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics"}
110     @string{mitr="MIT Report"}
111     @string{mwr="Monthly Weather Review"}
112     @string{n="Nature"}
113     @string{olr="Oceanographic Literature Review"}
114     @string{oa="Oceanologica Acta"}
115     @string{oly="Oceanology"}
116     @string{o="Oceanus"}
117     @string{pdm="Palaeoclimates : data and modelling"}
118     @string{pio="Palaios"}
119     @string{p="Paleo"}
120     @string{poy="Paleoceanography"}
121     @string{prl="Physical Review Letters"}
122     @string{pcea="Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A"}
123     @string{pceb="Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B"}
124     @string{pcec="Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C"}
125     @string{po="Progress in Oceanography"}
126     @string{pag="Pure and Applied Geophysics"}
127     @string{qjrms="Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society"}
128     @string{qr="Quaternary Research"}
129     @string{qsr="Quaternary Science Reviews"}
130     @string{r="Radiocarbon"}
131     @string{rg="Reviews of Geophysics"}
132     @string{rmsqj="Royal Meteorological Society, Quarterly Journal"}
133     @string{rmh="Russian Meteorology and Hydrology"}
134     @string{s="Science"}
135     @string{sm="Senckenbergiana Maritima"}
136     @string{agfb="Societe geologique de France, Bulletin"}
137     @string{sd="Storm Data"}
138     @string{sg="Surveys In Geophysics"}
139     @string{ta="Tellus, Series A"}
140     @string{tb="Tellus, Series B"}
141     @string{t="Tellus"}
142     @string{tac="Theoretical and Applied Climatology"}
143     @string{w="Weather"}
144     @string{wf="Weather and Forecasting"}
145     @string{ww="Weatherwise"}
146     @string{whc="Woods Hole Currents"}
147     @string{wmob="World Meteorological Organization Bulletin (WMO Bulletin)"}
148     @string{zdgg="Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft"}
149    
150    
151     @BOOK{thesis,
152     AUTHOR = {B. Fox-Kemper},
153     TITLE = {{Friction and Eddies: Removal of Vorticity from the Wind-Driven Gyre}},
154     YEAR = {{2003}},
155     PAGES = 310,
156     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis. MIT/WHOI, 2003-06}}
157     }
158    
159     @ARTICLE{fope04,
160     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and J. Pedlosky",
161     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Barotropic Gyre {I}: Circulation Control by Eddy Vorticity Fluxes to a Region of Enhanced Removal",
162     JOURNAL =jmr,
163     VOLUME ="62",
164     NUMBER ="2",
165     PAGE ="169-193",
166     YEAR ="2004"}
167    
168     @ARTICLE{fo04sg,
169     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper}",
170     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Barotropic Gyre {II}: Effects of eddies and low interior viscosity",
171     JOURNAL =jmr,
172     VOLUME ="62",
173     NUMBER ="2",
174     PAGE ="195-232",
175     YEAR ="2004"}
176    
177 edhill 1.2 @ARTICLE{fo05mg,
178 edhill 1.1 AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper}",
179     TITLE ="Reevaluating the roles of eddies in multiple barotropic wind-driven gyres",
180     JOURNAL =jpo,
181 edhill 1.2 VOLUME ="35",
182     NUMBER ="7",
183     PAGE ="1263-1278",
184 edhill 1.1 YEAR ="2004"}
185    
186     @ARTICLE{fofepe03,
187     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and R. Ferrari and J. Pedlosky",
188     TITLE ="On the Indeterminacy of Rotational and Divergent Eddy Fluxes",
189     JOURNAL =jpo,
190     VOLUME ="33",
191     NUMBER ="2",
192     PAGES ="478-483",
193     YEAR ="2003"}
194    
195     @ARTICLE{gemc90,
196     AUTHOR ="P. R. Gent and J. C. {McWilliams}",
197     TITLE ="Isopycnal Mixing in Ocean Circulation Models",
198     JOURNAL =jpo,
199     VOLUME ="20",
200     PAGES ="150-155",
201     YEAR ="1990"}
202    
203     @ARTICLE{gemc96,
204     AUTHOR ="P. R. Gent and J. C. {McWilliams}",
205     TITLE ="Eliassen-Palm Fluxes and the Momentum Equation in Non-Eddy-Resolving Ocean Circulation Models",
206     JOURNAL =jpo,
207     VOLUME ="26",
208     PAGES ="2539-2546",
209     YEAR ="1996"}
210    
211     @ARTICLE{geetal95,
212     AUTHOR ="P. R. Gent and J. Willebrand and T. J. {McDougall} and J. C. {McWilliams}",
213     TITLE ="Parameterizing Eddy-Induced Tracer Transports in Ocean Circulation Models",
214     JOURNAL =jpo,
215     VOLUME ="25",
216     PAGES ="463-474",
217     YEAR ="1995"}
218    
219    
220     @ARTICLE{fepl03,
221     AUTHOR ="R. Ferrari and R. A. Plumb",
222     TITLE ="Residual Circulation in the Ocean",
223     JOURNAL ="Proceedings of the 13th 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop",
224     VOLUME ="13",
225     PAGES ="219-228",
226     YEAR ="2003"}
227    
228     @ARTICLE{PlumbFerrari05,
229     AUTHOR ="R. A. Plumb and R. Ferrari",
230     TITLE ="Transformed Eulerian-Mean Theory. {Part I: N}onquasigeostrophic Theory for Eddies on a Zonal-Mean Flow",
231     JOURNAL =jpo,
232     VOLUME ="35",
233     PAGES ="165-174",
234     YEAR ="2005"}
235    
236     @ARTICLE{Kuoetal05,
237     AUTHOR = "A. Kuo, A. Plumb, and J. Marshall",
238     TITLE ="Transformed Eulerian-Mean Theory. {Part I: N}onquasigeostrophic Theory for Eddies on a Zonal-Mean Flow",
239     JOURNAL =jpo,
240     VOLUME ="35",
241     PAGES ="175-187",
242     YEAR ="2005"
243     }
244    
245    
246 edhill 1.2 @UNPUBLISHED{fofe06,
247 edhill 1.1 AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and R. Ferrari",
248     TITLE ="A Residual Mean {Parsons-Veronis} Model",
249     NOTE ="In preparation",
250     YEAR ="2005"}
251    
252 edhill 1.2 @UNPUBLISHED{fona06,
253 edhill 1.1 AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and B. Nadiga",
254 edhill 1.2 TITLE ="Interpretation and Coarse-Resolution Modeling of Counter-Rotating Gyres",
255 edhill 1.1 NOTE ="In preparation",
256 edhill 1.2 YEAR ="2006"}
257 edhill 1.1
258     @UNPUBLISHED{fova05,
259     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and G. K. Vallis",
260     TITLE ="Eddying and Non-eddying Models with a Bulk Mixed Layer and Nearly Adiabatic Interior",
261     NOTE ="In preparation",
262     YEAR ="2005"}
263    
264 edhill 1.2 @UNPUBLISHED{fome06,
265     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and D. Menemenlis",
266     TITLE ="Comparing and Properly Implementing {Smagorinsky} and {Leith} Nonlinear Viscosities",
267     NOTE ="In preparation",
268     YEAR ="2006"}
269    
270     @UNPUBLISHED{hafo06,
271 edhill 1.1 AUTHOR ="R. W. Hallberg and B. {Fox-Kemper}",
272 edhill 1.2 TITLE ="On Bounding {Coriolis} Errors in Shallow-water Models",
273 edhill 1.1 NOTE ="In preparation",
274     YEAR ="2005"}
275    
276 edhill 1.2 @UNPUBLISHED{bofefo05,
277     AUTHOR ="G. Boccaletti and R. Ferrari and B. {Fox-Kemper}",
278     TITLE ="Mixed Layer Instabilities and Parameterization",
279     NOTE ="Submitted",
280     YEAR ="2005"}
281    
282     @UNPUBLISHED{fo06,
283     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper}",
284     TITLE ="Eddy Fluxes of Multiple Tracers",
285     NOTE ="In preparation",
286     YEAR ="2006"}
287    
288     @UNPUBLISHED{fofe06cpt,
289     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and R. Ferrari",
290     TITLE ="Mixed Layer Mesoscale Eddy Interaction",
291     NOTE ="In preparation",
292     YEAR ="2006"}
293    
294     @UNPUBLISHED{fofeha06,
295     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and R. Ferrari and R. W. Hallberg",
296     TITLE ="Parameterizing Mixed Layer Eddies",
297     NOTE ="In preparation",
298     YEAR ="2006"}
299    
300    
301 edhill 1.1 @UNPUBLISHED{ha03,
302     AUTHOR ="R. W. Hallberg",
303     TITLE ="The suitability of large-scale ocean models for adapting parameterizations of boundary mixing and a description of a refined bulk mixed layer model",
304     JOURNAL ="Proceedings of the 2003 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop",
305     NOTE ="In press",
306     YEAR ="2003"}
307    
308     @BOOK{ha76,
309     AUTHOR = {Haidvogel, Dale B.},
310     TITLE = {{The sensitivity and predictability of mesoscale eddies in an idealized model ocean}},
311     PAGES = 245,
312     YEAR = 1976,
313     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology}}
314     }
315    
316     @ARTICLE{arfl03a,
317     AUTHOR ="Brian K. Arbic and Glenn R. Flierl",
318     TITLE ="Coherent vortices and kinetic energy ribbons in asymptotic, quasi
319     two-dimensional f-plane turbulence",
320     JOURNAL ="Physics of Fluids",
321     NOTE ="In press",
322     YEAR ="2003"}
323    
324     @ARTICLE{vasccadi02,
325     AUTHOR ="Paul C. F. {van der Vaart} and Henk M. Schuttelaars and Daniel Calvete and Henk. A Dijkstra",
326     TITLE ="Instability of time-dependent wind-driven ocean gyres",
327     JOURNAL ="Physics of Fluids",
328     VOLUME ="14",
329     NUMBER ="10",
330     PAGE ="3601-3615",
331     YEAR ="2002"}
332    
333     @ARTICLE{dika97,
334     AUTHOR ="Henk. A Dijkstra and C. A. Katsman",
335     TITLE ="Temporal Variability of the Wind-Driven Quasi-Geostrophic Double Gyre Ocean Circulation{: B}asic Bifurcation Diagrams",
336     JOURNAL =gafd,
337     VOLUME ="85",
338     NUMBER ="3-4",
339     PAGE ="195-232",
340     YEAR ="1997"}
341    
342     @ARTICLE{mo65,
343     AUTHOR ="G. E. Moore",
344     TITLE ="Cramming more components onto integrated circuits",
345     JOURNAL ="Electronics",
346     VOLUME ="38",
347     NUMBER ="8",
348     PAGE ="114-117",
349     YEAR ="1965"}
350    
351     @ARTICLE{spdigh95,
352     AUTHOR ="S. Speich and Henk. A Dijkstra and M. Ghil",
353     TITLE ="Successive bifurcations in a shallow-water model applied to the wind-drive ocean circulation",
354     JOURNAL ="Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics",
355     VOLUME ="2",
356     PAGE ="241-268",
357     YEAR ="1995"}
358    
359     @ARTICLE{cowi01,
360     AUTHOR ="C. Coulliette and S. Wiggins",
361     TITLE ="Intergyre Transport in a wind-driven, quasigeostropic double gyre: An application of lobe dynamics",
362     JOURNAL ="Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics",
363     VOLUME ="8",
364     PAGE ="69-94",
365     YEAR ="2001"}
366    
367     @ARTICLE{jijigh95,
368     AUTHOR ="Shi Jiang and {Fei-Fei} Jin and M. Ghil",
369     TITLE ="Multiple Equilibria, Periodic, and Aperiodic Solutions in a Wind-Driven, Double-gyre, Shallow-Water Model",
370     JOURNAL =jpo,
371     VOLUME ="25",
372     PAGE ="764-786",
373     YEAR ="1995"}
374    
375     @ARTICLE{Tretal97,
376     AUTHOR ="A. M. Treguier and I. M. Held and V. D. Larichev",
377     TITLE ="Parameterization of Quasigeostrophic Eddies in Primitive Equation Ocean Models",
378     JOURNAL =jpo,
379     VOLUME ="27",
380     PAGE ="567-580",
381     YEAR ="1997"}
382    
383     @ARTICLE{na93,
384     AUTHOR ="N. Nakamura",
385     TITLE ="An Illustrative Model of Instabilities in Meridionally and Vertically Sheared Flows",
386     JOURNAL =jpo,
387     VOLUME ="50",
388     PAGE ="357-786",
389     YEAR ="1993"}
390    
391     @ARTICLE{hamcge92,
392     AUTHOR ="D. B. Haidvogel and J. C. {McWilliams} and P. R. Gent",
393     TITLE ="Boundary Current Separation in a Quasigeostrophic, Eddy-resolving Ocean Circulation Model",
394     JOURNAL =jpo,
395     VOLUME ="22",
396     PAGE ="882-902",
397     YEAR ="1992"}
398    
399     @ARTICLE{chghidla02,
400     AUTHOR ="Kyung-Il Chang and Michael Ghil and Kayo Ide and Chung-Chieng Aaron Lai",
401     TITLE ="Transition to Aperiodic Variability in a Wind-Driven Double-Gyre Circulation Model",
402     JOURNAL =jpo,
403     VOLUME ="31",
404     PAGE ="1260-1286",
405     YEAR ="2001"}
406    
407     @ARTICLE{ghfesu02,
408     AUTHOR ="M. Ghil and Y. Feliks and L. U. Sushama",
409     TITLE ="Baroclinic and barotropic aspects of wind-driven ocean circulation",
410     JOURNAL ="Physica D",
411     VOLUME ="167",
412     PAGE ="1-35",
413     YEAR ="2002"}
414    
415     @ARTICLE{arfl03b,
416     AUTHOR ="Brian K. Arbic and Glenn R. Flierl",
417     TITLE ="Baroclinically unstable geostrophic turbulence in the limits of strong and weak Ekman friction: Application to mid-ocean eddies",
418     JOURNAL =jpo,
419     NOTE ="Submitted",
420     YEAR ="2003"}
421    
422     @ARTICLE{hamc87,
423     AUTHOR ="P. Haynes and M. E. {McIntyre}",
424     TITLE ="On the Evolution of Vorticity and Potential Vorticity in the Presence of Diabatic Heating and Frictional or other Forces",
425     JOURNAL =jas,
426     VOLUME ="44",
427     PAGES ="828-841",
428     YEAR ="1987"}
429    
430     @ARTICLE{el69,
431     AUTHOR ="A. Eliassen",
432     TITLE ="Theory of planetary wave-zonal flow interaction",
433     JOURNAL =jas,
434     VOLUME ="26",
435     PAGES ="73-81",
436     YEAR ="1969"}
437    
438     @ARTICLE{el68,
439     AUTHOR ="A. Eliassen",
440     TITLE ="On mesoscale mountain waves on the rotating Earth",
441     JOURNAL ="Geofys. Publ.",
442     VOLUME ="27",
443     NUMBER ="6",
444     PAGES ="1-15",
445     YEAR ="1968"}
446    
447     @ARTICLE{elpa61,
448     AUTHOR ="A. Eliassen and E. Palm",
449     TITLE ="On the transfer of energy in stational mountain waves",
450     JOURNAL ="Geofys. Publ.",
451     VOLUME ="22",
452     NUMBER ="3",
453     PAGES ="1-23",
454     YEAR ="1961"}
455    
456     @ARTICLE{anmc76a,
457     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
458     TITLE ="Planetary Waves in horizontal and vertical shear; the generalized {Eliassen-Palm} relation and the mean zonal acceleration",
459     JOURNAL =jas,
460     VOLUME ="33",
461     PAGES ="2031-2048",
462     YEAR ="1976"}
463    
464     @ARTICLE{anmc76b,
465     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
466     TITLE ="Planetary waves in horizontal and vertical shear; asymptotic theory for equatorial waves in weak shear",
467     JOURNAL =jas,
468     VOLUME ="33",
469     PAGES ="2049-2053",
470     YEAR ="1976"}
471    
472     @ARTICLE{anmc78a,
473     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
474     TITLE ="Generalized {Eliassen-Palm} and {Charney-Drazin} theorems for waves on axisymmetric flows in compressible atmospheres",
475     JOURNAL =jas,
476     VOLUME ="35",
477     PAGES ="175-185",
478     YEAR ="1978"}
479    
480     @ARTICLE{anmc78b,
481     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
482     TITLE ="An exact theory of nonlinear waves on a {Lagrangian-mean} flow",
483     JOURNAL =jfm,
484     VOLUME ="89",
485     PAGES ="609-646",
486     YEAR ="1978"}
487    
488     @ARTICLE{anmc78c,
489     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
490     TITLE ="On wave-action and its relatives",
491     JOURNAL =jfm,
492     VOLUME ="89",
493     PAGES ="647-664",
494     YEAR ="1978"}
495    
496     @ARTICLE{mcmc96a,
497     AUTHOR ="T. J. {McDougall} and P. C. {McIntosh}",
498     TITLE ="The Temporal-Residual Mean Velocity. {Part I: Derivation} and the Scalar Conservation Equations",
499     JOURNAL =jpo,
500     VOLUME ="26",
501     PAGES ="2653-2665",
502     YEAR ="1996"}
503    
504     @ARTICLE{mcmc01,
505     AUTHOR ="T. J. {McDougall} and P. C. {McIntosh}",
506     TITLE ="The Temporal-Residual-Mean Velocity. {Part II: Isopycnal} Interpretation and the Tracer and Momentum Equations",
507     JOURNAL =jpo,
508     VOLUME ="31",
509     PAGES ="1222-1246",
510     YEAR ="2001"}
511    
512     @ARTICLE{mcmc96b,
513     AUTHOR ="P. C. {McIntosh} and T. J. {McDougall}",
514     TITLE ="Isopycnal Averaging and the Residual Mean Circulation",
515     JOURNAL =jpo,
516     VOLUME ="26",
517     PAGES ="1655-1660",
518     YEAR ="1996"}
519    
520     @ARTICLE{th82,
521     AUTHOR ="D. J. Thomson",
522     TITLE ="Spectral estimation and harmonic analysis",
523     JOURNAL ="Proc. IEEE",
524     VOLUME ="70",
525     PAGES ="1055-1092",
526     YEAR ="1982"}
527    
528     @ARTICLE{ladamcgebr01,
529     AUTHOR ="W. G. Large and G. Danabasoglu and J. C. {McWilliams} and P. R. Gent and F. O. Bryan",
530     TITLE ="Equatorial Circulation of a Global Ocean Climate Model with Anisotropic Horizontal Viscosity",
531     JOURNAL =jpo,
532     VOLUME ="31",
533     PAGES ="518-536",
534     YEAR ="2001"}
535    
536     @ARTICLE{wuro85,
537     AUTHOR ="C. Wunsch and D. Roemmich",
538     TITLE ="Is the {North Atlantic} in {Sverdrup} balance?",
539     JOURNAL =jpo,
540     VOLUME ="15",
541     PAGES ="1876-1880",
542     YEAR ="1985"}
543    
544     @ARTICLE{grha00,
545     AUTHOR ="S. M. Griffies and R. W. Hallberg",
546     TITLE ="Biharmonic Friction with a {Smagorinsky-like} Viscosity for Use in Large-Scale Eddy-Permitting Ocean Models",
547     JOURNAL =mwr,
548     VOLUME ="128",
549     NUMBER ="8",
550     PAGES ="2935-2946",
551     YEAR ="2000"}
552    
553     @INCOLLECTION{Smagorinsky93,
554     AUTHOR ="J. Smagorinsky",
555     Title = "Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows",
556     Booktitle = "Evolution of Physical Oceanography",
557     Editor = "B. Galperin and S. A. Orszag",
558     Publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
559     Year = "1993",
560     Pages = "3-36" }
561    
562     @ARTICLE{Leith96,
563     AUTHOR ="C. E. Leith",
564     Title = "Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows",
565     JOURNAL ="Physica D.",
566     Year = "1996",
567     VOLUME ="98",
568     Pages = "481-491" }
569    
570     @ARTICLE{Leith68,
571     AUTHOR ="C. E. Leith",
572     Title = "Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows",
573     JOURNAL ="Physics of Fluids",
574     Year = "1968",
575     Volume = "10",
576     Pages = "1409-1416" }
577    
578     @ARTICLE{Bryanetal75,
579     AUTHOR ="Bryan, K. and S. Manabe and R. C. Pacanowski",
580     TITLE ="A global ocean-atmosphere climate model. {Part II. T}he oceanic circulation",
581     JOURNAL =jpo,
582     VOLUME ="5",
583     PAGES ="30-46",
584     YEAR ="1975"}
585    
586     @ARTICLE{re82,
587     AUTHOR ="M. H. Redi",
588     TITLE ="Oceanic isopycnal mixing by coordinate rotation",
589     JOURNAL =jpo,
590     VOLUME ="12",
591     PAGES ="1154-1158",
592     YEAR ="1982"}
593    
594     @ARTICLE{gr98,
595     AUTHOR ="S. M. Griffies",
596     TITLE ="The {Gent-McWilliams} Skew Flux",
597     JOURNAL =jpo,
598     VOLUME ="28",
599     PAGES ="831-841",
600     YEAR ="1998"}
601    
602     @ARTICLE{sa04,
603     AUTHOR ="R. Salmon",
604     TITLE ="Poisson-Bracket Approach to the Construction of Energy- and Potential-Enstrophy-Conserving Algorithms for the Shallow-Water Equations",
605     JOURNAL =jpo,
606     VOLUME ="61",
607     PAGES ="2016-2036",
608     YEAR ="2004"}
609    
610     @TECHREPORT{suta95,
611     AUTHOR ="Max J. Suarez and Lawrence L. Takacs",
612     TITLE ="Documentation of the {ARIES/GEOS} Dynamical Core: Version 2",
613     TYPE ="{NASA} Technical Memorandum 104606, {Vol.} 5",
614     INSTITUTION="NASA Goddard Space Flight Center",
615     ADDRESS ="Greenbelt, Maryland",
616     YEAR ="1995"}
617    
618     @ARTICLE{arhs90,
619     AUTHOR ="A. Arakawa and {Y.-J.} G. Hsu",
620     TITLE ="Energy conserving and potential-enstrophy dissipating schemes for the shallow-water equations",
621     JOURNAL =mwr,
622     VOLUME ="118",
623     PAGES ="1960-1969",
624     YEAR ="1990"}
625    
626     @ARTICLE{arla81,
627     AUTHOR ="A. Arakawa and V. R. Lamb",
628     TITLE ="A Potential Enstrophy and Energy Conserving Scheme for the Shallow Water Equations",
629     JOURNAL =mwr,
630     VOLUME ="109",
631     PAGES ="18-36",
632     YEAR ="1981"}
633    
634     @ARTICLE{sm63,
635     AUTHOR ="J. Smagorinsky",
636     TITLE ="General Circulation Experiments with the Primitive Equations {I}: The Basic Experiment",
637     JOURNAL =mwr,
638     VOLUME ="91",
639     NUMBER ="3",
640     PAGES ="99-164",
641     YEAR ="1963"}
642    
643     @ARTICLE{he63,
644     AUTHOR ="J. R. Herring",
645     TITLE ="Investigation of problems in thermal convection",
646     JOURNAL =jas,
647     VOLUME ="20",
648     PAGES ="325-338",
649     YEAR ="1963"}
650    
651     @ARTICLE{arfl03c,
652     AUTHOR ="Brian K. Arbic and Glenn R. Flierl",
653     TITLE ="Effects of mean flow direction on energy, isotropy, and coherence of baroclinically unstable beta-plane geostrophic turbulence",
654     NOTE ="Submitted",
655     JOURNAL =jpo,
656     YEAR ="2003"}
657    
658     @techreport{etopo,
659     AUTHOR ="ETOPO5 Topographic Maps",
660     TITLE ="Data Announcement 88-MGG-02, Digital relief of the Surface of the {Earth}",
661     INSTITUTION ="NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center",
662     YEAR ="1988",
663     ADDRESS ="Boulder, Colorado"}
664    
665     @INPROCEEDINGS{mcmoya01,
666     AUTHOR ="J. C. {McWilliams} and M. J. Molemaker and I. Yavneh",
667     TITLE ="From stirring to mixing of momentum: Cascades from balanced flows to dissipation in the oceanic interior",
668     BOOKTITLE ={{'Aha Huliko'a Proceedings}},
669     EDITOR ="P. Miller and D. Henderson",
670     PUBLISHER ="{SOEST} Special Publication",
671     ADDRESS ="Manoa, Hawaii",
672     PAGES ="59-66",
673     YEAR ="2001"}
674    
675     @INPROCEEDINGS{co01,
676     AUTHOR = {S. J. Cowley},
677     TITLE = {Laminar Boundary-Layer Theory: A 20th Century Paradox?},
678     BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of ICTAM 2000},
679     YEAR = {2001},
680     EDITOR = {H. Aref and J. W. Phillips},
681     PAGES = {389-411},
682     PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
683     ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}
684     }
685    
686     @ARTICLE{grna99,
687     AUTHOR ="R. J. Greatbatch and B. T. Nadiga",
688     TITLE ="Four-Gyre Circulation in a Barotropic Model with Double-Gyre Wind Forcing",
689     JOURNAL =jpo,
690     VOLUME ="30",
691     NUMBER ="6",
692     PAGES ="1461-1471",
693     YEAR ="1999"}
694    
695     @ARTICLE{grmc03,
696     AUTHOR ="R. J. Greatbatch and Trevor J. McDougall",
697     TITLE ="The Non-Boussinesq Temporal Residual Mean",
698     JOURNAL =jpo,
699     VOLUME ="33",
700     NUMBER ="6",
701     PAGES ="1231-1239",
702     YEAR ="2003"}
703    
704    
705     @ARTICLE{ha03b,
706     AUTHOR ="E. Hagen",
707     TITLE ="Planetary {Rossby} Waves in the {Northeast Atlantic Ocean}?",
708     JOURNAL ="Eos. Trans. AGU",
709     VOLUME ="84",
710     NUMBER ="52",
711     PAGES ="{Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl.}, Abstract OS22L-05",
712     YEAR ="2003"}
713    
714     @INPROCEEDINGS{ha03,
715     AUTHOR ="E. Hagen",
716     TITLE ="Baroclinic {Rossby} Waves in the {Northeast} {Atlantic} {Ocean}?",
717     BOOKTITLE ="Beitr{\"a}ge zur Klima- und Meeresforschung, Aus Anlass des 70. Geburtstages von Peter Hupfer",
718     EDITOR ="F. M. Chmielewski and T. Foken",
719     ADDRESS ="Berlin, Bayreuth",
720     PUBLISHER ="Selbstverlag",
721     PAGES ="149-158",
722     YEAR ="2003"}
723    
724     @ARTICLE{hona03,
725     AUTHOR ="D. D. Holm and B. T. Nadiga",
726     TITLE ="Modeling Mesoscale Turbulence in the Barotropic Double Gyre Circulation",
727     JOURNAL =jpo,
728     VOLUME ="33",
729     PAGES ="2355-2365",
730     YEAR ="2003"}
731    
732     @ARTICLE{nama01,
733     AUTHOR ="B. T. Nadiga and L. G. Margolin",
734     TITLE ="Dispersive-Dissipative Eddy Parameterization in a Barotropic Model",
735     JOURNAL =jpo,
736     VOLUME ="31",
737     PAGES ="2525-2531",
738     YEAR ="2001"}
739    
740     @ARTICLE{caho93,
741     AUTHOR ="R. Camassa and D. D. Holm",
742     TITLE ="An Integrable Shallow Water Equation with Peaked Solitons",
743     JOURNAL =prl,
744     VOLUME ="71",
745     NUMBER ="11",
746     PAGES ="1661-1664",
747     YEAR ="1993"}
748    
749     @ARTICLE{lhgi67,
750     AUTHOR ="M. S. {Longuet-Higgins} and A. E. Gill",
751     TITLE ="A Discussion on Nonlinear Theory of Wave Propation in Dispersive Systems",
752     JOURNAL ="Proc. Roy. Soc. A",
753     VOLUME ="299",
754     PAGES ="120-140",
755     YEAR ="1967"}
756    
757     @ARTICLE{ra1880,
758     AUTHOR ="Lord Rayleigh",
759     TITLE ="On the stability, or instability, of certain fluid motions",
760     JOURNAL ="Proc. London Math. Soc.",
761     VOLUME ="11",
762     PAGES ="57-70",
763     YEAR ="1880"}
764    
765     @ARTICLE{sq33,
766     AUTHOR ="H. M. Squire",
767     TITLE ="On the stability of three-dimensional disturbances of viscous flow between parallel walls",
768     JOURNAL ="Proc. Roy. Soc. A",
769     VOLUME ="142",
770     PAGES ="621-628",
771     YEAR ="1933"}
772    
773     @ARTICLE{kuo49,
774     AUTHOR ="{Hsiao-Lan} Kuo",
775     TITLE ="Dynamic Instability of Two-Dimensional Nondivergent Flow in a Barotropic Atmosphere",
776     JOURNAL ="Journal of Meteorology",
777     VOLUME ="6",
778     PAGES ="105-122",
779     YEAR ="1949"}
780    
781     @ARTICLE{le34,
782     AUTHOR ="J. Leray",
783     TITLE ="Sur le mouvement d'un fluide visqueux emplissant l'espace",
784     JOURNAL ="Acta Math.",
785     VOLUME ="63",
786     PAGES ="193-248",
787     YEAR ="1934"}
788    
789     @ARTICLE{homara98,
790     AUTHOR ="D. D. Holm and J. E. Marsden and T. S. Ratiu",
791     TITLE ="Euler-{P}oincar{\'e} equations and semidirect products with applications to continuum theories",
792     JOURNAL ="Advances in Mathematics",
793     VOLUME ="137",
794     PAGES ="1-81",
795     YEAR ="1998"}
796    
797     @ARTICLE{mash03,
798     AUTHOR ="J. E. Marsden and S. Shkoller",
799     TITLE ="The Anisotropic Lagrangian Averaged Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations",
800     JOURNAL ="Arch. Rational Mech. Anal.",
801     VOLUME ="166",
802     PAGES ="27-46",
803     YEAR ="2003"}
804    
805     @ARTICLE{ho94,
806     AUTHOR ="N. G. Hogg",
807     TITLE ="Observations of Gulf Stream Meander-Induced Disturbances",
808     JOURNAL =jpo,
809     VOLUME ="24",
810     PAGES ="2534-2546",
811     YEAR ="1994"}
812    
813     @ARTICLE{rosppi88,
814     AUTHOR ="A. R. Robinson and M. A. Spall and N. Pinardi",
815     TITLE ="Gulf Stream Simulations and the Dynamics of Ring and Meander Processes",
816     JOURNAL =jpo,
817     VOLUME ="18",
818     PAGES ="1811-1854",
819     YEAR ="1988"}
820    
821     @ARTICLE{spro90,
822     AUTHOR ="M. A. Spall and A. R. Robinson",
823     TITLE ="Regional Primitive Equation Studies of the Gulf Stream Meander and Ring Formation Region",
824     JOURNAL =jpo,
825     VOLUME ="20",
826     PAGES ="985-1016",
827     YEAR ="1990"}
828    
829     @ARTICLE{colefa94,
830     AUTHOR ="L. Cornillon and T. Lee and G. Fall",
831     TITLE ="On the Probability that a Gulf Stream Meander Crest Detaches to Form a Warm Core Ring",
832     JOURNAL =jpo,
833     VOLUME ="24",
834     PAGES ="159-171",
835     YEAR ="1994"}
836    
837     @ARTICLE{muvawa97,
838     AUTHOR ="M. D. Mundt and G. K. Vallis and J. Wang",
839     TITLE ="Balanced Models and Dynamics fo the Large- and Mesoscale Circulation",
840     JOURNAL =jpo,
841     VOLUME ="27",
842     PAGES ="1133-1152",
843     YEAR ="1997"}
844    
845     @ARTICLE{bapi01,
846     AUTHOR ="N. J. Balmforth and C. Piccolo",
847     TITLE ="The Onset of Meandering in a Barotropic Jet",
848     JOURNAL =jfm,
849     VOLUME ="449",
850     PAGES ="85-114",
851     YEAR ="2001"}
852    
853     @ARTICLE{paprba01,
854     AUTHOR ="C. Pasquero and A. Provenzale and A. Babiano",
855     TITLE ="Parameterization of dispersion in two-dimensional turbulence",
856     JOURNAL =jfm,
857     VOLUME ="439",
858     PAGES ="279-303",
859     YEAR ="2001"}
860    
861     @ARTICLE{jodesp02,
862     AUTHOR ="Joyce, T.M. and C. Deser and M.A. Spall",
863     TITLE ="The relation between decadal variability of subtropical mode water and the {North Atlantic Oscillation}",
864     JOURNAL =jc,
865     VOLUME ="13",
866     PAGES ="2550-2569",
867     YEAR ="2002"}
868    
869     @ARTICLE{beholu93,
870     AUTHOR ="Gal Berkooz and Philip Holmes and John L. Lumley",
871     TITLE ="The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition in the Analysis of Turbulent Flows",
872     JOURNAL =arfm,
873     VOLUME ="25",
874     PAGES ="539-575",
875     YEAR ="1993"}
876    
877     @ARTICLE{vepr91,
878     AUTHOR ="J. Verron and C. {le Provost}",
879     TITLE ="Response of eddy-resolved general circulation numerical models to asymmetrical wind forcing",
880     JOURNAL =dao,
881     VOLUME ="15",
882     PAGES ="505-533",
883     YEAR ="1991"}
884    
885     @ARTICLE{mo87,
886     AUTHOR ="Boris Moro",
887     TITLE ="On the inertial motion of a homogeneous ocean",
888     JOURNAL =dao,
889     VOLUME ="11",
890     PAGES ="1-17",
891     YEAR ="1987"}
892    
893     @ARTICLE{mo88,
894     AUTHOR ="Boris Moro",
895     TITLE ="On the nonlinear {Munk} model. {I. S}teady Flows",
896     JOURNAL =dao,
897     VOLUME ="12",
898     PAGES ="259-287",
899     YEAR ="1988"}
900    
901     @ARTICLE{mo90,
902     AUTHOR ="Boris Moro",
903     TITLE ="On the nonlinear {Munk} model. {II. S}tability",
904     JOURNAL =dao,
905     VOLUME ="14",
906     PAGES ="203-227",
907     YEAR ="1990"}
908    
909     @ARTICLE{tohuho00,
910     AUTHOR ="T. L. Townsend and H. E. Hurlburt and P. J. Hogan",
911     TITLE ="Modeled {Sverdrup} flow in the {North Atlantic} from 11 different wind stress climatologies",
912     JOURNAL =dao,
913     VOLUME ="32",
914     PAGES ="373-417",
915     YEAR ="2000"}
916    
917     @ARTICLE{prve87,
918     AUTHOR ="C. {Le Provost} and J. Verron",
919     TITLE ="Wind-driven Ocean Circulation Transition to Barotropic Instability",
920     JOURNAL =dao,
921     VOLUME ="11",
922     PAGES ="175-201",
923     YEAR ="1987"}
924    
925     @ARTICLE{wu97,
926     AUTHOR ="Carl Wunsch",
927     TITLE ="The vertical partition of oceanic horizontal kinetic energy",
928     JOURNAL =jpo,
929     VOLUME ="27",
930     PAGES ="1770-1794",
931     YEAR ="1997"}
932    
933     @ARTICLE{ilka64,
934     AUTHOR ="A. M. Il'in and V. M. Kamenkovich",
935     TITLE ="The structure of the boundary layer in a two-dimensional model of ocean currents",
936     JOURNAL ="Okeanologiya",
937     VOLUME ="4",
938     PAGES ="756-769",
939     YEAR ="1964",
940     NOTE ="In Russian"}
941    
942     @ARTICLE{ka66,
943     AUTHOR ="V. M. Kamenkovich",
944     TITLE ="A contribution to the theory of the inerial-viscous boundary layer in a two-dimensional model of ocean currents",
945     JOURNAL ="Isvestiya",
946     PAGES ="781-792",
947     YEAR ="1966"}
948    
949     @ARTICLE{ta21,
950     AUTHOR ="G. I. Taylor",
951     TITLE ="Diffusion by Continuous movements",
952     JOURNAL =plms,
953     VOLUME ="20",
954     PAGES ="196-212",
955     YEAR ="1921"}
956    
957     @BOOK{telu72,
958     AUTHOR ="Hendrik Tennekes and John L. Lumley",
959     TITLE ="A First Course in Turbulence",
960     PUBLISHER ="MIT Press",
961     ADDRESS ="Cambridge",
962     PAGES ="300",
963     YEAR ="1972"}
964    
965     @BOOK{anhole87,
966     AUTHOR ="David G. Andrews and James R. Holton and Conway B. Leovy",
967     TITLE ="Middle Atmosphere Dynamics",
968     PUBLISHER ="Academic Press",
969     ADDRESS ="San Diego",
970     PAGES ="489",
971     YEAR ="1987"}
972    
973     @BOOK{jo86,
974     AUTHOR ="I. T. Joliffe",
975     TITLE ="Principal Component Analysis",
976     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
977     ADDRESS ="New York",
978     PAGES ="271",
979     YEAR ="1986"}
980    
981     @BOOK{drre81,
982     AUTHOR ="P. G. Drazin and W. H. Reid",
983     TITLE ="Hydrodynamic Stability",
984     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
985     ADDRESS ="Cambridge",
986     PAGES ="527",
987     YEAR ="1981"}
988    
989     @BOOK{lamb,
990     AUTHOR ="Horace Lamb",
991     TITLE ="Hydrodynamics",
992     PUBLISHER ="Dover Publications",
993     ADDRESS ="New York",
994     PAGES ="737",
995     EDITION ="6th",
996     YEAR ="1932"}
997    
998     @ARTICLE{mast98,
999     AUTHOR ="D. P. Marshall and J. C. Stephens",
1000     TITLE ="On the insensitivity of the wind-driven circulation to bottom topography",
1001     JOURNAL =jmr,
1002     VOLUME ="59",
1003     PAGES ="1-27",
1004     YEAR ="1998"}
1005    
1006     @ARTICLE{grve98,
1007     AUTHOR ="R. W. Griffiths and George Veronis",
1008     TITLE ="Linear theory of the effect of a sloping boundary on circulation in a homogeneous laboratory model",
1009     JOURNAL =jmr,
1010     VOLUME ="56",
1011     PAGES ="75-86",
1012     YEAR ="1998"}
1013    
1014     @ARTICLE{grve97,
1015     AUTHOR ="R. W. Griffiths and George Veronis",
1016     TITLE ="A laboratory studey of effects of a sloping side boundary on wind-driven circulation in a homogeneous ocean model",
1017     JOURNAL =jmr,
1018     VOLUME ="55",
1019     PAGES ="1103-1126",
1020     YEAR ="1997"}
1021    
1022     @ARTICLE{hudc01,
1023     AUTHOR ="C. W. Hughes and B. A. {de Cuevas}",
1024     TITLE ="Why Western Boundary Currents in Realistic Oceans are Inviscid: A Link between Form Stress and Bottom Pressure Torques",
1025     JOURNAL =jpo,
1026     VOLUME ="31",
1027     PAGES ="2871-2885",
1028     YEAR ="2001"}
1029    
1030     @ARTICLE{hu02,
1031     AUTHOR ="C. W. Hughes",
1032     TITLE ="An extra dimension to mixing",
1033     JOURNAL ="Nature",
1034     VOLUME ="416",
1035     PAGES ="136-139",
1036     YEAR ="2002"}
1037    
1038     @ARTICLE{pa69,
1039     AUTHOR ="Parsons, A. T.",
1040     TITLE ="A two-layer model of Gulf Stream separation",
1041     JOURNAL =jfm,
1042     VOLUME ="39",
1043     PAGES ="511-528",
1044     YEAR ="1969"}
1045    
1046     @ARTICLE{hufl87,
1047     AUTHOR ="Huang, R. X. and Flierl, G. R.",
1048     TITLE ="Two-layer Models for the Thermocline and Current Structure in Subtropical Subpolar Gyres",
1049     JOURNAL =jpo,
1050     VOLUME ="17",
1051     NUMBER ="7",
1052     PAGES ="872-884",
1053     YEAR ="1987"}
1054    
1055     @ARTICLE{hu87a,
1056     AUTHOR ="Huang, R. X.",
1057     TITLE ="A Three-Layer MODEL FOR WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION IN A SUBTROPICAL-SUBPOLAR BASIN {Part I: M}ODEL FORMULATION AND THE SUBCRITICAL STATE",
1058     JOURNAL =jpo,
1059     VOLUME ="17",
1060     PAGES ="664-678",
1061     YEAR ="1987"}
1062    
1063     @ARTICLE{hu87b,
1064     AUTHOR ="Huang, R. X.",
1065     TITLE ="A Three-LAYER MODEL FOR WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION IN A SUBTROPICAL-SUBPOLAR BASIN {Part II:} the Supercritical and Hypercritical States",
1066     JOURNAL =jpo,
1067     VOLUME ="17",
1068     PAGES ="679-697",
1069     YEAR ="1987"}
1070    
1071     @ARTICLE{hu88,
1072     AUTHOR ="Huang, R. X.",
1073     TITLE ="A Three-LAYER MODEL FOR WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION IN A SUBTROPICAL-SUBPOLAR BASIN {Part III: P}otential Vorticity Analysis",
1074     JOURNAL =jpo,
1075     VOLUME ="18",
1076     PAGES ="739-752",
1077     YEAR ="1988"}
1078    
1079     @ARTICLE{hu90,
1080     AUTHOR ="Huang, R. X.",
1081     TITLE ="On the Structure of western boundary currents with two moving layers",
1082     JOURNAL ="Tellus",
1083     VOLUME ="42A",
1084     PAGES ="594-604",
1085     YEAR ="1990"}
1086    
1087     @ARTICLE{vm27,
1088     AUTHOR ="R. Von Mises",
1089     TITLE ="Bemerkungen zur Hydrodynamik",
1090     JOURNAL ="Z. Angew. Math. Mech.",
1091     VOLUME ="7",
1092     PAGES ="425-431",
1093     YEAR ="1927"}
1094    
1095     @ARTICLE{chbl95,
1096     AUTHOR ="E. P. Chassignet and R. Bleck",
1097     TITLE ="The Influence of Layer Outcropping on the Separation of Boundary Currents. {Part I}: The Wind-driven Experiments",
1098     JOURNAL =jpo,
1099     VOLUME ="23",
1100     PAGES ="1485-1507",
1101     YEAR ="1995"}
1102    
1103     @ARTICLE{ve73,
1104     AUTHOR ="G. Veronis",
1105     TITLE ="Model of World Ocean Circulation. {Part I: W}ind-Driven, Two-Layer",
1106     JOURNAL =jmr,
1107     VOLUME ="31",
1108     PAGES ="228-288",
1109     YEAR ="1973"}
1110    
1111     @ARTICLE{nadi01,
1112     AUTHOR ="J. J. Nauw and H. A. Dijkstra",
1113     TITLE ="The origin of low-frequency variability of double-gyre wind-driven flows",
1114     JOURNAL =jmr,
1115     VOLUME ="59",
1116     PAGES ="567-597",
1117     YEAR ="2001"}
1118    
1119     @ARTICLE{ve76,
1120     AUTHOR ="G. Veronis",
1121     TITLE ="Model of World Ocean Circulation. {Part II: T}hermally-Driven, Two-Layer",
1122     JOURNAL =jmr,
1123     VOLUME ="34",
1124     PAGES ="199-216",
1125     YEAR ="1976"}
1126    
1127     @ARTICLE{ve78,
1128     AUTHOR ="G. Veronis",
1129     TITLE ="Model of World Ocean Circulation. {Part III: T}hermally and Wind Driven",
1130     JOURNAL =jmr,
1131     VOLUME ="36",
1132     PAGES ="1-44",
1133     YEAR ="1978"}
1134    
1135     @incollection{ve81,
1136     Author = "Veronis, George",
1137     Title = "Dynamics of large-scale circulation",
1138     Booktitle = "Evolution of Physical Oceanography",
1139     Editor = "C. Wunsch and B. Warren",
1140     Publisher = "MIT Press",
1141     Year = "1981",
1142     Pages = "140--183" }
1143    
1144     @INCOLLECTION{st64,
1145     AUTHOR ="R. W. Stewart",
1146     EDITOR ="Kozo Yoshida",
1147     BOOKTITLE ="Studies on Oceanography: A collection of papers dedicated to Koji Hidaka",
1148     TITLE ="The Influence of Friction on Inertial Models of Oceanic Circulation",
1149     PUBLISHER ="University of Washington Press",
1150     ADDRESS ="Seattle, Washington",
1151     PAGES ="3-9",
1152     YEAR ="1964"}
1153    
1154     @ARTICLE{st89,
1155     AUTHOR ="R. W. Stewart",
1156     TITLE ="The no-slip constraint and ocean models",
1157     JOURNAL =ao,
1158     VOLUME ="27",
1159     PAGES ="542-552",
1160     YEAR ="1989"}
1161    
1162     @ARTICLE{ve66a,
1163     AUTHOR ="George Veronis",
1164     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation--{Part I. L}inear Theory and Perturbation Analysis",
1165     JOURNAL =dsr,
1166     VOLUME ="13",
1167     PAGES ="17-29",
1168     YEAR ="1966"}
1169    
1170     @ARTICLE{ve66b,
1171     AUTHOR ="George Veronis",
1172     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation--{Part II. N}umerical Solution of the Nonlinear Problem",
1173     JOURNAL =dsr,
1174     VOLUME ="13",
1175     PAGES ="30-55",
1176     YEAR ="1966"}
1177    
1178     @ARTICLE{pl82,
1179     AUTHOR ="R. Alan Plumb",
1180     TITLE ="A New Look at the Energy Cycle",
1181     JOURNAL =jas,
1182     VOLUME ="40",
1183     PAGES ="1669-1688",
1184     YEAR ="1982"}
1185    
1186     @ARTICLE{pl86,
1187     AUTHOR ="R. Alan Plumb",
1188     TITLE ="Three-dimensional propagation of transient quasi-geostrophic eddies and its relationship with the eddy forcing of the time-mean flow",
1189     JOURNAL =jas,
1190     VOLUME ="43",
1191     PAGES ="1657-1678",
1192     YEAR ="1986"}
1193    
1194     @ARTICLE{chblro95,
1195     AUTHOR ="E. P. Chassignet and R. Bleck and C. G. H. Rooth",
1196     TITLE ="The Influence of Layer Outcropping on the Separation of Boundary Currents. Part {II}: The Wind- and Buoyancy-Driven Experiments",
1197     JOURNAL =jpo,
1198     VOLUME ="25",
1199     PAGES ="2404-2422",
1200     YEAR ="1995"}
1201    
1202     @ARTICLE{yali97,
1203     AUTHOR ="Huijin Yang and Zhengyu Liu",
1204     TITLE ="The Three-Dimensional Chaotic Transport and the Great Ocean Barrier",
1205     JOURNAL =jpo,
1206     VOLUME ="27",
1207     PAGES ="1258-1273",
1208     YEAR ="1997"}
1209    
1210     @ARTICLE{ch95,
1211     AUTHOR ="E. P. Chassignet",
1212     TITLE ="Vorticity Dissipation by Western Boundary Currents in the Presence of Outcropping Layers",
1213     JOURNAL =jpo,
1214     VOLUME ="25",
1215     PAGES ="242-255",
1216     YEAR ="1995"}
1217    
1218     @ARTICLE{sa60,
1219     AUTHOR ="Sangster, W. E.",
1220     TITLE ="A method for representing the horizontal pressure force without reduction of pressures to sea level",
1221     JOURNAL =jm,
1222     VOLUME ="17",
1223     PAGES ="166-176",
1224     YEAR ="1960"}
1225    
1226     @ARTICLE{shsa74,
1227     AUTHOR ="Shukla, J. and K. R. Saha",
1228     TITLE ="Computation of non-divergent stream functions and irrational velocity potential from the observed winds",
1229     JOURNAL ="Monthly Weather Review",
1230     VOLUME ="102",
1231     PAGES ="419-425",
1232     YEAR ="1974"}
1233    
1234     @ARTICLE{crwa96,
1235     AUTHOR ="Cronin, M. and D. R. Watts",
1236     TITLE ="Eddy-mean flow interaction in the Gulf Stream at 68 degrees W .1. Eddy energetics",
1237     JOURNAL =jpo,
1238     VOLUME ="26",
1239     NUMBER ="10",
1240     PAGES ="2107-2131",
1241     YEAR ="1996"}
1242    
1243     @ARTICLE{brdusm99,
1244     AUTHOR ="Bryan, K. and J. K. Dukowicz and R. D. Smith",
1245     TITLE ="On the mixing coefficient in the parameterization of bolus velocity",
1246     JOURNAL =jpo,
1247     VOLUME ="29",
1248     NUMBER ="9",
1249     PAGES ="2442-2456",
1250     YEAR ="1999"}
1251    
1252     @ARTICLE{kuhe98,
1253     AUTHOR ="Kushner, P. J. and I. M. Held",
1254     TITLE ="A test, using atmospheric data, of a method for estimating oceanic eddy diffusivity",
1255     JOURNAL =grl,
1256     VOLUME ="25",
1257     NUMBER ="22",
1258     PAGES ="4213-4216",
1259     YEAR ="1998"}
1260    
1261     @ARTICLE{hesc99,
1262     AUTHOR ="I. M. Held and T. Schneider",
1263     TITLE ="The Surface Branch of the Zonally Averaged Mass Transport Circulation in the Troposphere",
1264     JOURNAL =jas,
1265     VOLUME ="56",
1266     PAGES ="1688-1697",
1267     YEAR ="1999"}
1268    
1269     @ARTICLE{Schneider05,
1270     AUTHOR ="T. Schneider",
1271     TITLE ="Zonal momentum balance, potential vorticity dynamics, and mass fluxes on near-surface isentropes",
1272     JOURNAL =jas,
1273     VOLUME ="62",
1274     PAGES ="1884-1900",
1275     YEAR ="2005"}
1276    
1277     @ARTICLE{wa01,
1278     AUTHOR ="Watterson, I. G.",
1279     TITLE ="Decomposition of global ocean currents using a simple iterative method",
1280     JOURNAL =jaot,
1281     VOLUME ="18",
1282     PAGES ="691-703",
1283     YEAR ="2001"}
1284    
1285     @ARTICLE{holi75a,
1286     AUTHOR ="W. R. Holland and L. B. Lin",
1287     TITLE ="On the origin of mesoscale eddies and their contribution to the general circulation of the ocean. {I. A} preliminary numerical experiment.",
1288     JOURNAL =jpo,
1289     VOLUME ="5",
1290     PAGES ="642-657",
1291     YEAR ="1975"}
1292    
1293     @ARTICLE{holi75b,
1294     AUTHOR ="W. R. Holland and L. B. Lin",
1295     TITLE ="On the origin of mesoscale eddies and their contribution to the general circulation of the ocean. {II. A} parameter study.",
1296     JOURNAL =jpo,
1297     VOLUME ="5",
1298     PAGES ="658-669",
1299     YEAR ="1975"}
1300    
1301     @ARTICLE{horh80,
1302     AUTHOR ="W. R. Holland and P. B. Rhines",
1303     TITLE ="An Example of Eddy-Induced Ocean Circulation",
1304     JOURNAL =jpo,
1305     VOLUME ="10",
1306     PAGES ="1010-1031",
1307     YEAR ="1980"}
1308    
1309     @ARTICLE{ho78,
1310     AUTHOR ="W. R. Holland",
1311     TITLE ="The Role of Mesoscale Eddies in the General Circulation of the Ocean--Numerical Experiments Using a Wind-Driven Quasi-Geostrophic Model",
1312     JOURNAL =jpo,
1313     VOLUME ="8",
1314     PAGES ="363-392",
1315     YEAR ="1978"}
1316    
1317     @ARTICLE{sahohe76,
1318     AUTHOR ="R. Salmon and G. Holloway and M. C. Hendershott",
1319     TITLE ="The equilibrium statistical mechanics of simple quasi-geostrophic models",
1320     JOURNAL =jfm,
1321     VOLUME ="75",
1322     PAGES ="691-703",
1323     YEAR ="1976"}
1324    
1325     @ARTICLE{grsa89,
1326     AUTHOR ="A. Griffa and R. Salmon",
1327     TITLE ="Wind-driven ocean circulation and equilibrium statistical mechanics",
1328     JOURNAL =jmr,
1329     VOLUME ="47",
1330     PAGES ="457-492",
1331     YEAR ="1989"}
1332    
1333     @ARTICLE{grca91,
1334     AUTHOR ="A. Griffa and S. Castellari",
1335     TITLE ="Nonlinear general circulation of an ocean model driven by wind with a stochastic component",
1336     JOURNAL =jmr,
1337     VOLUME ="49",
1338     PAGES ="53-73",
1339     YEAR ="1991"}
1340    
1341     @ARTICLE{ozch98,
1342     AUTHOR ={T.M. {\"O}zg{\"o}kmen and E. P. Chassignet},
1343     TITLE ="Emergence of Inertial Gyres in a Two-Layer Quasigeostrophic Ocean Model",
1344     JOURNAL =jpo,
1345     VOLUME ="28",
1346     PAGES ="461-484",
1347     YEAR ="1998"}
1348    
1349     @ARTICLE{manu92,
1350     AUTHOR ="J. C. Marshall and G. Nurser",
1351     TITLE ="Fluid Dynamics of Oceanic Thermocline Ventilation",
1352     JOURNAL =jpo,
1353     VOLUME ="22",
1354     PAGES ="1315-1329",
1355     YEAR ="1992"}
1356    
1357     @ARTICLE{mama92,
1358     AUTHOR ="David Marshall and John Marshall",
1359     TITLE ="Zonal Penetration Scale of Midlatitude Oceanic Jets",
1360     JOURNAL =jpo,
1361     VOLUME ="22",
1362     PAGES ="1018-1032",
1363     YEAR ="1992"}
1364    
1365     @ARTICLE{hosc85,
1366     AUTHOR ="W. R. Holland and W. J. Schmitz",
1367     TITLE ="Zonal Penetration Scale of Model Midlatitude Jets",
1368     JOURNAL =jpo,
1369     VOLUME ="15",
1370     PAGES ="1859-1875",
1371     YEAR ="1985"}
1372    
1373     @ARTICLE{nuwi90,
1374     AUTHOR ="A. J. George Nurser and Richard G. Williams",
1375     TITLE ="Cooling {Parsons'} Model of the Separated {Gulf Stream}",
1376     JOURNAL =jpo,
1377     VOLUME ="20",
1378     PAGES ="1974-1979",
1379     YEAR ="1990"}
1380    
1381     @ARTICLE{joma93,
1382     AUTHOR ="H. Jones and J. C. Marshall",
1383     TITLE ="Convection with Rotation in a Neutral Ocean: A Study of Open-Ocean Deep Convection",
1384     JOURNAL =jpo,
1385     VOLUME ="23",
1386     PAGES ="1009-1039",
1387     YEAR ="1993"}
1388    
1389     @ARTICLE{kajoma02,
1390     AUTHOR ="R. Karsten and H. Jones and J. C. Marshall",
1391     TITLE ="The Role of Eddy Transfer in Setting the Stratification and Transport of a Circumpolar Current",
1392     JOURNAL =jpo,
1393     VOLUME ="32",
1394     PAGES ="39-54",
1395     YEAR ="2002"}
1396    
1397     @ARTICLE{sava97,
1398     AUTHOR ="R. M. Samelson and G. K. Vallis",
1399     TITLE ="Large-scale circulation with small diapycnal diffusion: The two Thermocline limit",
1400     JOURNAL =jmr,
1401     VOLUME ="55",
1402     PAGES ="223-275",
1403     YEAR ="1997"}
1404    
1405     @ARTICLE{majokawa02,
1406     AUTHOR ="J. C. Marshall and H. Jones and R. Karsten and R. Wardle",
1407     TITLE ="Can Eddies Set Ocean Stratification?",
1408     JOURNAL =jpo,
1409     VOLUME ="32",
1410     PAGES ="26-38",
1411     YEAR ="2002"}
1412    
1413     @ARTICLE{bemcbr02,
1414     AUTHOR ="P. S. Berloff and J. C. McWilliams and A. Bracco",
1415     TITLE ="Material Transport in Oceanic Gyres. Part {I}: Phenomenology",
1416     JOURNAL =jpo,
1417     VOLUME ="32",
1418     PAGES ="764-796",
1419     YEAR ="2002"}
1420    
1421    
1422     @ARTICLE{bemc02,
1423     AUTHOR ="P. S. Berloff and J. C. McWilliams",
1424     TITLE ="Material Transport in Oceanic Gyres. Part {II}: Hierarchy of Stochastic Models",
1425     JOURNAL =jpo,
1426     VOLUME ="32",
1427     PAGES ="797-830",
1428     YEAR ="2002"}
1429    
1430     @ARTICLE{beme98a,
1431     AUTHOR ="P. S. Berloff and S. P. Meacham",
1432     TITLE ="The Dynamics of a Simple Baroclinic Model of the Wind-driven Circulation",
1433     JOURNAL =jpo,
1434     VOLUME ="28",
1435     PAGES ="361-388",
1436     YEAR ="1998"}
1437    
1438     @ARTICLE{beme98b,
1439     AUTHOR ="P. S. Berloff and S. P. Meacham",
1440     TITLE ="On the stability of the wind-driven circulation",
1441     JOURNAL =jmr,
1442     VOLUME ="59",
1443     PAGES ="937-993",
1444     YEAR ="1998"}
1445    
1446     @ARTICLE{bemc99,
1447     AUTHOR ="P. S. Berloff and J. C. McWilliams",
1448     TITLE ="Large-scale, low-frequency Variability in Wind-Driven Ocean Gyres",
1449     JOURNAL =jpo,
1450     VOLUME ="29",
1451     PAGES ="1925-1949",
1452     YEAR ="1999"}
1453    
1454     @ARTICLE{lori89,
1455     AUTHOR ="M. S. Lozier and S. C. Riser",
1456     TITLE ="Potential Vorticity Dynamics of Boundary Currents in a Quasi-geostrophic Ocean",
1457     JOURNAL =jpo,
1458     VOLUME ="19",
1459     PAGES ="1373-1396",
1460     YEAR ="1989"}
1461    
1462     @ARTICLE{prlobe95,
1463     AUTHOR ="L. J. Pratt and M. S. Lozier and N. Beliakova",
1464     TITLE ="Parcel Trajectories in Quasigeostrophic Jets: Neutral Modes",
1465     JOURNAL =jpo,
1466     VOLUME ="25",
1467     PAGES ="1451-1466",
1468     YEAR ="1995"}
1469    
1470     @ARTICLE{romiprjo99,
1471     AUTHOR ="A. M. Rogerson and P. D. Miller and L. J. Pratt and C. K. R. T. Jones",
1472     TITLE ="Lagrangian Motion and Fluid Exchange in a Barotropic Meandering Jet",
1473     JOURNAL =jpo,
1474     VOLUME ="29",
1475     PAGES ="2635-2655",
1476     YEAR ="1999"}
1477    
1478     @ARTICLE{yuprjo04,
1479     AUTHOR ="G.-C. Yuan and L. J. Pratt and C. K. R. T. Jones",
1480     TITLE ="Cross-Jet Transport and Mixing in a 2 1/2-Layer Model",
1481     JOURNAL =jpo,
1482     VOLUME ="34",
1483     PAGES ="1991-2005",
1484     YEAR ="2004"}
1485    
1486     @ARTICLE{lori90,
1487     AUTHOR ="M. S. Lozier and S. C. Riser",
1488     TITLE ="Potential Vorticity Sources and Sinks in a Quasi-geostrophic Ocean: beyond Western Boundary Currents",
1489     JOURNAL =jpo,
1490     VOLUME ="20",
1491     PAGES ="1608-1627",
1492     YEAR ="1990"}
1493    
1494    
1495     @ARTICLE{be04a,
1496     AUTHOR ="P. Berloff",
1497     TITLE ="On Dynamically Consistent Eddy Fluxes",
1498     JOURNAL =dao,
1499     YEAR ="submitted 2004"}
1500    
1501     @ARTICLE{be04b,
1502     AUTHOR ="P. Berloff",
1503     TITLE ="Random-force model of the oceanic eddies",
1504     JOURNAL =jmr,
1505     YEAR ="submitted 2004"}
1506    
1507     @UNPUBLISHED{rama04,
1508     AUTHOR ="T. Radko and J. C. Marshall",
1509     TITLE ="Eddy-induced diapycnal fluxes and their role in the maintenance of the thermocline",
1510     JOURNAL =jpo,
1511     NUMBER ="34",
1512     PAGES ="372-383",
1513     YEAR ="2004"}
1514    
1515     @UNPUBLISHED{rama03,
1516     AUTHOR ="T. Radko and J. C. Marshall",
1517     TITLE ="Equilibration of a warm pumped lens on a $\beta$-plane",
1518     JOURNAL =jpo,
1519     VOLUME ="33",
1520     PAGES ="885-889",
1521     YEAR ="2003"}
1522    
1523     @ARTICLE{ba69,
1524     AUTHOR ="G. K. Batchelor",
1525     TITLE ="Computation of the energy spectrum in homogeneous two-dimensional turbulence",
1526     JOURNAL ="The Physics of Fluids",
1527     VOLUME ="Supplement {II}",
1528     PAGES ="233-239",
1529     YEAR ="1969"}
1530    
1531     @ARTICLE{besa97,
1532     AUTHOR ="Becker, J. M. and R. Salmon",
1533     TITLE ="Eddy formation on a continental slope",
1534     JOURNAL =jmr,
1535     VOLUME ="55",
1536     NUMBER ="2",
1537     PAGES ="181-200",
1538     YEAR ="1997"}
1539    
1540     @ARTICLE{smbohemataheva02,
1541     AUTHOR ="Smith, K. S. and Boccaletti, G. and Henning, C. C. and Marinov, I. and Tam, C. Y. and Held, I. M. and Vallis, G. K.",
1542     TITLE ="Turbulent diffusion in the geostrophic inverse cascade",
1543     JOURNAL =jfm,
1544     VOLUME ="469",
1545     PAGES ="13-48",
1546     YEAR ="2002"}
1547    
1548     @ARTICLE{smva02,
1549     AUTHOR ="Smith, K. S. and Vallis, G. K.",
1550     TITLE ="The scales and equilibration of midocean eddies: forced-dissipative flow",
1551     JOURNAL =jpo,
1552     VOLUME ="32",
1553     NUMBER ="6",
1554     PAGES ="1699-1720",
1555     YEAR ="2002"}
1556    
1557     @ARTICLE{smva01,
1558     AUTHOR ="Smith, K. S. and Vallis, G. K.",
1559     TITLE ="The scales and equilibration of midocean eddies: freely evolving flow",
1560     JOURNAL =jpo,
1561     VOLUME ="31",
1562     NUMBER ="2",
1563     PAGES ="554-571",
1564     YEAR ="2001"}
1565    
1566     @INCOLLECTION{he87,
1567     AUTHOR ="M. C. Henderschott",
1568     EDITOR ="D. I. Arbarbanel and W. R. Young",
1569     TITLE ="General Circulation of the Oceans",
1570     CHAPTER ="Single Layer Models of the General Circulation",
1571     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1572     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1573     PAGES ="202-282",
1574     YEAR ="1987"}
1575    
1576     @INCOLLECTION{harh00,
1577     AUTHOR ="R. Hallberg and P. B. Rhines",
1578     EDITOR ="R. M. Kerr and Y. Kimura",
1579     TITLE ="Developments in Geophysical Turbulence",
1580     CHAPTER ="Boundary sources of potential vorticity in geophysical circulations",
1581     PUBLISHER ="Kluwer",
1582     ADDRESS ="Dordrecht",
1583     PAGES ="51-65",
1584     YEAR ="2000"}
1585    
1586     @ARTICLE{rhyo84,
1587     AUTHOR = {P. B. Rhines and W. R. Young},
1588     TITLE = {Homogenization of potential vorticity in planetary gyres},
1589     JOURNAL = jfm,
1590     YEAR = {1984},
1591     VOLUME = {122},
1592     PAGES = {347-367}}
1593    
1594     @INCOLLECTION{wu02,
1595     AUTHOR ="Carl Wunsch",
1596     EDITOR ="R. Pierce",
1597     TITLE ="Meteorology at the Millenium",
1598     CHAPTER ="Ocean Observations and the Climate Forecast Problem",
1599     PUBLISHER ="Academic Press",
1600     ADDRESS ="San Diego",
1601     PAGES ="233-245",
1602     YEAR ="2002"}
1603    
1604     @ARTICLE{rhho79,
1605     AUTHOR = {P. B. Rhines and W. R. Holland},
1606     TITLE = {A theoretical discussion of eddy-driven mean flows},
1607     JOURNAL = dao,
1608     YEAR = {1979},
1609     VOLUME = {3},
1610     PAGES = {289-325}}
1611    
1612     @INCOLLECTION{yo87,
1613     AUTHOR ="W. R. Young",
1614     EDITOR ="D. I. Arbarbanel and W. R. Young",
1615     TITLE ="General Circulation of the Oceans",
1616     CHAPTER ="Baroclinic Theories of the Wind Driven Circulation",
1617     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1618     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1619     PAGES ="134-201",
1620     YEAR ="1987"}
1621    
1622     @BOOK{as,
1623     AUTHOR ="Isaac Asimov",
1624     TITLE ="Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery",
1625     PUBLISHER ="Harper {\&} Row",
1626     ADDRESS ="New York",
1627     YEAR ="1989"}
1628    
1629     @BOOK{wu96,
1630     AUTHOR ="Carl Wunsch",
1631     TITLE ="The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem",
1632     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
1633     ADDRESS ="Cambridge; New York",
1634     YEAR ="1996",
1635     PAGES ="442"}
1636    
1637     @BOOK{mofe,
1638     AUTHOR ="Philip M. Morse and Herman Feshbach",
1639     TITLE ="Methods of Theoretical Physics",
1640     PUBLISHER ="McGraw-Hill, Inc.",
1641     ADDRESS ="New York",
1642     YEAR ="1953"}
1643    
1644     @BOOK{can,
1645     AUTHOR ="C. Canuto and M. Y. Hussaini and A. Quarteroni and T. A. Zang",
1646     TITLE ="Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics",
1647     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1648     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1649     YEAR ="1988"}
1650    
1651     @BOOK{bo,
1652     AUTHOR ="J. P. Boyd",
1653     TITLE ="Chebyshev {\&} Fourier Spectral Methods",
1654     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1655     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1656     YEAR ="2001",
1657     EDITION ="Second",
1658     PAGES ="668"}
1659    
1660     @BOOK{go,
1661     AUTHOR ="David Gottlieb and Steven A. Orszag",
1662     TITLE ="Numerical Analysis of Spectral Methods: Theory and Applications",
1663     PUBLISHER ="Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics",
1664     ADDRESS ="Philadelphia",
1665     YEAR ="1981",
1666     PAGES ="170"}
1667    
1668     @ARTICLE{oris74,
1669     AUTHOR ="Steven A. Orszag and Moshe Israeli",
1670     TITLE ="Numerical Simulations of Viscous Incompressible Flows",
1671     JOURNAL =arfm,
1672     VOLUME ="6",
1673     PAGES ="281-318",
1674     YEAR ="1974"}
1675    
1676     @ARTICLE{ba52,
1677     AUTHOR ="Batchelor, George K.",
1678     TITLE ="Diffusion in a Field of Homogeneous Turbulence",
1679     JOURNAL =jfm,
1680     VOLUME ="214",
1681     PAGES ="535-557",
1682     YEAR ="1952"}
1683    
1684     @BOOK{ba67,
1685     AUTHOR ="Batchelor, George K.",
1686     TITLE ="An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics",
1687     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
1688     ADDRESS ="Cambridge",
1689     PAGES ="615",
1690     YEAR ="1967"}
1691    
1692     @BOOK{ba60,
1693     AUTHOR ="Batchelor, George K.",
1694     TITLE ="The Theory of Homogeneous Turbulence",
1695     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
1696     ADDRESS ="Cambridge",
1697     PAGES ="197",
1698     YEAR ="1960"}
1699    
1700     @BOOK{gr90,
1701     AUTHOR ="Greenspan, Harvey P.",
1702     TITLE ="The Theory of Rotating Fluids",
1703     PUBLISHER ="Breukelen Press",
1704     ADDRESS ="Brookline",
1705     YEAR ="1990",
1706     PAGES ="352"}
1707    
1708     @ARTICLE{pe65a,
1709     AUTHOR ="Pedlosky, Joseph",
1710     TITLE ="A Study of the Time Dependent Ocean Circulation",
1711     JOURNAL =jas,
1712     VOLUME ="22",
1713     PAGES ="267-272",
1714     YEAR ="1965"}
1715    
1716     @ARTICLE{pe65b,
1717     AUTHOR ="Pedlosky, Joseph",
1718     TITLE ="A Note on the Western Intensification of the Oceanic Circulation",
1719     JOURNAL =jmr,
1720     VOLUME ="23",
1721     PAGES ="207-209",
1722     YEAR ="1965"}
1723    
1724     @BOOK{grif,
1725     AUTHOR ="David Griffiths",
1726     TITLE ="Introduction to Electrodynamics",
1727     PUBLISHER ="Prentice Hall",
1728     ADDRESS ="Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey",
1729     YEAR ="1998",
1730     EDITION ="Third",
1731     PAGES ="576"}
1732    
1733     @BOOK{jack,
1734     AUTHOR ="David Jackson",
1735     TITLE ="Classical Electrodynamics",
1736     PUBLISHER ="John Wiley and Sons",
1737     ADDRESS ="New York",
1738     YEAR ="1998",
1739     EDITION ="Third",
1740     PAGES ="808"}
1741    
1742     @BOOK{pe87,
1743     AUTHOR ="Joseph Pedlosky",
1744     TITLE ="Geophysical Fluid Dynamics",
1745     PUBLISHER ="Springer",
1746     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1747     YEAR ="1987",
1748     EDITION ="Second",
1749     PAGES ="710"}
1750    
1751     @BOOK{pe96,
1752     AUTHOR ="Joseph Pedlosky",
1753     TITLE ="Ocean Circulation Theory",
1754     PUBLISHER ="Springer",
1755     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1756     YEAR ="1996",
1757     PAGES ="453"}
1758    
1759     @BOOK{piem90,
1760     AUTHOR ="George L. Pickard and William J. Emery",
1761     TITLE ="Descriptive Physical Oceanography: An Introduction",
1762     PUBLISHER ="Butterworth Heinemann",
1763     ADDRESS ="Oxford",
1764     EDITION ="Fifth",
1765     YEAR ="1990"}
1766    
1767     @COLLECTION{ro63,
1768     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1769     EDITOR ="Allan R. Robinson",
1770     PUBLISHER ="Blaisdell Publishing Co.",
1771     ADDRESS ="New York",
1772     YEAR ="1963"}
1773    
1774     @BOOK{st58,
1775     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel",
1776     TITLE ="The Gulf Stream",
1777     PUBLISHER ="University of California Press, Cambridge University Press",
1778     ADDRESS ="Berkeley, Los Angeles, London",
1779     YEAR ="1958"}
1780    
1781     @ARTICLE{de41,
1782     AUTHOR ="Andreas Defant",
1783     TITLE ="{\emph{Meteor}} {Atlantic} expedition 1925-1927",
1784     JOURNAL ="Wiss. Ergebn.",
1785     VOLUME ="4",
1786     NUMBER ="2",
1787     PAGES ="191-260",
1788     YEAR ="1941"}
1789    
1790     @ARTICLE{sv47,
1791     AUTHOR ="Harald U. Sverdrup",
1792     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Currents in a Baroclinic Ocean; with Application to the Equatorial Currents of the Eastern {Pacific}",
1793     JOURNAL =pnas,
1794     VOLUME ="33",
1795     NUMBER ="11",
1796     PAGES ="318-326",
1797     YEAR ="1947"}
1798    
1799     @ARTICLE{st48,
1800     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel",
1801     TITLE ="The Westward Intensification of Wind-Driven Ocean Currents",
1802     JOURNAL ="Transactions, American Geophysical Union",
1803     VOLUME ="29",
1804     NUMBER ="2",
1805     PAGES ="202-206",
1806     YEAR ="1948"}
1807    
1808     @ARTICLE{st56,
1809     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel",
1810     TITLE ="On the determination of the depth of no meridional motion",
1811     JOURNAL =dsr,
1812     VOLUME ="3",
1813     PAGES ="273-278",
1814     YEAR ="1956"}
1815    
1816     @ARTICLE{mu50,
1817     AUTHOR ="Walter H. Munk",
1818     TITLE ="On the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1819     JOURNAL =jm,
1820     VOLUME ="7",
1821     NUMBER ="2",
1822     PAGES ="79-93",
1823     YEAR ="1950"}
1824    
1825     @ARTICLE{muca50,
1826     AUTHOR ="Walter H. Munk and George F. Carrier",
1827     TITLE ="The Wind-Driven Circulation in Ocean Basins of Various Shapes",
1828     JOURNAL =t,
1829     VOLUME ="2",
1830     NUMBER ="3",
1831     PAGES ="158-167",
1832     YEAR ="1950"}
1833    
1834     @ARTICLE{fo54,
1835     AUTHOR ="N. P. Fofonoff",
1836     TITLE ="Steady Flow in a Frictionless Homogenous Ocean",
1837     JOURNAL =jmr,
1838     VOLUME ="13",
1839     NUMBER ="3",
1840     PAGES ="254-262",
1841     YEAR ="1954"}
1842    
1843     @ARTICLE{ch55,
1844     AUTHOR ="Jule G. Charney",
1845     TITLE ="The {Gulf Stream} as an Inertial Boundary Layer",
1846     JOURNAL =pnas,
1847     VOLUME ="41",
1848     NUMBER ="10",
1849     PAGES ="731-740",
1850     YEAR ="1955"}
1851    
1852     @ARTICLE{chst62,
1853     AUTHOR ="Jule G. Charney and M. E. Stern",
1854     TITLE ="On the stability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere",
1855     JOURNAL =jas,
1856     VOLUME ="19",
1857     PAGES ="159-172",
1858     YEAR ="1962"}
1859    
1860     @ARTICLE{fj50,
1861     AUTHOR ="Fj{\o}rtoft, R.",
1862     TITLE ="Application of integral theorems in deriving criteria of stability for laminar flows and for the baroclinic circular vortex",
1863     JOURNAL ="Geofys. Publ.",
1864     VOLUME ="17",
1865     NUMBER ="6",
1866     PAGES ="1-52",
1867     YEAR ="1950"}
1868    
1869     @ARTICLE{mo56,
1870     AUTHOR ="G. W. Morgan",
1871     TITLE ="On the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1872     JOURNAL =t,
1873     VOLUME ="8",
1874     NUMBER ="3",
1875     PAGES ="301-320",
1876     YEAR ="1956"}
1877    
1878     @ARTICLE{star160,
1879     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel and Arnold B. Arons",
1880     TITLE ="On the Abyssal Circulation of the World Ocean. I. Stationary Planetary Flow Patterns on a Sphere",
1881     JOURNAL =dsr,
1882     VOLUME ="6",
1883     PAGES ="140-154",
1884     YEAR ="1960"}
1885    
1886     @ARTICLE{star260,
1887     AUTHOR ="H. M. Stommel and A. B. Arons",
1888     TITLE ="On the Abyssal Circulation of the World Ocean. II. An Idealised Model of the Circulation Pattern and Amplitude in Oceanic Basins",
1889     JOURNAL =dsr,
1890     VOLUME ="6",
1891     PAGES ="217-233",
1892     YEAR ="1960"}
1893    
1894     @ARTICLE{caro62,
1895     AUTHOR ="G. F. Carrier and A. R. Robinson",
1896     TITLE ="On the Theory of the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1897     JOURNAL =jfm,
1898     VOLUME ="12",
1899     NUMBER ="1",
1900     PAGES ="49-80",
1901     YEAR ="1962"}
1902    
1903     @ARTICLE{gr62,
1904     AUTHOR ="Harvey P. Greenspan",
1905     TITLE ="A Criterion for the Existence of Inertial Boundary Layers in the Oceanic Circulation",
1906     JOURNAL =pnas,
1907     VOLUME ="48",
1908     PAGES ="2034-2039",
1909     YEAR ="1962"}
1910    
1911     @ARTICLE{mo63,
1912     AUTHOR ="D. W. Moore",
1913     TITLE ="{Rossby} Waves in Ocean Circulation",
1914     JOURNAL =dsr,
1915     VOLUME ="10",
1916     PAGES ="735-747",
1917     YEAR ="1963"}
1918    
1919     @ARTICLE{mo70,
1920     AUTHOR ="D. W. Moore",
1921     TITLE ="The Mass Transport Velocity Induced by Free Oscillations at a Single Frequency",
1922     JOURNAL ="Geophysical Fluid Dynamics",
1923     VOLUME ="1",
1924     PAGES ="237-247",
1925     YEAR ="1970"}
1926    
1927     @ARTICLE{br63,
1928     AUTHOR ="K. Bryan",
1929     TITLE ="A Numerical Investigation of a Nonlinear Model of a Wind-Driven OCean",
1930     JOURNAL =jas,
1931     VOLUME ="20",
1932     PAGES ="594-606",
1933     YEAR ="1963"}
1934    
1935     @ARTICLE{lawa79,
1936     AUTHOR ="N. Lau and J. M. Wallace",
1937     TITLE ="On the distribution of horizontal transports by transient eddies in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation",
1938     JOURNAL =jas,
1939     VOLUME ="36",
1940     PAGES ="1844-1861",
1941     YEAR ="1979"}
1942    
1943     @ARTICLE{ve63,
1944     AUTHOR ="George Veronis",
1945     TITLE ="An Analysis of wind-driven ocean circulation with a limited number of Fourier Components",
1946     JOURNAL =jas,
1947     VOLUME ="20",
1948     PAGES ="577-593",
1949     YEAR ="1963"}
1950    
1951     @ARTICLE{ni66,
1952     AUTHOR ="P. P. Niiler",
1953     TITLE ="On the Theory of the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1954     JOURNAL =dsr,
1955     VOLUME ="13",
1956     PAGES ="597-606",
1957     YEAR ="1966"}
1958    
1959     @ARTICLE{we64,
1960     AUTHOR ="Welander, P.",
1961     TITLE ="Note on the Role of Boundary Friction in the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1962     JOURNAL =t,
1963     VOLUME ="16",
1964     PAGES ="408-410",
1965     YEAR ="1964"}
1966    
1967     @ARTICLE{bl71,
1968     AUTHOR ="R. R. Blandford",
1969     TITLE ="Boundary Conditions in Homogenous Ocean Models",
1970     JOURNAL =dsr,
1971     VOLUME ="18",
1972     PAGES ="739-751",
1973     YEAR ="1971"}
1974    
1975     @ARTICLE{rh75,
1976     AUTHOR ="Peter B. Rhines",
1977     TITLE ="Waves and Turbulence on a Beta Plane",
1978     JOURNAL =jfm,
1979     VOLUME ="69",
1980     PAGES ="417-443",
1981     YEAR ="1975"}
1982    
1983     @ARTICLE{huch01,
1984     AUTHOR ="Rui Xin Huang and Li Chao",
1985     NOTE ="Personal Communication",
1986     YEAR ="2001"}
1987    
1988     @ARTICLE{hash01,
1989     AUTHOR ="Peter Haynes and Emily Shuckburgh",
1990     TITLE ="Effective diffusivity as a diagnostic of atmospheric transport 1. Stratosphere",
1991     JOURNAL =jgr,
1992     NUMBER ="105",
1993     VOLUME ="D18",
1994     PAGES ="3203-3211",
1995     YEAR ="2001"}
1996    
1997     @ARTICLE{pi91,
1998     AUTHOR ="Pierrehumbert, R. T.",
1999     TITLE ="Large-scale horizontal mixing in planetary atmospheres",
2000     JOURNAL ="Phys. Fluids",
2001     NUMBER ="A3",
2002     PAGES ="1250-1260",
2003     YEAR ="1991"}
2004    
2005     @ARTICLE{bo86,
2006     AUTHOR ="C. W. B{\"o}ning",
2007     TITLE ="On the Influence of Frictional Parameterizations in Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation Models",
2008     JOURNAL =dao,
2009     VOLUME ="10",
2010     PAGES ="63-92",
2011     YEAR ="1986"}
2012    
2013     @ARTICLE{ieru86,
2014     AUTHOR ="Glenn R. Ierley and O. G. Ruehr",
2015     TITLE ="Analytic and Numerical Solutions of a Nonlinear Boundary-layer Problem",
2016     JOURNAL ="Studies in Applied Math",
2017     VOLUME ="75",
2018     PAGES ="1-36",
2019     YEAR ="1986"}
2020    
2021     @ARTICLE{ie93,
2022     AUTHOR ="Glenn R. Ierley",
2023     TITLE ="Nonlinear disturbances of western boundary currents",
2024     JOURNAL =jpo,
2025     VOLUME ="17",
2026     NUMBER ="",
2027     PAGES ="2366-2374",
2028     YEAR ="1993"}
2029    
2030     @ARTICLE{ie87,
2031     AUTHOR ="Glenn R. Ierley",
2032     TITLE ="On the Onset of Recirculation in Barotropic General Circulation Models",
2033     JOURNAL =jpo,
2034     VOLUME ="17",
2035     NUMBER ="12",
2036     PAGES ="2366-2374",
2037     YEAR ="1987"}
2038    
2039     @ARTICLE{ie91,
2040     AUTHOR ="Glenn R. Ierley and W. R. Young",
2041     TITLE ="Viscous instabilities in the western boundary-layer",
2042     JOURNAL =jpo,
2043     VOLUME ="21",
2044     NUMBER ="9",
2045     PAGES ="1323-1332",
2046     YEAR ="1991"}
2047    
2048     @ARTICLE{ceieyo87,
2049     AUTHOR ="Paola Cessi and Glenn R. Ierley and W. R. Young",
2050     TITLE ="A Model of the Inertial Recirculation Deiven by Potential Vorticity Anomalies",
2051     JOURNAL =jpo,
2052     VOLUME ="17",
2053     NUMBER ="10",
2054     PAGES ="1640-1653",
2055     YEAR ="1987"}
2056    
2057     @ARTICLE{ce91,
2058     AUTHOR ="Paola Cessi",
2059     TITLE ="Laminar separation of colliding western boundary currents",
2060     JOURNAL =jmr,
2061     VOLUME ="49",
2062     PAGES ="697-717",
2063     YEAR ="1991"}
2064    
2065     @ARTICLE{cepr01,
2066     AUTHOR ="Paola Cessi and Francois Primeau",
2067     TITLE ="Dissipative selection of low-frequency modes in a reduced-gravity basin",
2068     JOURNAL =jpo,
2069     VOLUME ="31",
2070     NUMBER ="1",
2071     PAGES ="127-137",
2072     YEAR ="2001"}
2073    
2074     @ARTICLE{pr02,
2075     AUTHOR ="Francois Primeau",
2076     TITLE ="Long {Rossby} wave basin-crossing time and the resonance of low-frequency basin modes",
2077     JOURNAL =jpo,
2078     VOLUME ="32",
2079     PAGES ="2652-2665",
2080     YEAR ="2002"}
2081    
2082     @ARTICLE{pr98,
2083     AUTHOR ="Francois Primeau",
2084     TITLE ="Multiple Equilibria of a Double-Gyre Ocean Model with Super-Slip Boundary Conditions",
2085     JOURNAL =jpo,
2086     VOLUME ="28",
2087     PAGES ="2130-2147",
2088     YEAR ="1998"}
2089    
2090     @ARTICLE{lape02,
2091     AUTHOR ="Lacasce, J. H. and Pedlosky, J.",
2092     TITLE ="Baroclinic {Rossby} waves in irregular basins",
2093     JOURNAL =jpo,
2094     VOLUME ="32",
2095     NUMBER ="10",
2096     PAGES ="2828-2847",
2097     YEAR ="2002"}
2098    
2099     @ARTICLE{lape04,
2100     AUTHOR ="Lacasce, J. H. and Pedlosky, J.",
2101     TITLE ="The Instability of {Rossby} Basin Modes and the Oceanic Eddy Field",
2102     JOURNAL =jpo,
2103     NOTE ="submitted",
2104     YEAR ="2004"}
2105    
2106     @ARTICLE{mash81,
2107     AUTHOR ="John C. Marshall and Glenn Shutts",
2108     TITLE ="A Note on Rotational and Divergent Eddy Fluxes",
2109     JOURNAL =jpo,
2110     VOLUME ="11",
2111     PAGES ="1677-1680",
2112     YEAR ="1981"}
2113    
2114     @ARTICLE{ma84,
2115     AUTHOR ="John C. Marshall",
2116     TITLE ="Eddy Mean flow interaction in a barotropic ocean model",
2117     JOURNAL =qjrms,
2118     VOLUME ="100",
2119     NUMBER ="465",
2120     PAGES ="573-590",
2121     YEAR ="1984"}
2122    
2123     @ARTICLE{haho81,
2124     AUTHOR ="D. E. Harrison and W. R. Holland",
2125     TITLE ="Regional Eddy Vorticity Transport and the Equilibrium Vorticity Budgets of a Numerical Model Ocean Circulation",
2126     JOURNAL =jpo,
2127     VOLUME ="11",
2128     PAGES ="190-208",
2129     YEAR ="1981"}
2130    
2131     @ARTICLE{labo00,
2132     AUTHOR ="Joseph LaCasce and Amy S. Bower",
2133     TITLE ="Relative Dispersion in the Subsurface {North Atlantic}",
2134     JOURNAL =jmr,
2135     VOLUME ="58",
2136     PAGES ="863-894",
2137     YEAR ="2000"}
2138    
2139     @ARTICLE{bolo94,
2140     TITLE ="A Closer Look at Particle Exchange in the Gulf Stream",
2141     AUTHOR ="Amy S. Bower and M. Susan Lozier",
2142     JOURNAL =jpo,
2143     VOLUME ="24",
2144     PAGES ="1399-1418",
2145     YEAR ="1994"}
2146    
2147     @ARTICLE{boro89,
2148     TITLE ="Evidence of cross-frontal exchange processes in the {Gulf Stream} based on isopycnal {RAFOS} float data",
2149     AUTHOR ="Amy S. Bower and T. Rossby",
2150     JOURNAL =jmr,
2151     VOLUME ="19",
2152     PAGES ="1177-1190",
2153     YEAR ="1989"}
2154    
2155     @ARTICLE{roma00,
2156     AUTHOR ="Malcom J. Roberts and David P. Marshall",
2157     TITLE ="On the Validity of Downgradient Eddy Closures in Ocean Models",
2158     JOURNAL =jgr,
2159     VOLUME ="105",
2160     NUMBER ="C12",
2161     PAGES ="28,613-28,627",
2162     YEAR ="2000"}
2163    
2164     @ARTICLE{ma01,
2165     AUTHOR ="David P. Marshall",
2166     TITLE ="An implicit formula for boundary current separation",
2167     JOURNAL =jpo,
2168     VOLUME ="31",
2169     NUMBER ="6",
2170     PAGES ="1633-1638",
2171     YEAR ="2001"}
2172    
2173     @UNPUBLISHED{ieyo94,
2174     AUTHOR ="G. R. Ierley and W. R. Young",
2175     TITLE ="A Discussion of Boundary Conditions and Potential Vorticity Balances in Quasigeostrophic General Circulation Models",
2176     NOTE ="{\emph{unpublished manuscript}}",
2177     YEAR ="1994"}
2178    
2179     @ARTICLE{cecoyo90,
2180     AUTHOR ="Paola Cessi and R. Vance Condi and William R. Young",
2181     TITLE ="Dissipative Dynamics of Western Boundary Currents",
2182     JOURNAL =jmr,
2183     VOLUME ="48",
2184     PAGES ="677-700",
2185     YEAR ="1990"}
2186    
2187     @ARTICLE{ceie95,
2188     AUTHOR ="Cessi, P. and Ierley, G. R.",
2189     TITLE ="Symmetry-Breaking Multiple Equilibria in Quasi-geostrophic, Wind-Driven Flows",
2190     JOURNAL =jpo,
2191     VOLUME ="25",
2192     ISSUE ="6",
2193     PAGES ="1196-1205",
2194     YEAR ="1990"}
2195    
2196     @ARTICLE{ieyo88,
2197     AUTHOR ="G. R. Ierley and W. R. Young",
2198     TITLE ="Inertial Recirculation in a Beta-Plane Corner",
2199     JOURNAL =jpo,
2200     VOLUME ="18",
2201     NUMBER ="4",
2202     PAGES ="683-689",
2203     YEAR ="1991"}
2204    
2205     @ARTICLE{ieyo91,
2206     AUTHOR ="G. R. Ierley and W. R. Young",
2207     TITLE ="Viscous Instabilities in the Western Boundary-Layer",
2208     JOURNAL =jpo,
2209     VOLUME ="21",
2210     NUMBER ="9",
2211     PAGES ="1323-1332",
2212     YEAR ="1991"}
2213    
2214     @ARTICLE{iesh95,
2215     AUTHOR ="Glenn R. Ierley and Vitalii A. Sheremet",
2216     TITLE ="Multiple Solutions and Advection-Dominated Flows in the Wind-Driven Circulation. {Part I: S}lip",
2217     JOURNAL =jmr,
2218     VOLUME ="53",
2219     NUMBER ="5",
2220     PAGES ="703-737",
2221     YEAR ="1995"}
2222    
2223     @ARTICLE{sh02,
2224     AUTHOR ="Vitalii A. Sheremet",
2225     TITLE ="Inertial Gyre Driven by a Zonal Jet Emerging from the Western Boundary",
2226     JOURNAL =jpo,
2227     VOLUME ="32",
2228     NUMBER ="8",
2229     PAGES ="2361-2378",
2230     YEAR ="2002"}
2231    
2232     @ARTICLE{mcweya94,
2233     AUTHOR ="J. C. {McWilliams} and J. B. Weiss and I. Yavneh",
2234     TITLE ="Anisotropy and Coherent Structures in Planetary Turbulence",
2235     JOURNAL ="Science",
2236     VOLUME ="264",
2237     PAGES ="410-413",
2238     YEAR ="1994"}
2239    
2240     @ARTICLE{wu77,
2241     AUTHOR ="Carl Wunsch",
2242     TITLE ="Determining the General Circulation of the Oceans: A Preliminary Discussion",
2243     JOURNAL ="Science",
2244     VOLUME ="196",
2245     PAGES ="871-875",
2246     YEAR ="1977"}
2247    
2248     @ARTICLE{chsc96,
2249     AUTHOR ="D. B. Chelton and M. G. Schlax",
2250     TITLE ="Global observations of oceanic {Rossby} waves",
2251     JOURNAL ="Science",
2252     VOLUME ="272",
2253     PAGES ="234-238",
2254     YEAR ="1996"}
2255    
2256    
2257     @ARTICLE{pe86,
2258     TITLE ="The Buoyancy and Wind-Driven Ventilated Thermocline",
2259     AUTHOR ="J. Pedlosky",
2260     JOURNAL =jpo,
2261     VOLUME ="16",
2262     PAGES ="1077-1087",
2263     YEAR ="1986"}
2264    
2265     @ARTICLE{pe87b,
2266     AUTHOR ="J. Pedlosky",
2267     TITLE ="On {Parsons'} Model of the Ventilated Thermocline",
2268     JOURNAL =jpo,
2269     VOLUME ="17",
2270     PAGES ="1571-1582",
2271     YEAR ="1987"}
2272    
2273     @ARTICLE{pl72,
2274     AUTHOR ="G. W. Platzman",
2275     TITLE ="Two-Dimensional Free Oscillations in Natural Basins",
2276     JOURNAL =jpo,
2277     VOLUME ="2",
2278     PAGES ="117-137",
2279     YEAR ="1972"}
2280    
2281     @ARTICLE{kichds97,
2282     AUTHOR ="Killworth, Peter D. and Dudley B. Chelton and Roland A. {de Szoeke}",
2283     TITLE ="The Speed of Observed and Theoretical Long Extratropical Planetary Waves",
2284     JOURNAL =jpo,
2285     VOLUME ="27",
2286     PAGES ="1946-1966",
2287     YEAR ="1997"}
2288    
2289     @ARTICLE{wedc03,
2290     AUTHOR ="D. J. Webb and B. A. {de Cuevas}",
2291     TITLE ="The Region of Large Sea Surface Height Variability in the {Southeast Pacific Ocean}",
2292     JOURNAL =jpo,
2293     VOLUME ="33",
2294     PAGES ="1044-1056",
2295     YEAR ="2003"}
2296    
2297     @ARTICLE{fuvape91,
2298     AUTHOR ="L. L. Fu and J. Vazquez and C. Perigaud",
2299     TITLE ="Fitting Dynamic Models to the {GEOSAT} Sea Level Observations in the Tropical Pacific Ocean, {Part I: A} Free Wave Model",
2300     JOURNAL =jpo,
2301     VOLUME ="21",
2302     PAGES ="798-809",
2303     YEAR ="1991"}
2304    
2305     @ARTICLE{me00,
2306     AUTHOR ="S. P. Meacham",
2307     TITLE ="Low-frequency variability in the wind-driven circulation",
2308     JOURNAL =jpo,
2309     VOLUME ="30",
2310     PAGES ="269-293",
2311     YEAR ="2000"}
2312    
2313     @ARTICLE{bjhu03,
2314     AUTHOR ="M. {Ben Jelloul} and T. Huck",
2315     TITLE ="Basin-mode interactions and selection by the mean flow in a reduced-gravity quasigeostrophic model",
2316     JOURNAL =jpo,
2317     VOLUME ="33",
2318     PAGES ="2320-2332",
2319     YEAR ="2003"}
2320    
2321     @ARTICLE{fusm96,
2322     AUTHOR ="L. L. Fu and R. D. Smith",
2323     TITLE ="Global ocean circulation from satellite altimetry and high-resolution computer simulation",
2324     JOURNAL =bams,
2325     VOLUME ="77",
2326     PAGES ="2625-2636",
2327     YEAR ="1996"}
2328    
2329     @INCOLLECTION{fu01,
2330     AUTHOR ={L. L. Fu},
2331     TITLE ={Ocean Circulation and Variability from Satellite Altimetry},
2332     BOOKTITLE ={Ocean Circulation and Climate},
2333     EDITOR ="G. Siedler and J. Church and J. Gould",
2334     PAGES ="141-172",
2335     YEAR ="2001",
2336     PUBLISHER ="Academic Press"}
2337    
2338     @INCOLLECTION{lanu01,
2339     AUTHOR ={W. G. Large and A. J. Nurser},
2340     TITLE ={Ocean Surface Water Mass Transformation},
2341     BOOKTITLE ={Ocean Circulation and Climate},
2342     EDITOR ="G. Siedler and J. Church and J. Gould",
2343     PAGES ="317-336",
2344     YEAR ="2001",
2345     PUBLISHER ="Academic Press"}
2346    
2347     @ARTICLE{ko41,
2348     AUTHOR ="Kolmogorov, A. N.",
2349     TITLE ="The local structure of turbulence in incrompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds number",
2350     JOURNAL ="Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR",
2351     VOLUME ="30",
2352     PAGES ="9-13",
2353     YEAR ="1941"}
2354    
2355     @ARTICLE{kashpabe95,
2356     AUTHOR ="Victor M. Kamenkovich and Vitalii A. Sheremet and A. R. Pashtushkov and S.O. Belotserkovsky",
2357     TITLE ="Analysis of the Barotropic Model of the Subtropical Gyre in the Ocean for Finite {Reynolds} Numbers, {Part I}",
2358     JOURNAL =jmr,
2359     VOLUME ="53",
2360     PAGES ="959-994",
2361     YEAR ="1995"}
2362    
2363     @ARTICLE{shkapa95,
2364     AUTHOR ="Vitalii A. Sheremet and Victor M. Kamenkovich and A. R. Pashtushkov",
2365     TITLE ="Analysis for the Barotropic Model of the Subtropical Gyre in the OCean for Finite {Reynolds} Numbers, {Part II}",
2366     JOURNAL =jmr,
2367     VOLUME ="53",
2368     PAGES ="995-1024",
2369     YEAR ="1995"}
2370    
2371     @ARTICLE{shieka97,
2372     AUTHOR ="Vitalii A. Sheremet and Glenn R. Ierley and Vladimir M. Kamenkovich",
2373     TITLE ="Eigenanalysis of the Two-Dimensional Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation Problem",
2374     JOURNAL =jmr,
2375     VOLUME ="55",
2376     PAGES ="57-92",
2377     YEAR ="1997"}
2378    
2379     @ARTICLE{ba98,
2380     AUTHOR ="Victor Barcilon",
2381     TITLE ="On the Barotropic Ocean with Bottom Friction",
2382     JOURNAL =jmr,
2383     VOLUME ="56",
2384     NUMBER ="4",
2385     PAGES ="731-771",
2386     YEAR ="1998"}
2387    
2388     @ARTICLE{lps,
2389     AUTHOR ="Luyten, J. R. and Pedlosky, J. and Stommel, H. M.",
2390     TITLE ="The ventilated thermocline",
2391     JOURNAL =jpo,
2392     VOLUME ="13",
2393     PAGES ="292-309",
2394     YEAR ="1983"}
2395    
2396     @ARTICLE{edpe98,
2397     AUTHOR ="Christopher A. Edwards and Joseph Pedlosky",
2398     TITLE ="Dynamics of Nonlinear Cross-Equatorial Flow. {Part I: P}otential Vorticity Transformation",
2399     JOURNAL =jpo,
2400     VOLUME ="28",
2401     PAGES ="2382-2406",
2402     YEAR ="1998"}
2403    
2404     @ARTICLE{Abramopoulos1988,
2405     AUTHOR = {F. Abramopoulos},
2406     TITLE = {{Generalized energy and potential enstrophy conserving finite difference schemes for the shallow water equations}},
2407     JOURNAL = mwr,
2408     VOLUME = 116,
2409     PAGES = {650-662},
2410     YEAR = 1988
2411     }
2412    
2413     @BOOK{Abramowitz:Stegun1965,
2414     AUTHOR = {M. Abramowitz and I.A. Stegun},
2415     TITLE = {{Handbook of mathematical functions}},
2416     PAGES = 1046,
2417     YEAR = 1965,
2418     PUBLISHER = {{Dover, New York}}
2419     }
2420    
2421     @ARTICLE{Agustsdottir:etal1998,
2422     AUTHOR = {A. M. Agustsdottir and R. B. Alley and D. Pollard and
2423     W. H. Peterson},
2424     TITLE = {{Ekman transport and upwelling during Younger Dryas
2425     estimated from wind stress from GENESIS climate
2426     model experiments with variable {North Atlantic} heat
2427     convergence}},
2428     JOURNAL = {},
2429     VOLUME = {},
2430     PAGES = {},
2431     YEAR = 1998
2432     }
2433    
2434     @ARTICLE{Albrecht:etal1979,
2435     AUTHOR = {B. A. Albrecht and A. K. Betts and W. H. Schubert and S. K. Cox},
2436     TITLE = {{A model of the thermodynamic structure of the trade wind boundary layer. Part {I}: Theoretical formulation and sensitivity tests}},
2437     JOURNAL = jas,
2438     VOLUME = 36,
2439     PAGES = {73-89},
2440     YEAR = 1979
2441     }
2442    
2443     @ARTICLE{Albrecht1979,
2444     AUTHOR = {B. A. Albrecht},
2445     TITLE = {{A model of the thermodynamic structure of the trade wind boundary layer. Part {II}: Applications}},
2446     JOURNAL = jas,
2447     VOLUME = 36,
2448     PAGES = {90-98},
2449     YEAR = 1979
2450     }
2451    
2452     @ARTICLE{Albrecht1993,
2453     AUTHOR = {B. A. Albrecht},
2454     TITLE = {{Effects of precipitation on the thermodynamic structure of
2455     the trade wind boundary layer}},
2456     JOURNAL = jgr,
2457     VOLUME = 98,
2458     PAGES = {7327-7337},
2459     YEAR = 1993
2460     }
2461    
2462     @ARTICLE{Albrecht:etal1985,
2463     AUTHOR = {B. A. Albrecht and R. Penc and W. H. Schubert},
2464     TITLE = {{An observational study of cloud-topped mixed layers}},
2465     JOURNAL = jas,
2466     VOLUME = 42,
2467     PAGES = {800-822},
2468     YEAR = 1985
2469     }
2470    
2471     @ARTICLE{Albrecht:etal1995a,
2472     AUTHOR = {B. A. Albrecht and M. P. Jensen and W. J. Syrett},
2473     TITLE = {{Marine boundary structure and fractional cloudiness}},
2474     JOURNAL = jgr,
2475     VOLUME = {100},
2476     PAGES = {14209-14222},
2477     YEAR = 1995,
2478     OPTNOTE = {}
2479     }
2480    
2481     @ARTICLE{Albrecht:etal1995b,
2482     AUTHOR = {B. A. Albrecht and C. S. Bretherton and D. Johnson and
2483     W. H. Schubert and A. S. Frisch},
2484     TITLE = {{The Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment - ASTEX}},
2485     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
2486     VOLUME = {76},
2487     PAGES = {889-904},
2488     YEAR = 1995,
2489     OPTNOTE = {}
2490     }
2491    
2492     @ARTICLE{Alexander1992a,
2493     AUTHOR = {M. A. Alexander},
2494     TITLE = {{Midlatitude atmosphere-ocean interaction during {El Ni\~no}.
2495     Part {I}: The {North Pacific Ocean}}},
2496     JOURNAL = jc,
2497     VOLUME = 5,
2498     PAGES = {944-958},
2499     YEAR = 1992
2500     }
2501    
2502     @ARTICLE{Alexander1992b,
2503     AUTHOR = {M. A. Alexander},
2504     TITLE = {{Midlatitude atmosphere-ocean interaction during {El Ni\~no}.
2505     Part {I}: The northern hemisphere}},
2506     JOURNAL = jc,
2507     VOLUME = 5,
2508     PAGES = {959-972},
2509     YEAR = 1992
2510     }
2511    
2512     @INCOLLECTION{Alley:etal1999,
2513     AUTHOR = {R. B. Alley and P. U. Clark and L. D. Keigwin
2514     and R. S. Webb},
2515     TITLE = {{Making sense of millennial-scale climate change}},
2516     EDITOR = {{P. U. Clark and R. S. Webb and L.D. Keigwin}},
2517     BOOKTITLE = {{Mechanisms of millenial scale global
2518     climate change}},
2519     PAGES = {385-394},
2520     YEAR = 1999,
2521     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysical Union, Washington}
2522     }
2523    
2524     @ARTICLE{Anderson:McCreary1985,
2525     AUTHOR = {Anderson, D.L.T. and J.P. McCreary},
2526     TITLE = {Slowly propagating disturbances in a coupled
2527     ocean-atmosphere model.},
2528     JOURNAL = jas,
2529     YEAR = 1985,
2530     VOLUME = 42,
2531     PAGES = {615-629}
2532     }
2533    
2534     @ARTICLE{Andreas:etal1984,
2535     AUTHOR = {E. L. Andreas and W. B. Tucker and S. F. Ackley},
2536     TITLE = {{Atmospheric boundary layer modification, drag
2537     coefficient, and surface flux in the Antarctic
2538     marginal ice zone.}},
2539     JOURNAL = jgr,
2540     YEAR = 1984,
2541     VOLUME = 89,
2542     PAGES = {649-661}
2543     }
2544    
2545     @BOOK{Andrich1989,
2546     AUTHOR = {P. Andrich},
2547     TITLE = {{D\`evelopment de mod\`eles num\`eriques oc\`eaniques pour l'\`etude du couplage oc\`ean-atmospher\`e en zone tropicale. }},
2548     YEAR = 1989,
2549     PUBLISHER = {{Th\`ese de doctorat. Universit\`e Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris}}
2550     }
2551    
2552     @ARTICLE{Arakawa1966,
2553     AUTHOR = {Arakawa, A.},
2554     TITLE = {{Computational design for long-term numerical integration of the equations of fluid motion: Two-dimensional incompressible flow}},
2555     JOURNAL = {J. Comput. Phys.},
2556     VOLUME = 1,
2557     PAGES = {119-143},
2558     YEAR = 1966
2559     }
2560    
2561     @INCOLLECTION{Arakawa1993,
2562     AUTHOR = {Arakawa, A.},
2563     TITLE = {{Closure assumptions in the cumulus parameterization problem}},
2564     EDITOR = {{K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond}},
2565     BOOKTITLE = {{The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models}},
2566     PAGES = {1-17},
2567     YEAR = 1993,
2568     PUBLISHER = {American Meteorological Society, Boston}
2569     }
2570    
2571     @INCOLLECTION{Arakawa:Cheng1993,
2572     AUTHOR = {Arakawa, A. and M.-D. Cheng},
2573     TITLE = {{The Arakawa-Schubert Cumulus Parameterization}},
2574     EDITOR = {{K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond}},
2575     BOOKTITLE = {{The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models}},
2576     PAGES = {123-136},
2577     YEAR = 1993,
2578     PUBLISHER = {American Meteorological Society, Boston}
2579     }
2580    
2581     @ARTICLE{Arakawa:Schubert1974,
2582     AUTHOR = {Arakawa, A. and W. H. Schubert},
2583     TITLE = {{Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part {I}}},
2584     JOURNAL = jas,
2585     VOLUME = {31},
2586     PAGES = {674-701},
2587     YEAR = 1974
2588     }
2589    
2590     @ARTICLE{Arkin:Janowiak1991,
2591     AUTHOR = {Arkin, A. and J. Janowiak},
2592     TITLE = {{Analyses of the global distribution of precipitation}},
2593     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans},
2594     VOLUME = {16},
2595     PAGES = {5-16},
2596     YEAR = 1991
2597     }
2598    
2599     @ARTICLE{Atlas:etal1991,
2600     AUTHOR = {Atlas, R. and. S. C. Bloom and R. N. Hoffman and
2601     J. Ardizzone and G. Brin},
2602     TITLE = {{Space-based surface wind vectors to aid understanding of
2603     air-sea interactions}},
2604     JOURNAL = {Eos. Trans. AGU.},
2605     VOLUME = {72},
2606     PAGES = {201-208},
2607     YEAR = 1991
2608     }
2609    
2610     @INCOLLECTION{Augstein1978,
2611     AUTHOR = {Augstein, E.},
2612     TITLE = {{The atmospheric boundary layer over the tropical oceans}},
2613     EDITOR = {{D. B. Shaw}},
2614     BOOKTITLE = {{Meteorology over the Tropical Oceans}},
2615     PAGES = {73-104},
2616     YEAR = 1978,
2617     PUBLISHER = {Roy. Meteor. Soc.}
2618     }
2619    
2620     @BOOK{Babuska:etal1983,
2621     AUTHOR = {I. Babuska and J. Chandra and J.E. Flaherty},
2622     TITLE = {{Adaptive computation methods for partial differential equations}},
2623     YEAR = 1983,
2624     PUBLISHER = {{SIAM}}
2625     }
2626    
2627     @ARTICLE{Baik:etal1990,
2628     AUTHOR = {Baik, J.-J. and M. DeMaria and S. Raman},
2629     TITLE = {{Tropical cyclone simulations with the Betts convective
2630     adjustment scheme. Part I: Model description and
2631     control simulation}},
2632     JOURNAL = mwr,
2633     VOLUME = 119,
2634     PAGES = {513-528},
2635     YEAR = 1990
2636     }
2637    
2638     @ARTICLE{Bard:etal1997,
2639     AUTHOR = {E. Bard and F. Rostek and C. Sonzongni},
2640     TITLE = {{Interhemispheric synchrony of the last deglaciation
2641     inferred from alkenone paleothermometry}},
2642     JOURNAL = {Nature},
2643     VOLUME = 385,
2644     PAGES = {707-710},
2645     YEAR = 1997
2646     }
2647    
2648     @ARTICLE{Barnett1983,
2649     AUTHOR = {Barnett, T. P.},
2650     TITLE = {{Interaction of the monsoon and Pacific trade wind systems at interannual time scales. Part I: The equatorial zone}},
2651     JOURNAL = mwr,
2652     VOLUME = 111,
2653     PAGES = {756-773},
2654     YEAR = 1983
2655     }
2656    
2657     @ARTICLE{Barnett:etal1988,
2658     AUTHOR = {Barnett, T. P. and N. Graham and M. A. Cane and S. E. Zebiak and S. Dolan and J. J. O'Brien and D. Legler},
2659     TITLE = {{On the prediction of the El Ni\~no of 1986-1987}},
2660     JOURNAL = {Science},
2661     VOLUME = 241,
2662     PAGES = {192-196},
2663     YEAR = 1988
2664     }
2665    
2666     @ARTICLE{Barnett:etal1991,
2667     AUTHOR = {Barnett, T. P. and M. Latif and E. Kirk and E. Roeckner},
2668     TITLE = {{On ENSO physics}},
2669     JOURNAL = jc,
2670     VOLUME = 4,
2671     PAGES = {487-515},
2672     YEAR = 1991
2673     }
2674    
2675     @ARTICLE{Barnett:etal1993,
2676     AUTHOR = {{Barnett, T.P., M. Latif, N. Graham, M. Fl\"{u}gel,
2677     S. Pazan and W. White}},
2678     TITLE = {{ENSO and ENSO-related predictability. Part I: Prediction of
2679     equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature with a hybrid coupled
2680     ocean-atmosphere model}},
2681     JOURNAL = jc,
2682     YEAR = 1993,
2683     VOLUME = 6,
2684     PAGES = {1545-1566}
2685     }
2686    
2687     @ARTICLE{Barnett:etal1999,
2688     AUTHOR = {{Barnett, T.P., D. W. Pierce, R. Saravanan, N. Schneider, D. Dommenget, M. Latif}},
2689     TITLE = {{Origins of the midlatitude Pacific decadal variability}},
2690     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
2691     YEAR = 1999,
2692     VOLUME = 26,
2693     PAGES = {1453-1456}
2694     }
2695    
2696     @ARTICLE{Barnston:Livezey1987,
2697     AUTHOR = {A. Barnston and R. E. Livezey},
2698     TITLE = {{Classification, seasonality and persistence of
2699     low-frequency circulation patterns}},
2700     JOURNAL = mwr,
2701     VOLUME = 115,
2702     PAGES = {1083-1126},
2703     YEAR = 1987
2704     }
2705    
2706     @ARTICLE{Barsugli:Battisti1998,
2707     AUTHOR = {J. J. Barsugli and D. S. Battisti},
2708     TITLE = {{The basic effects of atmosphere
2709     ocean thermal coupling on midlatitude variability.}},
2710     JOURNAL = jas,
2711     VOLUME = {55},
2712     PAGES = {477-493},
2713     YEAR = 1998,
2714     NOTE = {}
2715     }
2716    
2717     @ARTICLE{Bates1999,
2718     AUTHOR = {J. R. Bates},
2719     TITLE = {{A dynamical stabilizer in the climate system: a mechanism
2720     suggested by a simple model}},
2721     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
2722     VOLUME = {51A},
2723     PAGES = {349-372},
2724     YEAR = 1999,
2725     NOTE = {}
2726     }
2727    
2728     @ARTICLE{we61,
2729     AUTHOR = {Ferris Webster},
2730     TITLE = {{The Effect of Meanders on the Kinetic Energy Balance of the Gulf Stream}},
2731     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
2732     VOLUME = {13},
2733     PAGES = {392-401},
2734     YEAR = {1961},
2735     NOTE = {}
2736     }
2737    
2738     @ARTICLE{scst98,
2739     AUTHOR = {Scott, R. B. and Straub, D. N.},
2740     TITLE = {Small Viscosity Behavior of a Homogeneous, Quasigeostrophic, Ocean Circulation Model},
2741     JOURNAL = jmr,
2742     VOLUME = {56},
2743     PAGES = {1225-1258},
2744     YEAR = {1998},
2745     NOTE = {}
2746     }
2747    
2748     @ARTICLE{Battisti1988,
2749     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D.S.},
2750     TITLE = {The dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in
2751     a coupled tropical atmosphere/ocean model.},
2752     JOURNAL = jas,
2753     YEAR = 1988,
2754     VOLUME = 45,
2755     PAGES = {2889-2919}
2756     }
2757    
2758     @BOOK{Battisti1988th,
2759     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D. S.},
2760     TITLE = {{Dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in a tropical atmosphere/ocean model}},
2761     PAGES = 153,
2762     YEAR = 1988,
2763     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis}}
2764     }
2765    
2766     @ARTICLE{Battisti:Hirst1989,
2767     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D. S. and A. C. Hirst},
2768     TITLE = {{Interannual variability in the tropical atmosphere/ocean system: influence of the basic state and ocean geometry}},
2769     JOURNAL = jas,
2770     VOLUME = 46,
2771     PAGES = {1687-1712},
2772     YEAR = 1989
2773     }
2774    
2775     @ARTICLE{Battisti:etal1995,
2776     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D. S. and U. S. Bhatt and M. A. Alexander},
2777     TITLE = {{A modeling study of the interannual variability in the
2778     wintertime North Atlantic Ocean}},
2779     JOURNAL = jc,
2780     VOLUME = 8,
2781     PAGES = {3067-3083},
2782     YEAR = 1995
2783     }
2784    
2785     @BOOK{Baumgartner:Reichel1975,
2786     AUTHOR = {A. Baumgartner and E. Reichel},
2787     TITLE = {{The world water balance: Mean annual global, continental and maritime precipitation, evaporation and run-off}},
2788     PAGES = 179,
2789     FIGS = {maps, 31},
2790     YEAR = 1975,
2791     PUBLISHER = {{Elsevier, Amsterdam}}
2792     }
2793    
2794     @ARTICLE{Beljaars:Holtslag1984,
2795     AUTHOR = {Beljaars, A. C. M. and A. A. M. Holtslag},
2796     TITLE = {{Flux parameterization over land surfaces for
2797     atmospheric models}},
2798     JOURNAL = {J. Appl. Meteor.},
2799     YEAR = 1984,
2800     VOLUME = 30,
2801     PAGES = {327-341}
2802     }
2803    
2804     @INCOLLECTION{Bengston1986,
2805     AUTHOR = {L. Begnston},
2806     TITLE = {{Four dimensional data assimilation. }},
2807     EDITOR = {{}},
2808     BOOKTITLE = {{International Conference on the results of the Global Weather Experiment and Their Implications for the World Weather Watch May 1985,}},
2809     PAGES = {27-31},
2810     YEAR = 1986,
2811     PUBLISHER = {Geneva, Switzerland. WMO/TD No. 107, GARP Pub.No.26, I: 187-216.}
2812     }
2813    
2814     @ARTICLE{Bennett:Budgell1987,
2815     AUTHOR = {A.F. Bennett and W.P. Budgell},
2816     TITLE = {{Ocean Data Assimilation and the Kalman Filter:
2817     Spatial Regularity}},
2818     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
2819     YEAR = 1987,
2820     VOLUME = 17,
2821     PAGES = {1584-1601}
2822     }
2823    
2824     @TECHREPORT{Berliand:Berliand1952,
2825     AUTHOR = {M. E. Berliand and T. G. Berliand},
2826     TITLE = {{Determining the net longwave radiation of the Earth
2827     with consideration of the effect of cloudiness (in Russian)}},
2828     INSTITUTION = {Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR Ser. Geofiz.},
2829     YEAR = 1952,
2830     NUMBER = 1,
2831     PAGES = {}
2832     }
2833    
2834     @ARTICLE{Betts1973,
2835     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2836     TITLE = {{Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its
2837     parameterization}},
2838     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
2839     VOLUME = 99,
2840     PAGES = {178-196},
2841     YEAR = 1973
2842     }
2843    
2844     @ARTICLE{Betts1975,
2845     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2846     TITLE = {{Parametric interpretation of trade-wind cumulus budget studies}},
2847     JOURNAL = jas,
2848     VOLUME = 32,
2849     PAGES = {1934-1945},
2850     YEAR = 1975
2851     }
2852    
2853     @ARTICLE{Betts1976,
2854     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2855     TITLE = {{Modeling subcloud layer structure and interaction with a
2856     shallow cumulus layer}},
2857     JOURNAL = jas,
2858     VOLUME = 33,
2859     PAGES = {2363-2382},
2860     YEAR = 1976
2861     }
2862    
2863     @ARTICLE{Betts1982a,
2864     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2865     TITLE = {{Saturation point analysis of moist convective overturning}},
2866     JOURNAL = jas,
2867     VOLUME = 39,
2868     PAGES = {1484-1505},
2869     YEAR = 1982
2870     }
2871    
2872     @ARTICLE{Betts1982b,
2873     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2874     TITLE = {{Cloud thermodynamic models in saturation point coordinates}},
2875     JOURNAL = jas,
2876     VOLUME = 39,
2877     PAGES = {2182-2191},
2878     YEAR = 1982
2879     }
2880    
2881     @ARTICLE{Betts1986,
2882     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2883     TITLE = {{A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: Observational and theoretical basis}},
2884     JOURNAL = {Q.J.Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
2885     VOLUME = 112,
2886     PAGES = {677-691},
2887     YEAR = 1986
2888     }
2889    
2890     @ARTICLE{Betts1990,
2891     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2892     TITLE = {{Greenhouse warming and the tropical water vapor budget}},
2893     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
2894     VOLUME = 71,
2895     PAGES = {1465-1467},
2896     YEAR = 1986
2897     }
2898    
2899     @ARTICLE{Betts1995,
2900     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2901     TITLE = {{A lagged mixing parameterization for the dry convective
2902     boundary layer}},
2903     JOURNAL = mwr,
2904     VOLUME = 123,
2905     PAGES = {1912-1915},
2906     YEAR = 1995
2907     }
2908    
2909     @ARTICLE{Betts:Albrecht1987,
2910     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and B. A. Albrecht},
2911     TITLE = {{Conserved variable analysis of boundary layer thermodynamic
2912     structure over the tropical oceans}},
2913     JOURNAL = jas,
2914     VOLUME = 44,
2915     PAGES = {83-99},
2916     YEAR = 1987
2917     }
2918    
2919     @ARTICLE{Betts:Boers1990,
2920     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and R. Boers},
2921     TITLE = {{A cloudiness transition in a marine boundary layer}},
2922     JOURNAL = jas,
2923     VOLUME = 46,
2924     PAGES = {2621-2641},
2925     YEAR = 1990
2926     }
2927    
2928     @ARTICLE{Betts:Miller1986,
2929     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and M. J. Miller},
2930     TITLE = {{A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column
2931     tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and arctic
2932     air-mass data sets}},
2933     JOURNAL = {Q.J.Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
2934     VOLUME = 112,
2935     PAGES = {693-709},
2936     YEAR = 1986
2937     }
2938    
2939     @INCOLLECTION{Betts:Miller1993,
2940     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and M. J. Miller},
2941     TITLE = {{The Betts-Miller scheme}},
2942     EDITOR = {{K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond}},
2943     BOOKTITLE = {{The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models}},
2944     PAGES = {107-121},
2945     YEAR = 1993,
2946     PUBLISHER = {American Meteorological Society, Boston}
2947     }
2948    
2949     @ARTICLE{Betts:Ridgway1988,
2950     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and W. Ridgway},
2951     TITLE = {{Coupling of radiative, convective, and surface fluxes over
2952     the equatorial Pacific}},
2953     JOURNAL = jas,
2954     VOLUME = 45,
2955     PAGES = {522-536},
2956     YEAR = 1988
2957     }
2958    
2959     @ARTICLE{Betts:Ridgway1989,
2960     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and W. Ridgway},
2961     TITLE = {{Climatic equilibrium of the atmospheric convective boundary
2962     layer over a tropical ocean}},
2963     JOURNAL = jas,
2964     VOLUME = 46,
2965     PAGES = {2621-2641},
2966     YEAR = 1989
2967     }
2968    
2969     @ARTICLE{Betts:Ridgway1992,
2970     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and W. Ridgway},
2971     TITLE = {{Tropical boundary layer equilibrium in the last ice age}},
2972     JOURNAL = jgr,
2973     VOLUME = 97,
2974     PAGES = {2529-2534},
2975     YEAR = 1992
2976     }
2977    
2978     @ARTICLE{Betts:etal1995,
2979     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and C. S. Bretherton and E. Klinker},
2980     TITLE = {{Relation between mean boundary-layer structure and
2981     cloudiness at the R/V {\em Valdivia} during ASTEX}},
2982     JOURNAL = jas,
2983     VOLUME = 52,
2984     PAGES = {2752-2762},
2985     YEAR = 1995
2986     }
2987    
2988     @ARTICLE{Bhatt:etal1998,
2989     AUTHOR = {U. S. Bhatt and M. A. Alexander and D. S. Battisti and
2990     D. D. Houghton and L. M. Keller},
2991     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-ocean interaction in the North Atlantic:
2992     Near-surface variability}},
2993     JOURNAL = jc,
2994     VOLUME = 11,
2995     PAGES = {1615-1632},
2996     YEAR = 1998
2997     }
2998    
2999     @BOOK{Bigg1996,
3000     AUTHOR = {G. R. Bigg},
3001     TITLE = {{The Oceans and Climate}},
3002     PAGES = 266,
3003     YEAR = 1996,
3004     PUBLISHER = {{Cambridge University Press, England, 266pp}}
3005     }
3006    
3007     @ARTICLE{Bishop:Rossow1991,
3008     AUTHOR = {J. K. B. Bishop and W. B. Rossow},
3009     TITLE = {{Spatial and temporal variability of global surface solar irradiance}},
3010     JOURNAL = jgr,
3011     VOLUME = 96,
3012     PAGES = {16 839-16 858},
3013     YEAR = 1991
3014     }
3015    
3016     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1964,
3017     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
3018     TITLE = {{Atlantic air-sea interaction}},
3019     JOURNAL = {Adv. in Geophys.},
3020     VOLUME = 10,
3021     PAGES = {1-82},
3022     YEAR = 1964
3023     }
3024    
3025     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1966,
3026     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
3027     TITLE = {{A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anormalies of ocean temperature.}},
3028     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
3029     VOLUME = 18,
3030     PAGES = {820-29},
3031     YEAR = 1966
3032     }
3033    
3034     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1969,
3035     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
3036     TITLE = {{Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific}},
3037     JOURNAL = mwr,
3038     VOLUME = 97,
3039     PAGES = {163-72},
3040     YEAR = 1969
3041     }
3042    
3043     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1972,
3044     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
3045     TITLE = {{Large-scale atmospheric response to the 1964-65 Pacific equatorial warming}},
3046     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3047     VOLUME = 15,
3048     PAGES = {1255-73},
3049     YEAR = 1972
3050     }
3051    
3052     @ARTICLE{Blade:Hartmann1993,
3053     AUTHOR = {I. Blad\'{e} and D. L. Hartmann},
3054     TITLE = {{Tropical intraseasonal oscillations in a simple nonlinear model}},
3055     JOURNAL = jas,
3056     VOLUME = 50,
3057     PAGES = {2922-2939},
3058     YEAR = 1993
3059     }
3060    
3061     @ARTICLE{Blade1999,
3062     AUTHOR = {I. Blad\'{e}},
3063     TITLE = {{The influence of mid-latitude ocean-atmosphere coupling on
3064     the low-frequency variability of a GCM. Part II:
3065     Interannual variability induced by tropical SST forcing}},
3066     JOURNAL = jc,
3067     VOLUME = 12,
3068     PAGES = {21-45},
3069     YEAR = 1999
3070     }
3071    
3072     @ARTICLE{Blanc1987,
3073     AUTHOR = {T. V. Blanc},
3074     TITLE = {{Accuracy of bulk method determined flux, stability, and sea surface roughness}},
3075     JOURNAL = jgr,
3076     VOLUME = 80,
3077     PAGES = {3867-3876},
3078     YEAR = 1987
3079     }
3080    
3081     @ARTICLE{Blandford1966,
3082     AUTHOR = {Blandford, R.},
3083     TITLE = {{Mixed gravity-{Rossby} waves in the ocean}},
3084     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
3085     YEAR = {1966},
3086     VOLUME = {13},
3087     OPTNUMBER = {},
3088     PAGES = {941-961},
3089     OPTMONTH = {},
3090     OPTNOTE = {}
3091     }
3092    
3093     @ARTICLE{Bleck1979,
3094     AUTHOR = {R. Bleck},
3095     TITLE = {{Finite-difference equations in generalized vertical coordinates. Part II: Potential vorticity conservation}},
3096     JOURNAL = {Contrib. Atmos. Phys.},
3097     VOLUME = 51,
3098     PAGES = {360-372},
3099     YEAR = 1979
3100     }
3101    
3102     @ARTICLE{Bleck:Boudra1981,
3103     AUTHOR = {R. Bleck and D. B. Boudra},
3104     TITLE = {{Initial testing of a numerical ocean circulation model using a hybird (quasi-isopycinc) vertical coordinate}},
3105     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3106     VOLUME = 11,
3107     PAGES = {755-770},
3108     YEAR = 1981
3109     }
3110    
3111     @ARTICLE{Bleck:Boudra1986,
3112     AUTHOR = {R. Bleck and D. B. Boudra},
3113     TITLE = {{Wind-driven spin-up in eddy-resolving ocean models formulated in isopycnic and isobaric coordinates}},
3114     JOURNAL = jgr,
3115     VOLUME = 91,
3116     PAGES = {7611-7621},
3117     YEAR = 1986
3118     }
3119    
3120     @BOOK{Blumenthal1987,
3121     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3122     TITLE = {{Interpretation of equatorial current meter data as internal waves}},
3123     PAGES = 381,
3124     YEAR = 1987,
3125     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis, MIT/WHOI, WHOI-87-7}}
3126     }
3127    
3128     @INPROCEEDINGS{Blumenthal1990,
3129     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3130     TITLE = {Effects of{ West African} air humidity on Atlantic sea surface temperature.},
3131     BOOKTITLE = {Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought},
3132     YEAR = 1990,
3133     EDITOR = {Prof. R. Paepe and Rhodes W. Fairbridge and Saskia Jelgersma},
3134     PAGES = {21-40},
3135     SERIES = {NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
3136     Geohydrological Management of Sea Level and
3137     Mitigation of Drought},
3138     PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
3139     ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}
3140     }
3141    
3142     @ARTICLE{Blumenthal1991,
3143     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3144     TITLE = {Predictability of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model},
3145     JOURNAL = jc,
3146     YEAR = 1991,
3147     VOLUME = {4},
3148     NUMBER = 8,
3149     PAGES = {766-784}
3150     }
3151    
3152     @UNPUBLISHED{Blumenthal1992,
3153     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3154     TITLE = {{An advective air-humidity model}},
3155     YEAR = {1992}
3156     }
3157    
3158     @ARTICLE{Blumenthal:Cane1989,
3159     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal and Mark A. Cane},
3160     TITLE = {{Accounting for parameter uncertainties in model verification: an illustration with tropical sea surface temperature}},
3161     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3162     VOLUME = 19,
3163     PAGES = {815-830},
3164     YEAR = 1989
3165     }
3166    
3167     @ARTICLE{Blumenthal:etal1994,
3168     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal and R. Seager and Mark A. Cane},
3169     TITLE = {{Two dynamical improvements of a model for tropical Pacific
3170     sea surface temperature}},
3171     JOURNAL = {to be submitted to J. Geophys. Res.},
3172     VOLUME = {},
3173     PAGES = {},
3174     YEAR = 1994
3175     }
3176    
3177     @ARTICLE{Boers:Betts1988,
3178     AUTHOR = {R. Boers and A. K. Betts},
3179     TITLE = {{Saturation point structure of marine stratocumulus clouds}},
3180     JOURNAL = jas,
3181     VOLUME = 45,
3182     PAGES = {1156-1175},
3183     YEAR = 1988
3184     }
3185    
3186     @BOOK{Boerstel1988,
3187     AUTHOR = {J. W. Boerstel},
3188     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation in 3-D Euler flow simulation, numerical methods of fluid dynamics 111}},
3189     PAGES = {187-214},
3190     YEAR = 1988,
3191     PUBLISHER = {{Oxford, England}}
3192     }
3193    
3194     @ARTICLE{Bourke:McGregor1983,
3195     AUTHOR = {W. Bourke and J. L. McGregor},
3196     TITLE = {{A nonlinear vertical mode initialization scheme for a
3197     limited area prediction model}},
3198     JOURNAL = mwr,
3199     VOLUME = 111,
3200     PAGES = {2285-2297},
3201     YEAR = 1983
3202     }
3203    
3204     @ARTICLE{Boyle:Keigwin1987,
3205     AUTHOR = {Boyle, E. A. and L. Keigwin},
3206     TITLE = {{North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the past
3207     20,000 years linked to high-latitude surface
3208     temperature}},
3209     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3210     VOLUME = {315},
3211     PAGES = {35-40},
3212     YEAR = {1987}
3213     }
3214    
3215     @ARTICLE{Branscome:etal1989,
3216     AUTHOR = {L. E. Branscome and W. J. Gutowski and D. A. Stewart},
3217     TITLE = {{Effect of surface fluxes on the nonlinear development of
3218     baroclinic waves}},
3219     JOURNAL = jas,
3220     VOLUME = 46,
3221     PAGES = {460-475},
3222     YEAR = 1989
3223     }
3224    
3225     @ARTICLE{Bretherton1982,
3226     AUTHOR = {F. Bretherton},
3227     TITLE = {{Ocean climate modeling}},
3228     JOURNAL = {Progr. Oceanogr.},
3229     VOLUME = 46,
3230     PAGES = {2621-2641},
3231     YEAR = 1982
3232     }
3233    
3234     @ARTICLE{Bretherton1993,
3235     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton},
3236     TITLE = {{Understanding Albrecht's model of trade cumulus cloud fields}},
3237     JOURNAL = jas,
3238     VOLUME = 50,
3239     PAGES = {2264-2283},
3240     YEAR = 1993
3241     }
3242    
3243     @ARTICLE{Bretherton:etal1992,
3244     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton and C. Smith and J. M. Wallace},
3245     TITLE = {{An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns
3246     in climate data}},
3247     JOURNAL = jc,
3248     VOLUME = 5,
3249     PAGES = {541-560},
3250     YEAR = 1992
3251     }
3252    
3253     @ARTICLE{Bretherton:Battisti2000,
3254     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton and D. S. Battisti},
3255     TITLE = {{An interpretation of the results from atmospheric general
3256     circulation models forced by the time history of the
3257     observed sea surface temperature distribution}},
3258     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
3259     VOLUME = {27},
3260     PAGES = {767-770},
3261     YEAR = 2000,
3262     NOTE = {}
3263     }
3264    
3265     @ARTICLE{Bretherton:etal1995,
3266     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton and E. Klinker and A. K Betts and
3267     J. A. Coakley},
3268     TITLE = {{Comparison of ceilometer, satellite and synoptic
3269     measurements of boundary layer cloudiness and the
3270     ECMWF diagnostic cloud parameterization scheme
3271     during ASTEX}},
3272     JOURNAL = jas,
3273     VOLUME = 52,
3274     PAGES = {2736-2751},
3275     YEAR = 1995
3276     }
3277    
3278     @ARTICLE{Briscoe1977,
3279     AUTHOR = {M. Briscoe},
3280     TITLE = {{Gaussianity of internal waves}},
3281     JOURNAL = jgr,
3282     VOLUME = 82,
3283     PAGES = {2117-2126},
3284     YEAR = 1977
3285     }
3286    
3287     @ARTICLE{Broccoli:Manabe1987,
3288     AUTHOR = {Broccoli, A. J. and S. Manabe},
3289     TITLE = {{The influence of continental ice, atmospheric $CO_2$, and
3290     land albedo on the climate of the last glacial maximum}},
3291     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
3292     VOLUME = 1,
3293     PAGES = {87-99},
3294     YEAR = 1987
3295     }
3296    
3297     @ARTICLE{Broecker1987,
3298     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3299     TITLE = {{The biggest chill}},
3300     JOURNAL = {Natural History},
3301     VOLUME = 96,
3302     PAGES = {74-82},
3303     YEAR = 1987
3304     }
3305    
3306     @ARTICLE{Broecker1991,
3307     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3308     TITLE = {{The great ocean conveyor}},
3309     JOURNAL = {Oceanography},
3310     VOLUME = 4,
3311     PAGES = {79-89},
3312     YEAR = 1991
3313     }
3314    
3315     @ARTICLE{Broecker1994,
3316     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3317     TITLE = {{Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global
3318     climate change}},
3319     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3320     VOLUME = 372,
3321     PAGES = {412--424},
3322     YEAR = 1994
3323     }
3324    
3325     @ARTICLE{Broecker1997a,
3326     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3327     TITLE = {{Mountain Glaciers: Recorders of atmospheric water vapor content?}},
3328     JOURNAL = {Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles},
3329     VOLUME = {11},
3330     PAGES = {589-597},
3331     YEAR = 1997
3332     }
3333    
3334     @ARTICLE{Broecker1997b,
3335     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3336     TITLE = {{Thermohaline circulation, the Achilles heel of our climate
3337     system: Will man-made $CO_2$ upset the climate balance?}},
3338     JOURNAL = {Science},
3339     VOLUME = {278},
3340     PAGES = {1582-1588},
3341     YEAR = 1997
3342     }
3343    
3344     @ARTICLE{Broecker:Denton1989,
3345     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker and G. H. Denton},
3346     TITLE = {{The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles}},
3347     JOURNAL = {Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta},
3348     VOLUME = {53},
3349     PAGES = {2465-2501},
3350     YEAR = 1989
3351     }
3352    
3353     @ARTICLE{Broecker:Denton1990,
3354     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker and G. H. Denton},
3355     TITLE = {{What drives glacial cycles?}},
3356     JOURNAL = {Sci. Am.},
3357     VOLUME = {},
3358     PAGES = {49-56},
3359     YEAR = 1990
3360     }
3361    
3362     @ARTICLE{Bryan1969,
3363     AUTHOR = {K. Bryan},
3364     TITLE = {{A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world ocean}},
3365     JOURNAL = {J. Comput. Phys.},
3366     VOLUME = 4,
3367     PAGES = {347-376},
3368     YEAR = 1969
3369     }
3370    
3371     @ARTICLE{Bryan1986F,
3372     AUTHOR = {F. Bryan},
3373     TITLE = {{High-latitude salinity effects and interhemispheric thermohaline circulations}},
3374     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3375     VOLUME = 323,
3376     PAGES = {301-304},
3377     YEAR = 1986
3378     }
3379    
3380     @ARTICLE{Bryan1986K,
3381     AUTHOR = {K. Bryan},
3382     TITLE = {{Poleward bouyancy transport in the ocean and mesoscale eddies}},
3383     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3384     VOLUME = 16,
3385     PAGES = {927-933},
3386     YEAR = 1986
3387     }
3388    
3389     @ARTICLE{Bryan1987,
3390     AUTHOR = {F. Bryan},
3391     TITLE = {{Parameter sensitivity of primitive equation ocean general circulation models}},
3392     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3393     VOLUME = 17,
3394     PAGES = {970-985},
3395     YEAR = 1987
3396     }
3397    
3398     @ARTICLE{Bunker:etal1949,
3399     AUTHOR = {A. Bunker and B. Haurwitz and J.S. Malkus and H. M. Stommel},
3400     TITLE = {{Vertical distribution of temperature and humidity over the Caribbean sea}},
3401     JOURNAL = {Papers in Phys. Oceanogr. and Met. {\rm published by Mass. Inst. Tech. and Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst.}},
3402     VOLUME = 11,
3403     PAGES = {1-82},
3404     YEAR = 1949
3405     }
3406    
3407     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:Cane1983,
3408     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and Mark A. Cane},
3409     TITLE = {{Hindcast of 1982-1983 Pacific sea level}},
3410     JOURNAL = {Papers from 1982-1983 ENSO Data Display Workshop},
3411     PAGES = {147-158},
3412     YEAR = 1983
3413     }
3414    
3415     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:Cane1985,
3416     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and Mark A. Cane},
3417     TITLE = {{Hindcasts of sea level variations during 1982/83 El Ni\~no}},
3418     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3419     VOLUME = 15,
3420     PAGES = {213-221},
3421     YEAR = 1985
3422     }
3423    
3424     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:Cane1988,
3425     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and Mark A. Cane},
3426     TITLE = {{The effect of varying stratification on low-frequency equatorial motions}},
3427     JOURNAL = { J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3428     VOLUME = 18,
3429     PAGES = {213-221},
3430     YEAR = 1988
3431     }
3432    
3433     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:OBrien1981,
3434     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and J.J. O'Brien},
3435     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific in the 1960s}},
3436     JOURNAL = jgr,
3437     VOLUME = 86,
3438     PAGES = {10901-10907},
3439     YEAR = 1981
3440     }
3441    
3442     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:etal1983,
3443     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and K. Takeuchi and J.J. O'Brien},
3444     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific - revisited}},
3445     JOURNAL = {J. of Geophys. Res.},
3446     VOLUME = 88,
3447     PAGES = {7551-7562},
3448     YEAR = 1983
3449     }
3450    
3451     @ARTICLE{Bush:Philander1998,
3452     AUTHOR = {Bush, A. B. G. and S. G. H. Philander},
3453     TITLE = {{The role of ocean-atmosphere interactions in tropical
3454     cooling during the last glacial maximum}},
3455     JOURNAL = {Science},
3456     VOLUME = 279,
3457     PAGES = {1341-1344},
3458     YEAR = 1998
3459     }
3460    
3461     @ARTICLE{Businger:etal1971,
3462     AUTHOR = {Businger, J. A. and J. C. Wyngaard and Y. Izumi and E. F. Bradley},
3463     TITLE = {{Flux-Profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer}},
3464     JOURNAL = jas,
3465     VOLUME = 28,
3466     PAGES = {181-189},
3467     YEAR = 1971
3468     }
3469    
3470     @ARTICLE{Canby1984,
3471     AUTHOR = {Canby, T.Y.},
3472     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no's} Ill Wind},
3473     JOURNAL = {Natl. Geogr.},
3474     YEAR = 1984,
3475     VOLUME = 165,
3476     PAGES = {144-183}
3477     }
3478    
3479     @BOOK{Cane1975,
3480     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3481     TITLE = {{A study of the wind-driven ocean circulation in an equatorial basin}},
3482     PAGES = 372,
3483     YEAR = 1975,
3484     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology}}
3485     }
3486    
3487     @BOOK{numrec,
3488     AUTHOR = {William H. Press and Saul A. Teukolsky and William T. Vetterling and Brian P. Flannery},
3489     TITLE = {{Numerical Recipes in C}},
3490     PAGES = 993,
3491     YEAR = 1992,
3492     Edition = 2,
3493     PUBLISHER = {{Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom}}
3494     }
3495    
3496     @ARTICLE{Cane1979I,
3497     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3498     TITLE = {{The response of an equatorial ocean to simple wind stress patterns I: numerical results}},
3499     JOURNAL = jmr,
3500     VOLUME = 37,
3501     PAGES = { 233-252},
3502     YEAR = { 1979}
3503     }
3504    
3505     @ARTICLE{Cane1979II,
3506     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3507     TITLE = {{The response of an equatorial ocean to simple wind stress patterns II: numerical results}},
3508     JOURNAL = jmr,
3509     VOLUME = 37,
3510     PAGES = {355-398},
3511     YEAR = 1979
3512     }
3513    
3514     @ARTICLE{Cane1980,
3515     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3516     TITLE = {{On the dynamics of equatorial currents with application to the Indian ocean}},
3517     JOURNAL = jmr,
3518     VOLUME = {27A},
3519     PAGES = { 525-544},
3520     YEAR = 1980
3521     }
3522    
3523     @INCOLLECTION{Cane1982,
3524     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3525     TITLE = {{The variability of equatorial currents.}},
3526     EDITOR = {McCreary, J. P. and D. W. Moore and J. Witte},
3527     BOOKTITLE = {{Recent Progress in Equatorial Oceanography}},
3528     PAGES = {197-206},
3529     YEAR = 1982,
3530     PUBLISHER = { Nova/NYIT Press, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida}
3531     }
3532    
3533     @ARTICLE{Cane1983,
3534     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3535     TITLE = {{Oceanographic events during El Ni\~no}},
3536     JOURNAL = {Science},
3537     VOLUME = 222,
3538     PAGES = { 1189-1194},
3539     YEAR = { 1983}
3540     }
3541    
3542     @ARTICLE{Cane1984,
3543     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3544     TITLE = {{Modeling sea level during El Ni\~no}},
3545     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3546     VOLUME = 14,
3547     PAGES = {586-606},
3548     YEAR = 1984
3549     }
3550    
3551     @ARTICLE{Cane1986,
3552     AUTHOR = {Cane, M.A.},
3553     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no}},
3554     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet Sci.},
3555     YEAR = 1986,
3556     VOLUME = 14,
3557     PAGES = {43-70}
3558     }
3559    
3560     @ARTICLE{Cane1986ElNino,
3561     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3562     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no}},
3563     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
3564     VOLUME = 14,
3565     PAGES = {43-70},
3566     YEAR = 1986
3567     }
3568    
3569     @INCOLLECTION{Cane1986Introduction,
3570     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3571     TITLE = {{Introduction to ocean modeling.}},
3572     EDITOR = {J.J. O'Brien},
3573     BOOKTITLE = {{Advanced Physical Oceanographic Numerical Modeling}},
3574     PAGES = {5-21},
3575     YEAR = 1986,
3576     PUBLISHER = {Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland}
3577     }
3578    
3579     @ARTICLE{Cane1989,
3580     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3581     TITLE = {{A mathematical note on Kawase's study of the deep-ocean
3582     circulation}},
3583     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3584     VOLUME = 19,
3585     PAGES = {548-550},
3586     YEAR = 1989
3587     }
3588    
3589     @INCOLLECTION{Cane1991,
3590     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A.},
3591     TITLE = {{Forecasting El Ni\~no with a Geophysical Model}},
3592     BOOKTITLE = {{Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate
3593     Anomalies.}},
3594     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge U. Press},
3595     YEAR = 1991,
3596     EDITOR = {Glantz, M.H. and R.W. Katz and N. Nicholls},
3597     CHAPTER = 11,
3598     PAGES = {345-369},
3599     ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England}
3600     }
3601    
3602     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Busalacchi1987,
3603     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and A.J. Busalacchi},
3604     TITLE = {{Atlantic seasonality: conclusions.}},
3605     EDITOR = {E. Katz and J. Witte},
3606     BOOKTITLE = {{Further Progress in Equatorial Oceanography}},
3607     PAGES = {255-258},
3608     YEAR = { 1987},
3609     PUBLISHER = { Nova University Press, Ft. Lauderdale}
3610     }
3611    
3612     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Cardone1981,
3613     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and V. Cardone},
3614     TITLE = {{The potential impact of scatterometry on oceanography: a wave forecasting case.}},
3615     EDITOR = {J.F. Gower},
3616     BOOKTITLE = {{Oceanography from Spac}},
3617     PAGES = {587-596},
3618     YEAR = 1981,
3619     PUBLISHER = { Plenum Press, New York}
3620     }
3621    
3622     @ARTICLE{Cane:Gent1984,
3623     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and P. Gent},
3624     TITLE = {{Reflections of low-frequency equatorial waves at western
3625     boundaries}},
3626     JOURNAL = jmr,
3627     VOLUME = 42,
3628     PAGES = {487-502},
3629     YEAR = 1984
3630     }
3631    
3632     @ARTICLE{Cane:Moore1981,
3633     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and D.W. Moore},
3634     TITLE = {{A note on low frequency equatorial basin modes}},
3635     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3636     VOLUME = 11,
3637     PAGES = {1578-1584},
3638     YEAR = 1981
3639     }
3640    
3641     @ARTICLE{Cane:Patton1984,
3642     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and R.J. Patton},
3643     TITLE = {{A numerical model for low-frequency equatorial dynamics}},
3644     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3645     VOLUME = 14,
3646     PAGES = {1853-1863},
3647     YEAR = 1984
3648     }
3649    
3650     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1976,
3651     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3652     TITLE = {{Forced baroclinic ocean motions I: The linear equatorial unbounded case}},
3653     JOURNAL = jmr,
3654     VOLUME = 34,
3655     PAGES = {629-664},
3656     YEAR = 1976
3657     }
3658    
3659     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1977,
3660     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3661     TITLE = {{Forced baroclinic ocean motions II: The linear equatorial bounded case}},
3662     JOURNAL = jmr,
3663     VOLUME = 35,
3664     PAGES = {395-432},
3665     YEAR = 1977
3666     }
3667    
3668     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1979,
3669     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3670     TITLE = {{Forced baroclinic ocean motion III: an enclosed ocean}},
3671     JOURNAL = jmr,
3672     VOLUME = 37,
3673     PAGES = { 355-398},
3674     YEAR = 1979
3675     }
3676    
3677     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1981,
3678     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3679     TITLE = {{The response of a linear baroclinic equatorial ocean to periodic forcing}},
3680     JOURNAL = jmr,
3681     VOLUME = 39,
3682     PAGES = {651-693},
3683     YEAR = 1981
3684     }
3685    
3686     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Sarachik1982,
3687     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3688     TITLE = {{Linear baroclinic response of equatorial oceans to periodic forcing.}},
3689     EDITOR = {McCreary, J. P. and D. W. Moore and J. Witte},
3690     BOOKTITLE = {{Recent Progress in Equatorial Oceanography}},
3691     PAGES = {365 -372},
3692     YEAR = 1982,
3693     PUBLISHER = { NOVA/NYIT Press, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida}
3694     }
3695    
3696     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1983:Equatorial,
3697     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3698     TITLE = {{Equatorial oceanography}},
3699     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys. and Space Physics},
3700     VOLUME = 21,
3701     PAGES = { 1137-1148},
3702     YEAR = { 1983}
3703     }
3704    
3705     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1983:Seasonal,
3706     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3707     TITLE = {{Seasonal heat transports in a forced equatorial baroclinic model}},
3708     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3709     VOLUME = 13,
3710     PAGES = {1744-1746},
3711     YEAR = { 1983}
3712     }
3713    
3714     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zebiak1985,
3715     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3716     TITLE = {{A theory for El Ni\~no and the Southern Oscillation}},
3717     JOURNAL = {Science},
3718     VOLUME = 228,
3719     PAGES = {1085-1087},
3720     YEAR = 1985
3721     }
3722    
3723     @INPROCEEDINGS{Cane:Zebiak1987,
3724     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3725     TITLE = {{Deterministic prediction of El Ni\~no events.}},
3726     BOOKTITLE = {Atmospheric and Oceanic Variability},
3727     YEAR = 1987,
3728     EDITOR = {H. Cattle},
3729     PAGES = {153-182},
3730     PUBLISHER = {Royal Meteorological Society/American Meteorological Society}
3731     }
3732    
3733     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zebiak1988,
3734     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3735     TITLE = {{Dynamical forecasts of the 1986-1987 ENSO with a coupled model}},
3736     JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the 13th Climate diagnostics Workshop, Oct. 3l - Nov. 4, 1988},
3737     YEAR = 1988
3738     }
3739    
3740     @BOOK{Cane:Zebiak1988:On,
3741     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3742     TITLE = {{On the Mechanisms of the El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation Cycle, in Study Week on: Persistent Meteo-oceanographic anomalies and Teleconnections}},
3743     PAGES = {59-96},
3744     YEAR = {1988},
3745     PUBLISHER = {{C. Chagas and G. Puppi, Eds. (Pontifical Academy of Science), Vatican City}}
3746     }
3747    
3748     @ARTICLE{Cane:duPenhoat1982,
3749     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and Y. du Penhoat},
3750     TITLE = {{On the effect of islands on low frequency equatorial motions}},
3751     JOURNAL = {J . Mar. Res.},
3752     VOLUME = 40,
3753     PAGES = { 937-962},
3754     YEAR = { 1982}
3755     }
3756    
3757     @ARTICLE{Cane:duPenhoat1989,
3758     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and Y. du Penhoat},
3759     TITLE = {{Effects of low latitude western boundary gaps on the reflection of equatorial motions}},
3760     JOURNAL = {},
3761     YEAR = {1989}
3762     }
3763    
3764     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1981,
3765     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and V. Cardone and M. Halem and I. Halberstam},
3766     TITLE = {{A simulation study of the impact of SEASAT-A on weather prediction}},
3767     JOURNAL = jgr,
3768     VOLUME = {86},
3769     PAGES = { 8093-8106},
3770     YEAR = { 1981}
3771     }
3772    
3773     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1986,
3774     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and S. E. Zebiak and S. C. Dolan},
3775     TITLE = {Experimental forecasts of {El Ni\~no}},
3776     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3777     VOLUME = 321,
3778     PAGES = {827-832},
3779     YEAR = 1986
3780     }
3781    
3782     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1990,
3783     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and M. M{\"u}nnich and S. E. Zebiak},
3784     TITLE = {{A Study of Self-Excited Oscillations of the Tropical
3785     Ocean-Atmosphere System. Part I: Linear Analysis}},
3786     JOURNAL = jas,
3787     YEAR = {1990},
3788     VOLUME = {47},
3789     OPTNUMBER = {13},
3790     PAGES = {1562-1577},
3791     OPTMONTH = {},
3792     OPTNOTE = {}
3793     }
3794    
3795     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zhao1995a,
3796     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and Y. Zhao},
3797     TITLE = {{A note on use of monthly mean data in ocean mixed
3798     layer mdoels}},
3799     JOURNAL = {To be submitted},
3800     YEAR = {1995},
3801     VOLUME = {},
3802     OPTNUMBER = {},
3803     PAGES = {},
3804     OPTMONTH = {},
3805     OPTNOTE = {}
3806     }
3807    
3808     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zhao1995b,
3809     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and Y. Zhao},
3810     TITLE = {{On the connection of turbulence closure and bulk
3811     mixed layer models}},
3812     JOURNAL = {To be submitted},
3813     YEAR = {1995},
3814     VOLUME = {},
3815     OPTNUMBER = {},
3816     PAGES = {},
3817     OPTMONTH = {},
3818     OPTNOTE = {}
3819     }
3820    
3821     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1996,
3822     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and N. H. Naik and S. E. Zebiak},
3823     TITLE = {{On the treatment of the wave operator in
3824     semi-Lagrangian schemes}},
3825     JOURNAL = mwr,
3826     YEAR = {1996},
3827     VOLUME = {},
3828     OPTNUMBER = {},
3829     PAGES = {},
3830     OPTMONTH = {},
3831     NOTE = {submitted}
3832     }
3833    
3834     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1997,
3835     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and A. C. Clement and A. Kaplan and
3836     Y. Kushnir and D. Pozdnyakov and R. Seager and
3837     S. E. Zebiak and R. Murtugudde},
3838     TITLE = {{Twentieth Century sea surface temperature trends}},
3839     JOURNAL = {Science},
3840     YEAR = {1997},
3841     VOLUME = {275},
3842     OPTNUMBER = {},
3843     PAGES = {957-960},
3844     OPTMONTH = {},
3845     NOTE = {}
3846     }
3847    
3848     @ARTICLE{Cane1998,
3849     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A.},
3850     TITLE = {{A role for the tropical Pacific}},
3851     JOURNAL = {Science},
3852     YEAR = {1998},
3853     VOLUME = {282},
3854     OPTNUMBER = {},
3855     PAGES = {59-60},
3856     OPTMONTH = {},
3857     NOTE = {}
3858     }
3859    
3860     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Clement1999,
3861     AUTHOR = {M. A. Cane and A. C. Clement},
3862     TITLE = {{A role for the tropical Pacific coupled ocean-atmosphere
3863     system on Milankovitch and millenial timescales:
3864     Part II: Global impacts }},
3865     EDITOR = {{Peter U. Clark and Robert S. Webb and Lloyd D. Keigwin}},
3866     BOOKTITLE = {{Mechanisms of global climate change at millenial
3867     timescales, Geophysical Monograph 112}},
3868     PAGES = {373-383},
3869     YEAR = 1999,
3870     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysocal Union, Washington, DC}
3871     }
3872    
3873     @INCOLLECTION{Cardone1969,
3874     AUTHOR = {V. J. Cardone},
3875     TITLE = {{Specification of the wind field distribution in the marine boundary layer for wave forecasting.}},
3876     EDITOR = {{New York University, New York, NY}},
3877     BOOKTITLE = {{Report TR-69-1, Geophys. Sci. Lab}},
3878     YEAR = 1969,
3879     PUBLISHER = {Available from NTIS AD\#702-490.}
3880     }
3881    
3882     @ARTICLE{Cardone:etal1980,
3883     AUTHOR = {V. J. Cardone and A. J. Broccoli and C. V. Greenwood and J. A. Greenwood},
3884     TITLE = {{Error characteristics of extratropical storm wind fields specified from historical data}},
3885     JOURNAL = {J. Petrol. Tech.},
3886     VOLUME = 32,
3887     PAGES = {873-880},
3888     YEAR = 1980
3889     }
3890    
3891     @ARTICLE{Cardone:etal1990,
3892     AUTHOR = {V. J. Cardone and J. G. Greenwood and Mark A. Cane},
3893     TITLE = {{On trends in historical marine wind data}},
3894     JOURNAL = jc,
3895     VOLUME = 3,
3896     PAGES = {113-127},
3897     YEAR = 1990
3898     }
3899    
3900     @ARTICLE{Carton:etal1996,
3901     AUTHOR = {J. A. Carton and X. Cao and B. S. Giese and A. M. Da Silva},
3902     TITLE = {{Decadal and interannual SST variability in the tropical
3903     Atlantic Ocean}},
3904     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3905     VOLUME = 26,
3906     PAGES = {1165-1175},
3907     YEAR = 1996
3908     }
3909    
3910     @ARTICLE{Cayan1992a,
3911     AUTHOR = {D. Cayan},
3912     TITLE = {{Latent and sensible heat flux anomalies over the northern
3913     oceans: The connection to monthly atmospheric circulation}},
3914     JOURNAL = jc,
3915     VOLUME = 5,
3916     PAGES = {354-369},
3917     YEAR = 1992
3918     }
3919    
3920     @ARTICLE{Cayan1992b,
3921     AUTHOR = {D. Cayan},
3922     TITLE = {{Latent and sensible heat flux anomalies over the northern
3923     oceans: Driving the sea surface temperature}},
3924     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3925     VOLUME = 22,
3926     PAGES = {859-881},
3927     YEAR = 1992
3928     }
3929    
3930     @ARTICLE{Cess:etal1989,
3931     AUTHOR = {Cess, R.D. and G.L. Potter and J.P. Blanchet and G.J.
3932     Boer and S.J. Ghan and J.T. Kihel and H. LeTreut and
3933     Z-X Li and X-Z Liang and J.F.B. Mitchell and J-J
3934     Morcrette and D.A. Randall and M.R. Riches and E.
3935     Roeckner and U.Schlese and A. Slingo and K.E, Taylor
3936     and W.M. Washington and R.T. Wetherald and I. Yagai},
3937     TITLE = {Interpretation of cloud-climate feedback as produced
3938     by 14 atmospheric general circulation models},
3939     JOURNAL = {Science},
3940     YEAR = 1989,
3941     VOLUME = 245,
3942     PAGES = {513-516}
3943     }
3944    
3945     @ARTICLE{Cess1974,
3946     AUTHOR = {Cess, R.D.},
3947     TITLE = {Radiative transfer due to atmospheric water vapor:
3948     Global considerations of the Earth's energy balance},
3949     JOURNAL = jas,
3950     YEAR = 1974,
3951     VOLUME = 33,
3952     PAGES = {861-871}
3953     }
3954    
3955     @ARTICLE{Chang1994,
3956     AUTHOR = {P. Chang},
3957     TITLE = {{A study of the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature in
3958     the tropical Pacific Ocean using reduced gravity models}},
3959     JOURNAL = jgr,
3960     VOLUME = {},
3961     PAGES = {},
3962     YEAR = 1994
3963     }
3964    
3965     @ARTICLE{Chang:etal1997a,
3966     AUTHOR = {P. Chang and L. Ji and H. Li},
3967     TITLE = {{A decadal climate variation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean
3968     from thermodynamic air-sea interations}},
3969     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3970     VOLUME = 385,
3971     PAGES = {516--518},
3972     YEAR = 1997
3973     }
3974    
3975     @ARTICLE{Chang:etal1997b,
3976     AUTHOR = {P. Chang and C. Penland and L. Ji and L. Matrosova},
3977     TITLE = {{Prediction of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature}},
3978     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3979     VOLUME = {},
3980     PAGES = {},
3981     NOTE = {submitted},
3982     YEAR = 1997
3983     }
3984    
3985     @ARTICLE{Chang:etal2000a,
3986     AUTHOR = {P. Chang and R. Saravanan and L. Ji and G.C. Hegerl},
3987     TITLE = {{The effect of local sea surface temperatures on the
3988     atmospheric circulation over the tropical Atlantic sector}},
3989     JOURNAL = jc,
3990     VOLUME = {},
3991     PAGES = {},
3992     NOTE = {In press},
3993     YEAR = 2000
3994     }
3995    
3996     @ARTICLE{Chang:etal2000b,
3997     AUTHOR = {P. Chang and L. Ji and R. Saravanan},
3998     TITLE = {{A hybrid coupled model study of tropical Atlantic variability}},
3999     JOURNAL = jc,
4000     VOLUME = {},
4001     PAGES = {},
4002     NOTE = {In press},
4003     YEAR = 2000
4004     }
4005    
4006     @ARTICLE{Chao:Philander1993,
4007     AUTHOR = {Y. Chao and S.G.H. Philander},
4008     TITLE = {{On the structure of the Southern Oscillation}},
4009     JOURNAL = jc,
4010     VOLUME = {6},
4011     PAGES = {450-469},
4012     YEAR = 1993
4013     }
4014    
4015     @ARTICLE{Charney:etal1975,
4016     AUTHOR = {J. G. Charney and P.H. Stone and W.J. Quirk},
4017     TITLE = {{Drought in the Sahara: A biogeophysical feedback mechanism}},
4018     JOURNAL = {Science},
4019     VOLUME = 187,
4020     PAGES = {434-435},
4021     YEAR = 1975
4022     }
4023    
4024     @ARTICLE{Charney:Eliassen1964,
4025     AUTHOR = {J. G. Charney and A. Eliassen},
4026     TITLE = {{On the growth of the hurricane depression}},
4027     JOURNAL = jas,
4028     VOLUME = 21,
4029     PAGES = {68-75},
4030     YEAR = 1964
4031     }
4032    
4033     @INCOLLECTION{Charney1971,
4034     AUTHOR = {J. G. Charney},
4035     TITLE = {{Tropical cyclogenesis and the formation of the
4036     Intertropical Convergence Zone}},
4037     BOOKTITLE = {{Lectures in Applied Mathematics}},
4038     VOLUME = 13,
4039     PAGES = {355-369},
4040     EDITOR = {W.H. Reid},
4041     PUBLISHER = {{American Mathematics Society}},
4042     YEAR = {1971}
4043     }
4044    
4045     @ARTICLE{Charnock1955,
4046     AUTHOR = {Charnock, H.},
4047     TITLE = {{Wind stress on a water surface}},
4048     JOURNAL = {Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.},
4049     VOLUME = 81,
4050     PAGES = 639,
4051     YEAR = {1955 }
4052     }
4053    
4054     @ARTICLE{Chassignet:Gent1991,
4055     AUTHOR = {Eric P. Chassignet and Peter R. Gent},
4056     TITLE = {The Influence of Boundary Conditions on Midlatitude
4057     Jet Separation in Ocean Numerical Models},
4058     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4059     YEAR = 1991,
4060     VOLUME = 21,
4061     NUMBER = 9,
4062     PAGES = {1290-1299}
4063     }
4064    
4065     @ARTICLE{Chen:etal1994a,
4066     AUTHOR = {D. Chen and L. M. Rothstein and A. J. Busalacchi},
4067     TITLE = {A hybrid vertical mixing scheme and its application
4068     to tropical ocean models},
4069     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4070     YEAR = 1994,
4071     VOLUME = 24,
4072     OPTNUMBER = 10,
4073     PAGES = {2156-2179}
4074     }
4075    
4076     @ARTICLE{Chen:etal1994b,
4077     AUTHOR = {D. Chen and A. J. Busalacchi and L. M. Rothstein},
4078     TITLE = {The roles of vertical mixing, solar radiation, and wind
4079     stress in a model simulation of the sea surface
4080     temperature seasonal cycle in the tropical Pacific Ocean},
4081     JOURNAL = jgr,
4082     YEAR = 1994,
4083     VOLUME = 99,
4084     OPTNUMBER = C10,
4085     PAGES = {20345-20359}
4086     }
4087    
4088     @ARTICLE{Chou1991,
4089     AUTHOR = {M.-D. Chou},
4090     TITLE = {The derivation of cloud parameters from
4091     satellite-measured radiances for use in surface
4092     radiation calculations},
4093     JOURNAL = jas,
4094     YEAR = 1991,
4095     VOLUME = 48,
4096     NUMBER = {},
4097     PAGES = {1549-1559}
4098     }
4099    
4100     @ARTICLE{Chou1994,
4101     AUTHOR = {M.-D. Chou},
4102     TITLE = {Coolness in the tropical Pacific during an El Ni\~no episode},
4103     JOURNAL = jc,
4104     YEAR = 1994,
4105     VOLUME = 7,
4106     NUMBER = {11},
4107     PAGES = {1684-1692}
4108     }
4109    
4110     @ARTICLE{Chou:Zimmerman1989,
4111     AUTHOR = {S.-H. Chou and J. Zimmerman},
4112     TITLE = {Bivariate conditional sampling of buoyancy flux
4113     during an intense cold air outbreak},
4114     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer Meteor.},
4115     YEAR = 1989,
4116     VOLUME = 46,
4117     NUMBER = {},
4118     PAGES = {93-112}
4119     }
4120    
4121     @ARTICLE{Clement:etal1996,
4122     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and R. Seager and M. A. Cane and S. E. Zebiak},
4123     TITLE = {An ocean dynamical thermostat},
4124     JOURNAL = jc,
4125     YEAR = 1996,
4126     NOTE = {},
4127     VOLUME = {9},
4128     NUMBER = {},
4129     PAGES = {2190-2196}
4130     }
4131    
4132     @ARTICLE{Clement:etal1998,
4133     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and M. A. Cane and R. Seager},
4134     TITLE = {{Patterns and mechanisms of Twentieth Century climate
4135     change}},
4136     JOURNAL = {World Resource Rev.},
4137     YEAR = 1998,
4138     NOTE = {},
4139     VOLUME = {10},
4140     NUMBER = {},
4141     PAGES = {161-185}
4142     }
4143    
4144     @ARTICLE{Clement:Seager1999,
4145     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and R. Seager},
4146     TITLE = {Climate and the tropical oceans},
4147     JOURNAL = jc,
4148     YEAR = 1999,
4149     NOTE = {},
4150     VOLUME = {12},
4151     NUMBER = {},
4152     PAGES = {3383-3401}
4153     }
4154    
4155     @ARTICLE{Clement:etal1999,
4156     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and R. Seager and M. A. Cane},
4157     TITLE = {{Orbital controls on the El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation and the tropical climate}},
4158     JOURNAL = {Paleoceanogr.},
4159     YEAR = 1999,
4160     NOTE = {},
4161     VOLUME = {14},
4162     NUMBER = {},
4163     PAGES = {441-456}
4164     }
4165    
4166     @ARTICLE{Clement:etal2000b,
4167     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and R. Seager and M. A. Cane},
4168     TITLE = {{Suppression of El Ni\~no during the mid-Holocene by
4169     changes in the Earth's orbit}},
4170     JOURNAL = {Paleoceanogr.},
4171     YEAR = 2000,
4172     NOTE = {In press},
4173     VOLUME = {},
4174     NUMBER = {},
4175     PAGES = {}
4176     }
4177    
4178     @ARTICLE{Clement:etal2000a,
4179     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and M. A. Cane and R. Seager},
4180     TITLE = {{An orbitally driven trigger for abrupt climate changes}},
4181     JOURNAL = jc,
4182     YEAR = 2000,
4183     NOTE = {Submitted},
4184     VOLUME = {},
4185     NUMBER = {},
4186     PAGES = {}
4187     }
4188    
4189     @INCOLLECTION{Clement:Cane1999,
4190     AUTHOR = {A. C. Clement and M. A. Cane},
4191     TITLE = {{A role for the tropical Pacific coupled ocean-atmosphere
4192     system on Milankovitch and millenial timescales:
4193     Part I: A modeling study of tropical Pacific variability}},
4194     EDITOR = {{Peter U. Clark and Robert S. Webb and Lloyd D. Keigwin}},
4195     BOOKTITLE = {{Mechanisms of global climate change at millenial
4196     timescales, Geophysical Monograph 112}},
4197     PAGES = {363-371},
4198     YEAR = 1999,
4199     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC}
4200     }
4201    
4202     @BOOK{Clewett:etal1994,
4203     AUTHOR = {Clewett, J. F. and N. M. Clarkson and D. I. Owens and
4204     D. G. Albrecht},
4205     TITLE = {{Australian Rainman: Rainfall Information for Better Management}},
4206     PAGES = {},
4207     YEAR = 1994,
4208     PUBLISHER = {{Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia}}
4209     }
4210    
4211     @ARTICLE{CLIMAP1976,
4212     AUTHOR = {{CLIMAP Project Members}},
4213     TITLE = {{The surface of the ice-age Earth}},
4214     JOURNAL = {Science},
4215     PAGES = {1131-1137},
4216     YEAR = 1976,
4217     VOLUME = 191
4218     }
4219    
4220     @ARTICLE{Clinet:Martin1992,
4221     AUTHOR = {S. Clinet and S. Martin},
4222     TITLE = {{700-hpa geopotential height anomalies from a statistical
4223     analysis of the French hemispheric data set.}},
4224     JOURNAL = {Int. J. Climatology},
4225     PAGES = {229-256},
4226     YEAR = 1992,
4227     VOLUME = 12
4228     }
4229    
4230     @ARTICLE{Colin:Garzoli1987,
4231     AUTHOR = {Colin, C. and S. Garzoli},
4232     TITLE = {{In situ wind measurements and ocean response in the equatorial Atlantic during FOCAL/SEQUAL experiment}},
4233     JOURNAL = jgr,
4234     PAGES = {3741-3750},
4235     YEAR = 1987
4236     }
4237    
4238     @ARTICLE{Colin:Garzoli1988,
4239     AUTHOR = {Colin, C. and S. Garzoli},
4240     TITLE = {{High frequency variability of in situ wind temperature and current measurements in the equatorial Atlantic during the FOCAL/SEQUAL experiment}},
4241     JOURNAL = {Oceanologica Acta},
4242     VOLUME = 11,
4243     PAGES = {139-148},
4244     YEAR = 1988
4245     }
4246    
4247     @BOOK{Collet:Eckmann1980,
4248     AUTHOR = {Collet, P. and J.P. Eckmann},
4249     TITLE = {{Iterated maps of the interval as an dynamical systems}},
4250     PAGES = 248,
4251     YEAR = 1982,
4252     PUBLISHER = {{Birkh\"user, Boston, Basel. Stuttgart}}
4253     }
4254    
4255     @INCOLLECTION{Corby:etal1977,
4256     AUTHOR = {Corby, G. A. and A. Gilchrist and P. R. Rowntree},
4257     TITLE = {{United Kingdom Meteorological Office five-level gebneral
4258     circulation model}},
4259     BOOKTITLE = {{Methods in Computational Physics}},
4260     VOLUME = 17,
4261     PAGES = {67-109},
4262     EDITOR = {J. Chang},
4263     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press, New York}},
4264     YEAR = {1977}
4265     }
4266    
4267     @ARTICLE{Cornejo-Garrido:Stone1977,
4268     AUTHOR = {Cornejo-Garrido and A.G. Stone, P.H.},
4269     TITLE = {{On the heat balance of the Walker Circulation}.},
4270     JOURNAL = {J. Atmos. Sci},
4271     YEAR = 1977,
4272     VOLUME = 34,
4273     PAGES = {1155-1162}
4274     }
4275    
4276     @ARTICLE{Covey:Hastenrath1978,
4277     AUTHOR = {D.L. Covey and S. Hastenrath},
4278     TITLE = {{The Pacific {El Ni\~no} phenomenon and the Atlantic
4279     circulation.}},
4280     JOURNAL = mwr,
4281     YEAR = {1978},
4282     VOLUME = {106},
4283     OPTNUMBER = {},
4284     OPTPAGES = {1280-1287},
4285     OPTMONTH = {},
4286     OPTNOTE = {}
4287     }
4288    
4289     @ARTICLE{Cox:Munk1956,
4290     AUTHOR = {C. Cox and W. Munk},
4291     TITLE = {{Slopes of the sea surface deduced from photographs of the
4292     sun glitter}},
4293     JOURNAL = {Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr.},
4294     VOLUME = 6,
4295     PAGES = {401-488},
4296     YEAR = 1956
4297     }
4298    
4299     @ARTICLE{Cox1985,
4300     AUTHOR = {Cox, D.C.},
4301     TITLE = {{An eddy resolving numerical model of the ventilated thermocline}},
4302     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4303     VOLUME = 15,
4304     PAGES = {1312-1324},
4305     YEAR = 1985
4306     }
4307    
4308     @ARTICLE{Cox:Bryan1984,
4309     AUTHOR = {Cox, M.D. and K. Bryan},
4310     TITLE = {{A numerical study of the ventilated thermocline}},
4311     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4312     VOLUME = 14,
4313     PAGES = {674-687},
4314     YEAR = 1984
4315     }
4316    
4317     @BOOK{Critchfield1983,
4318     AUTHOR = {Critchfield, H. J.},
4319     TITLE = {{General Climatology}},
4320     PAGES = 453,
4321     YEAR = 1983,
4322     PUBLISHER = {{Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 453pp}}
4323     }
4324    
4325     @ARTICLE{Cullen:deMenocal1999,
4326     AUTHOR = {Cullen, H. M. and P. B. deMenocal},
4327     TITLE = {{North Atlantic Influence on Turkish Climate and Water Supply}},
4328     JOURNAL = {Int. J. Climatology},
4329     VOLUME = {},
4330     PAGES = {},
4331     YEAR = 1999,
4332     NOTE = {In press}
4333     }
4334    
4335     @ARTICLE{Curry1986,
4336     AUTHOR = {J. A. Curry},
4337     TITLE = {{Interactions among turbulence, radiation and microphysics
4338     in Arctic stratus clouds}},
4339     JOURNAL = jas,
4340     VOLUME = 43,
4341     PAGES = {90-106},
4342     YEAR = 1986
4343     }
4344    
4345     @ARTICLE{Curry:Herman1985,
4346     AUTHOR = {J. A. Curry and G. F. Herman},
4347     TITLE = {{Relationships between large-scale heat and moisture budgets
4348     and the occurence of Arctic stratus clouds}},
4349     JOURNAL = mwr,
4350     VOLUME = 113,
4351     PAGES = {1441-1457},
4352     YEAR = 1985
4353     }
4354    
4355     @ARTICLE{Curtis:Hastenrath1995,
4356     AUTHOR = {Curtis, S. and Hastenrath, S.},
4357     TITLE = {Forcing of anomalous sea surface temperature evolution in the tropical {A}tlantic during {P}acific warm events},
4358     JOURNAL = jgr,
4359     VOLUME = {100},
4360     PAGES = {15835--15847},
4361     YEAR = {1995},
4362     NOTE = {}
4363     }
4364    
4365     @ARTICLE{Czaja:Marshall2001,
4366     AUTHOR = {A. Czaja and John C. Marshall},
4367     TITLE = {{Observations of atmosphere-ocean coupling in the North Atlantic}},
4368     JOURNAL = jc,
4369     VOLUME = {},
4370     PAGES = {},
4371     NOTE = {submitted},
4372     YEAR = 2001
4373     }
4374    
4375     @ARTICLE{Daley1979,
4376     AUTHOR = {Daley, R.},
4377     TITLE = {{The application of non-linear normal mode initialization to
4378     an operational forecast model}},
4379     JOURNAL = {Atmosphere-Ocean},
4380     VOLUME = 17,
4381     PAGES = {97-124},
4382     YEAR = 1979
4383     }
4384    
4385     @ARTICLE{Daley1980,
4386     AUTHOR = {Daley, R.},
4387     TITLE = {{The development of efficient time integration schemes using
4388     model normal modes}},
4389     JOURNAL = mwr,
4390     VOLUME = 108,
4391     PAGES = {100-110},
4392     YEAR = 1980
4393     }
4394    
4395     @ARTICLE{Daly1978,
4396     AUTHOR = {Daly, A.W.},
4397     TITLE = {{The response of North Atlantic sea surface temperature to atmospheric forcing processes}},
4398     JOURNAL = {Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.},
4399     VOLUME = 104,
4400     PAGES = {363-382},
4401     YEAR = 1978
4402     }
4403    
4404     @TECHREPORT{daSilva:etal1994,
4405     AUTHOR = {A. daSilva and A. C. Young and S. Levitus},
4406     TITLE = {{Atlas of surface marine data 1994. Volume
4407     1. Algorithims and Procedures.}},
4408     INSTITUTION = {National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration},
4409     YEAR = 1994,
4410     NUMBER = {NOAA SMD94},
4411     PAGES = {},
4412     ADDRESS = {Washington, DC, 83pp}
4413     }
4414    
4415     @ARTICLE{Davis:Emanuel1988,
4416     AUTHOR = {C. A. Davis and K. A. Emanuel},
4417     TITLE = {{Observational evidence for the influence of surface heat
4418     fluxes on rapid maritime cyclogenesis}},
4419     JOURNAL = mwr,
4420     VOLUME = 116,
4421     PAGES = {2649-2659},
4422     YEAR = 1988
4423     }
4424    
4425     @ARTICLE{Deardorff1972,
4426     AUTHOR = {Deardorff, J.W.},
4427     TITLE = {{Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in
4428     general circulation models}},
4429     JOURNAL = mwr,
4430     VOLUME = 100,
4431     PAGES = {93-106},
4432     YEAR = 1972
4433     }
4434    
4435     @ARTICLE{Dee:etal1985,
4436     AUTHOR = {Dee, D.P. and S.E. Cohn and M. Ghil},
4437     TITLE = {{An efficient algorithm for estimating noise covariance in distributed systems}},
4438     JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Autom. Control},
4439     VOLUME = {AC-30},
4440     YEAR = 1985
4441     }
4442    
4443     @ARTICLE{Delcroix1987,
4444     AUTHOR = {Delcroix, T.},
4445     TITLE = {{Net heat gain of the tropical Pacific Ocean computed from subsurface ocean data and wind stress data}},
4446     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
4447     VOLUME = 34,
4448     PAGES = {33-43},
4449     YEAR = 1987
4450     }
4451    
4452     @ARTICLE{DelGenio:etal1996,
4453     AUTHOR = {Del Genio, A. D. and M.-Y. Yao and W. Kovari and K. K.-W. Lo},
4454     TITLE = {{A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global
4455     climate models}},
4456     JOURNAL = jc,
4457     VOLUME = 9,
4458     PAGES = {270-304},
4459     YEAR = 1996
4460     }
4461    
4462     @ARTICLE{Delworth:etal1993,
4463     AUTHOR = {T. Delworth and S. Manabe and R.J. Stouffer},
4464     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in
4465     a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
4466     JOURNAL = jc,
4467     VOLUME = 6,
4468     PAGES = {1993-2011},
4469     YEAR = 1993
4470     }
4471    
4472     @ARTICLE{Delworth:etal1996,
4473     AUTHOR = {T. Delworth and S. Manabe and R. J. Stouffer},
4474     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in
4475     a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
4476     JOURNAL = jc,
4477     VOLUME = 6,
4478     PAGES = {1993-2011},
4479     YEAR = 1993
4480     }
4481    
4482     @ARTICLE{Delworth:Mehta1998,
4483     AUTHOR = {T. Delworth and V. Mehta},
4484     TITLE = {{Simulated interannual to decadal variability in the
4485     tropical and sub-tropical North Atlantic}},
4486     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
4487     VOLUME = 25,
4488     PAGES = {2825-2828},
4489     YEAR = 1998
4490     }
4491    
4492     @ARTICLE{deMenocal:etal2000,
4493     AUTHOR = {P. deMenocal and J. Ortiz and T. Guilderson and M. Sarnthein},
4494     TITLE = {{Millenial-scale linkages between high- and low-latitude
4495     climate during the Holocene warm period}},
4496     JOURNAL = {Science},
4497     VOLUME = {288},
4498     PAGES = {2198-2202},
4499     YEAR = 2000,
4500     OPTNOTE = {}
4501     }
4502    
4503     @ARTICLE{Denton:Hendy1994,
4504     AUTHOR = {G. H. Denton and C. H. Hendy},
4505     TITLE = {{Younger Dryas age advance of Franz-Josef glacier in the
4506     Southern Alps of New Zealand}},
4507     JOURNAL = {Science},
4508     VOLUME = 264,
4509     PAGES = {1434-1437},
4510     YEAR = 1994
4511     }
4512    
4513     @ARTICLE{Deque:Servain1989,
4514     AUTHOR = {M. Deque and J. Servain},
4515     TITLE = {Teleconnections between tropical Atlantic sea surface
4516     temperatures and midlatitude 50kPa heights during 1964-1986.},
4517     JOURNAL = jc,
4518     YEAR = {1989},
4519     VOLUME = {2},
4520     OPTNUMBER = {},
4521     PAGES = {929-944},
4522     OPTMONTH = {},
4523     OPTNOTE = {}
4524     }
4525    
4526     @ARTICLE{Derber:Rosati1989,
4527     AUTHOR = {Derber, J. and A. Rosati},
4528     TITLE = {A global oceanic data assimilation system.},
4529     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4530     YEAR = 1989,
4531     VOLUME = 19,
4532     PAGES = {1333-1347}
4533     }
4534    
4535     @ARTICLE{Deser1993,
4536     AUTHOR = {Deser, C.},
4537     TITLE = {Diagnosis of the surface momentum balance over the
4538     tropical Pacific Ocean},
4539     JOURNAL = jc,
4540     YEAR = 1993,
4541     VOLUME = 6,
4542     PAGES = {64-74}
4543     }
4544    
4545     @ARTICLE{Deser:Blackmon1993,
4546     AUTHOR = {Deser, C. and M. L. Blackmon},
4547     TITLE = {{Surface climate variations over the North Atlantic
4548     ocean during winter: 1900-1989}},
4549     JOURNAL = jc,
4550     YEAR = 1993,
4551     VOLUME = 6,
4552     PAGES = {1743-1753}
4553     }
4554    
4555     @ARTICLE{Deser:Blackmon1995,
4556     AUTHOR = {Deser, C. and M. L. Blackmon},
4557     TITLE = {{On the relationship betweeen tropical and North
4558     Pacific sea surface temperature variations}},
4559     JOURNAL = jc,
4560     YEAR = 1995,
4561     VOLUME = 8,
4562     PAGES = {1677-1680}
4563     }
4564    
4565     @ARTICLE{Deser:etal1999,
4566     AUTHOR = {Deser, C. and M. A. Alexander and M. S. Timlin},
4567     TITLE = {{Evidence for a wind-driven intensification of the
4568     Kuroshio Current extension from the 1970s to the 1980s}},
4569     JOURNAL = jc,
4570     YEAR = 1999,
4571     VOLUME = 12,
4572     PAGES = {1697-1706}
4573     }
4574    
4575     @ARTICLE{Dessier:Donguy1990,
4576     AUTHOR = {Dessier, A. and J.R. Donguy},
4577     TITLE = {{Sea surface salinity in the tropical Atlantic ocean (10¡S-30¡N). Seasonal and inter-annual variability (1977-1986)}},
4578     JOURNAL = jmr,
4579     VOLUME = {submitted},
4580     YEAR = 1990
4581     }
4582    
4583     @ARTICLE{Dewitt:Schneider2000,
4584     AUTHOR = {Dewitt, D. G. and E. K. Schneider},
4585     TITLE = {{The tropical ocean response to a change in solar forcing}},
4586     JOURNAL = jc,
4587     VOLUME = {13},
4588     PAGES = {1133-1149},
4589     YEAR = 2000
4590     }
4591    
4592     @ARTICLE{Dickson:etal1988,
4593     AUTHOR = {Dickson, R.R. and J. Meincke and S. Malmberg and A. Lee},
4594     TITLE = {{The great salinity anomaly in the northern North Atlantic 1968-82}},
4595     JOURNAL = {Prog. Oceanogr.},
4596     VOLUME = 20,
4597     PAGES = {103-151},
4598     YEAR = 1988
4599     }
4600    
4601     @ARTICLE{Dijkstra:Neelin1995,
4602     AUTHOR = {H. A. Dijkstra and J. D. Neelin},
4603     TITLE = {{Ocean-atmosphere interaction and the tropical climatology.
4604     Part II: Why the Pacific cold tongue is in the east}},
4605     JOURNAL = jc,
4606     VOLUME = 8,
4607     PAGES = {1343-1359},
4608     YEAR = 1995
4609     }
4610    
4611     @BOOK{Dooley:Martin1984,
4612     AUTHOR = {Dooley, H.D. and J.H.A. Martin and D.J. Ellett},
4613     TITLE = {{Abnormal hydrographic conditions in the northeast Atlantic
4614     during the 1970's}},
4615     VOLUME = 185,
4616     PAGES = {174-187. n},
4617     YEAR = {},
4618     PUBLISHER = {{Rapp. et Procs-Verb. des r\`eunions Int. Council Exp. of the Sea.}}
4619     }
4620    
4621     @ARTICLE{Dommenget:Latif2000,
4622     AUTHOR = {D. Dommenget and M. Latif},
4623     TITLE = {{Interannual to decadal variability in the tropical Atlantic}},
4624     JOURNAL = jc,
4625     VOLUME = 13,
4626     PAGES = {777-792},
4627     YEAR = 2000
4628     }
4629    
4630     @ARTICLE{Duchene:Frankignoul1990,
4631     AUTHOR = {Christine Duch{\^e}ne and Claude Frankignoul},
4632     TITLE = {Sensitivity and realism of wind-driven tropical ocean models},
4633     JOURNAL = {J. Mar. Syst.},
4634     YEAR = 1990,
4635     VOLUME = 1,
4636     PAGES = {97-117}
4637     }
4638    
4639     @ARTICLE{Duchene:Frankignoul1991,
4640     AUTHOR = {Christine Duch{\^e}ne and Claude Frankignoul},
4641     TITLE = {Seasonal variations of surface dynamic topography in
4642     the tropical {Atlantic}: observational uncertainties
4643     and model testing.},
4644     JOURNAL = jmr,
4645     YEAR = 1991,
4646     VOLUME = {(submitted May 90)}
4647     }
4648    
4649     @INCOLLECTION{Earle1985,
4650     AUTHOR = {Earle, M.D.},
4651     TITLE = {{Statistical comparisons of ship and buoy marine observations.}},
4652     EDITOR = {{NOAA}},
4653     BOOKTITLE = {{Report MEC-85-8, prepared for Ocean Sciences Branch, Satellite Research Laboratory, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service}},
4654     YEAR = 1985
4655     }
4656    
4657     @ARTICLE{Eckmann1981,
4658     AUTHOR = {Eckmann, J.P.},
4659     TITLE = {{Roads to turbulence in dissipative dynamical systems}},
4660     JOURNAL = {Rev. Mod. Phys.},
4661     VOLUME = 53,
4662     PAGES = {643-653},
4663     YEAR = 1981
4664     }
4665    
4666     @ARTICLE{Eiseman1985,
4667     AUTHOR = {Eiseman, P.R.},
4668     TITLE = {{Grid generation for fluid mechanics computations}},
4669     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
4670     VOLUME = 17,
4671     PAGES = {487-522},
4672     YEAR = 1985
4673     }
4674    
4675     @ARTICLE{Eiseman1987,
4676     AUTHOR = {Eiseman, P.R},
4677     TITLE = {{Adaptive grid generation}},
4678     JOURNAL = {Comp. Meth. in Appl. Mech. and Eng.},
4679     VOLUME = 64,
4680     PAGES = {321-376},
4681     YEAR = 1987
4682     }
4683    
4684     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1987,
4685     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4686     TITLE = {{An air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillations
4687     in the tropics}},
4688     JOURNAL = jas,
4689     VOLUME = 44,
4690     PAGES = {2324-2340},
4691     YEAR = 1987
4692     }
4693    
4694     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1988,
4695     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4696     TITLE = {{Reply}},
4697     JOURNAL = jas,
4698     VOLUME = 45,
4699     PAGES = {3528-3530},
4700     YEAR = 1988
4701     }
4702    
4703     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1991,
4704     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4705     TITLE = {{A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models}},
4706     JOURNAL = jas,
4707     VOLUME = 48,
4708     PAGES = {2313-2335},
4709     YEAR = 1991
4710     }
4711    
4712     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1993,
4713     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4714     TITLE = {{The effect of convective response time on WISHE modes}},
4715     JOURNAL = jas,
4716     VOLUME = 50,
4717     PAGES = {1763-1775},
4718     YEAR = 1991
4719     }
4720    
4721     @BOOK{Emanuel1994,
4722     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4723     TITLE = {{Atmospheric Convection}},
4724     PAGES = {580},
4725     YEAR = {1994},
4726     PUBLISHER = {{Oxford University Press, New York, 580pp}}
4727     }
4728    
4729     @ARTICLE{Emile-Geay:etal2000,
4730     AUTHOR = {Emile-Geay, J. and M. A. Cane and N. Naik and R. Seager and A. C. Clement and A. VanGeen},
4731     TITLE = {{Warren revisited: a tropical explanation for Why is no
4732     deep water formed in the North Pacific?}},
4733     JOURNAL = jgr,
4734     VOLUME = {},
4735     PAGES = {},
4736     YEAR = 2000,
4737     NOTE = {To be submitted}
4738     }
4739    
4740     @ARTICLE{Enfield:Mayer1997,
4741     AUTHOR = {Enfield, D. B. and D. A. Mayer},
4742     TITLE = {Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability
4743     and its relation to the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation},
4744     JOURNAL = jgr,
4745     YEAR = {1997},
4746     VOLUME = {102},
4747     NUMBER = {},
4748     PAGES = {929-945}
4749     }
4750    
4751     @ARTICLE{Enfield:etal1999,
4752     AUTHOR = {Enfield, D. B. and A. M. Mestas-Nu\~nez and
4753     D. A. Mayer and L. Cid-Serrano},
4754     TITLE = {{How ubiquitous is the dipole relationship in tropical
4755     Atlantic sea surface temperatures?}},
4756     JOURNAL = jgr,
4757     YEAR = {1999},
4758     VOLUME = {104},
4759     NUMBER = {},
4760     PAGES = {7841-7848}
4761     }
4762    
4763     @ARTICLE{Eriksen1988,
4764     AUTHOR = {Charles C. Eriksen},
4765     TITLE = {Variability in the Upper-Ocean Internal Wave Field at
4766     a {Sargasso} Sea Site},
4767     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4768     YEAR = 1988,
4769     VOLUME = 18,
4770     NUMBER = 11,
4771     PAGES = {1495-1513}
4772     }
4773    
4774     @TECHREPORT{Errico1991,
4775     AUTHOR = {R. M. Errico},
4776     TITLE = {Theory and application of nonlinear normal mode initialization},
4777     INSTITUTION = {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
4778     YEAR = 1991,
4779     NUMBER = {NCAR/TN-344+IA},
4780     PAGES = 137,
4781     ADDRESS = {Boulder, Colorado, 137pp}
4782     }
4783    
4784     @ARTICLE{Esbensen1984,
4785     AUTHOR = {Esbensen, S.K.},
4786     TITLE = {{A comparison of intermonthly and interannual teleconnections in the 700 mb geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter}},
4787     JOURNAL = mwr,
4788     VOLUME = 112,
4789     PAGES = {2016-2030},
4790     YEAR = 1984
4791     }
4792    
4793     @ARTICLE{Esbensen:Reynolds1981,
4794     AUTHOR = {Esbensen, S.K. and R. W. Reynolds},
4795     TITLE = {{Estimating monthly averaged air-sea transfers of heat and
4796     momentum using the bulk aerodynamic method}},
4797     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4798     VOLUME = 11,
4799     PAGES = {457-465},
4800     YEAR = 1981
4801     }
4802    
4803     @TECHREPORT{Esbensen:Kushnir1981,
4804     AUTHOR = {Esbensen, S.K. and Y. Kushnir},
4805     TITLE = {The heat budget of the global ocean: An atlas based
4806     on estimates from surface marine observations.},
4807     INSTITUTION = {Clim. Res. Inst.},
4808     YEAR = 1981,
4809     NUMBER = {29},
4810     PAGES = {27},
4811     ADDRESS = {Oregon State University, Corvallis, 27pp.}
4812     }
4813    
4814     @ARTICLE{Eshel:Naik1996,
4815     AUTHOR = {Eshel, G. and N. Naik},
4816     TITLE = {{Coupling of deep water formation and the general
4817     circulation in the Red Sea}},
4818     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4819     VOLUME = {27},
4820     NUMBER = {7},
4821     PAGES = {1233--1257},
4822     YEAR = 1996
4823     }
4824    
4825     @ARTICLE{Fairbanks1989,
4826     AUTHOR = {R. G. Fairbanks},
4827     TITLE = {{A 17,000 year glacio-eustatic sea-level record:
4828     Influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas and deep ocean
4829     circulation}},
4830     JOURNAL = {Nature},
4831     YEAR = 1989,
4832     VOLUME = 342,
4833     PAGES = {637-642}
4834     }
4835    
4836     @ARTICLE{Farrell1988,
4837     AUTHOR = {Brian Farrell},
4838     TITLE = {Optimal excitation of neutral {Rossby} waves},
4839     JOURNAL = jas,
4840     YEAR = 1988,
4841     VOLUME = 45,
4842     PAGES = {163-172}
4843     }
4844    
4845     @ARTICLE{Farrell1989,
4846     AUTHOR = {Brian Farrell},
4847     TITLE = {Optimal excitation of baroclinic waves},
4848     JOURNAL = {J. Atm. Sci.},
4849     YEAR = 1989,
4850     VOLUME = 46,
4851     PAGES = {1193-1206}
4852     }
4853    
4854     @ARTICLE{Farrell1990,
4855     AUTHOR = {Brian Farrell},
4856     TITLE = {Small error dynamics and the predictability of
4857     atmospheric flows},
4858     JOURNAL = {J. Atm. Sci.},
4859     YEAR = 1990,
4860     VOLUME = 47,
4861     NUMBER = 20,
4862     PAGES = {2409-2416},
4863     MONTH = {Nov}
4864     }
4865    
4866     @ARTICLE{Fels:etal1991,
4867     AUTHOR = {S. B. Fels and J. T. Kiehl and A. A. Lacis and M. D. Schwarzkopf},
4868     TITLE = {Infrared cooling rate calculations in operational
4869     general circulation models: Comparisons with
4870     benchmark computations},
4871     JOURNAL = jgr,
4872     YEAR = 1991,
4873     VOLUME = 96,
4874     NUMBER = {D5},
4875     PAGES = {9105-9120},
4876     MONTH = {May}
4877     }
4878    
4879     @ARTICLE{Ferranti:etal1994,
4880     AUTHOR = {Ferranti, L. and F. Molteni and T. N. Palmer},
4881     TITLE = {{Impact of localized tropical and extratropical SST
4882     anomalies in ensembles of seasonal GCM integrations}},
4883     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
4884     YEAR = 1994,
4885     VOLUME = 120,
4886     NUMBER = {},
4887     PAGES = {1613-1645},
4888     MONTH = {}
4889     }
4890    
4891     @ARTICLE{Firestone:Albrecht1986,
4892     AUTHOR = {J. K. Firestone and B. A. Albrecht},
4893     TITLE = {{The structure of the atmospheric boundary layer in
4894     the central Pacific during January and February of FGGE}},
4895     JOURNAL = mwr,
4896     YEAR = 1986,
4897     VOLUME = 114,
4898     PAGES = {2219-2231}
4899     }
4900    
4901     @ARTICLE{Fissel:etal1977,
4902     AUTHOR = {D. B. Fissel and S. Pond and M. Miyake},
4903     TITLE = {Computation of surface fluxes from climatological and
4904     synoptic data},
4905     JOURNAL = mwr,
4906     YEAR = 1977,
4907     VOLUME = 105,
4908     PAGES = {26-36}
4909     }
4910    
4911     @ARTICLE{Folland:etal1986,
4912     AUTHOR = {Folland, C.K. and T.N. Palmer and D.E. Parker},
4913     TITLE = {{Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea temperatures: 1901-85}},
4914     JOURNAL = {Nature},
4915     VOLUME = 320,
4916     PAGES = {602-606},
4917     YEAR = 1986
4918     }
4919    
4920     @BOOK{Folland:etal1986manuscript,
4921     AUTHOR = {Folland, C.K. and D.E. Parker And M.N. Ward and A.W. Colman},
4922     TITLE = {{Sahel rainfall, Northern Hemisphere circulation anomalies and worldwide sea temperature changes}},
4923     YEAR = 1986,
4924     PUBLISHER = {{(unpublished)}}
4925     }
4926    
4927     @ARTICLE{Fowler:etal1996,
4928     AUTHOR = {Fowler, L. D. and D. A. Randall and S. A. Rutledge},
4929     TITLE = {{Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general
4930     circulation model. Part I: Model description and
4931     simulated microphysical processe.}},
4932     JOURNAL = jc,
4933     VOLUME = 9,
4934     PAGES = {489-529},
4935     YEAR = 1996
4936     }
4937    
4938     @ARTICLE{Fowler:Randall1996,
4939     AUTHOR = {Fowler, L. D. and D. A. Randall},
4940     TITLE = {{Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general
4941     circulation model. Part II: Impact on cloudiness,
4942     the Earth's radiation budget and the general
4943     circulation of the atmosphere.}},
4944     JOURNAL = jc,
4945     VOLUME = 9,
4946     PAGES = {530-560},
4947     YEAR = 1996
4948     }
4949    
4950     @ARTICLE{Frankignoul:Hasselmann1977,
4951     AUTHOR = {Frankignoul, C. and K. Hasselmann},
4952     TITLE = {{Stochastic climate models. II: Application to sea surface
4953     temperature variability and thermocline variability}},
4954     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
4955     VOLUME = 29,
4956     PAGES = {284-305},
4957     YEAR = 1977
4958     }
4959    
4960     @ARTICLE{Frankignoul:Reynolds1983,
4961     AUTHOR = {Frankignoul, C. and R. W. Reynolds},
4962     TITLE = {{Testing a dynamical model for midlatitude sea surface
4963     temperature anomalies}},
4964     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4965     VOLUME = 13,
4966     PAGES = {289-305},
4967     YEAR = 1983
4968     }
4969    
4970     @ARTICLE{Frankignoul:etal1989,
4971     AUTHOR = {Frankignoul, C. and D. Duchene and Mark A. Cane},
4972     TITLE = {{A statistical approach to testing equatorial ocean models with observed data}},
4973     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4974     VOLUME = 19,
4975     PAGES = {1191-1207},
4976     YEAR = 1989
4977     }
4978    
4979     @ARTICLE{Fu:etal1990,
4980     AUTHOR = {Fu, R. and A. D. DelGenio and W. B. Rossow},
4981     TITLE = {{Behavior of deep convective clouds in the tropical
4982     Pacific deduced from ISCCP radiances}},
4983     JOURNAL = jc,
4984     YEAR = {1990},
4985     VOLUME = {3},
4986     PAGES = {1129-1152}
4987     }
4988    
4989     @ARTICLE{Fu:etal1998,
4990     AUTHOR = {Fu, R. and R. E. Dickinson and B. Newkirk},
4991     TITLE = {{Response of the upper tropospheric humidity and
4992     moisture transport to changes of tropical
4993     convection. A comparison between observations and a
4994     GCM over an ENSO cycle}},
4995     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
4996     YEAR = {1998},
4997     VOLUME = {24},
4998     PAGES = {2371-2374}
4999     }
5000    
5001     @ARTICLE{Fung:etal1984,
5002     AUTHOR = {Fung, I.Y. and D.E. Harrison and A.A. Lacis},
5003     TITLE = {On the variability of the net longwave radiation at
5004     the ocean surface},
5005     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
5006     YEAR = 1984,
5007     VOLUME = 22,
5008     PAGES = {177-193}
5009     }
5010    
5011     @ARTICLE{Gaffen:etal1991,
5012     AUTHOR = {Gaffen, D. J. and T. P. Barnett and W. P. Elliott},
5013     TITLE = {Space and time scales of global atmospheric moisture},
5014     JOURNAL = jc,
5015     YEAR = 1991,
5016     VOLUME = 4,
5017     PAGES = {989-1008}
5018     }
5019    
5020     @ARTICLE{Galperin:etal1988,
5021     AUTHOR = {Galperin, B. and L.H. Kantha and S. Hassid and A. Rosati},
5022     TITLE = {A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for
5023     geophysical flows.},
5024     JOURNAL = jas,
5025     YEAR = 1988,
5026     VOLUME = 45,
5027     PAGES = {55-62}
5028     }
5029    
5030     @ARTICLE{Gangopadhyay:etal1992,
5031     AUTHOR = {A. Gangopadhyay and P. Cornillon and R. D. Watts},
5032     TITLE = {{A test of the Parsons-Veronis hypothesis on the
5033     separation of the Gulf Stream}},
5034     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5035     YEAR = 1992,
5036     VOLUME = 22,
5037     PAGES = {1286-1301}
5038     }
5039    
5040     @ARTICLE{Garratt1993,
5041     AUTHOR = {Garratt, J. R.},
5042     TITLE = {{Sensitivity of climate simulations to land-surface and
5043     atmospheric boundary-layer treatments - A Review}},
5044     JOURNAL = jc,
5045     VOLUME = 6,
5046     PAGES = {419-449},
5047     YEAR = 1993
5048     }
5049    
5050     @ARTICLE{Garratt1994,
5051     AUTHOR = {Garratt, J. R.},
5052     TITLE = {{Incoming shortwave fluxes at the surface - A comparison of
5053     GCM results with observations}},
5054     JOURNAL = jc,
5055     VOLUME = 7,
5056     PAGES = {72-80},
5057     YEAR = 1994
5058     }
5059    
5060     @ARTICLE{Garratt:Ryan1989,
5061     AUTHOR = {Garratt, J. R. and B. F. Ryan},
5062     TITLE = {{The structure of the stably stratified internal boundary
5063     layer in offshore flow over the sea.}},
5064     JOURNAL = {Bound. Layer Meteor.},
5065     VOLUME = {47},
5066     PAGES = {17-40},
5067     YEAR = 1989
5068     }
5069    
5070     @ARTICLE{Garzoli:Katz1984,
5071     AUTHOR = {Garzoli, S.L. and E.J. Katz},
5072     TITLE = {{Winds at St. Peter and St. Paul rocks during the first SEQUAL year.}},
5073     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
5074     VOLUME = 11,
5075     PAGES = {716-718},
5076     YEAR = 1984
5077     }
5078    
5079     @ARTICLE{Garzoli:etal1982,
5080     AUTHOR = {Garzoli, S. and E.J. Katz And H.J. Panitz and P. Speth},
5081     TITLE = {{In situ wind measurements in the equatorial Atlantic during 1979}},
5082     JOURNAL = {Oceanologica Acta},
5083     VOLUME = 5,
5084     PAGES = {281-288},
5085     YEAR = 1982
5086     }
5087    
5088     @ARTICLE{Geernaert:etal1986,
5089     AUTHOR = {Geernaert, GL. and K.B. Katsaros and K. Richter},
5090     TITLE = {{Variation of the drag coefficient and its dependence on sea state}},
5091     JOURNAL = jgr,
5092     VOLUME = 91,
5093     PAGES = {7667-7679},
5094     YEAR = 1986
5095     }
5096    
5097     @ARTICLE{Geisler:Stevens1982,
5098     AUTHOR = {Geisler, J. E. and D. E. Stevens},
5099     TITLE = {On the vertical structure of damped steady
5100     circulation in the tropics.},
5101     JOURNAL = {Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.},
5102     YEAR = 1982,
5103     VOLUME = 108,
5104     PAGES = {87-93}
5105     }
5106    
5107     @ARTICLE{Geisler:etal1985,
5108     AUTHOR = {Geisler, J. E. and Blackmon, M. L. and
5109     Bates, G. T. and Mu\~noz, S.},
5110     TITLE = {{Sensitivity of January climate response to the
5111     magnitude and position of equatorial Pacific sea
5112     surface temperature anomalies}},
5113     JOURNAL = jas,
5114     YEAR = 1985,
5115     VOLUME = 42,
5116     PAGES = {1037-1049}
5117     }
5118    
5119     @BOOK{Gemmill:etal1987,
5120     AUTHOR = {Gemmill, W.H. and T.W. Yu and D.M. Feit},
5121     TITLE = {{Performance of techniques used to derive ocean surface winds}},
5122     PAGES = 34,
5123     YEAR = 1987,
5124     PUBLISHER = {{NMC Office Note No. 330, U.S. Dept. Commerce, NOAA National Weather Service}}
5125     }
5126    
5127     @ARTICLE{Gent1991,
5128     AUTHOR = {Gent, P.R.},
5129     TITLE = {{The heat budget of the TOGA COARE Domain in an ocean model}},
5130     JOURNAL = jgr,
5131     VOLUME = 96,
5132     PAGES = {3323-3330},
5133     YEAR = 1991
5134     }
5135    
5136     @ARTICLE{Gent:Cane1989,
5137     AUTHOR = {Gent, P.R. and Mark A. Cane},
5138     TITLE = {{A reduced gravity, primitive equation model of the upper equatorial ocean}},
5139     JOURNAL = {J. Comp. Phys.},
5140     VOLUME = 81,
5141     PAGES = {444-480},
5142     YEAR = 1989
5143     }
5144    
5145     @ARTICLE{Gent:etal1983,
5146     AUTHOR = {Gent, P.R. and O'Neill, K. and Mark A. Cane},
5147     TITLE = {{A model of the semi-annual oscillation in the equatorial Indian Ocean}},
5148     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5149     VOLUME = 13,
5150     PAGES = {2148-2160},
5151     YEAR = 1983
5152     }
5153    
5154     @ARTICLE{Gent:McWilliams1990,
5155     AUTHOR = {Gent, P. R. and J. C. McWilliams},
5156     TITLE = {{Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models}},
5157     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5158     VOLUME = 20,
5159     PAGES = {150-155},
5160     YEAR = 1990
5161     }
5162    
5163     @BOOK{Ghia:Ghia1983,
5164     AUTHOR = {Ghia, K.N. and V. Ghia},
5165     TITLE = {{Advances in grid generation 5}},
5166     YEAR = 1983,
5167     PUBLISHER = {{ASME}}
5168     }
5169    
5170     @ARTICLE{Giannini:etal2000,
5171     AUTHOR = {Giannini, A. and Y. Kushnir and M. A. Cane},
5172     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of Caribbean rainfall, ENSO and the
5173     Atlantic Ocean}},
5174     JOURNAL = jc,
5175     VOLUME = {13},
5176     PAGES = {297-311},
5177     YEAR = 2000
5178     }
5179    
5180     @ARTICLE{Gill1980,
5181     AUTHOR = {Gill, A. E.},
5182     TITLE = {{Some simple solutions for heat induced tropical circulation}},
5183     JOURNAL = {Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.},
5184     VOLUME = 106,
5185     PAGES = {447-462},
5186     YEAR = 1980
5187     }
5188    
5189     @BOOK{Gill1982,
5190     AUTHOR = {A. E. Gill},
5191     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics}},
5192     PAGES = 662,
5193     YEAR = 1982,
5194     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press, New York, 662pp.}}
5195     }
5196    
5197     @ARTICLE{Gill1983,
5198     AUTHOR = {Gill, A.E.},
5199     TITLE = {{An estimation of sea-level and sea-current anomatlies during the 1972 El Ni\~no and consequent thermal effects}},
5200     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5201     VOLUME = 13,
5202     PAGES = {586-605},
5203     YEAR = 1983
5204     }
5205    
5206     @ARTICLE{Gill:Clarke1974,
5207     AUTHOR = {Gill, A.E. and Clarke, A.J.},
5208     TITLE = {Wind-induced upwelling, coastal currents and sea-level changes},
5209     JOURNAL = {Deep-Sea Res.},
5210     YEAR = 1974,
5211     VOLUME = 21,
5212     PAGES = {325-345},
5213     KEYWORDS = {equatorial dynamics, long-wave approximation}
5214     }
5215    
5216     @ARTICLE{Gill:Niiler1973,
5217     AUTHOR = {Gill, A.E. and P. Niiler},
5218     TITLE = {The theory of seasonal variability in the ocean},
5219     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
5220     YEAR = 1973,
5221     VOLUME = 20,
5222     PAGES = {141-177}
5223     }
5224    
5225     @ARTICLE{Gill:Rasmussen1983,
5226     AUTHOR = {Gill, A. E. and E. Rasmussen},
5227     TITLE = {{The 1982-83 climate anormaly in the equatorial Pacific.}},
5228     JOURNAL = {Nature},
5229     VOLUME = 306,
5230     PAGES = {229-34},
5231     YEAR = 1983
5232     }
5233    
5234     @ARTICLE{Gill:Rasmussen1983E,
5235     AUTHOR = {Gill, A. E. and E. Rasmussen},
5236     TITLE = {{An estimation of sea-level and sea-current anomatlies during the 1972 El Ni\~no and consequent thermal effects}},
5237     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5238     VOLUME = 13,
5239     PAGES = {586-605},
5240     YEAR = 1983
5241     }
5242    
5243     @ARTICLE{Giorgi:etal1993,
5244     AUTHOR = {Giorgi F. and M. R. Marinucci and G. T. Bates},
5245     TITLE = {{Development of a second-generation regional climate model
5246     (regGCM2). Part I: Boundary layer and radiative
5247     transfer processes}},
5248     JOURNAL = mwr,
5249     VOLUME = 121,
5250     PAGES = {2794-2813},
5251     YEAR = 1993
5252     }
5253    
5254     @BOOK{Glantz:etal1990,
5255     AUTHOR = {Glantz, M.H. and R.W. Katz and N. Nicholls},
5256     TITLE = {{Scientific Basis and Societal Impact}},
5257     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England},
5258     YEAR = 1990
5259     }
5260    
5261     @ARTICLE{Glecker:Taylor1993,
5262     AUTHOR = {Glecker, P. J. and K. E. Taylor},
5263     TITLE = {{The effect of horizontal resolution on ocean surface heat
5264     fluxes in the ECMWF model}},
5265     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
5266     VOLUME = 9,
5267     PAGES = {17-32},
5268     YEAR = 1993
5269     }
5270    
5271     @BOOK{Gloersen:etal1992,
5272     AUTHOR = {Gloersen, P. and W. J. Campbell and D. J. cavalieri
5273     and J. C. Comiso and C. L. Parkinson and H. J. Zwally},
5274     TITLE = {{Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987}},
5275     PUBLISHER = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
5276     Washington, DC, 290pp},
5277     YEAR = 1992
5278     }
5279    
5280     @ARTICLE{Godfrey:Lindstrom1989,
5281     AUTHOR = {Godfrey, J.S. and E.J. Lindstrom},
5282     TITLE = {{The heat budget of the equatorial western Pacific surface mixed layer}},
5283     JOURNAL = jgr,
5284     VOLUME = 94,
5285     PAGES = {8007-8017},
5286     YEAR = 1989
5287     }
5288    
5289     @ARTICLE{Godfrey:etal1991,
5290     AUTHOR = {J. S. Godfrey and M. Nunez and E. F. Bradley and P. A.
5291     Coppin and E. J. Lindstrom},
5292     TITLE = {{On the net surface heat flux into the western equatorial Pacific}},
5293     JOURNAL = jgr,
5294     VOLUME = 96,
5295     PAGES = {3391-3400},
5296     YEAR = 1991
5297     }
5298    
5299     @ARTICLE{Goldenberg:OBrien1981,
5300     AUTHOR = {Goldenberg, S.B. and J.J. O'Brien},
5301     TITLE = {{Time and space variability of tropical Pacific wind stress}},
5302     JOURNAL = mwr,
5303     VOLUME = 109,
5304     PAGES = {1190-1205},
5305     YEAR = 1981
5306     }
5307    
5308     @ARTICLE{Gordon:Corry1991,
5309     AUTHOR = {Gordon, C. and R.A. Corry},
5310     TITLE = {{A model simulation of the seasonal cycle in the tropical
5311     Pacific using climatological and modelled forcing}},
5312     JOURNAL = jgr,
5313     VOLUME = 96,
5314     PAGES = {847-868},
5315     YEAR = 1991
5316     }
5317    
5318     @ARTICLE{Gordon1981,
5319     AUTHOR = {Gordon, A. L.},
5320     TITLE = {{Seasonality of Southern Ocean sea ice}},
5321     JOURNAL = jgr,
5322     VOLUME = 86,
5323     PAGES = {4193-4197},
5324     YEAR = 1981
5325     }
5326    
5327     @ARTICLE{Gordon1986,
5328     AUTHOR = {Gordon, A. L.},
5329     TITLE = {{Interocean exchange of thermocline water}},
5330     JOURNAL = jgr,
5331     VOLUME = 91,
5332     PAGES = {5037-5046},
5333     YEAR = 1986
5334     }
5335    
5336     @ARTICLE{Goswami:Shukla1991,
5337     AUTHOR = {{Goswami, B.N. and J. Shukla}},
5338     TITLE = {{Predictability of a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model}},
5339     JOURNAL = jc,
5340     VOLUME = 4,
5341     PAGES = {3-22},
5342     YEAR = 1991
5343     }
5344    
5345     @ARTICLE{Graham:Barnett1987,
5346     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and T.P. Barnett},
5347     TITLE = {Sea surface temperature, surface wind divergence, and
5348     convection over tropical oceans.},
5349     JOURNAL = {Science},
5350     YEAR = 1987,
5351     VOLUME = 238,
5352     PAGES = {657-659}
5353     }
5354    
5355     @ARTICLE{Graham:White1988,
5356     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and W.B. White},
5357     TITLE = {{The El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation as a natural oscillation of the tropical Pacific ocean/atmosphere system: evidence from observations and models}},
5358     JOURNAL = {Science},
5359     VOLUME = 240,
5360     PAGES = {1293-1302},
5361     YEAR = 1988
5362     }
5363    
5364     @ARTICLE{Graham:White1990,
5365     AUTHOR = {N. E. Graham and W. B. White},
5366     TITLE = {The role of the western boundary in the {ENSO} cycle:
5367     Experiments with coupled models.},
5368     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5369     YEAR = {1990},
5370     VOLUME = {20},
5371     OPTNUMBER = {},
5372     PAGES = {1935-1948},
5373     OPTMONTH = {},
5374     OPTNOTE = {}
5375     }
5376    
5377     @ARTICLE{Graham:etal1987a,
5378     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and J. Michaelsen and T.P. Barnett},
5379     TITLE = {An investigation of the {El Ni\~no-Southern
5380     Oscillation} cycle with statistical models. 1.
5381     {Predictor field characteristics}.},
5382     JOURNAL = jgr,
5383     YEAR = {1987a},
5384     VOLUME = 92,
5385     PAGES = {14251-14270}
5386     }
5387    
5388     @ARTICLE{Graham:etal1987b,
5389     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and J. Michaelsen and T.P. Barnett},
5390     TITLE = {An investigation of the {El Ni\~no-Southern
5391     Oscillation} cycle with statistical models. 2.
5392     {Model results}.},
5393     JOURNAL = jgr,
5394     YEAR = {1987b},
5395     VOLUME = 92,
5396     PAGES = {14271-14290.}
5397     }
5398    
5399     @ARTICLE{Graham1994,
5400     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E.},
5401     TITLE = {{Decadal-scale climate variability in the tropical
5402     and North Pacific during the 1970s and 1980s:
5403     observations and model results}},
5404     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
5405     YEAR = {1994},
5406     VOLUME = 10,
5407     PAGES = {135-162}
5408     }
5409    
5410     @ARTICLE{Green1970,
5411     AUTHOR = {J. S. A. Green},
5412     TITLE = {Transfer properties of the large-scale eddies and
5413     the general circulation of the atmosphere},
5414     JOURNAL = {Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
5415     YEAR = {1970},
5416     VOLUME = 96,
5417     PAGES = {157-185}
5418     }
5419    
5420     @ARTICLE{Greene:etal2000,
5421     AUTHOR = {A. M. Greene and R. Seager and W. S. Broecker},
5422     TITLE = {{Tropical snowline depression at the Last Glacial
5423     Maximum: comparison with coral and groundwater
5424     paleotemperatures}},
5425     JOURNAL = jgr,
5426     YEAR = {2000},
5427     VOLUME = {},
5428     PAGES = {},
5429     NOTE = {To be submitted}
5430     }
5431    
5432     @ARTICLE{Griffies1997,
5433     AUTHOR = {S. M. Griffies},
5434     TITLE = {{The Gent-McWilliams Skew Flux}},
5435     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5436     YEAR = {1997},
5437     VOLUME = {},
5438     PAGES = {},
5439     NOTE = {Submitted}
5440     }
5441    
5442     @ARTICLE{Grossman:Betts1990,
5443     AUTHOR = {Grossman, R. L. and A. K. Betts},
5444     TITLE = {{Air-sea interaction during an extreme cold air
5445     outbreak from the eastern coast of the United States}},
5446     JOURNAL = mwr,
5447     YEAR = {1990},
5448     VOLUME = 118,
5449     PAGES = {324-342}
5450     }
5451    
5452     @ARTICLE{Grotzner:etal1998,
5453     AUTHOR = {Gr{\"{o}}tzner, A. and M. Latif and T.P. Barnett},
5454     TITLE = {{ A decadal cycle in the North Atlantic Ocean as
5455     simulated by the ECHO coupled GCM}},
5456     JOURNAL = jc,
5457     YEAR = {1998},
5458     VOLUME = {11},
5459     PAGES = {831-847},
5460     NOTE = {}
5461     }
5462    
5463     @ARTICLE{Guilderson:etal1994,
5464     AUTHOR = {Guilderson, T. P. and R. G. Fairbanks and J. L. Rubenstone},
5465     TITLE = {{Tropical temperature variations since 20 000 years
5466     ago: Modulating interhemispheric climate change}},
5467     JOURNAL = {Science},
5468     YEAR = {1994},
5469     VOLUME = 263,
5470     PAGES = {663-665}
5471     }
5472    
5473     @ARTICLE{Gutowski:etal1989,
5474     AUTHOR = {W. J. Gutowski and L. E. Branscome and D. A. Stewart},
5475     TITLE = {{Mean flow adjustment during life cycle of baroclinic waves}},
5476     JOURNAL = jas,
5477     PAGES = {1724-1737},
5478     YEAR = 1989
5479     }
5480    
5481     @ARTICLE{Gutzler:Wood1989,
5482     AUTHOR = {Gutzler, D.S. and T.M. Wood},
5483     TITLE = {{Structure of large-scale convective anomalies over tropical oceans}},
5484     JOURNAL = jc,
5485     PAGES = {(in press)},
5486     YEAR = 1989
5487     }
5488    
5489     @ARTICLE{Hahn:Manabe1975,
5490     AUTHOR = {Hahn, D. G. and S. Manabe},
5491     TITLE = {{The role of mountains in the South Asian monsoon circulation}},
5492     JOURNAL = jas,
5493     VOLUME = {32},
5494     PAGES = {1515-1541},
5495     YEAR = {1975}
5496     }
5497    
5498     @TECHREPORT{Halpern:Harrison1982,
5499     AUTHOR = {Halpern, D. and D.E. Harrison},
5500     TITLE = {{Report 82-1, Dept. of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography.}},
5501     INSTITUTION = {{Mass. Instit. Tech.},},
5502     YEAR = 1982
5503     }
5504    
5505     @ARTICLE{Hall:Visbeck2000,
5506     AUTHOR = {A. Hall and M. Visbeck},
5507     TITLE = {{The oceanographic effects of the southern hemisphere
5508     annular mode}},
5509     JOURNAL = jc,
5510     VOLUME = {},
5511     PAGES = {},
5512     YEAR = {2000},
5513     NOTE = {submitted}
5514     }
5515    
5516     @ARTICLE{Halliwell1998,
5517     AUTHOR = {G. R. Halliwell},
5518     TITLE = {{Simulation of North Atlantic decadal/multidecadal winter
5519     SST anomalies driven by basin-scale atmospheric
5520     circulation anomalies}},
5521     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5522     VOLUME = {28},
5523     PAGES = {5-21},
5524     YEAR = {1998}
5525     }
5526    
5527     @ARTICLE{Han1984,
5528     AUTHOR = {Y. Han},
5529     TITLE = {{A numerical world ocean general circulation model, II: A
5530     baroclinic experiment}},
5531     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans},
5532     VOLUME = {8},
5533     PAGES = {141-172},
5534     YEAR = {1984}
5535     }
5536    
5537     @ARTICLE{Haney1971,
5538     AUTHOR = {R. L. Haney},
5539     TITLE = {{Surface thermal boundary conditions for ocean circulation models}},
5540     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5541     VOLUME = {1},
5542     PAGES = {241-248},
5543     YEAR = {1971}
5544     }
5545    
5546     @ARTICLE{Hansen:Lebedeff1988,
5547     AUTHOR = {Hansen, J. and S. Lebedeff},
5548     TITLE = {{Global surface air temperatures: Update through 1987}},
5549     JOURNAL = jgr,
5550     VOLUME = {92},
5551     PAGES = {345-13, 372},
5552     YEAR = {1988}
5553     }
5554    
5555     @ARTICLE{Hansen:etal1988,
5556     AUTHOR = {Hansen, J. and I. Fung And A. Lacis And D. Rind And S. Lebedeff And R. Ruedy and G. Russell},
5557     TITLE = {{Three-dimensional model}},
5558     JOURNAL = jgr,
5559     VOLUME = {93},
5560     PAGES = {9341-9364},
5561     YEAR = {1988}
5562     }
5563    
5564     @ARTICLE{Hansen:etal1981,
5565     AUTHOR = {Hansen, J. and D. Johnson and A. Lacis and S. Lebedeff and
5566     P. Lee and D. Rind and G. Russell},
5567     TITLE = {{Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide}},
5568     JOURNAL = {Science},
5569     VOLUME = {213},
5570     PAGES = {957-966},
5571     YEAR = {1981}
5572     }
5573    
5574     @INCOLLECTION{Hansen:etal1984,
5575     AUTHOR = {J. E. Hansen and A. Lacis and D. Rind and G. Russel
5576     and P. Stone and I Fung and R. Ruedy and J. Lerner},
5577     TITLE = {{Climate sensitivity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms}},
5578     BOOKTITLE = {{In: Climate processes and climate sensitivity.
5579     Geophys. Mongr. Ser. 29}},
5580     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysical Union},
5581     YEAR = 1984,
5582     EDITOR = {J. E. Hansen and T. Takahashi},
5583     PAGES = {130-163},
5584     ADDRESS = {Washington DC}
5585     }
5586    
5587     @ARTICLE{Harrison:Cane1984,
5588     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and Mark A. Cane},
5589     TITLE = {{Changes in the Pacific during the 1982-1983 event}},
5590     JOURNAL = {Oceanus},
5591     VOLUME = {27},
5592     PAGES = {21-28},
5593     YEAR = {1984}
5594     }
5595    
5596     @ARTICLE{Harrison:Cardone1984,
5597     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and V.J. Cardone},
5598     TITLE = {{Tropical Atlantic wind field variations during SEQUAL; I. Preliminary results.}},
5599     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
5600     VOLUME = {11},
5601     PAGES = {722-725},
5602     YEAR = {1984}
5603     }
5604    
5605     @ARTICLE{Harrison:Schopf1984,
5606     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and P.S. Schopf},
5607     TITLE = {{Kelvin-wave-induced anomalous advection and the onset of surface warming in El Ni\~no event}},
5608     JOURNAL = mwr,
5609     VOLUME = {112},
5610     PAGES = {923-933},
5611     YEAR = {1984}
5612     }
5613    
5614     @ARTICLE{Harrison:etal1989,
5615     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and W.S. Kessler and B.S. Giese},
5616     TITLE = {{Ocean circulation model hindcasts of the 1982-83 El Ni\~no: thermal variability along ship of opportunity tracks}},
5617     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5618     VOLUME = {19},
5619     PAGES = {397-418},
5620     YEAR = {1989}
5621     }
5622    
5623     @ARTICLE{Harrison1989,
5624     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E.},
5625     TITLE = {{Local and remote forcing of ENSO ocean waveguide response}},
5626     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5627     VOLUME = {19},
5628     PAGES = {691-695},
5629     YEAR = {1989}
5630     }
5631    
5632     @ARTICLE{Harrison1991,
5633     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D. E.},
5634     TITLE = {{Equatorial sea surface temperature sensitivity to net
5635     surface heat flux: Some ocean circulation model results}},
5636     JOURNAL = jc,
5637     VOLUME = {5},
5638     PAGES = {539-549},
5639     YEAR = {1991}
5640     }
5641    
5642     @TECHREPORT{Harshvardhan1992,
5643     AUTHOR = {Harshvardhan},
5644     TITLE = {{The use of TOA cloud longwave radiative forcing to
5645     estimate mean monthly surface longwave radiation. {\em
5646     WCRP Report No. 75}, Hydrology and surface radiaton
5647     in atmospheric models.}},
5648     INSTITUTION = {WMO/TD-492},
5649     YEAR = 1992,
5650     NUMBER = {},
5651     PAGES = {25-40},
5652     ADDRESS = {}
5653     }
5654    
5655     @ARTICLE{Hart:etal1990,
5656     AUTHOR = {Hart, T. L. and W. Bourke and B. J. McAvaney and
5657     B. W. Forgan and J. L. McGregor},
5658     TITLE = {{Atmospheric general circulation simulations with the BMRC
5659     global spectral model: The impact of revised
5660     physical parameterizations}},
5661     JOURNAL = jc,
5662     VOLUME = {3},
5663     PAGES = {436-459},
5664     YEAR = {1990}
5665     }
5666    
5667     @ARTICLE{Hartmann:Michelsen1993,
5668     AUTHOR = {D. L. Hartmann and M. Michelsen},
5669     TITLE = {{Large scale effects on the regulation of tropical sea
5670     surface temperature}},
5671     JOURNAL = jc,
5672     VOLUME = {6},
5673     PAGES = {2049-2062},
5674     YEAR = {1993}
5675     }
5676    
5677     @ARTICLE{Hartmann:etal1992,
5678     AUTHOR = {D. L. Hartmann and M. E. Ockert-Bell and M. Michelsen},
5679     TITLE = {{The effect of cloud type on Earth's energy balance: Global analysis}},
5680     JOURNAL = jc,
5681     VOLUME = {5},
5682     PAGES = {1281-1304},
5683     YEAR = {1992}
5684     }
5685    
5686     @BOOK{Hartmann1994,
5687     AUTHOR = {D. L. Hartmann},
5688     TITLE = {{Global Physical Climatology}},
5689     PAGES = {411},
5690     YEAR = 1994,
5691     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press, New York}}
5692     }
5693    
5694     @ARTICLE{Hasselmann1976,
5695     AUTHOR = {Hasselmann, K.},
5696     TITLE = {{Stochastic climate models. Part I: Theory}},
5697     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
5698     VOLUME = {28},
5699     PAGES = {473-485},
5700     YEAR = {1976}
5701     }
5702    
5703     @ARTICLE{Hasselmann1988,
5704     AUTHOR = {Hasselmann, K.},
5705     TITLE = {{PIPs and POPs: the reduction of complex dynamical systems using
5706     principal interaction and Oscillation patterns}},
5707     JOURNAL = jgr,
5708     VOLUME = {93},
5709     PAGES = {11015-11021},
5710     YEAR = {1988}
5711     }
5712    
5713     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath1978,
5714     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S.},
5715     TITLE = {{On modes of tropical circulation and climate anomalies}},
5716     JOURNAL = jas,
5717     VOLUME = 35,
5718     PAGES = {2222-2231},
5719     YEAR = 1978
5720     }
5721    
5722     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:etal1984,
5723     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and M.C. Wu and P.-S. Chu},
5724     TITLE = {{Towards the monitoring and prediction of north-east
5725     Brazil droughts.}},
5726     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. R. Met. Soc.},
5727     YEAR = {1984},
5728     VOLUME = {110},
5729     OPTNUMBER = {},
5730     PAGES = {411-425},
5731     OPTMONTH = {},
5732     OPTNOTE = {}
5733     }
5734    
5735     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath1984,
5736     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S.},
5737     TITLE = {{Interannual variability and the annual cycle: Mechanisms of circulation and climate in the tropical Atlantic sector}},
5738     JOURNAL = mwr,
5739     VOLUME = 112,
5740     PAGES = {1097-1107},
5741     YEAR = 1984
5742     }
5743    
5744     @BOOK{Hastenrath1985,
5745     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S.},
5746     TITLE = {{Climate and circulation in the tropics}},
5747     PAGES = {455},
5748     YEAR = {1985},
5749     PUBLISHER = {{D. Reidel}}
5750     }
5751    
5752     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath1976,
5753     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath},
5754     TITLE = {{Variations in low-latitude circulation and extreme
5755     climatic events in the tropical Americas.}},
5756     JOURNAL = jas,
5757     YEAR = {1976},
5758     VOLUME = {33},
5759     OPTNUMBER = {},
5760     PAGES = {202-215},
5761     OPTMONTH = {},
5762     OPTNOTE = {}
5763     }
5764    
5765     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:1978,
5766     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath},
5767     TITLE = {On modes of tropical circulation and climate anomalies.},
5768     JOURNAL = jas,
5769     YEAR = {1978},
5770     VOLUME = {35},
5771     OPTNUMBER = {},
5772     PAGES = {2222-2231},
5773     OPTMONTH = {},
5774     OPTNOTE = {}
5775     }
5776    
5777     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:Kaczmarczyk1981,
5778     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and E.B. Kaczmarczyk},
5779     TITLE = {{On spectra and coherence of tropical climate anomales.}},
5780     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
5781     YEAR = {1981},
5782     VOLUME = {33},
5783     OPTNUMBER = {},
5784     PAGES = {453-462},
5785     OPTMONTH = {},
5786     OPTNOTE = {}
5787     }
5788    
5789     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:Heller1977,
5790     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and L. Heller},
5791     TITLE = {{Dynamics of climatic hazards in Northeast Brazil.}},
5792     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. R. Met. Soc.},
5793     YEAR = {1977},
5794     VOLUME = {103},
5795     OPTNUMBER = {},
5796     PAGES = {77-92},
5797     OPTMONTH = {},
5798     OPTNOTE = {}
5799     }
5800    
5801     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:Greischar1993,
5802     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and L. Greischar},
5803     TITLE = {{Circulation mechanisms related to northeast Brazil
5804     rainfall anomalies.}},
5805     JOURNAL = jgr,
5806     YEAR = {1993},
5807     VOLUME = {98},
5808     OPTNUMBER = {},
5809     PAGES = {5093-5102},
5810     OPTMONTH = {},
5811     OPTNOTE = {}
5812     }
5813    
5814     @BOOK{Hastenrath:Lamb1977,
5815     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S. and P.J. Lamb},
5816     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean}},
5817     PAGES = {15},
5818     FIGS = {97},
5819     YEAR = {1977},
5820     PUBLISHER = {{The University of Wisconsin Press}}
5821     }
5822    
5823     @BOOK{Hauser:Taylor1986,
5824     AUTHOR = {Hauser, J. and C. Taylor},
5825     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation in computational fluid dynamics}},
5826     YEAR = {1986},
5827     PUBLISHER = {{Pineridge Press}}
5828     }
5829    
5830     @ARTICLE{Hayashi:Sumi1986,
5831     AUTHOR = {Y.-Y. Hayashi and A. Sumi},
5832     TITLE = {The 30-40 day oscillation in an 'aqua-planet' model},
5833     JOURNAL = {J. Meteor. Soc. Japan II},
5834     YEAR = {1986},
5835     VOLUME = {64},
5836     OPTNUMBER = {},
5837     PAGES = {451-467},
5838     OPTMONTH = {},
5839     OPTNOTE = {}
5840     }
5841    
5842     @ARTICLE{Hazeleger:etal2001,
5843     AUTHOR = {W. Hazeleger and R. Seager and M. Visbeck and N. Naik
5844     and K. Rodgers},
5845     TITLE = {On the impact of the mid-latitude stormtrack on the
5846     upper Pacific},
5847     JOURNAL = jc,
5848     YEAR = {2001},
5849     VOLUME = {},
5850     OPTNUMBER = {},
5851     PAGES = {},
5852     OPTMONTH = {},
5853     OPTNOTE = {In press}
5854     }
5855    
5856     @ARTICLE{Held:Hou1980,
5857     AUTHOR = {Held, I.M. and A. Y. Hou},
5858     TITLE = {Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly
5859     inviscid atmosphere},
5860     JOURNAL = jas,
5861     YEAR = {1980},
5862     VOLUME = {37},
5863     OPTNUMBER = {},
5864     PAGES = {515-533},
5865     OPTMONTH = {},
5866     OPTNOTE = {}
5867     }
5868    
5869     @ARTICLE{Held:Suarez1978,
5870     AUTHOR = {Held, I.M. and M.J. Suarez},
5871     TITLE = {A two-level primitive equation atmospheric model
5872     designed for climatic sensitivity experiments.},
5873     JOURNAL = jas,
5874     YEAR = {1978},
5875     VOLUME = {35},
5876     OPTNUMBER = {},
5877     PAGES = {206-229},
5878     OPTMONTH = {},
5879     OPTNOTE = {}
5880     }
5881    
5882     @INCOLLECTION{Held1982,
5883     AUTHOR = {I. M. Held},
5884     TITLE = {{Stationary and quasi-stationary eddies in the extratropical
5885     troposphere: theory}},
5886     EDITOR = {{B. J. Hoskins and R. P. Pearce}},
5887     BOOKTITLE = {{Large-scale dynamical processes in the atmosphere}},
5888     PAGES = {127-168},
5889     YEAR = 1982,
5890     PUBLISHER = {Academic Press, London}
5891     }
5892    
5893     @ARTICLE{Hellerman1980,
5894     AUTHOR = {Hellerman, S.},
5895     TITLE = {{Charts of the variability of the wind stress over the tropical Atlantic. GATE Suppl. II}},
5896     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
5897     VOLUME = {26},
5898     PAGES = {63-75},
5899     YEAR = {1980}
5900     }
5901    
5902     @ARTICLE{Hellerman:Rosenstein1983,
5903     AUTHOR = {Hellerman, S. and M. Rosenstein},
5904     TITLE = {{Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates}},
5905     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5906     VOLUME = {13},
5907     PAGES = {1093-1104},
5908     YEAR = {1983}
5909     }
5910    
5911     @BOOK{Henshaw1985,
5912     AUTHOR = {Henshaw, W.D.},
5913     TITLE = {{Part 1: The numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws; Part 2: Composite overlapping grid techniques}},
5914     PAGES = {170},
5915     YEAR = {1985},
5916     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis}}
5917     }
5918    
5919     @ARTICLE{Herman:Goody1976,
5920     AUTHOR = {Herman, G. and R. Goody},
5921     TITLE = {{Formation and persistence of summertime Arctic stratus clouds}},
5922     JOURNAL = jas,
5923     VOLUME = {33},
5924     PAGES = {1537-1553},
5925     YEAR = {1976}
5926     }
5927    
5928     @ARTICLE{Herterich:Hasselmann1987,
5929     AUTHOR = {K. Herterich and K. Hasselmann},
5930     TITLE = {Extraction of Mixed Layer Advection Velocities,
5931     Diffusion Coefficients, Feedback Factors and
5932     Atmospheric Forcing Parameters from the Statistical
5933     Analysis of {North} {Pacific} {SST} Anomaly Fields.},
5934     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5935     YEAR = 1987,
5936     VOLUME = 17,
5937     PAGES = {2145-2156},
5938     KEYWORDS = {Inverse modeling}
5939     }
5940    
5941     @ARTICLE{Hess:etal1993,
5942     AUTHOR = {Hess, P. G. and D. S. Battisti and P. J. Rasch},
5943     TITLE = {{Maintenance of the Intertropical Convergence Zones and the
5944     large-scale tropical circulation on a water-covered Earth}},
5945     JOURNAL = jas,
5946     VOLUME = {50},
5947     PAGES = {691-713},
5948     YEAR = {1993}
5949     }
5950    
5951     @ARTICLE{Hewitt:Mitchell1997,
5952     AUTHOR = {Hewitt, C. D. and J. F. B. Mitchell},
5953     TITLE = {{Radiative forcing and response of a GCM to ice age boundary
5954     conditions: cloud feedback and climate sensitivity}},
5955     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
5956     VOLUME = {13},
5957     PAGES = {821-834},
5958     YEAR = {1997}
5959     }
5960    
5961     @ARTICLE{Hibler1979,
5962     AUTHOR = {W. D. Hibler},
5963     TITLE = {{A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model}},
5964     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5965     VOLUME = {9},
5966     PAGES = {815-846},
5967     YEAR = {1979}
5968     }
5969    
5970     @ARTICLE{Hirst1986,
5971     AUTHOR = {Hirst, A.C.},
5972     TITLE = {{Unstable and damped equatorial modes in simple coupled ocean-atmosphere models}},
5973     JOURNAL = jas,
5974     VOLUME = {43},
5975     PAGES = {606-630},
5976     YEAR = {1986}
5977     }
5978    
5979     @ARTICLE{Hirst1988,
5980     AUTHOR = {Hirst, A.C.},
5981     TITLE = {{Slow instabilities in tropical ocean basin - global atmosphere models}},
5982     JOURNAL = jas,
5983     VOLUME = {45},
5984     PAGES = {830-852},
5985     YEAR = {1988}
5986     }
5987    
5988     @ARTICLE{Hirst:Hastenrath1983a,
5989     AUTHOR = {A.C. Hirst and S. Hastenrath},
5990     TITLE = {{Diagnostics of hydrometeorological anomalies in the
5991     Zaire (Congo) basin.}},
5992     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. R. Met. Soc.},
5993     YEAR = {1983a},
5994     VOLUME = {109},
5995     OPTNUMBER = {},
5996     PAGES = {881-892},
5997     OPTMONTH = {},
5998     OPTNOTE = {}
5999     }
6000    
6001     @ARTICLE{Hirst:Hastenrath1983b,
6002     AUTHOR = {A.C. Hirst and S. Hastenrath},
6003     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-ocean mechanisms of climate anomalies in
6004     the Angola-tropical Atlantic sector.}},
6005     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.l},
6006     YEAR = {1983b},
6007     VOLUME = {13},
6008     OPTNUMBER = {},
6009     PAGES = {1146-1157},
6010     OPTMONTH = {},
6011     OPTNOTE = {}
6012     }
6013    
6014     @ARTICLE{Holton:Colton1972,
6015     AUTHOR = {Holton, J. R. and D. E. Colton},
6016     TITLE = {{A diagnostic study of the vorticity balance at 200mb
6017     in the tropics during the northern summer}},
6018     JOURNAL = jas,
6019     YEAR = {1972},
6020     VOLUME = {29},
6021     OPTNUMBER = {},
6022     PAGES = {1124-1128},
6023     OPTMONTH = {},
6024     OPTNOTE = {}
6025     }
6026    
6027     @ARTICLE{Holton:etal1971,
6028     AUTHOR = {Holton, J. R. and J. M. Wallace and J. A. Young},
6029     TITLE = {{On boundary layer dynamics and the ITCZ}},
6030     JOURNAL = jas,
6031     YEAR = {1971},
6032     VOLUME = {28},
6033     OPTNUMBER = {},
6034     PAGES = {275-280},
6035     OPTMONTH = {},
6036     OPTNOTE = {}
6037     }
6038    
6039     @ARTICLE{Holtslag:Boville1993,
6040     AUTHOR = {Holtslag, A. A. M. and B. A. Boville},
6041     TITLE = {{Local versus nonlocal boundary layer diffusion in a
6042     global climate model}},
6043     JOURNAL = jc,
6044     YEAR = {1993},
6045     VOLUME = {6},
6046     OPTNUMBER = {},
6047     PAGES = {1825-1842},
6048     OPTMONTH = {},
6049     OPTNOTE = {}
6050     }
6051    
6052     @ARTICLE{Holtslag:etal1990,
6053     AUTHOR = {Holtslag, A. A. M. and E. I. F. deBruijn and H. L. Pan},
6054     TITLE = {{A high resolution air mass transformation model for
6055     short-range weather forecasting}},
6056     JOURNAL = mwr,
6057     YEAR = {1990},
6058     VOLUME = {118},
6059     OPTNUMBER = {},
6060     PAGES = {1561-1575},
6061     OPTMONTH = {},
6062     OPTNOTE = {}
6063     }
6064    
6065     @ARTICLE{Horel:Wallace1981,
6066     AUTHOR = {Horel, J. D. and Wallace, J. M.},
6067     TITLE = {Planetary scale atmospheric phenomena associated with
6068     the {Southern Oscillation}.},
6069     JOURNAL = {Mon. Wea. Rev. },
6070     YEAR = {1981},
6071     VOLUME = {109},
6072     OPTNUMBER = {},
6073     PAGES = {813-829},
6074     OPTMONTH = {},
6075     OPTNOTE = {}
6076     }
6077    
6078     @ARTICLE{Hoskins:Karoly1981,
6079     AUTHOR = {Hoskins, B.J. and K. Karoly},
6080     TITLE = {{The steady response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. }},
6081     JOURNAL = jas,
6082     VOLUME = {38},
6083     PAGES = {1179-1196},
6084     YEAR = {1981}
6085     }
6086    
6087     @ARTICLE{Hoskins:Valdes1990,
6088     AUTHOR = {Hoskins, B.J. and P. J. Valdes},
6089     TITLE = {{On the existence of storm tracks. }},
6090     JOURNAL = jas,
6091     VOLUME = {47},
6092     PAGES = {1854-1864},
6093     YEAR = {1990}
6094     }
6095    
6096     @ARTICLE{Hoskins1996,
6097     AUTHOR = {Hoskins, B.J.},
6098     TITLE = {{On the existence and strength of the summer subtropical anticyclones }},
6099     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
6100     VOLUME = {77},
6101     PAGES = {1287-1292},
6102     YEAR = {1996}
6103     }
6104    
6105     @ARTICLE{Houghton:Colin1987,
6106     AUTHOR = {Robert W. Houghton and Christian Colin},
6107     TITLE = {Wind-Driven Meridional Eddy Flux in the {Gulf} of {Guinea}},
6108     JOURNAL = jgr,
6109     YEAR = 1987,
6110     VOLUME = 92,
6111     NUMBER = {C10},
6112     PAGES = {10777-10786},
6113     KEYWORDS = {eddy heat flux, Gulf of Guinea}
6114     }
6115    
6116     @ARTICLE{Houghton:Tourre1992,
6117     AUTHOR = {Houghton, R. W. and Y. Tourre},
6118     TITLE = {{Characteristics of low frequency sea surface temperature fluctuations in the tropical Atlantic}},
6119     JOURNAL = jc,
6120     VOLUME = 5,
6121     PAGES = {765-771},
6122     YEAR = 1992
6123     }
6124    
6125     @ARTICLE{Hsiung1986,
6126     AUTHOR = {Hsiung, J.},
6127     TITLE = {{Mean surface energy fluxes over the global ocean}},
6128     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6129     VOLUME = {91},
6130     PAGES = {10,585-10,606},
6131     YEAR = {1986}
6132     }
6133    
6134     @ARTICLE{Hsiung:etal1989,
6135     AUTHOR = {Hsiung, J. and R. E. Newell and T. Houghtby},
6136     TITLE = {{The annual cycle of oceanic heat storage and oceanic meridional heat transport}},
6137     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
6138     VOLUME = {115},
6139     PAGES = {1-28},
6140     YEAR = {1989}
6141     }
6142    
6143     @ARTICLE{Huang:Bryan1987,
6144     AUTHOR = {Huang, R.X. and D. Bryan},
6145     TITLE = {{A multilayer model of the thermohaline and wind-driven ocean circulation}},
6146     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6147     VOLUME = {17},
6148     PAGES = {1909-1024},
6149     YEAR = {1987}
6150     }
6151    
6152     @ARTICLE{Huang:Shukla1997,
6153     AUTHOR = {Huang, B. and J. Shukla},
6154     TITLE = {{Characteristics of the interannual and decadal variability
6155     in a general circulation model of the tropical
6156     Atlantic Ocean}},
6157     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6158     VOLUME = {27},
6159     PAGES = {1693-1712},
6160     YEAR = {1997}
6161     }
6162    
6163     @ARTICLE{Hurrell1995,
6164     AUTHOR = {J. W. Hurrell},
6165     TITLE = {{Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional
6166     temperatures and precipitation}},
6167     JOURNAL = {Science},
6168     VOLUME = {269},
6169     PAGES = {676-679},
6170     YEAR = {1995}
6171     }
6172    
6173     @ARTICLE{Hurrell1996,
6174     AUTHOR = {J. W. Hurrell},
6175     TITLE = {{Influence of variations in extratropical wintertime
6176     teleconnections on Northern Hemisphere temperature}},
6177     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
6178     VOLUME = {23},
6179     PAGES = {665-668},
6180     YEAR = {1996}
6181     }
6182    
6183     @ARTICLE{Hurrell:VanLoon1997,
6184     AUTHOR = {J. W. Hurrell and H. Van Loon},
6185     TITLE = {{Decadal variations in climate associated with the North
6186     Atlantic Oscillation}},
6187     JOURNAL = {Climatic Change},
6188     VOLUME = {36},
6189     PAGES = {301-326},
6190     NOTE = {},
6191     YEAR = {1997}
6192     }
6193    
6194     @ARTICLE{Inamdar:Ramanathan1994,
6195     AUTHOR = {Inamdar, A. K. and V. Ramanathan},
6196     TITLE = {Physics of greenhouse effect and convection in warm oceans},
6197     JOURNAL = jc,
6198     YEAR = {1994},
6199     VOLUME = {7},
6200     OPTNUMBER = {},
6201     PAGES = {715-731},
6202     OPTMONTH = {},
6203     OPTNOTE = {}
6204     }
6205    
6206     @ARTICLE{Inoue:O'Brien1984,
6207     AUTHOR = {Inoue, M. and J.J. O'Brien},
6208     TITLE = {A forecasting model for the onset of {El Ni\~no}.},
6209     JOURNAL = mwr,
6210     YEAR = {1984},
6211     VOLUME = {112},
6212     OPTNUMBER = {},
6213     PAGES = {2326-2337},
6214     OPTMONTH = {},
6215     OPTNOTE = {}
6216     }
6217    
6218     @BOOK{IPCC1990,
6219     AUTHOR = {{Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}},
6220     TITLE = {{Climate change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment}},
6221     YEAR = {1990},
6222     PAGES = {365},
6223     PUBLISHER = {{Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 365pp}}
6224     }
6225    
6226     @ARTICLE{Israeli:Gottlieb1974,
6227     AUTHOR = {M. Israeli and D. Gottlieb},
6228     TITLE = {xxx},
6229     JOURNAL = mwr,
6230     YEAR = 1974,
6231     VOLUME = 102,
6232     PAGES = {254-256}
6233     }
6234    
6235     @ARTICLE{Israeli:etal1999,
6236     AUTHOR = {M. Israeli and N. Naik and M. A. Cane},
6237     TITLE = {{An unconditionally stable scheme for the shallow
6238     water equations}},
6239     JOURNAL = mwr,
6240     YEAR = 2000,
6241     VOLUME = {128},
6242     PAGES = {810-823},
6243     OPTNOTE = {}
6244     }
6245    
6246     @ARTICLE{Jaeger1976,
6247     AUTHOR = {Jaeger, L.},
6248     TITLE = {{Monatskarten des Niederschlags f{\"ur} die ganze Erde.}},
6249     JOURNAL = {{Ber. Dtsch. Wetterdienstes}},
6250     VOLUME = {{18(139)}},
6251     YEAR = {1976},
6252     PAGES = {{38pp}}
6253     }
6254    
6255     @ARTICLE{Jabouille:etal1996,
6256     AUTHOR = {P. Jabouille and J. L. Redelsperger and J. P. LaFlore},
6257     TITLE = {{Modification of surface fluxes by atmospheric convection in
6258     the TOGA COARE region}},
6259     JOURNAL = mwr,
6260     VOLUME = {124},
6261     PAGES = {816-837},
6262     YEAR = {1996}
6263     }
6264    
6265     @ARTICLE{Janjic1990,
6266     AUTHOR = {Z. I. Janji\'{c}},
6267     TITLE = {{The step-mountain coordinate: Physical passage}},
6268     JOURNAL = mwr,
6269     VOLUME = {118},
6270     PAGES = {1429-1443},
6271     YEAR = {1990}
6272     }
6273    
6274     @ARTICLE{Janjic1994,
6275     AUTHOR = {Z. I. Janji\'{c}},
6276     TITLE = {{The step-mountain Eta coordinate model: Further
6277     developments of the convection, viscous sublayer,
6278     and turbulence closure schemes}},
6279     JOURNAL = mwr,
6280     VOLUME = {122},
6281     PAGES = {927-945},
6282     YEAR = {1994}
6283     }
6284    
6285     @ARTICLE{Jenkins1982,
6286     AUTHOR = {Jenkins, W.J.},
6287     TITLE = {{On the climate of a subtropical ocean gyre: Decadal timescale variations in water mass renewal in the Sargasso Sea}},
6288     JOURNAL = jmr,
6289     VOLUME = {40Suppl},
6290     PAGES = {265-290},
6291     YEAR = {1982}
6292     }
6293    
6294     @BOOK{Jenkins:Watts1968,
6295     AUTHOR = {Gwilym M. Jenkins and Donald G. Watts},
6296     TITLE = {Spectral Analysis and its applications},
6297     PUBLISHER = {Holden-Day},
6298     YEAR = {1968},
6299     PAGES = {525},
6300     OPTEDITOR = {},
6301     OPTVOLUME = {},
6302     OPTSERIES = {},
6303     OPTADDRESS = {},
6304     OPTEDITION = {},
6305     OPTMONTH = {},
6306     OPTNOTE = {}
6307     }
6308    
6309     @ARTICLE{Jin:Neelin1993,
6310     AUTHOR = {F.-F. Jin and J. D. Neelin},
6311     TITLE = {{Modes of interannual tropical ocean-atmosphere
6312     interaction - a unified view. Part I: numerical results.}},
6313     JOURNAL = jas,
6314     NOTE = {(accepted)},
6315     YEAR = {1993}
6316     }
6317    
6318     @ARTICLE{Jin1997,
6319     AUTHOR = {F.-F. Jin},
6320     TITLE = {{A theory of interdecadal climate variability of the
6321     North Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere system}},
6322     JOURNAL = jc,
6323     NOTE = {},
6324     VOLUME = {10},
6325     PAGES = {1821-1835},
6326     YEAR = {1997}
6327     }
6328    
6329     @ARTICLE{Jones1988,
6330     AUTHOR = {Jones, P.D.},
6331     TITLE = {The influence of ENSO on global temperatures.},
6332     JOURNAL = {Climate Monitor},
6333     YEAR = {1988},
6334     VOLUME = {17},
6335     OPTNUMBER = {},
6336     PAGES = {80-89},
6337     OPTMONTH = {},
6338     OPTNOTE = {}
6339     }
6340    
6341     @ARTICLE{Kalnay:etal1996,
6342     AUTHOR = {E. Kalnay and others},
6343     TITLE = {{The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project}},
6344     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
6345     VOLUME = 77,
6346     PAGES = {437-471},
6347     YEAR = 1996
6348     }
6349    
6350     @ARTICLE{Kanamitsu:etal1990,
6351     AUTHOR = {Kanamitsu, M. and K. C. Mo and E. Kalnay},
6352     TITLE = {{Annual cycle integration of the NMC medium-range
6353     forecasting (MRF) model}},
6354     JOURNAL = mwr,
6355     VOLUME = 118,
6356     PAGES = {2543-2467},
6357     YEAR = 1990
6358     }
6359    
6360     @ARTICLE{Kantha:Mellor1989,
6361     AUTHOR = {Kantha, L. H. and G. L. Mellor},
6362     TITLE = {{A numerical model of the atmospheric boundary layer over a
6363     marginal ice zone}},
6364     JOURNAL = jgr,
6365     VOLUME = 94,
6366     PAGES = {4959-4970},
6367     YEAR = 1989
6368     }
6369    
6370     @ARTICLE{Kaplan:etal1997a,
6371     AUTHOR = {A. Kaplan and Y. Kushnir and M. A. Cane and M. B. Blumenthal},
6372     TITLE = {{Reduced space optimal analysis for historical data sets:
6373     136 years of Atlantic sea surface temperatures}},
6374     JOURNAL = jgr,
6375     VOLUME = {},
6376     PAGES = {},
6377     NOTE = {in press},
6378     YEAR = 1997
6379     }
6380    
6381     @ARTICLE{Kaplan:etal1997b,
6382     AUTHOR = {A. Kaplan and M. A. Cane and Y. Kushnir and A. C. Clement
6383     and M. B. Blumenthal and B. Rajagopalan},
6384     TITLE = {{Analyses of global sea surface temperature: 1856-1991}},
6385     JOURNAL = jgr,
6386     VOLUME = {},
6387     PAGES = {},
6388     NOTE = {in press},
6389     YEAR = 1997
6390     }
6391    
6392     @ARTICLE{Kasahara1976,
6393     AUTHOR = {A. Kasahara},
6394     TITLE = {{Normal modes of ultralong waves in the atmosphere}},
6395     JOURNAL = mwr,
6396     VOLUME = 104,
6397     PAGES = {669-690},
6398     YEAR = 1976
6399     }
6400    
6401     @ARTICLE{Kasahara1978,
6402     AUTHOR = {A. Kasahara},
6403     TITLE = {{Further studies on a spectral model of the global
6404     barotropic primitive equations with Hough harmonic expansions}},
6405     JOURNAL = jas,
6406     VOLUME = 35,
6407     PAGES = {2043-2051},
6408     YEAR = 1978
6409     }
6410    
6411     @ARTICLE{Karspeck:Cane2001,
6412     AUTHOR = {A. Karspeck and M. A. Cane},
6413     TITLE = {{Tropical Pacific 1976/77 climate shift in a linear
6414     wind-driven model}},
6415     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6416     VOLUME = {},
6417     PAGES = {},
6418     NOTE = {submitted},
6419     YEAR = 2001
6420     }
6421    
6422     @ARTICLE{Kasahara:Shigehisa1983,
6423     AUTHOR = {A. Kasahara and Y. Shigehisa},
6424     TITLE = {{Orthogonal vertical normal modes of a vertically staggered
6425     discretized atmospheric model}},
6426     JOURNAL = mwr,
6427     VOLUME = 111,
6428     PAGES = {1724-1735},
6429     YEAR = 1983
6430     }
6431    
6432     @ARTICLE{Kawase1987,
6433     AUTHOR = {Kawase, M.},
6434     TITLE = {{Establishment of deep ocean circulation driven by deep-water production.}},
6435     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6436     VOLUME = {17},
6437     PAGES = {2294-2317},
6438     YEAR = {1987}
6439     }
6440    
6441     @TECHREPORT{Kiehl:etal1987,
6442     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J.T and R.J. Wolski and B.P. Briegleb and V. Ramanathan},
6443     TITLE = {{Documentation of radiation and cloud routines in the NCAR
6444     Community Climate Model (CCM1)}},
6445     INSTITUTION = {{National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
6446     Colorado, 109pp}},
6447     NUMBER = {NCAR/TN-288+1A},
6448     YEAR = {1987}
6449     }
6450    
6451     @ARTICLE{Kiehl:Briegleb1991,
6452     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J. T. and B. P. Briegleb},
6453     TITLE = {{A new parameterization of the absorptance due to the
6454     15-$\mu$m band system of carbon dioxide}},
6455     JOURNAL = jgr,
6456     VOLUME = {96},
6457     PAGES = {9013-9019},
6458     YEAR = {1991 }
6459     }
6460    
6461     @ARTICLE{Kiehl:Ramanathan1982,
6462     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J. T. and V. Ramanathan},
6463     TITLE = {{Radiative heating due to increased $C0_2$: The role of the
6464     $H_2O$ continuum absorption in the 12-18$\mu$m region.}},
6465     JOURNAL = jas,
6466     VOLUME = {39},
6467     PAGES = {2923-2926},
6468     YEAR = {1982 }
6469     }
6470    
6471     @ARTICLE{Kiehl:Ramanathan1983,
6472     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J. T. and V. Ramanathan},
6473     TITLE = {{$CO_2$ radiative parameterization used in climate models:
6474     Comparison with narrow band models and with
6475     laboratory data}},
6476     JOURNAL = jgr,
6477     VOLUME = {88},
6478     PAGES = {5191-5202},
6479     YEAR = {1983 }
6480     }
6481    
6482     @ARTICLE{Killworth1985,
6483     AUTHOR = {Killworth, P.D.},
6484     TITLE = {{A two-level wind and buoyancy driven thermocline model}},
6485     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6486     VOLUME = {15},
6487     PAGES = {1414-1432},
6488     YEAR = {1985 }
6489     }
6490    
6491     @ARTICLE{Kistler:etal2001,
6492     AUTHOR = {Kistler, R. and 12 others},
6493     TITLE = {{The NCEP-NCAR 50-year Reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation}},
6494     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
6495     VOLUME = {82},
6496     PAGES = {247-268},
6497     YEAR = {2001 }
6498     }
6499    
6500     @ARTICLE{Kleeman:Power1995,
6501     AUTHOR = {R. Kleeman and S. B. Power},
6502     TITLE = {{A simple atmospheric model of surface heat flux for
6503     use in ocean modeling studies}},
6504     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6505     YEAR = {1995},
6506     VOLUME = {25},
6507     PAGES = {92-105}
6508     }
6509    
6510     @ARTICLE{Klein:Hartmann1993,
6511     AUTHOR = {S. A. Klein and D. L. Hartmann},
6512     TITLE = {{The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds}},
6513     JOURNAL = jc,
6514     YEAR = {1993},
6515     VOLUME = {6},
6516     PAGES = {1587-1606}
6517     }
6518    
6519     @ARTICLE{Knutson:Manabe1995,
6520     AUTHOR = {T. R. Knutson and S. Manabe},
6521     TITLE = {{Time-mean response over the tropical Pacific to
6522     increased $CO_2$ in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
6523     JOURNAL = jc,
6524     YEAR = {1995},
6525     VOLUME = {8},
6526     PAGES = {2181-2199}
6527     }
6528    
6529     @ARTICLE{Knutson:etal1996,
6530     AUTHOR = {T. R. Knutson and S. Manabe and D. Gu},
6531     TITLE = {{Simulated ENSO in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere
6532     model: Multi-decadal amplitude modulation and
6533     $CO_2$ sensitivity}},
6534     JOURNAL = jc,
6535     NOTE = {in press},
6536     YEAR = {1996},
6537     VOLUME = {},
6538     PAGES = {}
6539     }
6540    
6541     @ARTICLE{Kloesel:Albrecht1989,
6542     AUTHOR = {K. A. Kloesel and B. A. Albrecht},
6543     TITLE = {{Low-level inversions over the tropical
6544     Pacific-thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer
6545     and the above inversion moisture structure}},
6546     JOURNAL = mwr,
6547     YEAR = {1989},
6548     VOLUME = {117},
6549     PAGES = {87-101}
6550     }
6551    
6552     @ARTICLE{Kousky:etal1984,
6553     AUTHOR = {V.E. Kousky and M.T. Kagano and I.F.A. Cavalcanti},
6554     TITLE = {{A review of the Southern Oscillation:
6555     oceanic-atmospheric circulation changes and related
6556     rainfall anomalies.}},
6557     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6558     YEAR = {1984},
6559     VOLUME = {36A},
6560     PAGES = {490-504}
6561     }
6562    
6563     @ARTICLE{Kraus:Turner1967,
6564     AUTHOR = {Kraus, E.B. and J.S. Turner},
6565     TITLE = {A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline.
6566     {II}: {The general theory and its consequences.}},
6567     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6568     YEAR = {1967},
6569     VOLUME = {19},
6570     OPTNUMBER = {},
6571     PAGES = {98-106},
6572     OPTMONTH = {},
6573     OPTNOTE = {}
6574     }
6575    
6576     @ARTICLE{Krishnamurti1971,
6577     AUTHOR = {Krishnamurti, T. N.},
6578     TITLE = {{Tropical east-west circulations during the northern summer}},
6579     JOURNAL = jas,
6580     YEAR = {1971},
6581     VOLUME = {28},
6582     OPTNUMBER = {},
6583     PAGES = {1342-1347},
6584     OPTMONTH = {},
6585     OPTNOTE = {}
6586     }
6587    
6588     @ARTICLE{Krishnamurti:etal1973,
6589     AUTHOR = {Krishnamurti, T. N. and M. Kanamitsu and W. J. Koss
6590     and J. D. Lee},
6591     TITLE = {{Tropical east-west circulations during the northern winter}},
6592     JOURNAL = jas,
6593     YEAR = {1973},
6594     VOLUME = {30},
6595     OPTNUMBER = {},
6596     PAGES = {780-787},
6597     OPTMONTH = {},
6598     OPTNOTE = {}
6599     }
6600    
6601     @ARTICLE{Kuo1965,
6602     AUTHOR = {H-L Kuo},
6603     TITLE = {On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones
6604     through latent heat release by cumulus convection},
6605     JOURNAL = jas,
6606     YEAR = {1965},
6607     OPTVOLUME = {22},
6608     OPTNUMBER = {},
6609     OPTPAGES = {40-63},
6610     OPTMONTH = {},
6611     OPTNOTE = {}
6612     }
6613    
6614     @ARTICLE{Kuo1974,
6615     AUTHOR = {H-L Kuo},
6616     TITLE = {Further studies of the influence of cumulus
6617     convection on large scale flow},
6618     JOURNAL = jas,
6619     YEAR = {1974},
6620     VOLUME = {31},
6621     OPTNUMBER = {},
6622     PAGES = {1232-1240},
6623     OPTMONTH = {},
6624     OPTNOTE = {}
6625     }
6626    
6627     @ARTICLE{Kushnir1991,
6628     AUTHOR = {Y. Kushnir},
6629     TITLE = {A simple method for the removal of the linear trend
6630     in equatorial {Pacific} wind stress field},
6631     JOURNAL = {submitted to TOGA {Notes}},
6632     YEAR = {1991},
6633     OPTVOLUME = {},
6634     OPTNUMBER = {},
6635     OPTPAGES = {},
6636     OPTMONTH = {},
6637     OPTNOTE = {}
6638     }
6639    
6640     @ARTICLE{Kushner:Held1998,
6641     AUTHOR = {Kushner, P. J. and I. M. Held},
6642     TITLE = {{A test, using atmospheric data, of a method for estimating
6643     oceanic eddy diffusivity}},
6644     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
6645     VOLUME = {25},
6646     PAGES = {4213-4216},
6647     YEAR = {1998}
6648     }
6649    
6650     @ARTICLE{Kushnir1994,
6651     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y},
6652     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variations in North Atlantic sea surface
6653     temperature and associated atmospheric conditions}},
6654     JOURNAL = jc,
6655     VOLUME = {7},
6656     PAGES = {141-157},
6657     YEAR = {1994}
6658     }
6659    
6660     @ARTICLE{Kushnir:Wallace1989,
6661     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y. and J.M. Wallace},
6662     TITLE = {{Low-frequency variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter: Geographical distribution and time-scale dependence}},
6663     JOURNAL = jas,
6664     VOLUME = {46},
6665     PAGES = {3122-3142},
6666     YEAR = {1989}
6667     }
6668    
6669     @ARTICLE{Kushnir:Held1996,
6670     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y. and I. M. Held},
6671     TITLE = {{Equilibrium response to North Atlantic SST anomalies}},
6672     JOURNAL = jc,
6673     VOLUME = {9},
6674     PAGES = {1208-1220},
6675     YEAR = {1996}
6676     }
6677    
6678     @ARTICLE{Kushnir:etal1997,
6679     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y. and V. J. Cardone and J. G. Greenwood and M. A. Cane},
6680     TITLE = {{On the recent increase in North Atlantic wave heights}},
6681     JOURNAL = jc,
6682     VOLUME = {},
6683     PAGES = {},
6684     YEAR = {1997},
6685     NOTE = {In press}
6686     }
6687    
6688     @TECHREPORT{Kushnir1996,
6689     AUTHOR = {Y. Kushnir},
6690     TITLE = {{ The pattern of Atlantic decadal ocean-atmosphere
6691     interaction: Link to global SST variability and climate over the
6692     continents}},
6693     INSTITUTION = {{The Atlantic Climate Change Program PI meeting, Woods Hole,
6694     NOAA/UCAR}},
6695     NUMBER = {76-81},
6696     YEAR = {1996}
6697     }
6698    
6699     @ARTICLE{Kutzbach:etal1977,
6700     AUTHOR = {Kutzbach, J.E. and R.M. Chervin and D.D. Houghton},
6701     TITLE = {{Response of the NCAR general circulation model to prescribed changes in ocean surface temperature. Part I: Mid-latitude changes}},
6702     JOURNAL = jas,
6703     VOLUME = {34},
6704     PAGES = {1200-1213},
6705     YEAR = {1977}
6706     }
6707    
6708     @ARTICLE{Lacarra:Talagrand1988,
6709     AUTHOR = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Lacarra and Olivier Talagrand},
6710     TITLE = {Short-range evolution of small perturbations in a
6711     barotropic model},
6712     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6713     YEAR = {1988},
6714     VOLUME = {40A},
6715     OPTNUMBER = {},
6716     PAGES = {81-95},
6717     OPTMONTH = {},
6718     OPTNOTE = {}
6719     }
6720    
6721     @ARTICLE{Lacis:Hansen1974,
6722     AUTHOR = {Lacis, A.A. and J.E. Hansen},
6723     TITLE = {{A parameterization for the absorption of solar radiation in
6724     the Earth's atmosphere}},
6725     JOURNAL = jas,
6726     VOLUME = {31},
6727     PAGES = {118-133},
6728     YEAR = {1974}
6729     }
6730    
6731     @INCOLLECTION{Lagos:Buizer1992,
6732     AUTHOR = {Lagos, P. and J. Buizer},
6733     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no and Peru: A nation's response to
6734     interannual climate variability}},
6735     BOOKTITLE = {{Natural and Technological Disasters: Cause, Effects
6736     and Preventive Measures.}},
6737     PUBLISHER = {The Pennsylvania Academy of Science},
6738     YEAR = 1992,
6739     EDITOR = {Makjumdar, S. K. and G. S. Forbes and E. W. Miller and
6740     R. F. Schmalz},
6741     PAGES = {223-238},
6742     ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, U.S.A.}
6743     }
6744    
6745     @ARTICLE{Lall:Moon1997,
6746     AUTHOR = {U. Lall and Y. Moon},
6747     TITLE = {Local Weighted Polynomial Regression :
6748     Parameter choice and application to forecasts of the {Great Salt Lake}},
6749     JOURNAL = {Water Resources Research},
6750     VOLUME = {},
6751     PAGES = {},
6752     NOTE = {submitted},
6753     YEAR = 1997
6754     }
6755    
6756     @ARTICLE{Lall:Sharma1996,
6757     AUTHOR = {U. Lall and A. Sharma},
6758     TITLE = {A Nearest Neighbor Bootstrap for Time Series Resampling},
6759     JOURNAL = {Water Resources Research},
6760     VOLUME = {32(3)},
6761     PAGES = {679-693},
6762     NOTE = {},
6763     YEAR = 1996
6764     }
6765    
6766     @ARTICLE{Lall:etal1997,
6767     AUTHOR = {U. Lall and K. Bosworth and A. Owosina},
6768     TITLE = {Local Polynomial Estimation of Spatial Surfaces},
6769     JOURNAL = {Computational Statistics},
6770     VOLUME = {},
6771     PAGES = {},
6772     NOTE = {in press},
6773     YEAR = 1997
6774     }
6775    
6776     @ARTICLE{Lamb1978a,
6777     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P.J.},
6778     TITLE = {{Large scale tropical Atlantic surface circulation patterns associated with Sub-Saharan weather anomalies}},
6779     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6780     VOLUME = {30},
6781     PAGES = {240-251},
6782     YEAR = {1978a}
6783     }
6784    
6785     @ARTICLE{Lamb1983,
6786     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P.J.},
6787     TITLE = {{West African water vapor variations between recent contrasting Subsaharan rainy seasons}},
6788     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6789     VOLUME = {35A},
6790     PAGES = {198-212},
6791     YEAR = {1983}
6792     }
6793    
6794     @ARTICLE{Lamb1978b,
6795     AUTHOR = {P.J. Lamb},
6796     TITLE = {{Case studies of tropical Atlantic surface circulation
6797     patterns during recent Sub-Saharan weather anomalies:
6798     1967 and 1968.}},
6799     JOURNAL = mwr,
6800     YEAR = {1978b},
6801     VOLUME = {106},
6802     OPTNUMBER = {},
6803     PAGES = {482-491},
6804     OPTMONTH = {},
6805     OPTNOTE = {}
6806     }
6807    
6808     @INCOLLECTION{Lamb:Peppler1991,
6809     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P. J. and R. A. Peppler},
6810     TITLE = {{West Africa}},
6811     BOOKTITLE = {{In Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate
6812     Anomalies.}},
6813     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge U. Press},
6814     YEAR = 1991,
6815     EDITOR = {Glantz, M.H. and R.W. Katz and N. Nicholls},
6816     CHAPTER = 5,
6817     PAGES = {121-189},
6818     ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England}
6819     }
6820    
6821     @ARTICLE{Lamb:Peppler1992,
6822     AUTHOR = {P.J. Lamb and R. A. Peppler},
6823     TITLE = {{Further case studies of tropical Atlantic surface
6824     atmospheric and oceanic patterns associated with
6825     sub-Saharan drought}},
6826     JOURNAL = jc,
6827     YEAR = {1992},
6828     VOLUME = {5},
6829     OPTNUMBER = {},
6830     PAGES = {476-488},
6831     OPTMONTH = {},
6832     OPTNOTE = {}
6833     }
6834    
6835     @ARTICLE{Lamb:Peppler1987,
6836     AUTHOR = {P.J. Lamb and R. A. Peppler},
6837     TITLE = {{North Atlantic oscillation: Concept and an application}},
6838     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
6839     YEAR = {1987},
6840     VOLUME = {68},
6841     OPTNUMBER = {},
6842     PAGES = {1218-1225},
6843     OPTMONTH = {},
6844     OPTNOTE = {}
6845     }
6846    
6847     @ARTICLE{Lamb:etal1986,
6848     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P. J. and R. A. Peppler and S. Hastenrath},
6849     TITLE = {{Interannual variability in the tropical Atlantic}},
6850     JOURNAL = {Nature},
6851     VOLUME = 322,
6852     PAGES = {238-240},
6853     YEAR = 1986
6854     }
6855    
6856     @ARTICLE{Large:Pond1981,
6857     AUTHOR = {Large, W.G. and S. Pon},
6858     TITLE = {{Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds}},
6859     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6860     VOLUME = {11},
6861     PAGES = {324-336},
6862     YEAR = {1981}
6863     }
6864    
6865     @ARTICLE{Large:etal1986,
6866     AUTHOR = {Large, W.G. and J.C. McWilliams and P.P. Niiler},
6867     TITLE = {Upper ocean thermal response to strong autumnal
6868     forcing of the Northeast Pacific},
6869     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6870     YEAR = {1986},
6871     OPTVOLUME = {},
6872     OPTNUMBER = {},
6873     OPTPAGES = {1524-1550},
6874     OPTMONTH = {},
6875     OPTNOTE = {}
6876     }
6877    
6878     @ARTICLE{Larson:etal1999,
6879     AUTHOR = {Larson, K. and and D. L. Hartmann and S. A. Klein},
6880     TITLE = {The role of clouds, water vapor, circulation and boundary layer structure in the sensitivity of tropical climate},
6881     JOURNAL = jc,
6882     YEAR = {1999},
6883     OPTVOLUME = {},
6884     OPTNUMBER = {},
6885     OPTPAGES = {},
6886     OPTMONTH = {},
6887     OPTNOTE = {In press.}
6888     }
6889    
6890     @ARTICLE{Latif1987,
6891     AUTHOR = {Latif, M.},
6892     TITLE = {{Tropical ocean circulation experiments}},
6893     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6894     VOLUME = {17},
6895     PAGES = {246-263},
6896     YEAR = {1987}
6897     }
6898    
6899     @ARTICLE{Latif:Barnett1994,
6900     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and T. P. Barnett},
6901     TITLE = {{Causes of decadal climate variability over the North
6902     Pacific/North American sector}},
6903     JOURNAL = {Science},
6904     VOLUME = {266},
6905     PAGES = {634-637},
6906     YEAR = {1994}
6907     }
6908    
6909     @ARTICLE{Latif:Barnett1996,
6910     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and T. P. Barnett},
6911     TITLE = {{Decadal climate variability over the North
6912     Pacific and North America: Dynamics and predictability}},
6913     JOURNAL = jc,
6914     VOLUME = {9},
6915     PAGES = {2407-2423},
6916     YEAR = {1996}
6917     }
6918    
6919     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1988,
6920     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and J. Biercamp and H. von Storch},
6921     TITLE = {{The response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to wind bursts}},
6922     JOURNAL = jas,
6923     VOLUME = {45},
6924     PAGES = {964-979},
6925     YEAR = {1988}
6926     }
6927    
6928     @INPROCEEDINGS{Latif:etal1988b,
6929     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and J. Biercamp and H. von Storch and F.W. Zwiers},
6930     TITLE = {A ten year climate simulation with a coupled
6931     ocean-atmosphere general circulation model.},
6932     BOOKTITLE = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"ur} Meteorologie, Report No. 21},
6933     PUBLISHER = {Bundesstrasse 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG},
6934     YEAR = {1988},
6935     OPTVOLUME = {},
6936     NUMBER = {21},
6937     OPTPAGES = {},
6938     OPTMONTH = {},
6939     OPTNOTE = {}
6940     }
6941    
6942     @TECHREPORT{Latif:etal1990,
6943     AUTHOR = {Mojib Latif and Moritz Fl{\"u}gel and Jin-Song Xu},
6944     TITLE = {An Investigation of Short Range Climate
6945     Predictability In the Tropical Pacific},
6946     INSTITUTION = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Meteorologie},
6947     YEAR = {1990},
6948     OPTTYPE = {},
6949     NUMBER = {52},
6950     PAGES = {39},
6951     OPTADDRESS = {},
6952     OPTMONTH = {},
6953     OPTNOTE = {}
6954     }
6955    
6956     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1991,
6957     AUTHOR = {Mojib Latif and Moritz Fl{\"u}gel and Jin-Song Xu},
6958     TITLE = {An investigation of short range climate
6959     predictability in the tropical {Pacific}},
6960     JOURNAL = jgr,
6961     YEAR = {1991},
6962     OPTVOLUME = {},
6963     OPTNUMBER = {},
6964     OPTPAGES = {},
6965     OPTMONTH = {},
6966     OPTNOTE = {}
6967     }
6968    
6969     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1994,
6970     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and T. P. Barnett and M. A. Cane and
6971     M. Fl{\"u}gel and N. E. Graham and H. von Storch and
6972     J.-S. Xu and S. E. Zebiak},
6973     TITLE = {{A review of ENSO prediction studies}},
6974     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
6975     YEAR = {1994},
6976     VOLUME = {9},
6977     OPTNUMBER = {},
6978     PAGES = {167-179},
6979     OPTMONTH = {},
6980     OPTNOTE = {}
6981     }
6982    
6983     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1996,
6984     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and R. Kleeman and C. Eckert},
6985     TITLE = {{Greenhouse warming, decadal variability or El
6986     Ni\~no? An attempt to understand the anomalous 1990s}},
6987     JOURNAL = jc,
6988     YEAR = {1996},
6989     VOLUME = {},
6990     OPTNUMBER = {},
6991     PAGES = {},
6992     OPTMONTH = {},
6993     NOTE = {submitted}
6994     }
6995    
6996     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal2000,
6997     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and E. Roeckner and U. Mikolajewicz and R. Voss},
6998     TITLE = {{Tropical stabilization of the thermohaline
6999     circulation in a greenhouse warming simulation}},
7000     JOURNAL = jc,
7001     YEAR = {2000},
7002     VOLUME = {13},
7003     OPTNUMBER = {},
7004     PAGES = {1809-1813},
7005     OPTMONTH = {},
7006     NOTE = {}
7007     }
7008    
7009     @ARTICLE{Lau:Peng1987,
7010     AUTHOR = {Lau, K-M. and L. Peng},
7011     TITLE = {Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations
7012     in the tropical atmosphere. Part I: Basic Theory},
7013     JOURNAL = jas,
7014     YEAR = {1987},
7015     VOLUME = {44},
7016     OPTNUMBER = {},
7017     PAGES = {950-972},
7018     OPTMONTH = {},
7019     OPTNOTE = {}
7020     }
7021    
7022     @ARTICLE{Lau1985,
7023     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C.},
7024     TITLE = {Modelling the seasonal dependence of the atmospheric
7025     response to observed {El Ni\~nos} in 1962-76.},
7026     JOURNAL = mwr,
7027     YEAR = {1985},
7028     VOLUME = {113},
7029     OPTNUMBER = {},
7030     PAGES = {1970-1996},
7031     OPTMONTH = {},
7032     OPTNOTE = {}
7033     }
7034    
7035     @ARTICLE{Lau:Lau1986,
7036     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C. and K-M. Lau},
7037     TITLE = {The structure and propagation of intraseasonal
7038     oscillations appearing in a {GFDL} general circulation model},
7039     JOURNAL = jas,
7040     YEAR = {1986},
7041     VOLUME = {43},
7042     OPTNUMBER = {},
7043     PAGES = {2023-2047},
7044     OPTMONTH = {},
7045     OPTNOTE = {}
7046     }
7047    
7048     @ARTICLE{Lau:etal1988,
7049     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and I. M. Held and J. D. Neelin},
7050     TITLE = {The {Madden-Julian} oscillation in an idealized general
7051     circulation model},
7052     JOURNAL = jas,
7053     YEAR = {1988},
7054     VOLUME = {45},
7055     OPTNUMBER = {},
7056     PAGES = {3810-3832},
7057     OPTMONTH = {},
7058     OPTNOTE = {}
7059     }
7060    
7061     @ARTICLE{Lau:Nath1990,
7062     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and M. J. Nath},
7063     TITLE = {{A general circulation model study of the atmospheric
7064     response to extratropical SST anomalies observed in 1950-1979}},
7065     JOURNAL = jc,
7066     VOLUME = {in press},
7067     YEAR = {1990}
7068     }
7069    
7070     @ARTICLE{Lau:Nath1994,
7071     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and M. J. Nath},
7072     TITLE = {{A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and
7073     extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of
7074     the global atmosphere-ocean system}},
7075     JOURNAL = jc,
7076     VOLUME = {7},
7077     PAGES = {1184-1207},
7078     YEAR = {1994}
7079     }
7080    
7081     @ARTICLE{Lau:Wallace1979,
7082     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and J. M. Wallace},
7083     TITLE = {{On the distribution of horizontal transports by transient
7084     eddies in the northern hemisphere wintertime circulation}},
7085     JOURNAL = jas,
7086     VOLUME = {36},
7087     PAGES = {1844-1861},
7088     YEAR = {1979}
7089     }
7090    
7091     @ARTICLE{Lau:etal1992,
7092     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C. and S. G. H. Philander and M. J. Nath},
7093     TITLE = {{Simulation of ENSO-like
7094     phenomena with a low-resolution coupled GCM of the
7095     global ocean and atmosphere}},
7096     JOURNAL = jc,
7097     VOLUME = {5},
7098     PAGES = {284-307},
7099     YEAR = {1992}
7100     }
7101    
7102     @ARTICLE{Lau1979,
7103     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C.},
7104     TITLE = {The observed structure of tropospheric stationary waves and the local balances of vorticity and heat},
7105     JOURNAL = jas,
7106     YEAR = {1979},
7107     VOLUME = {36},
7108     OPTNUMBER = {},
7109     PAGES = {996-1016},
7110     OPTMONTH = {},
7111     OPTNOTE = {}
7112     }
7113    
7114     @ARTICLE{Lazier1980,
7115     AUTHOR = {Lazier, J. R.},
7116     TITLE = {{Oceanographic conditions at ocean weather ship Bravo, 1964-1974}},
7117     JOURNAL = {Atmos.-Ocean.},
7118     VOLUME = {18},
7119     PAGES = {227-238},
7120     YEAR = {1980}
7121     }
7122    
7123     @ARTICLE{Leetmaa:Ji1989,
7124     AUTHOR = {Leetmaa, A. and M. Ji},
7125     TITLE = {Operational hindcasting of the Tropical Pacific},
7126     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Ocean.},
7127     YEAR = {1989},
7128     VOLUME = {13},
7129     OPTNUMBER = {},
7130     PAGES = {465-490},
7131     OPTMONTH = {},
7132     OPTNOTE = {}
7133     }
7134    
7135     @ARTICLE{Legler:etal1989,
7136     AUTHOR = {D. M. Legler and I. M. Navon and J. J. O'Brien},
7137     TITLE = {{Objective analysis of pseudostress over the Indian Ocean Using direct-minimization approach}},
7138     JOURNAL = mwr,
7139     VOLUME = {117},
7140     PAGES = {709-720},
7141     YEAR = {1989}
7142     }
7143    
7144     @BOOK{Levitus1982,
7145     AUTHOR = {Levitus, S. E.},
7146     TITLE = {{Climatological atlas of the world ocean}},
7147     PAGES = {173},
7148     FICHE = {17},
7149     YEAR = {1982},
7150     PUBLISHER = {{NOAA Professional Paper 13, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC}}
7151     }
7152    
7153     @ARTICLE{Levitus1989,
7154     AUTHOR = {Levitus, S.},
7155     TITLE = {{Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity at intermediate depths of the North Atlantic ocean, 1970-1974 versus 1955-1959}},
7156     JOURNAL = jgr,
7157     VOLUME = {94},
7158     PAGES = {6091-6131},
7159     YEAR = {1989}
7160     }
7161    
7162     @ARTICLE{Li:Leighton1993,
7163     AUTHOR = {Z. Li and H. G. Leighton},
7164     TITLE = {{Global climatologies of the solar radiation budgets
7165     at the surface and in the atmosphere from 5 years of
7166     ERBE data}},
7167     JOURNAL = jgr,
7168     YEAR = {1993},
7169     VOLUME = {98},
7170     OPTNUMBER = {},
7171     PAGES = {4919-4930},
7172     OPTMONTH = {},
7173     OPTNOTE = {}
7174     }
7175    
7176     @ARTICLE{Li:etal1993b,
7177     AUTHOR = {Z. Li and H. G. Leighton and K. Masuda and T. Takashima},
7178     TITLE = {{Estimation of SW flux absorbed at the surface from
7179     TOA reflected flux}},
7180     JOURNAL = jc,
7181     YEAR = {1993b},
7182     VOLUME = {6},
7183     OPTNUMBER = {},
7184     PAGES = {317-330},
7185     OPTMONTH = {},
7186     OPTNOTE = {}
7187     }
7188    
7189     @ARTICLE{Li:etal1993a,
7190     AUTHOR = {Z. Li and H. G. Leighton and R. D. Cess},
7191     TITLE = {{Surface net solar radiation estimated from satellite
7192     measurements: Comparison with tower observations}},
7193     JOURNAL = jc,
7194     YEAR = {1993a},
7195     VOLUME = {6},
7196     OPTNUMBER = {},
7197     PAGES = {1764-1772},
7198     OPTMONTH = {},
7199     OPTNOTE = {}
7200     }
7201    
7202     @ARTICLE{Li1995,
7203     AUTHOR = {Z. Li},
7204     TITLE = {{Quality analysis of the global solar SRB data:
7205     Intercomparisons between two satellite-based products}},
7206     JOURNAL = jgr,
7207     YEAR = {1995},
7208     VOLUME = {100},
7209     OPTNUMBER = {},
7210     PAGES = {3221-3232},
7211     OPTMONTH = {},
7212     OPTNOTE = {}
7213     }
7214    
7215     @ARTICLE{Lighthill1969,
7216     AUTHOR = {Lighthill, M. J.},
7217     TITLE = {{Dynamic response of the Indian Ocean to the onset of
7218     the southwest monsoon}},
7219     JOURNAL = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A. 265},
7220     YEAR = {1969},
7221     OPTVOLUME = {},
7222     OPTNUMBER = {},
7223     PAGES = {45-92},
7224     OPTMONTH = {},
7225     OPTNOTE = {}
7226     }
7227    
7228     @ARTICLE{Lilly1968,
7229     AUTHOR = {Lilly, D. K.},
7230     TITLE = {{Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion}},
7231     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
7232     VOLUME = {94},
7233     PAGES = {292-309},
7234     YEAR = {1968}
7235     }
7236    
7237     @ARTICLE{Lilly:Schubert1980,
7238     AUTHOR = {Lilly, D. K. and W. S. Schubert},
7239     TITLE = {{The effects of radiative cooling in a cloud-topped mixed layer}},
7240     JOURNAL = jas,
7241     VOLUME = {37},
7242     PAGES = {482-487},
7243     YEAR = {1980}
7244     }
7245    
7246     @ARTICLE{Lin:Johnson1996,
7247     AUTHOR = {Lin, X. and R. H. Johnson},
7248     TITLE = {{Heating, moistening and rainfall over the western Pacific
7249     warm pool during TOGA COARE}},
7250     JOURNAL = jas,
7251     VOLUME = {},
7252     PAGES = {},
7253     YEAR = {1996},
7254     NOTE = {Submitted}
7255     }
7256    
7257     @INBOOK{Lindzen1970,
7258     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S.},
7259     TITLE = {{Mathematical Problems in the Geophysical Sciences}},
7260     CHAPTER = {Atmospheric Tides},
7261     PUBLISHER = {American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I.},
7262     YEAR = {1970},
7263     OPTEDITOR = {},
7264     OPTPAGES = {},
7265     OPTVOLUME = {},
7266     OPTSERIES = {},
7267     OPTADDRESS = {},
7268     OPTEDITION = {},
7269     OPTMONTH = {},
7270     OPTNOTE = {}
7271     }
7272    
7273     @ARTICLE{Lindzen:Nigam1987,
7274     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S. and S. Nigam},
7275     TITLE = {{On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing
7276     low-level winds and convergence in the tropics}},
7277     JOURNAL = jas,
7278     VOLUME = {45},
7279     PAGES = {2440-2458},
7280     YEAR = {1987}
7281     }
7282    
7283     @ARTICLE{Lindzen1990,
7284     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S.},
7285     TITLE = {{Some coolness concerning global warming}},
7286     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
7287     VOLUME = {71},
7288     PAGES = {288-299},
7289     YEAR = {1990}
7290     }
7291    
7292     @ARTICLE{Lindzen1993,
7293     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S.},
7294     TITLE = {{Climate dynamics and global change}},
7295     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
7296     VOLUME = {26},
7297     PAGES = {353-278},
7298     YEAR = {1993}
7299     }
7300    
7301     @ARTICLE{Lindzen:Hou1988,
7302     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S. and A. Y. Hou},
7303     TITLE = {{Hadley circulation for zonally averaged heating centered
7304     off the Equator}},
7305     JOURNAL = jas,
7306     VOLUME = {45},
7307     PAGES = {2417-2427},
7308     YEAR = {1988}
7309     }
7310    
7311     @ARTICLE{Lindzen:Pan1994,
7312     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S. and W. Pan},
7313     TITLE = {{A note on orbital control of equator-pole heat fluxes}},
7314     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
7315     VOLUME = {10},
7316     PAGES = {49-57},
7317     YEAR = {1994}
7318     }
7319    
7320     @ARTICLE{Liu1986,
7321     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu},
7322     TITLE = {Statistical relation between monthly mean
7323     precipitable water and surface-level humidity over
7324     global oceans},
7325     JOURNAL = mwr,
7326     YEAR = 1986,
7327     VOLUME = 114,
7328     PAGES = {1591-1602}
7329     }
7330    
7331     @ARTICLE{Liu1988,
7332     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu},
7333     TITLE = {Moisture and latent heat flux variabilities in the
7334     tropical {Pacific} derived from satellite data},
7335     JOURNAL = jgr,
7336     YEAR = 1988,
7337     VOLUME = 93,
7338     PAGES = {6749-6760+ plates on 6965-6968}
7339     }
7340    
7341     @ARTICLE{Liu:Niiler1984,
7342     AUTHOR = {W.T. Liu and Peter P. Niiler},
7343     TITLE = {Determination of monthly mean humidity in the
7344     atmospheric surface layer over oceans from satellite
7345     data},
7346     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7347     YEAR = 1984,
7348     VOLUME = 14,
7349     PAGES = {1451-1457}
7350     }
7351    
7352     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1979,
7353     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu and K. B. Katsaros and J. A. Businger},
7354     TITLE = {{Bulk parameterization of air-sea exchange of heat
7355     and water vapor including molecular constraints at
7356     the interface}},
7357     JOURNAL = jas,
7358     YEAR = {1979},
7359     VOLUME = {36},
7360     PAGES = {1722-1735}
7361     }
7362    
7363     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1991,
7364     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu and W. Tang and P.P. Niiler},
7365     TITLE = {Humidity profiles over the ocean},
7366     JOURNAL = jc,
7367     YEAR = 1991,
7368     VOLUME = 4,
7369     PAGES = {1023-1034}
7370     }
7371    
7372     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1994,
7373     AUTHOR = {Z. Liu and S. G. H. Philander and R. C. Pacanowski},
7374     TITLE = {{A GCM study of tropical-subtropical upper-ocean water exchange}},
7375     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7376     YEAR = 1994,
7377     VOLUME = 24,
7378     PAGES = {2606-2623}
7379     }
7380    
7381     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1999,
7382     AUTHOR = {Z. Liu and R. Jacob and J. Kutzbach and S. Harrison and J.
7383     Anderson},
7384     TITLE = {{Monsoon impact on El Ni\~no in the Early Holocene}},
7385     JOURNAL = {PAGES Newsletter},
7386     YEAR = 1999,
7387     VOLUME = 7,
7388     PAGES = {16-17}
7389     }
7390    
7391     @ARTICLE{Longuet-Higgins1968,
7392     AUTHOR = {M. S. Longuet-Higgins},
7393     TITLE = {The eigenfunctions of Laplace's tidal equations on a sphere},
7394     JOURNAL = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London},
7395     YEAR = {1968},
7396     VOLUME = {A262},
7397     PAGES = {511-607}
7398     }
7399    
7400     @ARTICLE{Lorenz1971,
7401     AUTHOR = {E. Lorenz},
7402     TITLE = {A N-cycle time-differencing scheme for stepwise
7403     numerical integration},
7404     JOURNAL = mwr,
7405     YEAR = 1971,
7406     VOLUME = 99,
7407     PAGES = {644-648}
7408     }
7409    
7410     @BOOK{lo67,
7411     AUTHOR = {Lorenz, Edward N.},
7412     TITLE = {{Nature and Theory of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere}},
7413     YEAR = {1967},
7414     PUBLISHER = {{World Meteorological Organization, Geneva}},
7415     PAGES = {161}
7416     }
7417    
7418     @ARTICLE{Lough1986,
7419     AUTHOR = {Lough, J. M.},
7420     TITLE = {{Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature and rainfall variations in Subsaharan Africa}},
7421     JOURNAL = mwr,
7422     VOLUME = {114},
7423     PAGES = {561-570},
7424     YEAR = {1986}
7425     }
7426    
7427     @ARTICLE{Louis1979,
7428     AUTHOR = {Louis, J.-F.},
7429     TITLE = {{Parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere}},
7430     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer. Meteor.},
7431     VOLUME = {17},
7432     PAGES = {187-202},
7433     YEAR = {1979}
7434     }
7435    
7436     @ARTICLE{Lowell:etal1995,
7437     AUTHOR = {Lowell, T. V. and C. J. Heusser and B. G. Anderson and
7438     P. I. Marino and A. Hauser and L. E. Heusser and
7439     C. Schluchter D. R. Marchant and G. H. Denton },
7440     TITLE = {{Interhemispheric correlation of late Pleistocene glacial events}},
7441     JOURNAL = {Science},
7442     VOLUME = {269},
7443     PAGES = {1541-1549},
7444     YEAR = {1995}
7445     }
7446    
7447     @ARTICLE{Lu:McCreary1995,
7448     AUTHOR = {P. Lu and J. P. McCreary},
7449     TITLE = {{Influence of the ITCZ on the flow of thermocline water from
7450     the subtropical to the equatorial ocean}},
7451     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7452     VOLUME = {25},
7453     PAGES = {3076-3088},
7454     YEAR = {1995}
7455     }
7456    
7457     @ARTICLE{Lukas1988,
7458     AUTHOR = {Lukas, R.},
7459     TITLE = {{Interannual fluctuations of the Mindanao current inferred from sea level}},
7460     JOURNAL = jgr,
7461     VOLUME = {93},
7462     PAGES = {6744-6748},
7463     YEAR = {1988}
7464     }
7465    
7466     @ARTICLE{Luksch:VonStorch1992,
7467     AUTHOR = {Ute Luksch and Hans von Storch},
7468     TITLE = {{Modeling the low-frequency sea surface temperature
7469     variability in the North Pacific}},
7470     JOURNAL = jc,
7471     YEAR = {1992},
7472     VOLUME = {5},
7473     PAGES = {893-906}
7474     }
7475    
7476     @ARTICLE{Luksch1996,
7477     AUTHOR = {Ute Luksch},
7478     TITLE = {{Simulation of North Atlantic low-frequency SST variability}},
7479     JOURNAL = jc,
7480     YEAR = {1996},
7481     VOLUME = {9},
7482     PAGES = {2083-2092}
7483     }
7484    
7485     @ARTICLE{Lynch1990a,
7486     AUTHOR = {Thomas F. Lynch},
7487     TITLE = {Glacial-Age Man in {South America}? A Critical Review},
7488     JOURNAL = {American Antiquity},
7489     YEAR = 1990,
7490     VOLUME = 55,
7491     NUMBER = 1,
7492     PAGES = {12-36}
7493     }
7494    
7495     @ARTICLE{Lynch1990b,
7496     AUTHOR = {Thomas F. Lynch},
7497     TITLE = {Quaternary Climate, Environment, and the Human
7498     Occupation of the {South-Central Andes}},
7499     JOURNAL = {Geoarchaeology},
7500     YEAR = 1990,
7501     VOLUME = 5,
7502     NUMBER = 3,
7503     PAGES = {199-228}
7504     }
7505    
7506     @ARTICLE{Ma:etal1996,
7507     AUTHOR = {Ma, C.-C. and C. R. Mechoso and A. W. Robertson and A. Arakawa},
7508     TITLE = {{Peruvian stratus clouds and the tropical Pacific
7509     circulation: A coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM study}},
7510     JOURNAL = jc,
7511     VOLUME = {9},
7512     PAGES = {1635-1645},
7513     YEAR = {1996}
7514     }
7515    
7516     @ARTICLE{Mahrt1972,
7517     AUTHOR = {Mahrt, L. J.},
7518     TITLE = {{A numerical study of the influence of advective
7519     accelerations in an idealized, low-latitude,
7520     planetary boundary layer}},
7521     JOURNAL = jas,
7522     VOLUME = {29},
7523     PAGES = {1477-1484},
7524     YEAR = {1972}
7525     }
7526    
7527     @INCOLLECTION{Malkus1962,
7528     AUTHOR = {J. S. Malkus},
7529     TITLE = {{Chap. 4}},
7530     EDITOR = {M.N. Hill},
7531     BOOKTITLE = {{The Sea: Ideas and Observations on Progress in the study of the Seas, 1: Physical Oceanography}},
7532     PAGES = {88-294},
7533     YEAR = {1962},
7534     PUBLISHER = {Wiley, Interscience, New York}
7535     }
7536    
7537     @ARTICLE{Manabe1969,
7538     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S.},
7539     TITLE = {{The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the
7540     earth's surface}},
7541     JOURNAL = mwr,
7542     VOLUME = {97},
7543     PAGES = {739-774},
7544     YEAR = {1969}
7545     }
7546    
7547     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Stouffer1988,
7548     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer},
7549     TITLE = {{Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
7550     JOURNAL = jc,
7551     VOLUME = {1},
7552     PAGES = {841-866},
7553     YEAR = {1988}
7554     }
7555    
7556     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Stouffer1993,
7557     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer},
7558     TITLE = {{Century-scale effects of increased atmospheric $CO_2$ on the
7559     ocean atmosphere system}},
7560     JOURNAL = {Nature},
7561     VOLUME = {364},
7562     PAGES = {215-218},
7563     YEAR = {1993}
7564     }
7565    
7566     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Stouffer1994,
7567     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer},
7568     TITLE = {{Multiple-century response of a coupled
7569     ocean-atmosphere model to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide}},
7570     JOURNAL = jc,
7571     VOLUME = {7},
7572     PAGES = {5-23},
7573     YEAR = {1994}
7574     }
7575    
7576     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Wetherald,
7577     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.T. Wetherald},
7578     TITLE = {{Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model}},
7579     JOURNAL = jas,
7580     YEAR = {}
7581     }
7582    
7583     @ARTICLE{Mantua:etal1997,
7584     AUTHOR = {N. J. Mantua and S. R. Hare and Y. Zhang and
7585     J. M. Wallace and R. C. Francis},
7586     TITLE = {{A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with
7587     impacts on salmon production}},
7588     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
7589     YEAR = {1997},
7590     VOLUME = {78},
7591     OPTNUMBER = {},
7592     PAGES = {1069-1079},
7593     OPTMONTH = {},
7594     OPTNOTE = {}
7595     }
7596    
7597     @ARTICLE{Markham:McLain1977,
7598     AUTHOR = {C.G. Markham and D.R. McLain},
7599     TITLE = {{Sea surface temperature related to rain in Ceara,
7600     North-eastern Brazil.}},
7601     JOURNAL = {Nature},
7602     YEAR = {1977},
7603     VOLUME = {265},
7604     OPTNUMBER = {},
7605     PAGES = {320-323},
7606     OPTMONTH = {},
7607     OPTNOTE = {}
7608     }
7609    
7610     @ARTICLE{Marotzke:Willebrand1991,
7611     AUTHOR = {Marotzke, J. and J. Willebrand},
7612     TITLE = {Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation},
7613     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7614     YEAR = {1991},
7615     VOLUME = {21},
7616     NUMBER = {},
7617     PAGES = {1372-1385},
7618     OPTMONTH = {},
7619     OPTNOTE = {}
7620     }
7621    
7622     @ARTICLE{Marshall1995,
7623     AUTHOR = {Marshall, D.},
7624     TITLE = {{Topographic steering of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current}},
7625     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7626     YEAR = {1995},
7627     VOLUME = {25},
7628     NUMBER = {},
7629     PAGES = {1636-1650},
7630     OPTMONTH = {},
7631     OPTNOTE = {}
7632     }
7633    
7634     @ARTICLE{Martin1985,
7635     AUTHOR = {Martin, P.J.},
7636     TITLE = {Simulation of the mixed layer at {OWS November and
7637     Papa} with several models.},
7638     JOURNAL = jgr,
7639     YEAR = {1985},
7640     VOLUME = {90},
7641     NUMBER = {C1},
7642     PAGES = {903-916},
7643     OPTMONTH = {},
7644     OPTNOTE = {}
7645     }
7646    
7647     @ARTICLE{Martin1986,
7648     AUTHOR = {Martin, P.J.},
7649     TITLE = {Testing and comparison of several mixed-layer models.},
7650     JOURNAL = {{Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity Tech Rep}},
7651     YEAR = {1986},
7652     OPTVOLUME = {},
7653     OPTNUMBER = {},
7654     PAGES = {143},
7655     OPTMONTH = {},
7656     OPTNOTE = {}
7657     }
7658    
7659     @BOOK{Martin:Thompson1983,
7660     AUTHOR = {Martin, C.W. and C.W. Thompson},
7661     TITLE = {{Adaptive grids generated by elliptic systems}},
7662     YEAR = {1983},
7663     PUBLISHER = {{AIAA Paper No. 83-0451}}
7664     }
7665    
7666     @ARTICLE{McCalpin1987,
7667     AUTHOR = {McCalpin, J.D.},
7668     TITLE = {{A note on the reflection of low frequency equatorial Rossby waves from realistic western boundaries}},
7669     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7670     VOLUME = {17},
7671     PAGES = {1944-1949},
7672     YEAR = {1987}
7673     }
7674    
7675     @ARTICLE{McCartney:etal1997,
7676     AUTHOR = {McCartney, M. S. and R. G. Curry and H. F. Bezdek},
7677     TITLE = {{North Atlantic's transformation pipeline chills and
7678     redistributes subtropical water}},
7679     JOURNAL = {Oceanus},
7680     VOLUME = {39},
7681     PAGES = {19-23},
7682     YEAR = {1997}
7683     }
7684    
7685     @ARTICLE{McCreary1981,
7686     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J.P.},
7687     TITLE = {{A linear stratified ocean model of the equatorial undercurrent}},
7688     JOURNAL = {Philosophical Transac. of the Royal Society, London},
7689     VOLUME = {A298},
7690     PAGES = {603-635},
7691     YEAR = {1981}
7692     }
7693    
7694     @ARTICLE{McCreary1983,
7695     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J. P.},
7696     TITLE = {{A model of tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction}},
7697     JOURNAL = mwr,
7698     VOLUME = {111},
7699     PAGES = {370-387},
7700     YEAR = {1983}
7701     }
7702    
7703     @ARTICLE{McCreary1985,
7704     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J. P.},
7705     TITLE = {Modeling equatorial ocean circulation.},
7706     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
7707     YEAR = {1985},
7708     VOLUME = {17},
7709     OPTNUMBER = {},
7710     PAGES = {359-409},
7711     OPTMONTH = {},
7712     OPTNOTE = {}
7713     }
7714    
7715     @ARTICLE{McCreary:Anderson1991,
7716     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J. P. and D. L. T. Anderson},
7717     TITLE = {An overview of coupled ocean-atmosphere models of {El
7718     Ni\~no} and the {Southern Oscillation}.},
7719     JOURNAL = {J. Geophy. Res.},
7720     YEAR = {1991},
7721     VOLUME = {96},
7722     OPTNUMBER = {},
7723     PAGES = {3125-3150},
7724     OPTMONTH = {},
7725     OPTNOTE = {}
7726     }
7727    
7728     @ARTICLE{McCreary:etal1984,
7729     AUTHOR = {J.P. McCreary and J. Picaut and D.W. Moore},
7730     TITLE = {{Effects of remote annual forcing in the eastern
7731     tropical Atlantic Ocean.}},
7732     JOURNAL = jmr,
7733     YEAR = {1984},
7734     VOLUME = {42},
7735     OPTNUMBER = {},
7736     PAGES = {45-81},
7737     OPTMONTH = {},
7738     OPTNOTE = {}
7739     }
7740    
7741     @ARTICLE{McDougall1987N,
7742     AUTHOR = {Trevor J. McDougall},
7743     TITLE = {Neutral Surfaces},
7744     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7745     YEAR = {1987},
7746     VOLUME = {17},
7747     OPTNUMBER = {},
7748     PAGES = {1950-1964},
7749     KEYWORDS = {neutral surfaces},
7750     OPTMONTH = {},
7751     OPTNOTE = {}
7752     }
7753    
7754     @ARTICLE{McDougall1987V,
7755     AUTHOR = {Trevor J. McDougall},
7756     TITLE = {The Vertical Motion of Submesoscale Coherent Vortices
7757     across Neutral Surfaces},
7758     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7759     YEAR = {1987},
7760     VOLUME = {17},
7761     OPTNUMBER = {},
7762     PAGES = {2334-2342},
7763     KEYWORDS = {neutral surfaces, eddies},
7764     OPTMONTH = {},
7765     OPTNOTE = {}
7766     }
7767    
7768     @ARTICLE{McFarlane:etal1992,
7769     AUTHOR = {McFarlane, N. A. and G. J. Boer and J.-P. Blanchet and M. Lazare},
7770     TITLE = {{The Canadian Climate Centre second-generation general
7771     circulation model and its equilibrium climate}},
7772     JOURNAL = jc,
7773     VOLUME = {5},
7774     PAGES = {1013-1044},
7775     YEAR = {1992}
7776     }
7777    
7778     @ARTICLE{McPhaden1980,
7779     AUTHOR = {McPhaden, M.J.},
7780     TITLE = {{Continuously stratified models of the steady--state equatorial ocean}},
7781     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7782     VOLUME = {11},
7783     PAGES = {337-354},
7784     YEAR = {1981}
7785     }
7786    
7787     @ARTICLE{Machado:Rossow1993,
7788     AUTHOR = {Machado, L. A. T. and W. B. Rossow},
7789     TITLE = {{Structural characteristics and radiative properties of
7790     tropical cloud clusters}},
7791     JOURNAL = mwr,
7792     VOLUME = {121},
7793     PAGES = {3234-3260},
7794     YEAR = {1993}
7795     }
7796    
7797     @INPROCEEDINGS{Mechoso:etal1990,
7798     AUTHOR = {Mechoso, C. R. and M. Fisher and M. Ghil and M.
7799     Halpern and M. Spahr},
7800     TITLE = {{Coupling experiments of an atmospheric and an oceanic CGM}},
7801     BOOKTITLE = {{International TOGA Scientific Conference
7802     Proceedings,
7803     Technical Document No.
7804     379, WCRP-43.}},
7805     PUBLISHER = {World Climate Research Programme, Geneva},
7806     ORGANIZATION = {World
7807     Meteorological Organization},
7808     YEAR = {1990},
7809     OPTEDITOR = {},
7810     OPTCHAPTER = {},
7811     OPTPAGES = {},
7812     OPTADDRESS = {},
7813     OPTMONTH = {},
7814     OPTNOTE = {}
7815     }
7816    
7817     @ARTICLE{Mechoso:etal1995,
7818     AUTHOR = {{Mechoso, C. R. and A. W. Robertson and 18 others}},
7819     TITLE = {{The seasonal cycle over the tropical Pacific in
7820     coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models}},
7821     JOURNAL = mwr,
7822     YEAR = {1995},
7823     VOLUME = {123},
7824     OPTNUMBER = {},
7825     PAGES = {2825-2838},
7826     OPTMONTH = {},
7827     OPTNOTE = {}
7828     }
7829    
7830     @ARTICLE{Meehl1989,
7831     AUTHOR = {G.A. Meehl},
7832     TITLE = {The coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling problem in the
7833     tropical {Pacific} and {Asian} monsoon region.},
7834     JOURNAL = jc,
7835     YEAR = {1989},
7836     VOLUME = {2},
7837     OPTNUMBER = {},
7838     PAGES = {1146-1163},
7839     OPTMONTH = {},
7840     OPTNOTE = {}
7841     }
7842    
7843     @ARTICLE{Meehl1990a,
7844     AUTHOR = {Meehl, G.A.},
7845     TITLE = {{Seasonal cycle forcing of {El Ni\~no}-{Southern
7846     Oscillation} in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM.}},
7847     JOURNAL = jc,
7848     YEAR = {1990},
7849     VOLUME = {3},
7850     OPTNUMBER = {},
7851     PAGES = {72-98},
7852     OPTMONTH = {},
7853     OPTNOTE = {}
7854     }
7855    
7856     @ARTICLE{Meehl1990b,
7857     AUTHOR = {Meehl, G.A.},
7858     TITLE = {Development of global coupled ocean-atmosphere
7859     general circulation models.},
7860     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
7861     YEAR = {1990},
7862     VOLUME = {5},
7863     OPTNUMBER = {},
7864     PAGES = {19-33},
7865     OPTMONTH = {},
7866     OPTNOTE = {}
7867     }
7868    
7869     @ARTICLE{Meehl:vanLoon1979,
7870     AUTHOR = {Meehl, G.A. and H. van Loon},
7871     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and
7872     northern Europe. Part III:Teleconnections with lower
7873     latitudes.}},
7874     JOURNAL = {Mon. Wea. Rev. },
7875     VOLUME = {107},
7876     PAGES = {1095-1106},
7877     YEAR = {1979}
7878     }
7879    
7880     @ARTICLE{Meehl:Washington1986,
7881     AUTHOR = {G.A. Meehl and W. M. Washington},
7882     TITLE = {{Tropical response to increased $CO_2$ in a GCM with a
7883     simple mixed layer ocean: Similarities to an
7884     observed Pacific warm event.}},
7885     JOURNAL = mwr,
7886     YEAR = {1986},
7887     VOLUME = {114},
7888     OPTNUMBER = {},
7889     PAGES = {667-674},
7890     OPTMONTH = {},
7891     OPTNOTE = {}
7892     }
7893    
7894     @ARTICLE{Mehta:Delworth1995,
7895     AUTHOR = {V. M. Mehta and T. Delworth},
7896     TITLE = {{Decadal variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean
7897     surface temperature in shipboard measurements and in
7898     a global ocean-atmosphere model}},
7899     JOURNAL = jc,
7900     YEAR = {1995},
7901     VOLUME = {8},
7902     OPTNUMBER = {},
7903     PAGES = {172-190},
7904     OPTMONTH = {},
7905     OPTNOTE = {}
7906     }
7907    
7908     @ARTICLE{Mehta1998,
7909     AUTHOR = {V. M. Mehta},
7910     TITLE = {{Variability of the tropical ocean surface
7911     temperatures at decadal-multidecadal timescales,
7912     Part I: Atlantic Ocean.}},
7913     JOURNAL = jc,
7914     YEAR = {1998},
7915     VOLUME = {11},
7916     OPTNUMBER = {},
7917     PAGES = {2351-2375},
7918     OPTMONTH = {},
7919     OPTNOTE = {}
7920     }
7921    
7922     @ARTICLE{Mellor:Yamada1982,
7923     AUTHOR = {Mellor, G.L. and T. Yamada},
7924     TITLE = {Development of turbulence closure model for
7925     geophysical fluid problems.},
7926     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
7927     YEAR = {1982},
7928     VOLUME = {20},
7929     NUMBER = {4},
7930     PAGES = {851-875},
7931     OPTMONTH = {},
7932     OPTNOTE = {}
7933     }
7934    
7935     @BOOK{Menke1984,
7936     AUTHOR = {Menke, W.},
7937     TITLE = {{Geophysical data analysis: Discrete inverse theory}},
7938     YEAR = {1984},
7939     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press}}
7940     }
7941    
7942     @ARTICLE{Mikolajewicz:etal1997,
7943     AUTHOR = {Mikolajewicz, U. and T. J. Crowley and A. Schiller and R. Voss},
7944     TITLE = {{Modelling teleconnections between the North Atlantic and
7945     North Pacific during the Younger Dryas}},
7946     JOURNAL = {Nature},
7947     VOLUME = {387},
7948     PAGES = {384-387},
7949     YEAR = {1997}
7950     }
7951    
7952     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:etal1998,
7953     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and D. R. Cayan and W. B. White},
7954     TITLE = {{A westward-intensified decadal change in the North Pacific
7955     thermocline and gyre-scale circulation}},
7956     JOURNAL = jc,
7957     VOLUME = {11},
7958     PAGES = {3112-3127},
7959     YEAR = {1998}
7960     }
7961    
7962     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:etal1992,
7963     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and J. F. Oberhuber and N. E. Graham and T.
7964     P. Barnett},
7965     TITLE = {{Tropical Pacific ocean response to observed winds in a
7966     layered general circulation model}},
7967     JOURNAL = jgr,
7968     VOLUME = {97},
7969     PAGES = {7317-7340},
7970     YEAR = {1992}
7971     }
7972    
7973     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:etal1994,
7974     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and D. R. Cayan and T. P. Barnett and N. E. Graham and J. M. Oberhuber},
7975     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: Model
7976     response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies}},
7977     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
7978     VOLUME = {9},
7979     PAGES = {287-302},
7980     YEAR = {1994}
7981     }
7982    
7983     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:Schneider2001,
7984     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and N. Schneider},
7985     TITLE = {{Interdecadal climate regime dynamics in the North Pacific
7986     Ocean: Theories, observations and ecosystem impacts}},
7987     JOURNAL = {Prog. Oceanogr.},
7988     VOLUME = {},
7989     PAGES = {},
7990     NOTE = {submitted},
7991     YEAR = {2001}
7992     }
7993    
7994     @ARTICLE{MJMiller:etal1992,
7995     AUTHOR = {Miller, M. J. and A. C. M. Beljaars and T. N. Palmer},
7996     TITLE = {{The sensitivity of the ECMWF model to the parameterization
7997     of evaporation from the tropical oceans}},
7998     JOURNAL = jc,
7999     VOLUME = {5},
8000     PAGES = {418-434},
8001     YEAR = {1992}
8002     }
8003    
8004     @ARTICLE{Miller1997,
8005     AUTHOR = {{Miller, R. L.}},
8006     TITLE = {{Tropical thermostats and low cloud cover}},
8007     JOURNAL = jc,
8008     VOLUME = {10},
8009     PAGES = {409-440},
8010     NOTE = {},
8011     YEAR = {1997}
8012     }
8013    
8014     @ARTICLE{Miller1990,
8015     AUTHOR = {{Miller, R.N.}},
8016     TITLE = {{Tropical Data Assimilation Experiments With Simulated Data:
8017     The Impact of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere
8018     Thermal Array for the Ocean}},
8019     JOURNAL = jgr,
8020     VOLUME = {95},
8021     PAGES = {11,461-11,482},
8022     YEAR = {1990}
8023     }
8024    
8025     @ARTICLE{Miller:Cane1989,
8026     AUTHOR = {Miller, R.N. and Mark A. Cane},
8027     TITLE = {{A Kalman filter analysis of sea level heights in the Tropical Pacific}},
8028     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8029     VOLUME = {19},
8030     PAGES = {773-790},
8031     YEAR = {1989}
8032     }
8033    
8034     @ARTICLE{Mitchell:etal1995,
8035     AUTHOR = {J. F. B. Mitchell and R. A. Davis and W. J. Ingram and
8036     C. A. Senior},
8037     TITLE = {{On surface temperature, greenhouse gases, and aerosols:
8038     Models and observations}},
8039     JOURNAL = jc,
8040     VOLUME = {8},
8041     PAGES = {2364-2386},
8042     YEAR = {1995}
8043     }
8044    
8045     @ARTICLE{Molinari:etal1996,
8046     AUTHOR = {R. L. Molinari and D. Mayer and J. Festa and H. Bezdek},
8047     TITLE = {{Multi-year variability in the near surface temperature
8048     structure of the midlatitude western North Atlantic Ocean}},
8049     JOURNAL = jgr,
8050     VOLUME = {102},
8051     PAGES = {3267-3278},
8052     YEAR = {1996}
8053     }
8054    
8055     @ARTICLE{Mooley:Paolino1988,
8056     AUTHOR = {Mooley, D. A. and D. A. Paolino},
8057     TITLE = {{A predictive signal in the surface level thermal
8058     field over India}},
8059     JOURNAL = mwr,
8060     YEAR = {1988},
8061     VOLUME = {116},
8062     OPTNUMBER = {},
8063     PAGES = {256-264},
8064     OPTMONTH = {},
8065     OPTNOTE = {}
8066     }
8067    
8068     @BOOK{Moore1968,
8069     AUTHOR = {Moore, D.W.},
8070     TITLE = {{Planetary-gravity waves in an equatorial ocean}},
8071     YEAR = {1968},
8072     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University}}
8073     }
8074    
8075     @INBOOK{Moore:Philander1976,
8076     AUTHOR = {Moore, D.W. and S.G.H. Philander},
8077     TITLE = {The Sea},
8078     CHAPTER = {Modeling of the tropical oceanic circulation},
8079     PUBLISHER = {Interscience, New York},
8080     YEAR = {1976},
8081     OPTEDITOR = {},
8082     OPTPAGES = {},
8083     VOLUME = {6},
8084     OPTSERIES = {},
8085     OPTADDRESS = {},
8086     OPTEDITION = {},
8087     OPTMONTH = {},
8088     OPTNOTE = {}
8089     }
8090    
8091     @ARTICLE{Moorthi:etal1995,
8092     AUTHOR = {Moorthi, S. and R. W. Higgins and J. R. Bates},
8093     TITLE = {{A global multilevel atmospheric model using a vector
8094     semi-Lagrangian finite-difference scheme. Part II:
8095     Version with physics}},
8096     JOURNAL = mwr,
8097     VOLUME = {123},
8098     PAGES = {1523-1541},
8099     YEAR = {1995}
8100     }
8101    
8102     @ARTICLE{Morcrette1990,
8103     AUTHOR = {Morcrette, J.-J.},
8104     TITLE = {{Impact of changes to the radiation transfer
8105     parameterizations plus cloud optical properties in
8106     the ECMWF model}},
8107     JOURNAL = mwr,
8108     VOLUME = {118},
8109     PAGES = {847-873},
8110     YEAR = {1990}
8111     }
8112    
8113     @ARTICLE{Moses:etal1987,
8114     AUTHOR = {Moses, T. and G.N. Kiladis And H.F. Diaz and R.G. Barry},
8115     TITLE = {{Characteristics and frequency of reversals in mean sea level pressure in the North Atlantic sector and their relationship to long-term temperature trends}},
8116     JOURNAL = {J. Climatology},
8117     VOLUME = {7},
8118     PAGES = {13-30},
8119     YEAR = {1987}
8120     }
8121    
8122     @ARTICLE{Moura1976,
8123     AUTHOR = {Moura, A.},
8124     TITLE = {{The eigensolution of linearized balance equations on
8125     a sphere}},
8126     JOURNAL = jas,
8127     YEAR = {1976},
8128     VOLUME = {33},
8129     OPTNUMBER = {},
8130     PAGES = {877-907},
8131     OPTMONTH = {},
8132     OPTNOTE = {}
8133     }
8134    
8135     @ARTICLE{Moura:Shukla1981,
8136     AUTHOR = {Moura, A. D. and J. Shukla},
8137     TITLE = {{On the dynamics of droughts in northeast Brazil: observations, theory, and numerical experiments with a general circulation model}},
8138     JOURNAL = jas,
8139     VOLUME = {38},
8140     PAGES = {2653-2675},
8141     YEAR = {1981}
8142     }
8143    
8144     @TECHREPORT{Moura:etal1992,
8145     AUTHOR = {{Moura, A. D. and 13 other authors}},
8146     TITLE = {{International Research Institute for Climate
8147     Prediction: A Proposal}},
8148     INSTITUTION = {{NOAA Office of Global Programs, Silver Spring, MD, 51pp}},
8149     YEAR = {1992},
8150     NUMBER = {},
8151     PAGES = {51},
8152     OPTMONTH = {},
8153     OPTNOTE = {}
8154     }
8155    
8156     @ARTICLE{Muller:Frankignoul1981,
8157     AUTHOR = {M{\"u}ller, P. and C. Frankignoul},
8158     TITLE = {{Direct atmospheric forcing of geostrophic eddies}},
8159     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8160     VOLUME = {11},
8161     PAGES = {287-308},
8162     YEAR = {1981}
8163     }
8164    
8165     @ARTICLE{Munk:Anderson1948,
8166     AUTHOR = {Munk, W.H. and J. A. Anderson},
8167     TITLE = {Notes on a theory of the thermocline},
8168     JOURNAL = jmr,
8169     YEAR = {1948},
8170     VOLUME = {7},
8171     OPTNUMBER = {},
8172     PAGES = {276-295},
8173     OPTMONTH = {},
8174     OPTNOTE = {}
8175     }
8176    
8177     @ARTICLE{Munnich:etal1991,
8178     AUTHOR = {M{\"u}nnich, M. and M. A. Cane and S. E. Zebiak},
8179     TITLE = {{A study of self-excited oscillations of the
8180     tropical ocean atmosphere system. Part II: Nonlinear cases}.},
8181     JOURNAL = jas,
8182     YEAR = {1991},
8183     VOLUME = {48},
8184     PAGES = {1238-1248},
8185     OPTNUMBER = {},
8186     OPTPAGES = {},
8187     OPTMONTH = {},
8188     OPTNOTE = {}
8189     }
8190    
8191     @ARTICLE{Murray:Arief1988,
8192     AUTHOR = {Murray, S.P. and D. Arief},
8193     TITLE = {{Throughflow into the Indian Ocean through the Lombok strait, January 1985 - January 1986}},
8194     JOURNAL = {Nature},
8195     VOLUME = {333},
8196     PAGES = {444-447},
8197     YEAR = {1988}
8198     }
8199    
8200     @ARTICLE{Murtugudde:etal1995a,
8201     AUTHOR = {Murtugudde, R. and M. A. Cane and V. Prasad},
8202     TITLE = {{A reduced gravity, primitive equation, isopycnal ocean
8203     GCM. Part I: Formulation}.},
8204     JOURNAL = mwr,
8205     YEAR = {1995},
8206     VOLUME = {123},
8207     PAGES = {2864-2887},
8208     OPTNUMBER = {},
8209     OPTPAGES = {},
8210     OPTMONTH = {},
8211     OPTNOTE = {}
8212     }
8213    
8214     @ARTICLE{Murtugudde:etal1996,
8215     AUTHOR = {Murtugudde, R. and R. Seager and A. J. Busalacchi},
8216     TITLE = {{Simulation of the tropical oceans with an ocean GCM
8217     coupled to an atmospheric mixed layer model}.},
8218     JOURNAL = jc,
8219     YEAR = {1996},
8220     VOLUME = {9},
8221     PAGES = {1795-1815},
8222     OPTNUMBER = {},
8223     OPTPAGES = {},
8224     OPTMONTH = {},
8225     OPTNOTE = {}
8226     }
8227    
8228     @ARTICLE{Naik:Visbeck1997,
8229     AUTHOR = {N. Naik and M. Visbeck},
8230     TITLE = {{Lamont Ocean-AML Model (LOAM) documentation}},
8231     VOLUME = {},
8232     YEAR = 1997,
8233     JOURNAL = {in preparation}
8234     }
8235    
8236     @ARTICLE{Nakamura:etal1997,
8237     AUTHOR = {Nakamura, H. and G. Lin and T. Yamagata},
8238     TITLE = {{Decadal climate variability in the North Pacific during the
8239     recent decades}},
8240     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
8241     VOLUME = {78},
8242     PAGES = {2215-2225},
8243     YEAR = {1997}
8244     }
8245    
8246     @ARTICLE{Namias1972,
8247     AUTHOR = {Namias, J.},
8248     TITLE = {{Experiments in objectively predicting some atmospheric and
8249     oceanic variables for the winter of 1971-1972}},
8250     JOURNAL = {J. Appl. Meteor.},
8251     VOLUME = {11},
8252     PAGES = {1164-1174},
8253     YEAR = {1972}
8254     }
8255    
8256     @ARTICLE{Namias1980,
8257     AUTHOR = {Namias, J.},
8258     TITLE = {{Causes of some extreme Northern Hemisphere climatic anomalies from summer 1978 through the subsequent winter}},
8259     JOURNAL = mwr,
8260     VOLUME = {108},
8261     PAGES = {1334-1346},
8262     YEAR = {1980}
8263     }
8264    
8265     @ARTICLE{Namias:Cayan1981,
8266     AUTHOR = {Namias, J. and D.R. Cayan},
8267     TITLE = {{Large-scale air-sea interactions and short-period climatic fluctuations}},
8268     JOURNAL = {Science},
8269     VOLUME = {214},
8270     PAGES = {869-876},
8271     YEAR = {1981}
8272     }
8273    
8274     @ARTICLE{Neelin1988,
8275     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8276     TITLE = {{A simple model for surface stress and low-level flow in the tropical atmosphere driven by prescribed heating}},
8277     JOURNAL = {Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.},
8278     VOLUME = {46},
8279     PAGES = {747-770},
8280     YEAR = {1988}
8281     }
8282    
8283     @ARTICLE{Neelin1989a,
8284     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8285     TITLE = {{On the interpretation of the Gill model}},
8286     JOURNAL = jas,
8287     VOLUME = {46},
8288     PAGES = {2466-2468},
8289     YEAR = {1989}
8290     }
8291    
8292     @ARTICLE{Neelin1989b,
8293     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8294     TITLE = {Interannual oscillations in an ocean general
8295     circulation model coupled to a simple atmosphere model.},
8296     JOURNAL = {Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond},
8297     YEAR = {1989},
8298     VOLUME = {329A},
8299     OPTNUMBER = {},
8300     PAGES = {189-205},
8301     OPTMONTH = {},
8302     OPTNOTE = {}
8303     }
8304    
8305     @ARTICLE{Neelin1990,
8306     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8307     TITLE = {A hybrid coupled general circulation model for {El
8308     Ni\~no} studies.},
8309     JOURNAL = jas,
8310     YEAR = {1990},
8311     VOLUME = {47},
8312     OPTNUMBER = {},
8313     PAGES = {674-693},
8314     OPTMONTH = {},
8315     OPTNOTE = {}
8316     }
8317    
8318     @ARTICLE{Neelin1991,
8319     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8320     TITLE = {The slow sea surface temperature mode and the
8321     fast-wave limit: {Analytic} theory for tropical
8322     interannual oscillations and experiments in a hybrid
8323     coupled model.},
8324     JOURNAL = jas,
8325     YEAR = {1991},
8326     VOLUME = {48},
8327     OPTNUMBER = {},
8328     PAGES = {584-606},
8329     OPTMONTH = {},
8330     OPTNOTE = {}
8331     }
8332    
8333     @ARTICLE{Neelin:etal1987,
8334     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and I. M. Held and K. H. Cook},
8335     TITLE = {Evaporation-wind feedback and low-frequency
8336     variability in the tropical atmosphere},
8337     JOURNAL = jas,
8338     YEAR = {1987},
8339     VOLUME = {44},
8340     OPTNUMBER = {},
8341     PAGES = {2341-2348},
8342     OPTMONTH = {},
8343     OPTNOTE = {}
8344     }
8345    
8346     @UNPUBLISHED{Neelin:etal1992,
8347     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and M. Latif and M.A.F. Allaart and M.A.
8348     Cane and U.Cubasch and W.L. Gates and P.R. Gent and
8349     M. Ghil and C. Gordon and N.C. Lau and G.A. Meehl and
8350     C.R. Mechoso and J.M. Oberhuber and S.G.H. Philander
8351     and P.S. Schopf and K.R. Sperber and A. Sterl and T.
8352     Tokioka and J. Tribbia and S.E. Zebiak},
8353     TITLE = {Tropical air-sea interaction in general circulation models.},
8354     JOURNAL = {Climate Dyn.},
8355     YEAR = {1992},
8356     VOLUME = {7},
8357     PAGES = {73-104},
8358     OPTMONTH = {},
8359     OPTNOTE = {}
8360     }
8361    
8362     @ARTICLE{Neelin:Yu1993,
8363     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and J-Y Yu},
8364     TITLE = {{Modes of tropical variability under convective
8365     adjustment and the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Part
8366     I: Analytical Theory}},
8367     JOURNAL = jas,
8368     YEAR = {1993},
8369     VOLUME = {},
8370     OPTNUMBER = {},
8371     PAGES = {in press},
8372     OPTMONTH = {},
8373     OPTNOTE = {}
8374     }
8375    
8376     @ARTICLE{Neelin:Weng1999,
8377     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and W. Weng},
8378     TITLE = {{Analytical prototypes for ocean-atmosphere
8379     interaction at midlatitudes. Part I: Coupled
8380     feedbacks as a sea surface temperature dependent
8381     stochastic process}},
8382     JOURNAL = jc,
8383     YEAR = {1999},
8384     VOLUME = {12},
8385     OPTNUMBER = {},
8386     PAGES = {697-721},
8387     OPTMONTH = {},
8388     OPTNOTE = {}
8389     }
8390    
8391     @ARTICLE{Nelkin:Cane1989,
8392     AUTHOR = {Nelkin, H. and Mark A. Cane},
8393     TITLE = {{An isentropic model for the thermohaline circulation}},
8394     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8395     YEAR = {1989}
8396     }
8397    
8398     @ARTICLE{Neumann1969,
8399     AUTHOR = {Neumann, G.},
8400     TITLE = {{Seasonal salinity variations in the upper strata of the western tropical Atlantic ocean-I. Sea surface salinities}},
8401     JOURNAL = {Deep-Sea Res.},
8402     VOLUME = {16Suppl},
8403     PAGES = {165-177},
8404     YEAR = {1969}
8405     }
8406    
8407     @INCOLLECTION{Neumann1972,
8408     AUTHOR = {Neumann, G.},
8409     TITLE = {{Precipitation, evaporation and monthly salinity variations in the inner Gulf of Guinea near the equator.}},
8410     EDITOR = {A.L. Gordon},
8411     BOOKTITLE = {Studies in Physical Oceanography},
8412     PAGES = {1, 19-48},
8413     YEAR = {1972},
8414     PUBLISHER = {Gordon and Breach Science, New York, NY}
8415     }
8416    
8417     @BOOK{Newell:etal1974,
8418     AUTHOR = {Newell, R. E. and J. W. Kidson and D. G. Vincent and
8419     G. J. Boer and J. R. Holton and J. M. Wallace and
8420     T. G. Dopplick and A. C. Kyle},
8421     TITLE = {{The general circulation of the tropical atmosphere and
8422     interactions with extratropical latitudes}},
8423     PAGES = {371},
8424     FICHE = {},
8425     YEAR = {1974},
8426     PUBLISHER = {{MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 371pp}}
8427     }
8428    
8429     @ARTICLE{Nials:etal1979,
8430     AUTHOR = {Fred L. Nials and Eric E. Deeds and Michael E.
8431     Moseley and Shelia G. Pozorski and Thomas G. Pozorski
8432     and Robert Feldman},
8433     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no}: THe Catastrophic Flooding of Coastal Peru},
8434     JOURNAL = {Field Museaum of Natural History bulletin},
8435     YEAR = 1979,
8436     VOLUME = 50,
8437     NUMBER = 7,
8438     PAGES = {4-14},
8439     KEYWORDS = {El Ni\~ no, ancient, climate}
8440     }
8441    
8442     @ARTICLE{Nicholls:LeMone1980,
8443     AUTHOR = {{Nicholls, S. and M. A. LeMone}},
8444     TITLE = {{The fair weather boundary layer in GATE: The relationship
8445     of subcloud fluxes and structure to the distribution
8446     and enhancement of cumulus clouds}},
8447     JOURNAL = jas,
8448     VOLUME = {37},
8449     PAGES = {2051-2067},
8450     YEAR = {1980}
8451     }
8452    
8453     @ARTICLE{Nigam:etal1986,
8454     AUTHOR = {{Nigam. S. and I. M. Held and S. W. Lyons}},
8455     TITLE = {{Linear simulation of the stationary eddies in a general
8456     circulation model. Part I: The no-mountain model}},
8457     JOURNAL = jas,
8458     VOLUME = {43},
8459     PAGES = {2944-2961},
8460     YEAR = {1986}
8461     }
8462    
8463     @ARTICLE{Nigam:etal1988,
8464     AUTHOR = {{Nigam. S. and I. M. Held and S. W. Lyons}},
8465     TITLE = {{Linear simulation of the stationary eddies in a general
8466     circulation model. Part II: The mountain model}},
8467     JOURNAL = jas,
8468     VOLUME = {45},
8469     PAGES = {1433-1452},
8470     YEAR = {1988}
8471     }
8472    
8473     @INCOLLECTION{Niiler:Kraus1977,
8474     AUTHOR = {Niiler, P.P. and E.B. Kraus},
8475     TITLE = {One-dimensional models of the upper ocean.},
8476     BOOKTITLE = {Modelling and prediction of the upper layers of the ocean.},
8477     PUBLISHER = {Pergammon Press},
8478     YEAR = {1977},
8479     EDITOR = {E.B. Kraus},
8480     OPTVOLUME = {},
8481     PAGES = {143-172},
8482     OPTADDRESS = {},
8483     OPTEDITION = {},
8484     OPTMONTH = {},
8485     OPTNOTE = {}
8486     }
8487    
8488     @ARTICLE{Nobre:Shukla1996,
8489     AUTHOR = {C. Nobre and J. Shukla},
8490     TITLE = {{Variations of sea surface temperature, wind stress, and
8491     rainfall over the tropical Atlantic and South America}},
8492     JOURNAL = jc,
8493     VOLUME = {9},
8494     OPTNOTE = {},
8495     PAGES = {2464-2479},
8496     YEAR = {1996}
8497     }
8498    
8499     @ARTICLE{Norris1998a,
8500     AUTHOR = {J. R. Norris},
8501     TITLE = {{Low cloud structure over the ocean from surface
8502     observations, Part I: Relationship to advection and
8503     the vertical distribution of temperature and moisture}},
8504     JOURNAL = jc,
8505     VOLUME = {11},
8506     OPTNOTE = {},
8507     PAGES = {369-382},
8508     YEAR = {1998}
8509     }
8510    
8511     @ARTICLE{Norris1998b,
8512     AUTHOR = {J. R. Norris},
8513     TITLE = {{Low cloud structure over the ocean from surface
8514     observations, Part II: geographical and seasonal variations}},
8515     JOURNAL = jc,
8516     VOLUME = {11},
8517     OPTNOTE = {},
8518     PAGES = {383-403},
8519     YEAR = {1998}
8520     }
8521    
8522     @ARTICLE{Norris:etal1998,
8523     AUTHOR = {J. R. Norris and Y. Zhang and J. M. Wallace},
8524     TITLE = {{Role of low clouds in summertime atmosphere-ocean
8525     interactions over the North Pacific}},
8526     JOURNAL = jc,
8527     VOLUME = {11},
8528     OPTNOTE = {},
8529     PAGES = {2482-2490},
8530     YEAR = {1998}
8531     }
8532    
8533     @INCOLLECTION{Oberhuber1986,
8534     AUTHOR = {Oberhuber, J.M.},
8535     TITLE = {{About some numerical methods used in an ocean general circulation model with isopycnic coordinates.}},
8536     EDITOR = {James J. O'Brien},
8537     BOOKTITLE = {{Advanced Physical Oceanographic Numerical Modeling}},
8538     PAGES = {511-522},
8539     YEAR = {1986},
8540     PUBLISHER = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}
8541     }
8542    
8543     @TECHREPORT{Oberhuber1988,
8544     AUTHOR = {Oberhuber, J. M.},
8545     TITLE = {{An atlas based on the COADS dataset: The budgets of
8546     heat, buoyancy and turbulent kinetic energy at the
8547     surface of the global ocean}},
8548     INSTITUTION = {{Max Planck Institut f\"{u}r Meteorologie, Hamburg,
8549     Germany, 199pp.}},
8550     YEAR = {1988},
8551     NUMBER = {15},
8552     PAGES = {},
8553     OPTMONTH = {},
8554     OPTNOTE = {}
8555     }
8556    
8557     @ARTICLE{Oberhuber1993,
8558     AUTHOR = {J.M. Oberhuber},
8559     TITLE = {{Simulation of the Atlantic circulation with a coupled sea
8560     ice mixed layer isopycnal general ciculation
8561     model. I: Model description.}},
8562     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8563     VOLUME = {23},
8564     PAGES = {808-829},
8565     YEAR = {1993}
8566     }
8567    
8568     @ARTICLE{Olbers:etal1985,
8569     AUTHOR = {Olbers, D.J. and M. Wenzel and J. Willebrand},
8570     TITLE = {{The inference of North Atlantic circulation patterns from climatological hydrographic data}},
8571     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys.},
8572     VOLUME = {23},
8573     PAGES = {313-356},
8574     YEAR = {1985}
8575     }
8576    
8577     @BOOK{Oort1983,
8578     AUTHOR = {Oort, A.H.},
8579     TITLE = {{Global atmospheric circulation statistics, 1958-1973}},
8580     PAGES = {180},
8581     FICHE = {47},
8582     YEAR = {1983},
8583     PUBLISHER = {{NOAA 14}}
8584     }
8585    
8586     @INPROCEEDINGS{Oort1993,
8587     AUTHOR = {Oort, A. H.},
8588     TITLE = {{Observed humidity trends in the atmosphere}},
8589     BOOKTITLE = {Seventeenth Annual Climate
8590     Diagnostics Workshop},
8591     YEAR = 1993,
8592     EDITOR = {},
8593     PAGES = {24-30},
8594     PUBLISHER = {National Ocenic and Atmsopheric Administration}
8595     }
8596    
8597     @ARTICLE{OttoBliesner1999,
8598     AUTHOR = {B.L. Otto-Bliesner},
8599     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no/La Ni\~na and Sahel precipitation
8600     during the middle Holocene}},
8601     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letts.},
8602     VOLUME = {26},
8603     PAGES = {87-90},
8604     YEAR = {1999}
8605     }
8606    
8607     @ARTICLE{Overland:etal1983,
8608     AUTHOR = {J. E. Overland and R. M. Reynolds and C. H. Pease},
8609     TITLE = {A model of the atmospheric boundary layer over the
8610     marginal ice zone},
8611     JOURNAL = jgr,
8612     YEAR = {1983},
8613     VOLUME = {88},
8614     OPTNUMBER = {},
8615     PAGES = {2836-2840},
8616     OPTMONTH = {},
8617     OPTNOTE = {}
8618     }
8619    
8620     @ARTICLE{Overland:Guest1991,
8621     AUTHOR = {J. E. Overland and P. S. Guest},
8622     TITLE = {{The Arctic snow and air temperature budget over sea
8623     ice during winter}},
8624     JOURNAL = jgr,
8625     YEAR = {1991},
8626     VOLUME = {96},
8627     OPTNUMBER = {},
8628     PAGES = {4651-4662},
8629     OPTMONTH = {},
8630     OPTNOTE = {}
8631     }
8632    
8633     @ARTICLE{Pacanowski:Philander1981,
8634     AUTHOR = {Pacanowski, R.C. and S.G.H. Philander},
8635     TITLE = {Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical
8636     models of tropical oceans},
8637     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Ocean.},
8638     YEAR = {1981},
8639     VOLUME = {11},
8640     OPTNUMBER = {},
8641     PAGES = {1443-1451},
8642     OPTMONTH = {},
8643     OPTNOTE = {}
8644     }
8645    
8646     @ARTICLE{Palmer1986,
8647     AUTHOR = {Palmer, T. N.},
8648     TITLE = {{Influence of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans on Sahel rainfall}},
8649     JOURNAL = {Nature},
8650     VOLUME = {322},
8651     PAGES = {251-253},
8652     YEAR = {1986}
8653     }
8654    
8655     @ARTICLE{Palmer1995,
8656     AUTHOR = {Palmer, T. N.},
8657     TITLE = {{The influence of north-west Atlantic sea surface
8658     temperature: An unplanned experiment}},
8659     JOURNAL = {Weather},
8660     VOLUME = {50},
8661     PAGES = {413-419},
8662     YEAR = {1995}
8663     }
8664    
8665     @ARTICLE{Palmer:Sun1985,
8666     AUTHOR = {Palmer, T.N. and Z. Sun},
8667     TITLE = {{A modeling and observational study of the relationship between sea surface temperatures in the north west Atlantic and the atmospheric general circulation}},
8668     JOURNAL = {Q. J. R. Met. Soc.},
8669     VOLUME = {111},
8670     PAGES = {947-975},
8671     YEAR = {1985}
8672     }
8673    
8674     @ARTICLE{Palmer:etal1992,
8675     AUTHOR = {{Palmer, T. N., \v{C}. Brankovi\'{c}, P. Viterbo and M.
8676     J. Miller}},
8677     TITLE = {{Modeling interannual variations of summer monsoons}},
8678     JOURNAL = jc,
8679     VOLUME = {5},
8680     PAGES = {399-417},
8681     YEAR = {1992}
8682     }
8683    
8684     @ARTICLE{Pan:Oort1983,
8685     AUTHOR = {Pan, Y. H. and Oort, A. H.},
8686     TITLE = {Global climate variations connected with sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial {P}acific {O}cean for the 1958-73 period},
8687     JOURNAL = mwr,
8688     VOLUME = {111},
8689     PAGES = {1244--1258},
8690     YEAR = {1983},
8691     NOTE = {}
8692     }
8693    
8694     @ARTICLE{Parsons1969,
8695     AUTHOR = {Parsons, A. T.},
8696     TITLE = {{A two-layer model of Gulf Stream separation}},
8697     JOURNAL = {J. Fluid Mech.},
8698     VOLUME = {39},
8699     PAGES = {511-528},
8700     YEAR = {1969}
8701     }
8702    
8703     @ARTICLE{Payne1984,
8704     AUTHOR = {Payne, R.E.},
8705     TITLE = {{Surface wind observations in SEQUAL I}},
8706     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
8707     VOLUME = {11},
8708     PAGES = {719-721},
8709     YEAR = {1984}
8710     }
8711    
8712     @ARTICLE{Pazan:etal1986,
8713     AUTHOR = {Pazan, S.E. and W.B. White And M. Inoue and J.J. O'Brien},
8714     TITLE = {{Off equatorial influence upon Pacific equatorial dynamic height variability during the 1982-1983 - El Ni\~no/Southern oscillation event}},
8715     JOURNAL = jgr,
8716     VOLUME = {91},
8717     PAGES = {8437-8449},
8718     YEAR = {1986}
8719     }
8720    
8721     @ARTICLE{Peng:etal1995,
8722     AUTHOR = {Peng, S. and L. A. Mysak and H. Ritchie and J. Derome and
8723     B. Dugas},
8724     TITLE = {{The difference between early and middle winter atmospheric
8725     response to sea surface temperature anomalies in the
8726     northwest Atlantic}},
8727     JOURNAL = jc,
8728     VOLUME = {8},
8729     PAGES = {137-157},
8730     YEAR = {1995}
8731     }
8732    
8733     @ARTICLE{Peng:Whitaker1999,
8734     AUTHOR = {Peng, S. and J. S. Whitaker},
8735     TITLE = {{Mechanisms determining the atmospheric response to mid-latitude SST anomalies}},
8736     JOURNAL = jc,
8737     VOLUME = {12},
8738     PAGES = {1393-1408},
8739     YEAR = {1999}
8740     }
8741    
8742     @ARTICLE{Pearce:etal2000,
8743     AUTHOR = {D. W. Pierce and T. P. Barnett and M. Latif},
8744     TITLE = {{Connections between the Pacific Ocean tropics and
8745     midlatitudes on decadal timescales}},
8746     JOURNAL = jc,
8747     VOLUME = {13},
8748     PAGES = {1173-1194},
8749     YEAR = {2000}
8750     }
8751    
8752     @BOOK{Peixoto:Oort1992,
8753     AUTHOR = {Peixoto, J. P. and A. H. Oort},
8754     TITLE = {{Physics of Climate}.},
8755     PUBLISHER = {American Institute of Physics},
8756     YEAR = {1992},
8757     OPTEDITOR = {},
8758     OPTVOLUME = {},
8759     OPTSERIES = {},
8760     ADDRESS = {New York, 520pp},
8761     OPTEDITION = {},
8762     OPTMONTH = {},
8763     PAGES = {520},
8764     OPTNOTE = {}
8765     }
8766    
8767     @BOOK{Philander1990,
8768     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H.},
8769     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no, La Ni\~na}, and the {Southern Oscillation}.},
8770     PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
8771     YEAR = {1990},
8772     OPTEDITOR = {},
8773     OPTVOLUME = {},
8774     OPTSERIES = {},
8775     ADDRESS = {San Diego},
8776     OPTEDITION = {},
8777     OPTMONTH = {},
8778     PAGES = {293},
8779     OPTNOTE = {}
8780     }
8781    
8782     @ARTICLE{Peters:etal1988,
8783     AUTHOR = {Peters, H. and M.C. Gregg and J.M. Toole},
8784     TITLE = {On the parameterization of equatorial turbulence},
8785     JOURNAL = jgr,
8786     YEAR = {1988},
8787     VOLUME = {93},
8788     OPTNUMBER = {},
8789     PAGES = {1199-1218},
8790     OPTMONTH = {},
8791     OPTNOTE = {}
8792     }
8793    
8794     @ARTICLE{Philander1986,
8795     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H.},
8796     TITLE = {{Unusual conditions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1984}},
8797     JOURNAL = {Nature},
8798     VOLUME = {322},
8799     PAGES = {236-238},
8800     YEAR = {1986}
8801     }
8802    
8803     @BOOK{Peixoto:Oort1993,
8804     AUTHOR = {J. P. Peixoto and A. H. Oort},
8805     TITLE = {Physics of climate},
8806     PUBLISHER = {{American Institue of Physics}},
8807     YEAR = {1993},
8808     OPTEDITOR = {},
8809     OPTVOLUME = {},
8810     OPTSERIES = {},
8811     ADDRESS = {New York},
8812     OPTEDITION = {},
8813     OPTMONTH = {},
8814     PAGES = {520},
8815     OPTNOTE = {}
8816     }
8817    
8818     @INCOLLECTION{Philander:Siegel1985,
8819     AUTHOR = {S. G. H. Philander and A. D. Siegel},
8820     TITLE = {{Simulation of the El Ni\~no of 1982-1983}},
8821     EDITOR = {J. C. J. Nihoul},
8822     BOOKTITLE = {{Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models}},
8823     PAGES = {517-541},
8824     YEAR = {1985},
8825     PUBLISHER = {Elsevier, New York}
8826     }
8827    
8828     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1984,
8829     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and T. Yamagata and R.C. Pacanowski},
8830     TITLE = {Unstable air-sea interactions in the tropics.},
8831     JOURNAL = jas,
8832     YEAR = {1984},
8833     VOLUME = {41},
8834     OPTNUMBER = {},
8835     PAGES = {604-613},
8836     OPTMONTH = {},
8837     OPTNOTE = {}
8838     }
8839    
8840     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1987,
8841     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and W.J. Hurlin and A.D. Siegel},
8842     TITLE = {Simulation of the seasonal cycle of the tropical
8843     {Pacific} ocean.},
8844     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8845     YEAR = {1987},
8846     VOLUME = {17},
8847     OPTNUMBER = {},
8848     PAGES = {1986-2002},
8849     OPTMONTH = {},
8850     OPTNOTE = {}
8851     }
8852    
8853     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1992,
8854     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and R.C. Pacanowski and N.C. Lau
8855     and M.J. Nath},
8856     TITLE = {{A simulation of ENSO with a
8857     global atmospheric GCM coupled to a
8858     high-resolution, tropical Pacific Ocean GCM}},
8859     JOURNAL = jc,
8860     YEAR = {1992},
8861     VOLUME = {5},
8862     OPTNUMBER = {},
8863     OPTPAGES = {308-329},
8864     OPTMONTH = {},
8865     OPTNOTE = {}
8866     }
8867    
8868     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1996,
8869     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and D. Gu and D. Halpern and
8870     N.C. Lau and T. Li and R.C. Pacanowski},
8871     TITLE = {{Why the ITCZ is mostly north of the equator}},
8872     JOURNAL = jc,
8873     YEAR = {1996},
8874     VOLUME = {9},
8875     OPTNUMBER = {},
8876     OPTPAGES = {},
8877     OPTMONTH = {},
8878     OPTNOTE = {}
8879     }
8880    
8881     @ARTICLE{Picaut:etal1985,
8882     AUTHOR = {Picaut, J. and J. Servain And P. Lecomte And M. Seva And S. Lukas and G. Rougier},
8883     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic Ocean wind stress and sea surface temperature 1964-1979}},
8884     JOURNAL = {Universite de Bretagne Occidentale - Hawaii},
8885     PAGES = {467},
8886     YEAR = {1985}
8887     }
8888    
8889     @ARTICLE{Pierce:etal2000,
8890     AUTHOR = {D. W. Pierce and T. P. Barnett and M. Latif},
8891     TITLE = {{Connections between the Pacific Ocean tropics and
8892     midlatitudes on decadal timescales}},
8893     JOURNAL = jc,
8894     YEAR = {2000},
8895     VOLUME = {13},
8896     NUMBER = {},
8897     PAGES = {1173-1194}
8898     }
8899    
8900     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert1995,
8901     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8902     TITLE = {Thermostats, radiator fins, and the runaway greenhouse},
8903     JOURNAL = jas,
8904     YEAR = {1995},
8905     VOLUME = {52},
8906     NUMBER = {},
8907     PAGES = {1784-1806}
8908     }
8909    
8910     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert1999a,
8911     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8912     TITLE = {{Huascaran $\delta^{18}O$ as an indicator of tropical
8913     climate during the Last Glacial Maximum}},
8914     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
8915     YEAR = {1999},
8916     VOLUME = {26},
8917     NUMBER = {},
8918     PAGES = {1345-1348}
8919     }
8920    
8921     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert1998,
8922     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8923     TITLE = {{Lateral mixing as a source of subtropical water vapor}},
8924     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
8925     YEAR = {1998},
8926     VOLUME = {25},
8927     NUMBER = {},
8928     PAGES = {151-154}
8929     }
8930    
8931     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert:Roca1998,
8932     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert and R. Roca},
8933     TITLE = {{Evidence for control of Atlantic subtropical humidity by large scale advection}},
8934     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
8935     YEAR = {1998},
8936     VOLUME = {25},
8937     NUMBER = {},
8938     PAGES = {4537-4540}
8939     }
8940    
8941     @INCOLLECTION{Pierrehumbert1999b,
8942     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8943     TITLE = {{Subtropical water vapor as a mediator of rapid global climate change}},
8944     EDITOR = {{Peter U. Clark and Robert S. Webb and Lloyd D. Keigwin}},
8945     BOOKTITLE = {{Mechanisms of global climate change at millenial
8946     timescales, Geophysical Monograph 112}},
8947     PAGES = {339-361},
8948     YEAR = 1999,
8949     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysocal Union, Washington, DC}
8950     }
8951    
8952     @ARTICLE{Pinkel:etal1991,
8953     AUTHOR = {Robert Pinkel and Jeffrey Sherman and Jerome Smith
8954     and Steven Anderson},
8955     TITLE = {Strain: Observations of the Vertical Gradient of
8956     Isopycnal Vertical Displacement},
8957     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8958     YEAR = 1991,
8959     VOLUME = 21,
8960     NUMBER = 4,
8961     PAGES = {527-540}
8962     }
8963    
8964     @ARTICLE{Piola:Gordon1984,
8965     AUTHOR = {Piola, A.R. and A.L. Gordon},
8966     TITLE = {{Pacific and Indian Ocean upper-layer salinity budget}},
8967     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8968     VOLUME = {14},
8969     PAGES = {747-753},
8970     YEAR = {1984}
8971     }
8972    
8973     @ARTICLE{Pitcher:etal1988,
8974     AUTHOR = {Pitcher, E. J. and M. L. Blackmon and G.T. Bates and S. Munoz},
8975     TITLE = {{The effect of North Pacific sea surface temperature
8976     anomalies on the January climate of a general
8977     circulation model}},
8978     JOURNAL = jas,
8979     VOLUME = {45},
8980     PAGES = {172-188},
8981     YEAR = {1988}
8982     }
8983    
8984     @ARTICLE{Pollard:Pu1985,
8985     AUTHOR = {Pollard, R. T. and S. P.},
8986     TITLE = {{Structure and circulation of the upper Atlantic ocean northeast of the Azores}},
8987     JOURNAL = {Prog. Oceanogr.},
8988     VOLUME = {14},
8989     PAGES = {443-462},
8990     YEAR = {1985}
8991     }
8992    
8993     @ARTICLE{Pollard:etal1973,
8994     AUTHOR = {Pollard, R. T. and P. B. Rhines and R. O. R. Y. Thompson},
8995     TITLE = {The deepening of the wind-mixed layer.},
8996     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Fluid Dyn.},
8997     YEAR = {1973},
8998     VOLUME = {3},
8999     OPTNUMBER = {},
9000     PAGES = {381-404},
9001     OPTMONTH = {},
9002     OPTNOTE = {}
9003     }
9004    
9005     @ARTICLE{Porter1979,
9006     AUTHOR = {Porter, S. C.},
9007     TITLE = {Hawaiian glacial ages},
9008     JOURNAL = {Quat. Res.},
9009     YEAR = {1979},
9010     VOLUME = {12},
9011     OPTNUMBER = {},
9012     PAGES = {161-187},
9013     OPTMONTH = {},
9014     OPTNOTE = {}
9015     }
9016    
9017     @ARTICLE{Porter1997,
9018     AUTHOR = {Porter, S. C.},
9019     TITLE = {{Late Pleistocene eolian sediments related to
9020     pyroclastic eruptions of Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii}},
9021     JOURNAL = {Quat. Res.},
9022     YEAR = {1997},
9023     VOLUME = {47},
9024     OPTNUMBER = {},
9025     PAGES = {261-276},
9026     OPTMONTH = {},
9027     OPTNOTE = {}
9028     }
9029    
9030     @ARTICLE{Posmentier:etal1989,
9031     AUTHOR = {Posmentier, E.S. and Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
9032     TITLE = {{Tropical Pacific climate trends since 1960}},
9033     JOURNAL = jc,
9034     VOLUME = {2},
9035     PAGES = {731-736},
9036     YEAR = {1989}
9037     }
9038    
9039     @ARTICLE{Price1979,
9040     AUTHOR = {Price, J.F.},
9041     TITLE = {On the scaling of stress-driven entrainment experiments},
9042     JOURNAL = {J. Fluid Mech.},
9043     YEAR = {1979},
9044     VOLUME = {90},
9045     OPTNUMBER = {},
9046     PAGES = {509-529},
9047     OPTMONTH = {},
9048     OPTNOTE = {}
9049     }
9050    
9051     @ARTICLE{Price:etal1986,
9052     AUTHOR = {Price, J.F. and R.A. Weller and R. Pinkel},
9053     TITLE = {{Diurnal Cycling: Observations and models of the upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling, and wind mixing}},
9054     JOURNAL = {J. Geo. Res.},
9055     VOLUME = {91},
9056     PAGES = {8411-8427},
9057     YEAR = {1986}
9058     }
9059    
9060     @ARTICLE{Qiu2000,
9061     AUTHOR = {Qiu, B.},
9062     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of the Kuroshio Extension system and its impact on the wintertime SST field}},
9063     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9064     YEAR = {2000},
9065     VOLUME = {30},
9066     OPTNUMBER = {},
9067     PAGES = {1486-1502},
9068     OPTMONTH = {},
9069     OPTNOTE = {}
9070     }
9071    
9072     @ARTICLE{Quinn:etal1978,
9073     AUTHOR = {Quinn, W.H. and D.O. Dopf and K.S. Short and R.T. W. Kuo-Yang},
9074     TITLE = {Historical trends and statistics of the {Southern
9075     Oscillation, El Ni\~no}, and {Indonesian} droughts.},
9076     JOURNAL = {Fish. Bull.},
9077     YEAR = {1978},
9078     VOLUME = {76},
9079     OPTNUMBER = {},
9080     PAGES = {663-678},
9081     OPTMONTH = {},
9082     OPTNOTE = {}
9083     }
9084    
9085     @ARTICLE{Quinn:etal1987,
9086     AUTHOR = {Quinn, W.H. and V.T. Neal and E.A. De Mayolo},
9087     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no occurrences over the past four and a half centuries}},
9088     JOURNAL = {J. of Geophys. Res.},
9089     VOLUME = {92},
9090     PAGES = {14,449-14461},
9091     YEAR = {1987}
9092     }
9093    
9094     @ARTICLE{Rajagopolan:etal1998,
9095     AUTHOR = {{Rajagopolan, B. and Y. Kushnir and Y. M. Tourre}},
9096     TITLE = {{Observed decadal midlatitude and tropical Atlantic climate
9097     variability}},
9098     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
9099     VOLUME = {25},
9100     PAGES = {3967-3970},
9101     YEAR = {1998}
9102     }
9103    
9104     @ARTICLE{Rahmstorff:Willebrand1995,
9105     AUTHOR = {{Rahmstorff, S. and J. Willebrand}},
9106     TITLE = {{The role of temperature feedback in stabilising the
9107     thermohaline circulation}},
9108     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9109     VOLUME = {25},
9110     PAGES = {787-805},
9111     YEAR = {1995}
9112     }
9113    
9114     @ARTICLE{Rahmstorff1995,
9115     AUTHOR = {{Rahmstorff, S.}},
9116     TITLE = {{Bifurcations of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in
9117     response to changes in the hydrological cycle}},
9118     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9119     VOLUME = {378},
9120     PAGES = {145-149},
9121     YEAR = {1995}
9122     }
9123    
9124     @ARTICLE{Rahmstorff1997,
9125     AUTHOR = {{Rahmstorff, S.}},
9126     TITLE = {{Risk of sea-change in the Atlantic?}},
9127     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9128     VOLUME = {388},
9129     PAGES = {825-826},
9130     YEAR = {1997}
9131     }
9132    
9133     @ARTICLE{Ramage1977,
9134     AUTHOR = {Ramage, C.S.},
9135     TITLE = {Sea surface temperature and local weather.},
9136     JOURNAL = mwr,
9137     YEAR = {1977},
9138     VOLUME = {105},
9139     OPTNUMBER = {},
9140     PAGES = {540-544},
9141     OPTMONTH = {},
9142     OPTNOTE = {}
9143     }
9144    
9145     @ARTICLE{Ramage1987,
9146     AUTHOR = {Ramage, C.S.},
9147     TITLE = {{Secular change in reported surface wind speeds over the ocean}},
9148     JOURNAL = {J. Climate Appl. Meteor.},
9149     VOLUME = {26},
9150     PAGES = {525-528},
9151     YEAR = {1987}
9152     }
9153    
9154     @ARTICLE{Ramanathan:Collins1991,
9155     AUTHOR = {Ramanathan, V. and W. Collins},
9156     TITLE = {Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus
9157     clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 {El
9158     Ni\~no.}},
9159     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9160     YEAR = {1991},
9161     VOLUME = {351},
9162     OPTNUMBER = {},
9163     PAGES = {27-32},
9164     OPTMONTH = {},
9165     OPTNOTE = {}
9166     }
9167    
9168     @ARTICLE{Ramanathan:Downey1986,
9169     AUTHOR = {{Ramanathan, V. and P. Downey}},
9170     TITLE = {{A nonisothermal emissivity and absorptivity formulation for
9171     water vapor}},
9172     JOURNAL = jgr,
9173     VOLUME = {91},
9174     PAGES = {8649-8666},
9175     YEAR = {1986}
9176     }
9177    
9178     @ARTICLE{Ramanathan:etal1989,
9179     AUTHOR = {Ramanathan, V. and R. D. Cess and E. F. Harrison and P. Minnis
9180     and B. R. Barkstrom and E. Ahmad and D. Hartmann},
9181     TITLE = {{Cloud-radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth
9182     Radiation Budget Experiment}},
9183     JOURNAL = {Science},
9184     VOLUME = {243},
9185     PAGES = {57-63},
9186     YEAR = {1989}
9187     }
9188    
9189     @ARTICLE{Ramaswamy:Freidenreich1992,
9190     AUTHOR = {{Ramaswamy, V. and S. M. Freidenreich}},
9191     TITLE = {{A study of broadband parameterizations of the solar
9192     radiative interactions with water vapor and water drops}},
9193     JOURNAL = jgr,
9194     VOLUME = {97},
9195     PAGES = {11487-11512},
9196     YEAR = {1992}
9197     }
9198    
9199     @ARTICLE{Rancic:Sindjic1989,
9200     AUTHOR = {Rancic, M. and G. Sindjic},
9201     TITLE = {{Noninterpolating semi-lagrangian advection scheme with minimized dissipation and dispersion errors}},
9202     JOURNAL = mwr,
9203     VOLUME = {117},
9204     PAGES = {1906-1911},
9205     YEAR = {1989}
9206     }
9207    
9208     @ARTICLE{Randall:etal1985,
9209     AUTHOR = {{D. A. Randall and J. A. Abeles and T. G. Corsetti}},
9210     TITLE = {{Seasonal simulations of the planetary boundary layer and
9211     boundary layer stratocumulus clouds with a general
9212     circulation model}},
9213     JOURNAL = jas,
9214     VOLUME = {42},
9215     PAGES = {641-676},
9216     YEAR = {1985}
9217     }
9218    
9219     @ARTICLE{Rao:Goswami1988,
9220     AUTHOR = {Rao, K.G. and B.N. Goswami},
9221     TITLE = {{Interannual variations of sea surface temperature over the Arabian Sea and the Indian Monsoon}},
9222     JOURNAL = mwr,
9223     VOLUME = {116},
9224     PAGES = {558-568},
9225     YEAR = {1988}
9226     }
9227    
9228     @ARTICLE{Rasmusson1985,
9229     AUTHOR = {Rasmusson, E.M.},
9230     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no} and variations in climate.},
9231     JOURNAL = {Am. Sci.},
9232     YEAR = {1988},
9233     OPTVOLUME = {73},
9234     OPTNUMBER = {},
9235     PAGES = {168-177},
9236     OPTMONTH = {},
9237     OPTNOTE = {}
9238     }
9239    
9240     @ARTICLE{Rasmusson:Carpenter1982,
9241     AUTHOR = {Rasmusson, E.M. and T.H. Carpenter},
9242     TITLE = {{Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Ni\~no}},
9243     JOURNAL = mwr,
9244     VOLUME = {110},
9245     PAGES = {354-384},
9246     YEAR = {1982}
9247     }
9248    
9249     @ARTICLE{Ratcliffe:Murray1970,
9250     AUTHOR = {Ratcliffe, R.A.S. and R. Murray},
9251     TITLE = {{New lag associations between North Atlantic sea temperature and European pressure applied to long-group weather forecasting}},
9252     JOURNAL = {Q.J.R. Meteor. Soc.},
9253     VOLUME = {96},
9254     PAGES = {226-246},
9255     YEAR = {1970}
9256     }
9257    
9258     @ARTICLE{Raval:Ramanathan1989,
9259     AUTHOR = {Raval, A. and V. Ramanathan},
9260     TITLE = {{Observational determination of the greenhouse effect}},
9261     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9262     VOLUME = {342},
9263     PAGES = {758-761},
9264     YEAR = {1989}
9265     }
9266    
9267     @ARTICLE{Raval:etal1994,
9268     AUTHOR = {A. Raval and A. H. Oort and V. Ramaswamy},
9269     TITLE = {{Observed dependence of outgoing longwave radiation on sea
9270     surface temperature and moisture}},
9271     JOURNAL = jc,
9272     VOLUME = {7},
9273     PAGES = {807-821},
9274     YEAR = {1994}
9275     }
9276    
9277     @ARTICLE{Rea1994,
9278     AUTHOR = {D. K. Rea},
9279     TITLE = {{The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in
9280     the deep sea: The geologic history of wind.}},
9281     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys.},
9282     VOLUME = {32},
9283     PAGES = {159-195},
9284     YEAR = {1994}
9285     }
9286    
9287     @ARTICLE{Reed1977,
9288     AUTHOR = {R. K. Reed},
9289     TITLE = {{On estimating insolation over the ocean}},
9290     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9291     VOLUME = {7},
9292     PAGES = {482-485},
9293     YEAR = {1977}
9294     }
9295    
9296     @ARTICLE{Reed:Recker1971,
9297     AUTHOR = {R. J. Reed and E. E. Recker},
9298     TITLE = {{Structure and properties of synoptic-scale wave
9299     disturbances in the equatorial western Pacific}},
9300     JOURNAL = jas,
9301     VOLUME = {28},
9302     PAGES = {1117-1133},
9303     YEAR = {1971}
9304     }
9305    
9306     @ARTICLE{Rennick:Haney1985,
9307     AUTHOR = {Rennick, M.A. and R. L. Haney},
9308     TITLE = {{Stable and unstable air-sea interaction in the equatorial region}},
9309     JOURNAL = jas,
9310     VOLUME = {43},
9311     PAGES = {2937-2943},
9312     YEAR = {1985}
9313     }
9314    
9315     @ARTICLE{Reverdin:Cane1984,
9316     AUTHOR = {Reverdin, G. and Mark A. Cane},
9317     TITLE = {{The near surface equatorial Indian Ocean in 1979.
9318     Part I: Simulations with linear dynamics}},
9319     JOURNAL = { J. Phys. Oceanography},
9320     VOLUME = {14},
9321     PAGES = {1817-1828},
9322     YEAR = {1984}
9323     }
9324    
9325     @ARTICLE{Reverdin:etal1994,
9326     AUTHOR = {Reverdin, G. and D. Cayan and H. D. Dooley and D. J. Ellett
9327     and S. Levitus and Y. Penhoat and A. Dessier},
9328     TITLE = {{Surface salinity of the North Atlantic: Can we reconstruct
9329     its fluctuations over the last one hundred years?}},
9330     JOURNAL = { Prog. Oceanogr.},
9331     VOLUME = {33},
9332     PAGES = {303-346},
9333     YEAR = {1994}
9334     }
9335    
9336     @ARTICLE{Reverdin:etal1997,
9337     AUTHOR = {Reverdin, G. and D. Cayan and Y. Kushnir},
9338     TITLE = {{Decadal variability of hydrography in the upper northern
9339     North Atlantic in 1948-1990.}},
9340     JOURNAL = { J. Geophys. Res.},
9341     VOLUME = {102},
9342     PAGES = {8505-8531},
9343     YEAR = {1997}
9344     }
9345    
9346     @BOOK{Reynolds1982,
9347     AUTHOR = {Reynolds, R.W.},
9348     TITLE = {{A monthly averaged climatology of sea surface temperature}},
9349     PAGES = {35},
9350     YEAR = {1982},
9351     PUBLISHER = {{NOAA Technical Report NWS 31, National Weather Service, Silver Spring, MD}}
9352     }
9353    
9354     @ARTICLE{Reynolds1988,
9355     AUTHOR = {Reynolds, R. W.},
9356     TITLE = {{A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis}},
9357     JOURNAL = jc,
9358     VOLUME = {1},
9359     PAGES = {75-86},
9360     YEAR = 1988
9361     }
9362    
9363     @ARTICLE{Reynolds:etal1989,
9364     AUTHOR = {Reynolds, R.W. and K. Arpe And C. Gordon And S.P. Hayes And A. Leetmaa and M.J. McPhaden},
9365     TITLE = {{A comparison of tropical Pacific surface wind analyses}},
9366     JOURNAL = jc,
9367     VOLUME = {2},
9368     PAGES = {105-111},
9369     YEAR = {1989}
9370     }
9371    
9372     @ARTICLE{Rind:etal1986,
9373     AUTHOR = {Rind, D. and D. Peteet and W. Broecker and A. McIntyre and
9374     W. R. Ruddiman},
9375     TITLE = {{The impact of cold North Atlantic sea surface temperature
9376     on climate: implication for Younger Dryas cooling (11-10 k)}},
9377     JOURNAL = {Climate Dyn.},
9378     VOLUME = {1},
9379     PAGES = {3-33},
9380     YEAR = {1986}
9381     }
9382    
9383     @ARTICLE{Rind:Peteet1985,
9384     AUTHOR = {Rind, D. and D. Peteet},
9385     TITLE = {{Terrestrial conditions at the last glacial maximum and
9386     CLIMAP sea-surface temperature estimates: Are they
9387     consistent?}},
9388     JOURNAL = {Quat. Res.},
9389     VOLUME = {24},
9390     PAGES = {1-22},
9391     YEAR = {1985}
9392     }
9393    
9394     @ARTICLE{Rind:etal2001,
9395     AUTHOR = {Rind, D. and P. deMenocal and G. Russell and S. Sheth and
9396     D. Collins and G. Schmidt and J. Teller},
9397     TITLE = {{North Atlantic Deep Water and interhemispheric response to
9398     glacial meltwater in the GISS coupled
9399     atmosphere-ocean model}},
9400     JOURNAL = jgr,
9401     VOLUME = {},
9402     PAGES = {},
9403     NOTE = {in press},
9404     YEAR = {2001}
9405     }
9406    
9407     @ARTICLE{Robertson:etal2000,
9408     AUTHOR = {Robertson, A. W. and C. R. Mechoso and Y.-J. Kim},
9409     TITLE = {{The influence of Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies
9410     on the North Atlantic Oscillation}},
9411     JOURNAL = jc,
9412     VOLUME = {13},
9413     PAGES = {122-138},
9414     YEAR = {2000}
9415     }
9416    
9417     @ARTICLE{Rodgers1967,
9418     AUTHOR = {Rodgers, C. D.},
9419     TITLE = {{The use of emissivity in atmospheric radiation calculations}},
9420     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
9421     VOLUME = {93},
9422     PAGES = {43-54},
9423     YEAR = {1967}
9424     }
9425    
9426     @ARTICLE{Rodgers:etal1995,
9427     AUTHOR = {Rodgers, K. and M. A. Cane and D. Schrag},
9428     TITLE = {{Seasonal variability of sea surface $\Delta^{14}$C in the
9429     equatorial Pacific in an ocean circulation model}},
9430     JOURNAL = {To be submitted to J. Geophys. Res.},
9431     VOLUME = {},
9432     PAGES = {},
9433     YEAR = {1995}
9434     }
9435    
9436     @ARTICLE{Rodwell:Hoskins1996,
9437     AUTHOR = {Rodwell, M. J. and B. J. Hoskins},
9438     TITLE = {{Monsoons and the dynamics of deserts}},
9439     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
9440     VOLUME = {122},
9441     PAGES = {1385-1404},
9442     YEAR = {1996}
9443     }
9444    
9445     @ARTICLE{Rodwell:etal1999,
9446     AUTHOR = {Rodwell, M. J. and D. P. Rowell and C. K. Folland},
9447     TITLE = {{Oceanic forcing of the wintertime North Atlantic
9448     Oscillation and European climate}},
9449     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9450     VOLUME = {398},
9451     PAGES = {320-323},
9452     YEAR = {1999}
9453     }
9454    
9455     @ARTICLE{Rogers1984,
9456     AUTHOR = {Rogers, J.C.},
9457     TITLE = {{The association between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere}},
9458     JOURNAL = mwr,
9459     VOLUME = {112},
9460     PAGES = {1999-2015},
9461     YEAR = {1984}
9462     }
9463    
9464     @ARTICLE{Rogers1985,
9465     AUTHOR = {Rogers, J.C.},
9466     TITLE = {{Atmospheric circulation changes associated with the warming in the northern North Atlantic in the 1920s}},
9467     JOURNAL = {J. Climate and Apll. Meteorol.},
9468     VOLUME = {24},
9469     PAGES = {1303-1310},
9470     YEAR = {1985}
9471     }
9472    
9473     @ARTICLE{Rogers:vanLoon1979,
9474     AUTHOR = {Rogers, J.C. and H. van Loon},
9475     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and northern Europe. Part II: Some oceanic and atmospheric effects in middle and high latitudes}},
9476     JOURNAL = mwr,
9477     VOLUME = {107},
9478     PAGES = {509-519},
9479     YEAR = {1979}
9480     }
9481    
9482     @ARTICLE{Ropelewski:Halpert1987,
9483     AUTHOR = {Ropelewski, C. F. and M. S. Halpert},
9484     TITLE = {Global and regional scale precipitation patterns
9485     associated with the {El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation}.},
9486     JOURNAL = mwr,
9487     YEAR = {1987},
9488     VOLUME = {114},
9489     OPTNUMBER = {},
9490     PAGES = {2352-2362},
9491     OPTMONTH = {},
9492     OPTNOTE = {}
9493     }
9494    
9495     @ARTICLE{Ropelewski:Halpert1989,
9496     AUTHOR = {Ropelewski, C. F. and M. S. Halpert},
9497     TITLE = {{Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of the southern oscillation}},
9498     JOURNAL = jc,
9499     VOLUME = {2},
9500     PAGES = {268-284},
9501     YEAR = {1989}
9502     }
9503    
9504     @ARTICLE{Rosati:Miyakoda1988,
9505     AUTHOR = {Rosati, A and K. Miyakoda},
9506     TITLE = {A general circulation model for upper ocean simulation},
9507     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9508     YEAR = {1988},
9509     VOLUME = {18},
9510     OPTNUMBER = {},
9511     PAGES = {1601-1626},
9512     OPTMONTH = {},
9513     OPTNOTE = {}
9514     }
9515    
9516     @ARTICLE{Ross:etal1985,
9517     AUTHOR = {Ross, D.B. and J. Overland And W.J. Pierson, Jrs. and V.J. Cardone And R.D. McPherson and T.W. Yu},
9518     TITLE = {{Oceanic surface winds}},
9519     JOURNAL = {Adv. in Geophys.},
9520     VOLUME = {27},
9521     PAGES = {101-140},
9522     YEAR = {1985}
9523     }
9524    
9525     @ARTICLE{Rossow:Schiffer1991,
9526     AUTHOR = {W. B. Rossow and R. A. Schiffer},
9527     TITLE = {{ISCCP cloud data products}},
9528     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
9529     VOLUME = {72},
9530     PAGES = {2-20},
9531     YEAR = {1991}
9532     }
9533    
9534     @ARTICLE{Rossow:Lacis1990,
9535     AUTHOR = {W. B. Rossow and A. A. Lacis},
9536     TITLE = {{Global, seasonal cloud variations from satellite radiance
9537     measurements. Part II: Cloud properties and
9538     radiative effects}},
9539     JOURNAL = jc,
9540     VOLUME = {3},
9541     PAGES = {1204-1253},
9542     YEAR = {1990}
9543     }
9544    
9545     @ARTICLE{Rothstein1984,
9546     AUTHOR = {L. M. Rothstein},
9547     TITLE = {{A model of the equatorial sea surface temperature field and
9548     associated circulation dynamics}},
9549     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9550     VOLUME = {14},
9551     PAGES = {1875-1892},
9552     YEAR = {1984}
9553     }
9554    
9555     @ARTICLE{Ruiz-Barradas:etal1999,
9556     AUTHOR = {A. Ruiz-Barradas and J. A. Carton and S. Nigam},
9557     TITLE = {{Structure of interannual-to-decadal climate variability in
9558     the tropical Atlantic sector}},
9559     JOURNAL = jc,
9560     VOLUME = {},
9561     PAGES = {},
9562     YEAR = {1999},
9563     OPTNOTE = {Submitted}
9564     }
9565    
9566     @ARTICLE{Russell:etal1985,
9567     AUTHOR = {G. L. Russell and J. R. Miller and L.-C. Tsang},
9568     TITLE = {{Seasonal oceanic heat transports computed from an
9569     atmospheric model}},
9570     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans},
9571     VOLUME = {9},
9572     PAGES = {253-271},
9573     YEAR = {1985},
9574     OPTNOTE = {}
9575     }
9576    
9577     @ARTICLE{Gregory:Rowntree1990,
9578     AUTHOR = {D. Gregory and P. R. Rowntree},
9579     TITLE = {{A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud
9580     ensemble characteristics and stability-dependent closure}},
9581     JOURNAL = mwr,
9582     VOLUME = {118},
9583     PAGES = {1483-1506},
9584     YEAR = {1990}
9585     }
9586    
9587     @ARTICLE{Sadourny1975,
9588     AUTHOR = {Sadourny, R.},
9589     TITLE = {{ The dynamics of finite-difference models of the shallow water equations}},
9590     JOURNAL = jas,
9591     VOLUME = {32},
9592     PAGES = {680-689},
9593     YEAR = {1975}
9594     }
9595    
9596     @ARTICLE{Salathe:Hartmann1997,
9597     AUTHOR = {Salath\'{e}, E. P. and D. L. Hartmann},
9598     TITLE = {{A trajectory analysis of tropical upper-tropospheric
9599     moisture and convection}},
9600     JOURNAL = jc,
9601     VOLUME = {10},
9602     PAGES = {2533-2547},
9603     YEAR = {1997}
9604     }
9605    
9606     @ARTICLE{Sarachik1978,
9607     AUTHOR = {E. S. Sarachik},
9608     TITLE = {{Tropical sea surface temperature: an interactive
9609     one-dimensional model.}},
9610     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans},
9611     VOLUME = {2},
9612     PAGES = {455-469},
9613     YEAR = {1978}
9614     }
9615    
9616     @ARTICLE{Saravanan:Chang2000,
9617     AUTHOR = {R. Saravanan and P. Chang},
9618     TITLE = {{Interaction between tropical Atlantic variability and El
9619     Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation}},
9620     JOURNAL = jc,
9621     VOLUME = {},
9622     PAGES = {},
9623     YEAR = {2000},
9624     NOTE = {In press}
9625     }
9626    
9627     @ARTICLE{Saravanan:McWilliams1998,
9628     AUTHOR = {R. Saravanan and J. C. McWilliams},
9629     TITLE = {{Advective ocean-atmosphere interaction: An analytical
9630     stochastic model with implications for decadal variability}},
9631     JOURNAL = jc,
9632     VOLUME = {11},
9633     PAGES = {165-188},
9634     YEAR = {1998},
9635     NOTE = {}
9636     }
9637    
9638     @ARTICLE{Sardeshmukh:Held1984,
9639     AUTHOR = {Sardeshmukh, P. D. and I. M. Held},
9640     TITLE = {{The vorticity balance in the tropical upper troposphere of
9641     a general circulation model}},
9642     JOURNAL = jas,
9643     VOLUME = {41},
9644     PAGES = {768-778},
9645     YEAR = {1984}
9646     }
9647    
9648     @INCOLLECTION{Schlesinger:Mitchell1985,
9649     AUTHOR = {Schlesinger, M.E. and J.F.B. Mitchell},
9650     TITLE = {{Model projections of the equilibrium climatic response to increased carbon bioxide.}},
9651     EDITOR = {{U.S. Department of Energy}},
9652     BOOKTITLE = {{M.C. MacCracker and F.M. Luther, eds. Projecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide}},
9653     PAGES = {81-147},
9654     YEAR = {1985},
9655     PUBLISHER = {Washington, D.C. (DOE/ER-0237)}
9656     }
9657    
9658     @ARTICLE{Schneider1977,
9659     AUTHOR = {Schneider, E. K.},
9660     TITLE = {{Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part II: non-linear calculations}},
9661     JOURNAL = jas,
9662     VOLUME = {34},
9663     PAGES = {280-296},
9664     YEAR = {1977}
9665     }
9666    
9667     @ARTICLE{Schneider:Lindzen1977,
9668     AUTHOR = {Schneider, E. K. and R. S. Lindzen},
9669     TITLE = {{Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part I: Linear calculations}},
9670     JOURNAL = jas,
9671     VOLUME = {34},
9672     PAGES = {263-279},
9673     YEAR = {1977}
9674     }
9675    
9676     @ARTICLE{Schopf1983,
9677     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S},
9678     TITLE = {{On equatorial waves and El Ni\~no. II: Effects of air-sea
9679     thermal coupling}},
9680     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9681     VOLUME = {13},
9682     PAGES = {1878-1893},
9683     YEAR = {1983}
9684     }
9685    
9686     @ARTICLE{Schopf:Cane1983,
9687     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S. and Mark A. Cane},
9688     TITLE = {{On equatorial dynamics, mixed-layer physics and sea surface temperature}},
9689     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9690     VOLUME = {13},
9691     PAGES = {917-935},
9692     YEAR = {1983}
9693     }
9694    
9695     @ARTICLE{Schopf:Suarez1988,
9696     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S. and M.J. Suarez},
9697     TITLE = {{Vacillations in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
9698     JOURNAL = jas,
9699     VOLUME = {45},
9700     PAGES = {549-566},
9701     YEAR = {1988}
9702     }
9703    
9704     @ARTICLE{Schopf:Suarez1990,
9705     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S. and M.J. Suarez},
9706     TITLE = {{Ocean wave dynamics and the timescale of ENSO}},
9707     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9708     VOLUME = {20},
9709     PAGES = {629-645},
9710     YEAR = {1990}
9711     }
9712    
9713     @ARTICLE{Schott:etal1998,
9714     AUTHOR = {Schott, F. A. and J. Fischer and L. Stramma},
9715     TITLE = {{Transports and pathways of the upper-layer circulation in
9716     the western tropical Atlantic}},
9717     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9718     VOLUME = {28},
9719     PAGES = {1904-1928},
9720     YEAR = {1998}
9721     }
9722    
9723     @ARTICLE{Schrag:etal1996,
9724     AUTHOR = {Schrag, D. and G. Hampt and D. Murray},
9725     TITLE = {{Pore fluid constraints on the temperature and oxygen
9726     isotopic composition of the glacial ocean}},
9727     JOURNAL = {Science},
9728     VOLUME = {272},
9729     PAGES = {1930-1931},
9730     YEAR = {1996}
9731     }
9732    
9733     @ARTICLE{Schmittner:Clement2000,
9734     AUTHOR = {A. Schmittner and A. C. Clement},
9735     TITLE = {{The response of the thermohaline circulation to
9736     ENSO induced tropical freshwater forcing during the last
9737     glacial-interglacial}},
9738     JOURNAL = {},
9739     VOLUME = {},
9740     NOTE = {Manuscript in preparation},
9741     PAGES = {},
9742     YEAR = {2000}
9743     }
9744    
9745     @ARTICLE{Schmittner:etal2000,
9746     AUTHOR = {A. Schmittner and C. Appenzeller and T. F. Stocker},
9747     TITLE = {{Enhanced Atlantic freshwater export during El Ni\~no}},
9748     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
9749     VOLUME = {},
9750     NOTE = {In press},
9751     PAGES = {},
9752     YEAR = {2000}
9753     }
9754    
9755     @ARTICLE{Schulz:etal1998,
9756     AUTHOR = {H. Schulz and U. von Rad and H. Erienkeuser},
9757     TITLE = {{Correlation between Arabian Sea and Greenland climate
9758     oscillations of the past 110,000 years}},
9759     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9760     VOLUME = {393},
9761     NOTE = {},
9762     PAGES = {54-57},
9763     YEAR = {1998}
9764     }
9765    
9766     @ARTICLE{Schneider:etal2001,
9767     AUTHOR = {N. Schneider and A. J. Miller and D. W. Pierce},
9768     TITLE = {{Anatomy of North Pacific decadal variability}},
9769     JOURNAL = jc,
9770     VOLUME = {},
9771     NOTE = {submitted},
9772     PAGES = {},
9773     YEAR = {2001}
9774     }
9775    
9776     @ARTICLE{Seager1991,
9777     AUTHOR = {Seager, R.},
9778     TITLE = {{A simple model of the climatology and variability of the
9779     low level wind field in the tropics.}},
9780     JOURNAL = jc,
9781     VOLUME = {4},
9782     PAGES = {164-179},
9783     YEAR = {1991}
9784     }
9785    
9786     @ARTICLE{Seager1989,
9787     AUTHOR = {Seager, R.},
9788     TITLE = {{Modeling tropical Pacific sea surface temperature: 1970-1987}},
9789     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9790     VOLUME = {19},
9791     PAGES = {419-434},
9792     YEAR = {1989}
9793     }
9794    
9795     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal1988,
9796     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and S. E. Zebiak and Mark A. Cane},
9797     TITLE = {{A model of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature climatology}},
9798     JOURNAL = jgr,
9799     VOLUME = {93},
9800     PAGES = {1265-1280},
9801     YEAR = {1988}
9802     }
9803    
9804     @ARTICLE{Seager:Zebiak1994,
9805     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and S. E. Zebiak},
9806     TITLE = {{Convective interaction with dynamics in a linear primitive
9807     equation model}},
9808     JOURNAL = jas,
9809     VOLUME = {51},
9810     PAGES = {1307-1331},
9811     YEAR = {1994}
9812     }
9813    
9814     @ARTICLE{Seager:Zebiak1995,
9815     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and S. E. Zebiak},
9816     TITLE = {{Simulation of tropical climate with a linear primitive
9817     equation model}},
9818     JOURNAL = jc,
9819     VOLUME = {8},
9820     PAGES = {2497-2520},
9821     YEAR = {1995}
9822     }
9823    
9824     @ARTICLE{Seager:Zebiak1997,
9825     AUTHOR = {R. Seager and S.E. Zebiak},
9826     TITLE = {{Coupling between clouds, radiation, convection
9827     and surface fluxes in a tropical climate model}},
9828     JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the 22nd conference on hurricanes and
9829     tropical meteorology, May 19-23, 1997.},
9830     PAGES = {563-564},
9831     YEAR = 1997
9832     }
9833    
9834     @ARTICLE{Seager:Blumenthal1994,
9835     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and M. B. Blumenthal},
9836     TITLE = {{Modeling tropical Pacific sea surface temperature with
9837     satellite-derived solar radiative forcing}},
9838     JOURNAL = jc,
9839     VOLUME = {7},
9840     PAGES = {1943-1957},
9841     YEAR = {1994}
9842     }
9843    
9844     @ARTICLE{Seager:Blumenthal1998,
9845     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and M. B. Blumenthal},
9846     TITLE = {{Understanding the global distribution of ocean surface heat flux}},
9847     JOURNAL = jc,
9848     VOLUME = {},
9849     PAGES = {},
9850     NOTE = {Submitted},
9851     YEAR = {1998}
9852     }
9853    
9854     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal1995a,
9855     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and M. B. Blumenthal and Y. Kushnir},
9856     TITLE = {{An advective atmospheric mixed layer model for ocean
9857     modeling purposes: Global simulation of surface heat fluxes}},
9858     JOURNAL = jc,
9859     VOLUME = {8},
9860     PAGES = {1951-1964},
9861     YEAR = {1995}
9862     }
9863    
9864     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal1995b,
9865     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and Y. Kushnir and M. A. Cane},
9866     TITLE = {{On heat flux boundary conditions for ocean models}},
9867     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9868     VOLUME = {25},
9869     NOTE = {},
9870     PAGES = {3219-3230},
9871     YEAR = {1995}
9872     }
9873    
9874     @ARTICLE{Seager:Murtugudde1997,
9875     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and R. Murtugudde},
9876     TITLE = {{Ocean dynamics, thermocline adjustment and regulation of
9877     tropical SST}},
9878     JOURNAL = jc,
9879     VOLUME = {10},
9880     NOTE = {},
9881     PAGES = {521-534},
9882     YEAR = {1997}
9883     }
9884    
9885     @ARTICLE{Seager1996,
9886     AUTHOR = {Seager, R.},
9887     TITLE = {{Generalization of an advective atmospheric mixed layer model for
9888     ocean modeling purposes: Simulation of Southern
9889     Ocean heat fluxes}},
9890     JOURNAL = jc,
9891     VOLUME = {},
9892     NOTE = {submitted},
9893     PAGES = {},
9894     YEAR = {1996}
9895     }
9896    
9897     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal2001,
9898     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and Y. Kushnir and P. Chang and N. Naik and
9899     J. Miller and W. Hazeleger},
9900     TITLE = {{Looking for the role of the ocean in tropical Atlantic
9901     decadal climate variability}},
9902     JOURNAL = jc,
9903     VOLUME = {14},
9904     NOTE = {638-655},
9905     PAGES = {},
9906     YEAR = {2001}
9907     }
9908    
9909     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal2000b,
9910     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and Y. Kushnir and M. Visbeck and N. Naik and
9911     J. Miller and G. Krahmann and H. Cullen},
9912     TITLE = {{Causes of Atlantic Ocean climate variability between 1958
9913     and 1998}},
9914     JOURNAL = jc,
9915     VOLUME = {13},
9916     NOTE = {},
9917     PAGES = {2845-2862},
9918     YEAR = {2000}
9919     }
9920    
9921     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal2000a,
9922     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and A. C. Clement and M. A. Cane},
9923     TITLE = {{Glacial cooling in the tropics: Exploring the roles of
9924     tropospheric water vapor, wind speed and boundary
9925     layer processes}},
9926     JOURNAL = jas,
9927     VOLUME = {57},
9928     NOTE = {},
9929     PAGES = {2144-2157},
9930     YEAR = {2000}
9931     }
9932    
9933     @ARTICLE{Sekine1988,
9934     AUTHOR = {Sekine, Y.},
9935     TITLE = {{Anomalous southward intrusion of the Oyashio east of Japan,
9936     1, Influence of the seasonal and interannual
9937     variations in the wind stress over the North Pacific}},
9938     JOURNAL = jgr,
9939     VOLUME = {93},
9940     PAGES = {2247-2255},
9941     YEAR = {1988}
9942     }
9943    
9944     @ARTICLE{Sekine1999,
9945     AUTHOR = {Sekine, Y.},
9946     TITLE = {{Anomalous southward intrusion of the Oyashio east of Japan,
9947     2, Two layer numerical model}},
9948     JOURNAL = jgr,
9949     VOLUME = {104},
9950     PAGES = {3049-3058},
9951     YEAR = {1999}
9952     }
9953    
9954     @ARTICLE{Sellers:etal1986,
9955     AUTHOR = {Sellers, P. J. and Y. Mintz and Y. C. Sud and A. Dalcher},
9956     TITLE = {{A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general
9957     circulation models}},
9958     JOURNAL = {J. Atmos. Sci},
9959     VOLUME = {43},
9960     PAGES = {505-531},
9961     YEAR = {1986}
9962     }
9963    
9964     @ARTICLE{Sennechael:etal1994,
9965     AUTHOR = {Sennechael, N. and C. Frankignoul and M. A. Cane},
9966     TITLE = {{An adaptive procedure for tuning a sea surface temperature model}},
9967     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9968     VOLUME = {24},
9969     PAGES = {2288-2305},
9970     YEAR = {1994}
9971     }
9972    
9973     @BOOK{Sengupta:etal1988,
9974     AUTHOR = {Sengupta, S. and J. Hauser And P.R. Eiseman and J.F. Thompson},
9975     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation in computational fluid mechanics}},
9976     YEAR = {1988},
9977     PUBLISHER = {{Pineridge Press}}
9978     }
9979    
9980     @ARTICLE{Servain1991,
9981     AUTHOR = {J. Servain},
9982     TITLE = {Simple Climatic Indices for the tropical Atlantic Ocean and some applications.},
9983     JOURNAL = jgr,
9984     YEAR = {1991},
9985     VOLUME = {96},
9986     PAGES = {15137-15146}
9987     }
9988    
9989     @ARTICLE{Servain:Legler1986,
9990     AUTHOR = {Servain, J. and D. M. Legler},
9991     TITLE = {{Empirical orthogonal function analyses of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature and wind stress: 1964-1979}},
9992     JOURNAL = jgr,
9993     VOLUME = 91,
9994     PAGES = {14181-14191},
9995     YEAR = 1986
9996     }
9997    
9998     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1982,
9999     AUTHOR = {J. Servain and J. Picaut and J. Merle},
10000     TITLE = {Evidence of remote forcing in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean.},
10001     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10002     YEAR = {1982},
10003     VOLUME = {12},
10004     OPTNUMBER = {},
10005     PAGES = {457-463},
10006     OPTMONTH = {},
10007     OPTNOTE = {}
10008     }
10009    
10010     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1998,
10011     AUTHOR = {{J. Servain and I. Wainer and J. P. McCreary and
10012     A. Dessier}},
10013     TITLE = {Relationship between the equatorial and meridional
10014     modes of climatic variability in the tropical Atlantic},
10015     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
10016     YEAR = {1998},
10017     VOLUME = {26},
10018     OPTNUMBER = {},
10019     PAGES = {485-488},
10020     OPTMONTH = {},
10021     OPTNOTE = {}
10022     }
10023    
10024     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1986,
10025     AUTHOR = {Servain, J. and M. Seva and S. Lukas and G. Rougier},
10026     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic wind stress and sea surface temperature: 1980-1984}},
10027     JOURNAL = {Antenne ORSTOM, Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale,
10028     University of Hawaii},
10029     YEAR = {1986}
10030     }
10031    
10032     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1987,
10033     AUTHOR = {Servain, J. and M. Seva and S. Lukas and G. Rougier},
10034     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature and wind stress: 1980-1984}},
10035     JOURNAL = {Ocean Air Interact.},
10036     VOLUME = {1},
10037     PAGES = {109-182},
10038     YEAR = 1987
10039     }
10040    
10041     @ARTICLE{Seung1987,
10042     AUTHOR = {Seung, Y.H.},
10043     TITLE = {{A buoyancy flux-driven cyclonic gyre in the Labrador Sea}},
10044     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10045     VOLUME = {17},
10046     PAGES = {134-146},
10047     YEAR = {1987}
10048     }
10049    
10050     @ARTICLE{Sherman:Pinkel1991,
10051     AUTHOR = {Jeffrey T. Sherman and Robert Pinkel},
10052     TITLE = {Estimates of the Vertical Wavenumber-Frequency
10053     Spectra of Vertical Shear and Strain},
10054     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10055     YEAR = 1991,
10056     VOLUME = 21,
10057     NUMBER = 2,
10058     PAGES = {292-303}
10059     }
10060    
10061     @ARTICLE{Shindell:etal1999,
10062     AUTHOR = {D. T. Shindell and R. L. Miller and G. A. Schmidt and
10063     L. Pandolfo},
10064     TITLE = {{Greenhouse gas forcing of Northern Hemisphere winter
10065     climate trends}},
10066     JOURNAL = {Nature},
10067     YEAR = 1999,
10068     VOLUME = {399},
10069     NUMBER = {},
10070     PAGES = {452-455},
10071     NOTE = {}
10072     }
10073    
10074     @ARTICLE{Shine:Sinha1991,
10075     AUTHOR = {K. P. Shine and A. Sinha},
10076     TITLE = {{Sensitivity of the Earth's climate to
10077     height-dependent changes in water vapor mixing ratio}},
10078     JOURNAL = {Nature},
10079     YEAR = 1991,
10080     VOLUME = 354,
10081     PAGES = {382-384}
10082     }
10083    
10084     @INCOLLECTION{Shine:etal1990,
10085     AUTHOR = {Shine, K. P. and R. G. Derwent and D. J. Wuebbles and
10086     J.-J. Morcrette},
10087     TITLE = {{Radiative forcing of climate}},
10088     EDITOR = {},
10089     BOOKTITLE = {{Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment}},
10090     PAGES = {41-68},
10091     YEAR = {1990},
10092     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.}
10093     }
10094    
10095     @ARTICLE{Shukla:Wallace1983,
10096     AUTHOR = {Shukla, J. and J.M. Wallace},
10097     TITLE = {{Numerical} simulation of the atmospheric response to
10098     equaorial {Pacific} sea surface temperature anomalies.},
10099     JOURNAL = {J. Atmos. Sci},
10100     YEAR = {1983},
10101     VOLUME = {40},
10102     OPTNUMBER = {},
10103     PAGES = {1613-1630},
10104     OPTMONTH = {},
10105     OPTNOTE = {}
10106     }
10107    
10108     @ARTICLE{Sirocko:etal1996,
10109     AUTHOR = {F. Sirocko and D. Garbe-Schonberg and A. McIntyre and
10110     B. Molfino},
10111     TITLE = {{Teleconnections between the subtropical monsoons
10112     and high-latitude climates during the last deglaciation}},
10113     JOURNAL = {Science},
10114     YEAR = {1996},
10115     VOLUME = {272},
10116     OPTNUMBER = {},
10117     PAGES = {526-529},
10118     OPTMONTH = {},
10119     OPTNOTE = {}
10120     }
10121    
10122     @ARTICLE{Slingo1987,
10123     AUTHOR = {Slingo, J. M.},
10124     TITLE = {{The development and verification of a cloud
10125     prediction scheme for the ECMWF model}},
10126     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
10127     YEAR = {1987},
10128     VOLUME = {113},
10129     OPTNUMBER = {},
10130     PAGES = {899-927},
10131     OPTMONTH = {},
10132     OPTNOTE = {}
10133     }
10134    
10135     @ARTICLE{Slingo1990,
10136     AUTHOR = {Slingo, A.},
10137     TITLE = {{Sensitivity of the Earth's radiation budget to
10138     changes in low cloud}},
10139     JOURNAL = {Nature},
10140     YEAR = {1990},
10141     VOLUME = {343},
10142     OPTNUMBER = {},
10143     PAGES = {49-51},
10144     OPTMONTH = {},
10145     OPTNOTE = {}
10146     }
10147    
10148     @ARTICLE{Slingo:Slingo1988,
10149     AUTHOR = {A. Slingo and J. M. Slingo},
10150     TITLE = {{The response of a general circulation model to cloud
10151     radiative forcing. I: Introduction and initial experiments}},
10152     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
10153     YEAR = {1988},
10154     VOLUME = {114},
10155     OPTNUMBER = {},
10156     PAGES = {1027-1062},
10157     OPTMONTH = {},
10158     OPTNOTE = {}
10159     }
10160    
10161     @ARTICLE{Slingo:Webb1992,
10162     AUTHOR = {A. Slingo and M. J. Webb},
10163     TITLE = {{Simulation of clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation
10164     over the oceans using operational analyses}},
10165     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
10166     YEAR = {1993},
10167     VOLUME = {118},
10168     OPTNUMBER = {},
10169     PAGES = {1117-1144},
10170     OPTMONTH = {},
10171     OPTNOTE = {}
10172     }
10173    
10174     @ARTICLE{Slingo:etal1994,
10175     AUTHOR = {J. M. Slingo and M. Blackburn and A. K. Betts and R.
10176     Brugge and B. Hoskins and M. J. Miller and L.
10177     Steenman-Clark and J. Thuburn},
10178     TITLE = {{Mean climate and transience in the tropics of the
10179     UGAMP GCM. Part I: Sensitivity to convective parameterization}},
10180     JOURNAL = {{Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.}},
10181     YEAR = {1994},
10182     VOLUME = {120},
10183     PAGES = {881-922}
10184     }
10185    
10186     @ARTICLE{Slingo:etal1996,
10187     AUTHOR = {{Slingo, J. M., K. R. Sperber and 20 others}},
10188     TITLE = {{Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general
10189     circulation models: results from an AMIP diagnosis subproject}},
10190     JOURNAL = {{Clim Dyn.}},
10191     YEAR = {1996},
10192     VOLUME = {12},
10193     PAGES = {325-357}
10194     }
10195    
10196     @ARTICLE{Smagorinsky1953,
10197     AUTHOR = {Smagorinsky, J.},
10198     TITLE = {{The dynamical influence of large-scale heat sources and sinks on the quasi-stationary mean motions of the atmosphere}},
10199     JOURNAL = {Q. J. Royal. Meteor. Soc.},
10200     YEAR = {1953},
10201     VOLUME = {79},
10202     OPTNUMBER = {},
10203     PAGES = {342-366},
10204     OPTMONTH = {},
10205     OPTNOTE = {}
10206     }
10207    
10208     @ARTICLE{Smagorinsky1963,
10209     AUTHOR = {Smagorinsky, J.},
10210     TITLE = {General circulation experiments with the primitive
10211     equations: I. The basic experiment.},
10212     JOURNAL = mwr,
10213     YEAR = {1963},
10214     VOLUME = {91},
10215     OPTNUMBER = {},
10216     PAGES = {99-164},
10217     OPTMONTH = {},
10218     OPTNOTE = {}
10219     }
10220    
10221     @ARTICLE{Soden1997,
10222     AUTHOR = {Soden, B. J.},
10223     TITLE = {{Variations in the tropical greenhouse effect during
10224     El Ni\~no}},
10225     JOURNAL = jc,
10226     YEAR = {1997},
10227     VOLUME = {10},
10228     OPTNUMBER = {},
10229     PAGES = {1050-1055},
10230     OPTMONTH = {},
10231     OPTNOTE = {}
10232     }
10233    
10234     @INCOLLECTION{Sommeria1988,
10235     AUTHOR = {Sommeria, G.},
10236     TITLE = {{Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer in large
10237     scale atmospheric models}},
10238     EDITOR = {M. Schlesinger},
10239     BOOKTITLE = {{Physically-based modeling and simulation of climate and
10240     climate change}},
10241     PAGES = {331-375},
10242     YEAR = {1988},
10243     PUBLISHER = {D. Reidel, Hingham, Mass.}
10244     }
10245    
10246     @ARTICLE{Soong:Ogura1980,
10247     AUTHOR = {S.-T. Soong and Y. Ogura},
10248     TITLE = {{Response of trade wind cumuli to large scale processes}},
10249     JOURNAL = {J. Atmos. Sci},
10250     YEAR = {1980},
10251     VOLUME = {37},
10252     OPTNUMBER = {},
10253     PAGES = {2035-2050},
10254     OPTMONTH = {},
10255     OPTNOTE = {}
10256     }
10257    
10258     @BOOK{Sorenson:Steger1977,
10259     AUTHOR = {Sorenson, R.L. and J.L. Steger},
10260     TITLE = {{Simplified clustering of nonorthogonal grids generated by elliptic partial differential equations}},
10261     YEAR = {1977},
10262     PUBLISHER = {{NASA TM-73252}}
10263     }
10264    
10265     @ARTICLE{Spencer1993,
10266     AUTHOR = {Spencer, R. W.},
10267     TITLE = {{Global oceanic precipitation from the MSU during
10268     1979-91 and comparisons to other climatologies}},
10269     JOURNAL = jc,
10270     YEAR = {1993},
10271     VOLUME = {6},
10272     OPTNUMBER = {},
10273     PAGES = {1301-1326},
10274     OPTMONTH = {},
10275     OPTNOTE = {}
10276     }
10277    
10278     @ARTICLE{Spero:etal1997,
10279     AUTHOR = {Spero, H. and J. Bijma and D. Lea and B. Bemis},
10280     TITLE = {{Effect of seawater carbonate concentration on
10281     foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotopes}},
10282     JOURNAL = {Nature},
10283     YEAR = {1997},
10284     VOLUME = {390},
10285     OPTNUMBER = {},
10286     PAGES = {497-500},
10287     OPTMONTH = {},
10288     OPTNOTE = {}
10289     }
10290    
10291     @ARTICLE{Stephens1978,
10292     AUTHOR = {Stephens, G. L.},
10293     TITLE = {{Radiation profiles in extended water clouds. II:
10294     Parameterization schemes}},
10295     JOURNAL = jas,
10296     YEAR = {1978},
10297     VOLUME = {35},
10298     OPTNUMBER = {},
10299     PAGES = {2123-2132},
10300     OPTMONTH = {},
10301     OPTNOTE = {}
10302     }
10303    
10304     @ARTICLE{Stephens:Webster1979,
10305     AUTHOR = {Stephens, G. L. and P. J. Webster},
10306     TITLE = {Sensitivity of radiative forcing to variable cloud
10307     and moisture},
10308     JOURNAL = jas,
10309     YEAR = {1979},
10310     VOLUME = {36},
10311     OPTNUMBER = {},
10312     PAGES = {1542-1556},
10313     OPTMONTH = {},
10314     OPTNOTE = {}
10315     }
10316    
10317     @ARTICLE{Stommel1948,
10318     AUTHOR = {H. M. Stommel},
10319     TITLE = {The westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents},
10320     JOURNAL = {Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union},
10321     YEAR = {1948},
10322     VOLUME = {29},
10323     OPTNUMBER = {},
10324     PAGES = {202-206},
10325     OPTMONTH = {},
10326     OPTNOTE = {}
10327     }
10328    
10329     @ARTICLE{Stone:Carlson1979,
10330     AUTHOR = {P. H. Stone and J. H. Carlson},
10331     TITLE = {Atmospheric lapse rate regimes and their parameterization},
10332     JOURNAL = jas,
10333     YEAR = {1979},
10334     VOLUME = {36},
10335     OPTNUMBER = {},
10336     PAGES = {415-423},
10337     OPTMONTH = {},
10338     OPTNOTE = {}
10339     }
10340    
10341     @TECHREPORT{Storch:etal1987,
10342     AUTHOR = {Hans von Storch and Thomas Bruns and Irene
10343     Fischer-Bruns and Klaus Hasselmann},
10344     TITLE = {{Principal Oscillation Pattern} analysis of the 30-60
10345     day oscillation in a {GCM} equatorial troposphere},
10346     INSTITUTION = {{Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Meteorologie}},
10347     YEAR = {1987},
10348     OPTTYPE = {},
10349     NUMBER = {7},
10350     OPTADDRESS = {},
10351     PAGES = 44,
10352     MONTH = {August},
10353     OPTNOTE = {}
10354     }
10355    
10356     @ARTICLE{Storch:etal1988,
10357     AUTHOR = {Hans von Storch and Thomas Bruns and Irene
10358     Fischer-Bruns and Klaus Hasselmann},
10359     TITLE = {{Principal Oscillation Pattern} analysis of the 30-60
10360     day oscillation in a {GCM} equatorial troposphere},
10361     JOURNAL = jgr,
10362     YEAR = {1988},
10363     VOLUME = {93},
10364     OPTNUMBER = {},
10365     OPTPAGES = {11015-11021},
10366     OPTMONTH = {},
10367     OPTNOTE = {}
10368     }
10369    
10370     @BOOK{Strang1988,
10371     AUTHOR = {Gilbert Strang},
10372     TITLE = {Linear algebra and its applications},
10373     PUBLISHER = {Harcourt, Brace, and Jovanovitch},
10374     YEAR = {1988},
10375     PAGES = 505,
10376     OPTEDITOR = {},
10377     OPTVOLUME = {},
10378     OPTSERIES = {},
10379     OPTADDRESS = {},
10380     OPTEDITION = {},
10381     OPTMONTH = {},
10382     OPTNOTE = {}
10383     }
10384    
10385     @ARTICLE{Stute:etal1995,
10386     AUTHOR = {Stute, M. and M. Forster and H. Frischkorn and A. Serejo
10387     and J. F. Clark and P. Schlosser and W. S. Broecker
10388     and G. Bonani},
10389     TITLE = {{Cooling of tropical Brazil during the last glacial maximum}},
10390     JOURNAL = {Science},
10391     VOLUME = {269},
10392     PAGES = {379-383},
10393     YEAR = {1995}
10394     }
10395    
10396     @ARTICLE{Suarez:etal1983,
10397     AUTHOR = {Suarez, M. J. and A. Arakawa and D. A. Randall},
10398     TITLE = {{The parameterization of the planetary boundary layer in the
10399     UCLA general circulation model: Formulation and results}},
10400     JOURNAL = mwr,
10401     VOLUME = {111},
10402     PAGES = {2224-2243},
10403     YEAR = {1983}
10404     }
10405    
10406     @ARTICLE{Suarez:Schopf1988,
10407     AUTHOR = {Suarez, M. J. and P. S. Schopf},
10408     TITLE = {{A delayed action oscillator for ENSO}},
10409     JOURNAL = jas,
10410     VOLUME = {45},
10411     PAGES = {3283-7},
10412     YEAR = {1988}
10413     }
10414    
10415     @ARTICLE{Sud:Molod1988,
10416     AUTHOR = {Y. Sud and A. Molod},
10417     TITLE = {{The roles of dry convection, cloud-radiation feedback
10418     processes and the influence of recent improvements in
10419     the parameterization of convection in the GLA GCM}},
10420     JOURNAL = mwr,
10421     VOLUME = {116},
10422     PAGES = {2366-2387},
10423     YEAR = {1988}
10424     }
10425    
10426     @ARTICLE{Sud:etal1992,
10427     AUTHOR = {Y. Sud and W. C. Chao and G. K. Walker},
10428     TITLE = {{Role of a cumulus parameterization scheme in simulating
10429     atmospheric circulation and rainfall in the
10430     nine-layer Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres
10431     general circulation model}},
10432     JOURNAL = mwr,
10433     VOLUME = {120},
10434     PAGES = {594-611},
10435     YEAR = {1992}
10436     }
10437    
10438     @ARTICLE{Sui:Lau1989,
10439     AUTHOR = {Sui, C-H and K-M Lau},
10440     TITLE = {{Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations in the
10441     tropical atmosphere. Part II: Structure and
10442     propagation of mobile wave-CISK modes and their
10443     modification by lower boundary forcings }},
10444     JOURNAL = jas,
10445     VOLUME = {46},
10446     PAGES = {37-56},
10447     YEAR = {1989}
10448     }
10449    
10450     @ARTICLE{Sun:Lindzen1993b,
10451     AUTHOR = {Sun, D.-Z. and R. S. Lindzen},
10452     TITLE = {{Water vapor feedback and the ice age snowline record}},
10453     JOURNAL = {Ann. Geophysicae},
10454     VOLUME = {11},
10455     PAGES = {204-215},
10456     YEAR = {1993}
10457     }
10458    
10459     @ARTICLE{Sun:Lindzen1993a,
10460     AUTHOR = {Sun, D.-Z. and R. S. Lindzen},
10461     TITLE = {{Distribution of tropical tropospheric water vapor }},
10462     JOURNAL = jas,
10463     VOLUME = {50},
10464     PAGES = {1644-1660},
10465     YEAR = {1993}
10466     }
10467    
10468     @ARTICLE{Sun:Liu1996,
10469     AUTHOR = {Sun, D.-Z. and Z. Liu},
10470     TITLE = {{Dynamic ocean-atmosphere coupling: a thermostat for the tropics}},
10471     JOURNAL = {Science},
10472     VOLUME = {272},
10473     PAGES = {1148-1150},
10474     YEAR = {1996}
10475     }
10476    
10477     @ARTICLE{Sun:Oort1995,
10478     AUTHOR = {Sun, D.-Z. and A. H. Oort},
10479     TITLE = {{Humidity-temperature relationships in the tropical troposphere}},
10480     JOURNAL = jc,
10481     VOLUME = {8},
10482     PAGES = {1974-1987},
10483     YEAR = {1995}
10484     }
10485    
10486     @ARTICLE{Sun:Held1996,
10487     AUTHOR = {Sun, D.-Z. and I. H. Held},
10488     TITLE = {{A comparison of modeled and observed relationships between
10489     interannual variations of water vapor and
10490     temperature}},
10491     JOURNAL = jc,
10492     VOLUME = {9},
10493     PAGES = {665-675},
10494     YEAR = {1996}
10495     }
10496    
10497     @TECHREPORT{Suttles:Ohring1986,
10498     AUTHOR = {J. T. Suttles and G. Ohring},
10499     TITLE = {{Report of the workshop on surface radiation budget for
10500     cliamte applications}},
10501     INSTITUTION = {{World Meteorological Organization}},
10502     NUMBER = {WCP-115},
10503     PAGES = {144},
10504     YEAR = {1986}
10505     }
10506    
10507     @ARTICLE{Sutton:Allen1997,
10508     AUTHOR = {R. T. Sutton and M. R. Allen},
10509     TITLE = {{Decadal predictability in North Atlantic sea surface
10510     temperature and climate}},
10511     JOURNAL = {Nature},
10512     VOLUME = {},
10513     PAGES = {},
10514     NOTE = {In press},
10515     YEAR = {1997}
10516     }
10517    
10518     @ARTICLE{Sutton:etal1999,
10519     AUTHOR = {R. T. Sutton and S. P. Jewson and D. P. Rowell},
10520     TITLE = {{The elements of climate variability in the tropical
10521     Atlantic region}},
10522     JOURNAL = jc,
10523     VOLUME = {},
10524     PAGES = {},
10525     NOTE = {submitted},
10526     YEAR = {1999}
10527     }
10528    
10529     @ARTICLE{Sverdrup1947,
10530     AUTHOR = {H. U. Sverdrup},
10531     TITLE = {{Wind-driven currents in a baroclinic ocean; with
10532     appplication to the equatorial currents of the
10533     eastern Pacific}},
10534     JOURNAL = {Proc. National Acad. Sci.},
10535     VOLUME = {33},
10536     PAGES = {318-326},
10537     NOTE = {},
10538     YEAR = {1947
10539     }
10540     }
10541    
10542     @ARTICLE{Swanson:Pierrehumbert1997,
10543     AUTHOR = {K. L. Swanson and R. T. Pierrehumbert},
10544     TITLE = {{Lower tropospheric heat transport in the Pacific storm track}},
10545     JOURNAL = jas,
10546     VOLUME = {54},
10547     PAGES = {1533-1543},
10548     YEAR = {1997}
10549     }
10550    
10551     @ARTICLE{Swinbank:etal1988,
10552     AUTHOR = {R. Swinbank and T. N. Palmer and M. K. Davey},
10553     TITLE = {{Numerical simulations of the Madden and Julian Oscillation}},
10554     JOURNAL = jas,
10555     VOLUME = {45},
10556     PAGES = {774-788},
10557     YEAR = {1988}
10558     }
10559    
10560     @ARTICLE{Talley:Raymer1982,
10561     AUTHOR = {Talley, L.D. and M.E. Raymer},
10562     TITLE = {{Eighteen degree water variability}},
10563     JOURNAL = jmr,
10564     VOLUME = {49Suppl},
10565     PAGES = {755-775},
10566     YEAR = {1982}
10567     }
10568    
10569     @ARTICLE{Tang:Cane1991,
10570     AUTHOR = {{Tang, B-Y. and M.A. Cane}},
10571     TITLE = {{Estimation of EOF structures from gappy data set}},
10572     JOURNAL = {},
10573     VOLUME = {in preparation},
10574     YEAR = {1991}
10575     }
10576    
10577     @ARTICLE{Tanimoto:etal1997,
10578     AUTHOR = {{Tanimoto, Y. and N. Iwasaka and K. Hanawa}},
10579     TITLE = {{Relationships between sea surface temperature, the
10580     atmospheric circulation and air-sea fluxes on
10581     multiple timescales}},
10582     JOURNAL = {J. Meteor. Soc. Japan},
10583     VOLUME = {75},
10584     PAGES = {831-849},
10585     YEAR = {1997}
10586     }
10587    
10588     @BOOK{Tarantola1981,
10589     AUTHOR = {Tarantola, A.},
10590     TITLE = {{Inverse problem theory}},
10591     PAGES = {613},
10592     YEAR = {1981},
10593     PUBLISHER = {{Elsevier}}
10594     }
10595    
10596     @ARTICLE{Taylor1983,
10597     AUTHOR = {Taylor, A.H.},
10598     TITLE = {{Fluctuations in the sea surface temperature and surface salinity of the northeast Atlantic at frequencies of one cycle per year and below}},
10599     JOURNAL = {J. Climate.},
10600     VOLUME = {3},
10601     PAGES = {253-269},
10602     YEAR = {1983}
10603     }
10604    
10605     @ARTICLE{Taylor:Stephens1980,
10606     AUTHOR = {Taylor, A.H. and J.A. Stephens},
10607     TITLE = {{Seasonal and year-to-year variations in surface salinity at the nine North Atlantic ocean weather stations}},
10608     JOURNAL = {Oceanol. Acta.},
10609     VOLUME = {3},
10610     PAGES = {421-430},
10611     YEAR = {1980}
10612     }
10613    
10614     @ARTICLE{Taylor:Stephens1998,
10615     AUTHOR = {Taylor, A.H. and J.A. Stephens},
10616     TITLE = {{The North Atlantic Oscillation and the latitude of the Gulf
10617     Stream}},
10618     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
10619     VOLUME = {50A},
10620     PAGES = {134-142},
10621     YEAR = {1998}
10622     }
10623    
10624     @ARTICLE{Temperton1984,
10625     AUTHOR = {Temperton, C.},
10626     TITLE = {{Orthogonal vertical normal modes for a multilevel model}},
10627     JOURNAL = mwr,
10628     VOLUME = {112},
10629     PAGES = {503-509},
10630     YEAR = {1984}
10631     }
10632    
10633     @ARTICLE{Temperton:Williamson1981,
10634     AUTHOR = {C. Temperton and D. L. Williamson},
10635     TITLE = {{Normal mode initialization for a multilevel grid-point
10636     model. Part I: Linear aspects}},
10637     JOURNAL = mwr,
10638     VOLUME = {109},
10639     PAGES = {729-743},
10640     YEAR = {1981}
10641     }
10642    
10643     @ARTICLE{Tennekes1973,
10644     AUTHOR = {H. Tennekes},
10645     TITLE = {{A model for the dynamics of the inversion above a
10646     convective boundary layer}},
10647     JOURNAL = jas,
10648     VOLUME = {30},
10649     PAGES = {558-567},
10650     YEAR = {1973}
10651     }
10652    
10653     @ARTICLE{Tett1995,
10654     AUTHOR = {S. Tett},
10655     TITLE = {{Simulation of El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation-like
10656     variability in a global AOGCM and its response to
10657     $CO_2$ increase}},
10658     JOURNAL = jc,
10659     VOLUME = {8},
10660     PAGES = {1473-1502},
10661     YEAR = {1995}
10662     }
10663    
10664     @UNPUBLISHED{Thiria:etal1990,
10665     AUTHOR = {Thiria, S. and Badran, F. and Crepon, M.},
10666     TITLE = {Wind Ambiguity removal by the use of neural network techniques},
10667     NOTE = {},
10668     YEAR = {1990},
10669     OPTMONTH = {}
10670     }
10671    
10672     @INCOLLECTION{Thomas1982,
10673     AUTHOR = {Thomas, P.D.},
10674     TITLE = {{Numerical generation of composite three-dimensional grids by quasihnear elliptic systems.}},
10675     EDITOR = {P.D. Thomas},
10676     BOOKTITLE = {{Numerical grid generation}},
10677     PAGES = {667-686},
10678     YEAR = {1982},
10679     PUBLISHER = {North-Holland}
10680     }
10681    
10682     @BOOK{Thompson1986,
10683     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F.},
10684     TITLE = {{A survey of composite grid generation for general three-dimensional regions}},
10685     YEAR = {1986},
10686     PUBLISHER = {{AIAA}}
10687     }
10688    
10689     @INCOLLECTION{Thompson1988,
10690     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F.},
10691     TITLE = {{Some current trends in numerical grid generation.}},
10692     BOOKTITLE = {{Numerical methods of fluid dynamics, 111}},
10693     PAGES = {87-100},
10694     YEAR = {1988},
10695     PUBLISHER = {Oxford, England}
10696     }
10697    
10698     @BOOK{Thompson:etal,
10699     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F. and Z.V.A. Warsi and C.W. Martin},
10700     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation-fundamentals and applications}},
10701     YEAR = {},
10702     PUBLISHER = {{North-Holland}}
10703     }
10704    
10705     @ARTICLE{Thompson:etal1982,
10706     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F. and Z.V.A. Warsi and C.W. Martin},
10707     TITLE = {{Boundary-fitted co-ordinate systems for numerical soultion of partial differential equations - a review}},
10708     JOURNAL = {J. Comp. Phys.},
10709     VOLUME = {47},
10710     PAGES = {1-108},
10711     YEAR = {1982}
10712     }
10713    
10714     @ARTICLE{Thompson:etal1995,
10715     AUTHOR = {Thompson, L. E. and E. Mosley-Thompson and M. E. Davis and
10716     P. N. Lik and K. A. Henderson and J. Cole-Dai and
10717     J. F. Bolzan and K. B. Liu},
10718     TITLE = {{Late glacial stage and Holocene tropical ice core records
10719     from Huascaran, Peru.}},
10720     JOURNAL = {Science},
10721     VOLUME = {269},
10722     PAGES = {46-50},
10723     YEAR = {1995}
10724     }
10725    
10726     @ARTICLE{Thompson:Warren1982,
10727     AUTHOR = {Thompson, S. L. and S. G. Warren},
10728     TITLE = {{Parameterization of outgoing infrared radiation derived
10729     from detailed radiative calculations}},
10730     JOURNAL = jas,
10731     VOLUME = {39},
10732     PAGES = {2667-2680},
10733     YEAR = {1982}
10734     }
10735    
10736     @ARTICLE{Thompson:Wallace1999,
10737     AUTHOR = {Thompson, D. W. J. and J. M. Wallace},
10738     TITLE = {{Annular modes in the extratropical circulation: Part I:
10739     Month-to-month variability}},
10740     JOURNAL = jc,
10741     VOLUME = {},
10742     PAGES = {},
10743     YEAR = {1999},
10744     NOTE = {In press.}
10745     }
10746    
10747     @INCOLLECTION{Tiedtke1988,
10748     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M},
10749     TITLE = {{Parameterization of cumulus convection in large scale models}},
10750     EDITOR = {M. Schlesinger},
10751     BOOKTITLE = {{Physically-based modeling and simulation of climate and
10752     climate change}},
10753     PAGES = {375-431},
10754     YEAR = {1988},
10755     PUBLISHER = {D. Reidel, Hingham, Mass.}
10756     }
10757    
10758     @ARTICLE{Tiedtke:etal1988,
10759     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M. and W. A. Heckley and J. Slingo},
10760     TITLE = {{Tropical forecasting at ECMWF: The influence of physical
10761     parameterization on the mean structure of forecasts
10762     and analyses}},
10763     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
10764     VOLUME = {114},
10765     PAGES = {639-664},
10766     YEAR = {1988}
10767     }
10768    
10769     @ARTICLE{Tiedtke1989,
10770     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M.},
10771     TITLE = {{A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus
10772     parameterization in large-scale models}},
10773     JOURNAL = mwr,
10774     VOLUME = {117},
10775     PAGES = {1779-1800},
10776     YEAR = {1989}
10777     }
10778    
10779     @ARTICLE{Tiedtke1993,
10780     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M.},
10781     TITLE = {{Representation of clouds in large-scale models}},
10782     JOURNAL = mwr,
10783     VOLUME = {121},
10784     PAGES = {3040-3061},
10785     YEAR = {1993}
10786     }
10787    
10788     @INCOLLECTION{Tourre:Cardone1984,
10789     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and V.J. Cardone},
10790     TITLE = {{Evaluation of ECMWF surface winds in tropical Atlantic during SEQUAL/FOCAL first year.}},
10791     BOOKTITLE = {{Paper presented at Fall Meeting of American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 3 to Dec. 7, 1984}},
10792     YEAR = {},
10793     PUBLISHER = {}
10794     }
10795    
10796     @ARTICLE{Tourre:etal1989,
10797     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and J. Merle and Y. Quilfen},
10798     TITLE = {{Sea level pressure variability and warm events in the tropical Atlantic Ocean}},
10799     JOURNAL = jc,
10800     PAGES = {(sumbitted)},
10801     YEAR = {1989}
10802     }
10803    
10804     @ARTICLE{Tourre:etal1999a,
10805     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and B. Rajagopolan and Y. Kushnir},
10806     TITLE = {{Dominant patterns of climate variability in the Atlantic
10807     Ocean during the last 136 Years}},
10808     JOURNAL = jc,
10809     VOLUME = {12},
10810     PAGES = {2285-2299},
10811     YEAR = {1999},
10812     NOTE = {}
10813     }
10814    
10815     @ARTICLE{Tourre:etal1999b,
10816     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and Y. Kushnir and W. B. White},
10817     TITLE = {{Evolution of interdecadal variability in sea level
10818     pressure, sea surface temperature, and upper ocean
10819     temperature over the Pacific Ocean}},
10820     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10821     PAGES = {1528-1541},
10822     YEAR = {1999},
10823     NOTE = {}
10824     }
10825    
10826     @TECHREPORT{Trenberth1992,
10827     AUTHOR = {K. E. Trenberth},
10828     TITLE = {{Global analyses from ECMWF and Atlas of 1000 to 10
10829     mb Circulation Statistics}},
10830     INSTITUTION = {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
10831     YEAR = 1992,
10832     NUMBER = {NCAR/TN-373+STR},
10833     PAGES = 191,
10834     ADDRESS = {Boulder, Colorado, 191pp}
10835     }
10836    
10837     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:etal1988,
10838     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and G.W. Branstator and P.A. Arkin},
10839     TITLE = {Origins of the 1988 North American drought},
10840     JOURNAL = {Sci},
10841     YEAR = {1988},
10842     VOLUME = {242},
10843     OPTNUMBER = {},
10844     PAGES = {1640-1645},
10845     OPTMONTH = {},
10846     OPTNOTE = {}
10847     }
10848    
10849     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:etal2001,
10850     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and J. M. Caron and D. P. Stepaniak},
10851     TITLE = {The atmospheric energy budget and implications for
10852     surface fluxes and ocean heat transports},
10853     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
10854     YEAR = {2001},
10855     VOLUME = {},
10856     OPTNUMBER = {},
10857     PAGES = {},
10858     OPTMONTH = {},
10859     NOTE = {submitted}
10860     }
10861    
10862     @ARTICLE{Trenberth1991,
10863     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E.},
10864     TITLE = {{Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere}},
10865     JOURNAL = jas,
10866     YEAR = {1991},
10867     VOLUME = {48},
10868     OPTNUMBER = {},
10869     PAGES = {2159-2178},
10870     OPTMONTH = {},
10871     OPTNOTE = {}
10872     }
10873    
10874     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:Hurrell1994,
10875     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and J. W. Hurrell},
10876     TITLE = {{Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific}},
10877     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
10878     YEAR = {1994},
10879     VOLUME = {9},
10880     OPTNUMBER = {},
10881     PAGES = {303-319},
10882     OPTMONTH = {},
10883     OPTNOTE = {}
10884     }
10885    
10886     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:Hoar1996,
10887     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and T. J. Hoar},
10888     TITLE = {{The 1990-1995 El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation event:
10889     Longest on record}},
10890     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
10891     YEAR = {1996},
10892     VOLUME = {},
10893     OPTNUMBER = {},
10894     PAGES = {},
10895     OPTMONTH = {},
10896     NOTE = {submitted}
10897     }
10898    
10899     @ARTICLE{Troehn:Mahrt1986,
10900     AUTHOR = {Troehn, I. and L. Mahrt},
10901     TITLE = {A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer;
10902     sensitivity to surface evaporation},
10903     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer Meteor.},
10904     YEAR = {1986},
10905     VOLUME = {37},
10906     OPTNUMBER = {},
10907     PAGES = {129-148},
10908     OPTMONTH = {},
10909     OPTNOTE = {}
10910     }
10911    
10912     @ARTICLE{Tziperman:etal1994a,
10913     AUTHOR = {Tziperman, E. and J. R. Toggweiler and Y. Feliks and
10914     K. Bryan},
10915     TITLE = {Instability of the thermohaline circulation with
10916     respect to mixed boundary conditions: Is it really a
10917     problem for realistic models?},
10918     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10919     YEAR = {1994},
10920     VOLUME = {24},
10921     OPTNUMBER = {},
10922     PAGES = {217-232},
10923     OPTMONTH = {},
10924     OPTNOTE = {}
10925     }
10926    
10927     @ARTICLE{Tziperman:etal1994b,
10928     AUTHOR = {Tziperman, E. and M. A. Cane and S. E. Zebiak},
10929     TITLE = {Irregularity and locking to the seasonal cycle in an
10930     ENSO prediction model as explained by the
10931     quasi-periodicity route to chaos},
10932     JOURNAL = jas,
10933     YEAR = {1994},
10934     VOLUME = {52},
10935     OPTNUMBER = {},
10936     PAGES = {293-306},
10937     OPTMONTH = {},
10938     OPTNOTE = {}
10939     }
10940    
10941     @ARTICLE{Tziperman1997,
10942     AUTHOR = {Tziperman, E.},
10943     TITLE = {Inherently unstable climate behavior due to weak
10944     thermohaline circulation},
10945     JOURNAL = {Nature},
10946     YEAR = {1997},
10947     VOLUME = {386},
10948     OPTNUMBER = {},
10949     PAGES = {592-595},
10950     OPTMONTH = {},
10951     OPTNOTE = {}
10952     }
10953    
10954     @ARTICLE{Vallis1986,
10955     AUTHOR = {Vallis, G.K.},
10956     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no: A chaotic dynamical system}},
10957     JOURNAL = {Science},
10958     VOLUME = {232},
10959     PAGES = {243-245},
10960     YEAR = {1986}
10961     }
10962    
10963     @ARTICLE{Valdes:Hoskins1989,
10964     AUTHOR = {Valdes, P.J. and B. J. Hoskins},
10965     TITLE = {{Linear stationary wave simulations of the time-mean
10966     climatological flow}},
10967     JOURNAL = jas,
10968     VOLUME = {46},
10969     PAGES = {2509-2527},
10970     YEAR = {1989}
10971     }
10972    
10973     @ARTICLE{Vallis1988,
10974     AUTHOR = {Vallis, G.K.},
10975     TITLE = {{Conceptual models of El Ni\~no and the Southern Oscillation}},
10976     JOURNAL = jgr,
10977     VOLUME = {11},
10978     PAGES = {979-991},
10979     YEAR = {1988}
10980     }
10981    
10982     @ARTICLE{VanLoon:Rogers1978a,
10983     AUTHOR = {H. van Loon and J. C. Rogers},
10984     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and
10985     Northern Europe. Part I: General description}},
10986     JOURNAL = mwr,
10987     VOLUME = {106},
10988     PAGES = {296-310},
10989     YEAR = {1978}
10990     }
10991    
10992     @ARTICLE{vanLoon:Rogers1978b,
10993     AUTHOR = {van Loon, H. and J.C. Rogers},
10994     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and
10995     northern Europe. Part I: Winter}},
10996     JOURNAL = mwr,
10997     VOLUME = 104,
10998     PAGES = {365-380},
10999     YEAR = 1978
11000     }
11001    
11002     @ARTICLE{Venegas:etal1997,
11003     AUTHOR = {S. A. Venegas and L. A. Mysak and D. N. Straub},
11004     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-ocean coupled variability in the South Atlantic}},
11005     JOURNAL = jc,
11006     VOLUME = {10},
11007     PAGES = {2904-2920},
11008     YEAR = {1997}
11009     }
11010    
11011     @ARTICLE{Venegas:etal1998,
11012     AUTHOR = {S. A. Venegas and L. A. Mysak and D. N. Straub},
11013     TITLE = {{An interdecadal climate cycle in the South Atlantic and its links to
11014     other ocean basins}},
11015     JOURNAL = {J. Geophys. Res. },
11016     VOLUME = {103},
11017     PAGES = {24723-24736},
11018     YEAR = {1998}
11019     }
11020    
11021     @ARTICLE{Venzke:etal2000,
11022     AUTHOR = {S. Venzke and M. Munnich and M. Latif},
11023     TITLE = {{On the predictability of decadal changes in the North Pacific}},
11024     JOURNAL = {Clim Dyn.},
11025     VOLUME = {16},
11026     PAGES = {379-392},
11027     YEAR = {2000}
11028     }
11029    
11030     @ARTICLE{Veronis1973,
11031     AUTHOR = {George Veronis},
11032     TITLE = {{Model of world ocean circulation: 1. Wind-driven,
11033     two layer}},
11034     JOURNAL = {J. Marine Res.},
11035     YEAR = {1973},
11036     VOLUME = {31},
11037     OPTNUMBER = {},
11038     PAGES = {228-288},
11039     OPTMONTH = {},
11040     OPTNOTE = {}
11041     }
11042    
11043     @ARTICLE{Visbeck:etal1997,
11044     AUTHOR = {M. Visbeck and J. C. Marshall and T. Haine and M. Spall},
11045     TITLE = {Specification of eddy transfer coefficients in coarse
11046     resolution ocean circulation models},
11047     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11048     YEAR = 1997,
11049     VOLUME = 27,
11050     PAGES = {381-402}
11051     }
11052    
11053     @ARTICLE{Visbeck:etal1998,
11054     AUTHOR = {M. Visbeck and H. Cullen and G. Krahmann and N. Naik},
11055     TITLE = {{An ocean model's response to North Atlantic
11056     Oscillation-like wind forcing}},
11057     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
11058     YEAR = 1998,
11059     VOLUME = 25,
11060     PAGES = {4521-4524}
11061     }
11062    
11063     @ARTICLE{Vihma1995,
11064     AUTHOR = {T. Vihma},
11065     TITLE = {Subgrid parameterization of surface heat and momentum
11066     fluxes over polar oceans},
11067     JOURNAL = jgr,
11068     YEAR = 1995,
11069     VOLUME = 100,
11070     PAGES = {22613-22624}
11071     }
11072    
11073     @ARTICLE{Viswanadham1981,
11074     AUTHOR = {Y. Viswanadham},
11075     TITLE = {The Relationship between Total Precipitable Water and
11076     Surface Dew Point},
11077     JOURNAL = {J. Appl. Meteorol.},
11078     YEAR = 1981,
11079     VOLUME = 20,
11080     PAGES = {3-8}
11081     }
11082    
11083     @ARTICLE{Voorhis:etal1984,
11084     AUTHOR = {Voorhis, A. and J. R. Luyten And G. Needell and J. Thomson},
11085     TITLE = {{Wind-forced variability of upper ocean dynamics in the central equatorial Pacific during PEQUOD}},
11086     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11087     VOLUME = {14},
11088     PAGES = {615-622},
11089     YEAR = {1984}
11090     }
11091    
11092     @ARTICLE{Wacongne1989,
11093     AUTHOR = {Wacongne, S.},
11094     TITLE = {{Dynamical regimes of a fully nonlinear stratified model of the Atlantic equatorial undercurrent}},
11095     JOURNAL = jgr,
11096     VOLUME = {94},
11097     PAGES = {4801-4815},
11098     YEAR = {1989}
11099     }
11100    
11101     @ARTICLE{Wagner:daSilva1993,
11102     AUTHOR = {R. G. Wagner and A.M. da Silva.},
11103     TITLE = {Surface conditions associated with anomalous rainfall
11104     in the Guinea costal region},
11105     JOURNAL = {Int. J. Climatol.},
11106     YEAR = {1993},
11107     NOTE = {To appear.},
11108     OPTNUMBER = {},
11109     OPTPAGES = {},
11110     OPTMONTH = {},
11111     OPTNOTE = {}
11112     }
11113    
11114     @ARTICLE{Wagner1996a,
11115     AUTHOR = {R. G. Wagner},
11116     TITLE = {{Mechanisms controlling variability of the
11117     interhemispheric sea surface temperature gradient in
11118     the tropical Atlantic}},
11119     JOURNAL = jc,
11120     YEAR = {1996},
11121     NOTE = {},
11122     VOLUME = {9},
11123     PAGES = {2010-2019},
11124     OPTMONTH = {},
11125     OPTNOTE = {}
11126     }
11127    
11128     @ARTICLE{Wagner1996b,
11129     AUTHOR = {R. G. Wagner},
11130     TITLE = {{Decadal scale trends in mechanisms controlling
11131     meridional sea surface temperature gradients in
11132     the tropical Atlantic}},
11133     JOURNAL = jgr,
11134     YEAR = {1996},
11135     NOTE = {},
11136     VOLUME = {101},
11137     PAGES = {16683-16694},
11138     OPTMONTH = {},
11139     OPTNOTE = {}
11140     }
11141    
11142     @ARTICLE{Wakata1989,
11143     AUTHOR = {Wakata, Y.},
11144     TITLE = {{On the instability problem in simple air-sea coupled models with an oceanic surface boundary layer}},
11145     JOURNAL = {J. Meteor. Japan},
11146     VOLUME = {in press},
11147     YEAR = {1989}
11148     }
11149    
11150     @ARTICLE{Waliser:Graham1993,
11151     AUTHOR = {Waliser, D. E. and N. E. Graham},
11152     TITLE = {Convective cloud systems and warm-pool sea surface
11153     temperatures: coupled interactions and self-regulation},
11154     JOURNAL = jgr,
11155     YEAR = {1993},
11156     OPTVOLUME = {98},
11157     OPTNUMBER = {},
11158     PAGES = {12,881-12,893},
11159     OPTMONTH = {},
11160     OPTNOTE = {}
11161     }
11162    
11163     @ARTICLE{Walker1924,
11164     AUTHOR = {Walker G.T.},
11165     TITLE = {Correlation in seasonal variations of weather,{IX}: a
11166     further study of world weather.},
11167     JOURNAL = {Mem. India Meteorol. Dep 24 (Part 9)},
11168     YEAR = {1924},
11169     OPTVOLUME = {},
11170     OPTNUMBER = {},
11171     PAGES = {275-332},
11172     OPTMONTH = {},
11173     OPTNOTE = {}
11174     }
11175    
11176     @ARTICLE{Walker:Bliss1932,
11177     AUTHOR = {Walker, G.T. and E.W. Bliss},
11178     TITLE = {World {W}eather {V}.},
11179     JOURNAL = {Mem. R. Meteorol. Soc.},
11180     YEAR = {1932},
11181     VOLUME = {4},
11182     NUMBER = {36},
11183     PAGES = {53-84},
11184     OPTMONTH = {}
11185     }
11186    
11187     @ARTICLE{Wallace:Gutzler1981,
11188     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and D. S. Gutzler},
11189     TITLE = {{Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the
11190     northern hemisphere winter}},
11191     JOURNAL = mwr,
11192     VOLUME = {109},
11193     PAGES = {784-812},
11194     YEAR = 1981
11195     }
11196    
11197     @INCOLLECTION{Wallace:Jiang1987,
11198     AUTHOR = {Wallace, J.M. and Q. Jiang},
11199     TITLE = {{On the observed structure of interannual variability of the atmosphere/ocean climate system. }},
11200     EDITOR = {H. Cattle},
11201     BOOKTITLE = {{Atmospheric and Oceanic Variability}},
11202     PAGES = {17-43},
11203     YEAR = {1987},
11204     PUBLISHER = {Royal Meteorological Society/American Meteorological Society}
11205     }
11206    
11207     @ARTICLE{Wallace:etal1989,
11208     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and T. P. Mitchell and C. Deser},
11209     TITLE = {{The influence of sea surface temperature on surface wind in
11210     the eastern equatorial Pacific: Seasonal and
11211     interannual variability}},
11212     JOURNAL = jc,
11213     VOLUME = {2},
11214     PAGES = {1492-1499},
11215     YEAR = 1989
11216     }
11217    
11218     @ARTICLE{Wallace:etal1990,
11219     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and C. Smith and Q. Jiang},
11220     TITLE = {{Spatial patterns of atmosphere-ocean interaction in the
11221     northern winter}},
11222     JOURNAL = jc,
11223     VOLUME = {3},
11224     PAGES = {990-998},
11225     YEAR = 1990
11226     }
11227    
11228     @ARTICLE{Wallace:etal1996,
11229     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and Y. Zhang and L. Bajuk},
11230     TITLE = {{Interpretation of interdecadal trends in Northern
11231     Hemisphere surface air temperature}},
11232     JOURNAL = jc,
11233     VOLUME = {9},
11234     PAGES = {249-259},
11235     YEAR = 1996
11236     }
11237    
11238     @ARTICLE{Wallace1992,
11239     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace},
11240     TITLE = {{Effect of deep convection on the regulation of tropical sea
11241     surface temperature}},
11242     JOURNAL = {Nature},
11243     VOLUME = {357},
11244     PAGES = {230-231},
11245     YEAR = 1992
11246     }
11247    
11248     @ARTICLE{Wang:Li1993,
11249     AUTHOR = {Wang, B. and T. Li},
11250     TITLE = {{A simple tropical atmosphere model of relevance to
11251     short-term climate variations}},
11252     JOURNAL = jas,
11253     VOLUME = {50},
11254     PAGES = {260-284},
11255     YEAR = 1993
11256     }
11257    
11258     @ARTICLE{Wang:etal1995,
11259     AUTHOR = {Wang, B. and T. Li and P. Chang},
11260     TITLE = {{An intermediate model of the tropical Pacific Ocean}},
11261     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11262     VOLUME = {25},
11263     PAGES = {1577-1598},
11264     YEAR = 1995
11265     }
11266    
11267     @ARTICLE{Wang:etal1993,
11268     AUTHOR = {Wang, S. and B. A. Albrecht and P. Minnis},
11269     TITLE = {{A regional simulation of marine boundary layer clouds}},
11270     JOURNAL = jas,
11271     VOLUME = {50},
11272     PAGES = {4022-4043},
11273     YEAR = 1993
11274     }
11275    
11276     @ARTICLE{Weare1977,
11277     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11278     TITLE = {{Empirical orthogonal analysis of Atlantic Ocean surface temperatures}},
11279     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
11280     VOLUME = {103},
11281     PAGES = {467=478},
11282     YEAR = 1977
11283     }
11284    
11285     @ARTICLE{Weare1983,
11286     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11287     TITLE = {Interannual variation of net heating at the surface
11288     of the tropical {Pacific Ocean}},
11289     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11290     YEAR = {1983},
11291     VOLUME = {13},
11292     OPTNUMBER = {},
11293     PAGES = {873-885},
11294     OPTMONTH = {},
11295     OPTNOTE = {}
11296     }
11297    
11298     @ARTICLE{Weare1986,
11299     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11300     TITLE = {{A comparison of shallow water model results for three
11301     estimates of a composite El Ni\~no forcing}.},
11302     JOURNAL = jas,
11303     YEAR = {1986},
11304     VOLUME = {43},
11305     OPTNUMBER = {},
11306     PAGES = {162-170},
11307     OPTMONTH = {},
11308     OPTNOTE = {}
11309     }
11310    
11311     @ARTICLE{Weare1989,
11312     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11313     TITLE = {{Uncertainties in estimates of surface heat fluxes derived from marine reports over the tropical and subtropical oceans}},
11314     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
11315     VOLUME = {41A},
11316     PAGES = {357-370},
11317     YEAR = {1989}
11318     }
11319    
11320     @TECHREPORT{Weare:etal1980,
11321     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C. and P. T. Strub and M. D. Samuel},
11322     TITLE = {{Marine climate atlas of the tropical Pacific Ocean}},
11323     INSTITUTION = {Dept. of Land, Air and Water Resources},
11324     PAGES = {147},
11325     NUMBER = {20},
11326     YEAR = 1980,
11327     ADDRESS = {{University of California, Davis, 147pp.}}
11328     }
11329    
11330     @ARTICLE{Weare:etal1981,
11331     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C. and P. T. Strub and M. D. Samuel},
11332     TITLE = {Annual mean surface heat fluxes in the tropical
11333     Pacific Ocean},
11334     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11335     YEAR = {1981},
11336     VOLUME = {11},
11337     OPTNUMBER = {},
11338     PAGES = {705-717},
11339     OPTMONTH = {},
11340     OPTNOTE = {}
11341     }
11342    
11343     @ARTICLE{Weare:Strub1981,
11344     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C. and P. T. Strub},
11345     TITLE = {The significance of sampling biases on calculated
11346     monthly mean oceanic surface heat fluxes},
11347     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
11348     YEAR = {1981},
11349     VOLUME = {33},
11350     OPTNUMBER = {},
11351     PAGES = {211-224},
11352     OPTMONTH = {},
11353     OPTNOTE = {}
11354     }
11355    
11356     @ARTICLE{Weaver:Sarachik1991a,
11357     AUTHOR = {Weaver, A. J. and E. S. Sarachik},
11358     TITLE = {Evidence for decadal variability in an ocean general
11359     circulation model: An advective mechanism},
11360     JOURNAL = {Atmos.-Ocean},
11361     YEAR = {1991},
11362     VOLUME = {29},
11363     OPTNUMBER = {},
11364     PAGES = {197-231},
11365     OPTMONTH = {},
11366     OPTNOTE = {}
11367     }
11368    
11369     @ARTICLE{Weaver:Sarachik1991b,
11370     AUTHOR = {Weaver, A. J. and E. S. Sarachik},
11371     TITLE = {The role of mixed boundary conditions in numerical
11372     models of the ocean's climate},
11373     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11374     YEAR = {1991},
11375     VOLUME = {21},
11376     OPTNUMBER = {},
11377     PAGES = {1470-1493},
11378     OPTMONTH = {},
11379     OPTNOTE = {}
11380     }
11381    
11382     @ARTICLE{Weaver:etal1993,
11383     AUTHOR = {Weaver, A. J. and J. Marotzke and P. F. Cummins and E. S. Sarachik},
11384     TITLE = {Stability and variability of the thermohaline circulation},
11385     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11386     YEAR = {1993},
11387     VOLUME = {23},
11388     OPTNUMBER = {},
11389     PAGES = {39-60},
11390     OPTMONTH = {},
11391     OPTNOTE = {}
11392     }
11393    
11394     @ARTICLE{Webster:Stephens1980,
11395     AUTHOR = {Webster, P. J. and G. L. Stephens},
11396     TITLE = {{Tropical upper atmosphere extended clouds: Inferences
11397     from Winter MONEX}},
11398     JOURNAL = jas,
11399     YEAR = {1980},
11400     VOLUME = {37},
11401     OPTNUMBER = {},
11402     PAGES = {1521-1541},
11403     OPTMONTH = {},
11404     OPTNOTE = {}
11405     }
11406    
11407     @ARTICLE{Webster:Chang1988,
11408     AUTHOR = {Webster, P. J. and H.-R. Chang},
11409     TITLE = {{Equatorial energy accumulation and emmanation
11410     regions: Impacts of a zonally varying basic state}},
11411     JOURNAL = jas,
11412     YEAR = {1988},
11413     VOLUME = {45},
11414     OPTNUMBER = {},
11415     PAGES = {803-829},
11416     OPTMONTH = {},
11417     OPTNOTE = {}
11418     }
11419    
11420     @ARTICLE{Webster:Lukas1992,
11421     AUTHOR = {Webster, P. J. and R. Lukas},
11422     TITLE = {{TOGA COARE: the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment}},
11423     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
11424     YEAR = {1992},
11425     VOLUME = {73},
11426     OPTNUMBER = {},
11427     PAGES = {1377-1416},
11428     OPTMONTH = {},
11429     OPTNOTE = {}
11430     }
11431    
11432     @ARTICLE{Weickmann:Khalsa1990,
11433     AUTHOR = {Weickmann, K. M. and S. J. S. Khalsa},
11434     TITLE = {{The shift of convection from the Indian Ocean to the
11435     Western Pacific Ocean during a 30-60 oscillation}},
11436     JOURNAL = mwr,
11437     YEAR = {1990},
11438     VOLUME = {118},
11439     OPTNUMBER = {},
11440     PAGES = {964-978},
11441     OPTMONTH = {},
11442     OPTNOTE = {}
11443     }
11444    
11445     @ARTICLE{Weingartner:Weisberg1991a,
11446     AUTHOR = {T.J. Weingartner and R.H. Weisberg},
11447     TITLE = {On the annual cycle of equatorial upwelling in the
11448     central Atlantic Ocean.},
11449     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11450     YEAR = {1991a},
11451     VOLUME = {21},
11452     OPTNUMBER = {},
11453     PAGES = {68-82},
11454     OPTMONTH = {},
11455     OPTNOTE = {}
11456     }
11457    
11458     @ARTICLE{Weingartner:Weisberg1991b,
11459     AUTHOR = {T.J. Weingartner and R.H. Weisberg},
11460     TITLE = {A description of the annual cycle in sea surface
11461     temperature and upper ocean heat in the equatorial Atlantic.},
11462     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr},
11463     YEAR = {1991b},
11464     VOLUME = {21},
11465     OPTNUMBER = {},
11466     PAGES = {83-96},
11467     OPTMONTH = {},
11468     OPTNOTE = {}
11469     }
11470    
11471     @ARTICLE{Wells1987,
11472     AUTHOR = {Lisa E. Wells},
11473     TITLE = {An Alluvial Record of {El Ni\~no} Events from
11474     Northern Coastal Peru},
11475     JOURNAL = jgr,
11476     YEAR = 1987,
11477     VOLUME = 92,
11478     NUMBER = {C13},
11479     PAGES = {14,463-14,470},
11480     MONTH = {December},
11481     KEYWORDS = {El Ni\~no, ancient, climate}
11482     }
11483    
11484     @INPROCEEDINGS{Wells1991,
11485     AUTHOR = {Lisa E. Wells and M. Moore and R. Fairbanks},
11486     TITLE = {Climate Variability of the Indonesian Low and
11487     Southern Oscillation Reconstructed from the
11488     Geochemistry of Annually-Banded Reef Corals},
11489     BOOKTITLE = {XVII Pacific Science Congress: Honolulu HI, 27 May
11490     to 2 Jun 1991. Symposium is Paleoclimate and
11491     prehistory of the lowland tropics},
11492     YEAR = 1991,
11493     KEYWORDS = {El Nino, ancient, climate}
11494     }
11495    
11496     @ARTICLE{White:Pazan1987,
11497     AUTHOR = {White, W.B. and S.E. Pazan},
11498     TITLE = {{Hindcast/forecasts of ENSO events based upon the redistribution of observed and model heat content in the western tropical Pacific, 1964-1986.}},
11499     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11500     VOLUME = {17},
11501     PAGES = {264-280},
11502     YEAR = {1987}
11503     }
11504    
11505     @ARTICLE{White:etal1985,
11506     AUTHOR = {White, W.B. and G. Meyers And J.R. Donguy and S. Pazan},
11507     TITLE = {{Short-therm climatic variability in the thermal structure of the Pacific Ocean during 1979-1982}},
11508     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11509     VOLUME = {15},
11510     PAGES = {917-935},
11511     YEAR = {1985}
11512     }
11513    
11514     @ARTICLE{Whysall:etal1987,
11515     AUTHOR = {Whysall, K.D.B. and N.S. Cooper and G.R. Bigg},
11516     TITLE = {Long term changes in the tropical {Pacific} surface
11517     wind field},
11518     JOURNAL = {Nature},
11519     YEAR = {1987},
11520     VOLUME = {327},
11521     OPTNUMBER = {},
11522     PAGES = {216-219},
11523     OPTMONTH = {},
11524     OPTNOTE = {}
11525     }
11526    
11527     @ARTICLE{Wijesekera:Dillon1991,
11528     AUTHOR = {Hemantha W. Wijesekera and Thomas M. Dillon},
11529     TITLE = {Internal waves and mixing in the upper equatorial {Pacific}
11530     ocean.},
11531     JOURNAL = jgr,
11532     YEAR = 1991,
11533     VOLUME = 96,
11534     NUMBER = {C4},
11535     PAGES = {7155-7125}
11536     }
11537    
11538     @ARTICLE{Wild:etal1995,
11539     AUTHOR = {Wild, M. and A. Ohmura and H. Gilgen and E. Roeckner},
11540     TITLE = {{Validation of general circulation model radiative
11541     fluxes using surface observations}},
11542     JOURNAL = jc,
11543     YEAR = {1995},
11544     VOLUME = {8},
11545     NUMBER = {},
11546     PAGES = {1309-1324}
11547     }
11548    
11549     @ARTICLE{Williams:Renno1993,
11550     AUTHOR = {Williams, E. and N. Renno},
11551     TITLE = {{An analysis of the conditional instability of the
11552     tropical atmosphere}},
11553     JOURNAL = mwr,
11554     YEAR = {1993},
11555     VOLUME = {121},
11556     NUMBER = {},
11557     PAGES = {21-36}
11558     }
11559    
11560     @ARTICLE{Winton:Sarachik1993,
11561     AUTHOR = {Winton, M. and E. S. Sarachik},
11562     TITLE = {{Thermohaline oscillations induced by strong steady
11563     salinity forcings of ocean general circulation models}},
11564     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11565     YEAR = {1993},
11566     VOLUME = {23},
11567     NUMBER = {},
11568     PAGES = {1389-1410}
11569     }
11570    
11571     @ARTICLE{Witter:Chelton1998,
11572     AUTHOR = {Witter, D. L. and D. B. Chelton},
11573     TITLE = {{Eddy-mean flow interaction in zonal oceanic jet flow
11574     along zonal ridge topography}},
11575     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11576     YEAR = {1998},
11577     VOLUME = {28},
11578     NUMBER = {},
11579     PAGES = {2019-2039}
11580     }
11581    
11582     @ARTICLE{Wolter1989,
11583     AUTHOR = {Wolter, K.},
11584     TITLE = {{Modes of tropical circulation, Southern Oscillation, and Sahel rainfall anomalies}},
11585     JOURNAL = jc,
11586     VOLUME = {8},
11587     PAGES = {149-172},
11588     YEAR = {1989}
11589     }
11590    
11591     @ARTICLE{Woodruff:etal1987,
11592     AUTHOR = {Woodruff, S.D. and R.J. Slutz And R.L. Jenne and P.M. Steurer},
11593     TITLE = {{A comprehensive ocean-atmosphere data set}},
11594     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
11595     VOLUME = {68},
11596     PAGES = {521-527},
11597     YEAR = {1987}
11598     }
11599    
11600     @ARTICLE{Wright1985,
11601     AUTHOR = {Peter B. Wright},
11602     TITLE = {{The Southern Oscillation: An Ocean-Atmosphere Feedback System?}},
11603     JOURNAL = {P. Bull. Am. met. Soc.},
11604     VOLUME = {66},
11605     PAGES = {398-412},
11606     YEAR = {1985}
11607     }
11608    
11609     @ARTICLE{Wright1986,
11610     AUTHOR = {P.B. Wright},
11611     TITLE = {{Precursers of the Southern Oscillation.}},
11612     JOURNAL = {J. Climatol.},
11613     YEAR = {1986},
11614     VOLUME = {6},
11615     OPTNUMBER = {},
11616     PAGES = {17-30},
11617     OPTMONTH = {},
11618     OPTNOTE = {}
11619     }
11620    
11621     @ARTICLE{Wright:Thompson1983,
11622     AUTHOR = {Wright, D.G. and K.R. Thompson},
11623     TITLE = {{Time-averaged forms of the nonlinear stress law}},
11624     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11625     VOLUME = {13},
11626     PAGES = {341-345},
11627     YEAR = {1983}
11628     }
11629    
11630     @ARTICLE{Wunsch1968:On,
11631     AUTHOR = {Carl Wunsch},
11632     TITLE = {On the propagation of internal waves up a slope},
11633     JOURNAL = {Deep-Sea Res.},
11634     YEAR = 1968,
11635     VOLUME = 15,
11636     PAGES = {251-258},
11637     KEYWORDS = {internal waves, sloping bottom}
11638     }
11639    
11640     @ARTICLE{Wunsch1968:Pro,
11641     AUTHOR = {Carl Wunsch},
11642     TITLE = {Progresive internal waves on slopes},
11643     JOURNAL = {J. Fluid Mech.},
11644     YEAR = 1968,
11645     VOLUME = 35,
11646     NUMBER = 1,
11647     PAGES = {131-144},
11648     KEYWORDS = {internal waves, sloping bottom}
11649     }
11650    
11651     @ARTICLE{Wunsch1988,
11652     AUTHOR = {Wunsch, C.},
11653     TITLE = {{Eclectic modelling of the North Atlantic, Part 2: Transient tracers and the ventilation of the eastern basin thermocline}},
11654     JOURNAL = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.},
11655     VOLUME = {A325},
11656     PAGES = {207-236},
11657     YEAR = {1988}
11658     }
11659    
11660     @INCOLLECTION{Wunsch1989,
11661     AUTHOR = {Carl Wunsch},
11662     TITLE = {Using Data with Models: Ill-Posed and Time-Dependent
11663     Ill-Posed Problems},
11664     BOOKTITLE = {Tomograhie Geophysique,/Geophysical tomography},
11665     PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Scient Publishers B. V.},
11666     YEAR = 1989,
11667     EDITOR = {Y. Desaubies and A. Tarantola and J. Zinn-Justin}
11668     }
11669    
11670     @ARTICLE{Wylie:Hinton1981,
11671     AUTHOR = {Wylie, D.P. and B.B. Hinton},
11672     TITLE = {{The feasibility of estimating large-scale surface wind fields for the summer MONEX using cloud motions and ship data}},
11673     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer Meteor.},
11674     VOLUME = {21},
11675     PAGES = {357-367},
11676     YEAR = {1981}
11677     }
11678    
11679     @BOOK{Wyrtki1961,
11680     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11681     TITLE = {{Physical Oceanography of the woutheast Asain waters}},
11682     PAGES = {195},
11683     YEAR = {1961},
11684     PUBLISHER = {{NAGA Rep. 2, University of CA, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. La Jolla, CA.}}
11685     }
11686    
11687     @ARTICLE{Wyrtki1975,
11688     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11689     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no -- The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing}},
11690     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11691     VOLUME = {5},
11692     PAGES = {572-84},
11693     YEAR = {1975}
11694     }
11695    
11696     @ARTICLE{Wyrtki1979,
11697     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11698     TITLE = {{The response of sea surface topography to the 1976 El Ni\~no}},
11699     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11700     VOLUME = {9},
11701     PAGES = {1223-1231},
11702     YEAR = {1979}
11703     }
11704    
11705     @ARTICLE{Wyrtki1987,
11706     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11707     TITLE = {{Indonesian through flow and the associated pressure graident}},
11708     JOURNAL = jgr,
11709     VOLUME = {92},
11710     PAGES = {12941-12946},
11711     YEAR = {1987}
11712     }
11713    
11714     @ARTICLE{Xie:Tanimoto1998,
11715     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P. and Y. Tanimoto}},
11716     TITLE = {{A pan-Atlantic decadal climate oscillation}},
11717     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
11718     YEAR = {1998},
11719     VOLUME = {25},
11720     PAGES = {2185-2188}
11721     }
11722    
11723     @ARTICLE{Xie:Philander1994,
11724     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P. and S.G.H. Philander}},
11725     TITLE = {{A coupled ocean-atmosphere model of relevance to the
11726     ITCZ in the eastern Pacific}},
11727     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
11728     YEAR = {1994},
11729     VOLUME = {46A},
11730     PAGES = {340-350}
11731     }
11732    
11733     @ARTICLE{Xie1999,
11734     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P.}},
11735     TITLE = {{A dynamic ocean-atmosphere model of the tropical
11736     Atlantic decadal variability}},
11737     JOURNAL = jc,
11738     YEAR = {1999},
11739     VOLUME = {12},
11740     PAGES = {64-70}
11741     }
11742    
11743     @ARTICLE{Xie:etal2000,
11744     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P. and T. Kunitani and A. Kubokawa and M. Nonaka and S. Hosada}},
11745     TITLE = {{Interdecadal thermocline variability in the North Pacific for 1958-97: A GCM simulation}},
11746     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11747     YEAR = {2000},
11748     VOLUME = {30},
11749     PAGES = {2798-2813}
11750     }
11751    
11752     @ARTICLE{Xu:etal1997,
11753     AUTHOR = {{Xu, W., T.P. Barnett and M. Latif}},
11754     TITLE = {{Decadal variability in the North
11755     Pacific as simulated by a hybrid coupled model}},
11756     JOURNAL = {J. Climate, submitted},
11757     YEAR = {1997},
11758     VOLUME = {},
11759     PAGES = {}
11760     }
11761    
11762     @TECHREPORT{Xu1990,
11763     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu},
11764     TITLE = {On the relationship between the stratospheric {QBO}
11765     and the tropospheric {SO}},
11766     INSTITUTION = {{Max-Plank-Institut {f\"ur} Meteorologie}},
11767     YEAR = {1990},
11768     OPTTYPE = {},
11769     NUMBER = {48},
11770     OPTADDRESS = {},
11771     MONTH = {March},
11772     OPTNOTE = {}
11773     }
11774    
11775     @UNPUBLISHED{Xu1991,
11776     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu},
11777     TITLE = {Analysis and Prediction of the {El Ni\~no} {Southern
11778     Oscillation} Phenomenon using {Principal} {Oscillation}
11779     {Pattern} Analysis},
11780     NOTE = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Meteorologie},
11781     KEYWORDS = {ENSO, POP, climate prediction},
11782     OPTYEAR = {},
11783     OPTMONTH = {}
11784     }
11785    
11786     @TECHREPORT{Xu:Storch1989,
11787     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu and Han von Storch},
11788     TITLE = {{Principal Oscillation Pattern--Prediction} of the
11789     state of {ENSO}},
11790     INSTITUTION = {{Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Meteorologie}},
11791     YEAR = {1989},
11792     OPTTYPE = {},
11793     NUMBER = {35},
11794     OPTADDRESS = {},
11795     OPTMONTH = {},
11796     OPTNOTE = {}
11797     }
11798    
11799     @ARTICLE{Xu:Storch1990,
11800     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu and Han von Storch},
11801     TITLE = {Predicting the state of the {Southern Oscillation}
11802     using principal oscillation pattern analysis},
11803     JOURNAL = jc,
11804     YEAR = {1990},
11805     VOLUME = {3},
11806     OPTNUMBER = {},
11807     PAGES = {1316-1329},
11808     OPTNOTE = {}
11809     }
11810    
11811     @ARTICLE{Xu:Emanuel1989,
11812     AUTHOR = {Xu, K-M and K. A. Emanuel},
11813     TITLE = {Is the tropical atmosphere conditionally unstable?},
11814     JOURNAL = mwr,
11815     YEAR = {1989},
11816     VOLUME = {117},
11817     OPTNUMBER = {},
11818     PAGES = {1471-1479},
11819     OPTNOTE = {}
11820     }
11821    
11822     @ARTICLE{Yanai:etal1973,
11823     AUTHOR = {Yanai, M. and S. K. Esbensen and J.-H. Chu},
11824     TITLE = {{Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters
11825     from large-scale heat and moisture budgets}},
11826     JOURNAL = jas,
11827     VOLUME = {30},
11828     PAGES = {611-627},
11829     YEAR = {1973}
11830     }
11831    
11832     @ARTICLE{Yano:Emanuel1991,
11833     AUTHOR = {J. Yano and K. A. Emanuel},
11834     TITLE = {{An improved model of the equatorial troposphere and its
11835     coupling with the stratosphere}},
11836     JOURNAL = jas,
11837     VOLUME = {48},
11838     PAGES = {377-389},
11839     YEAR = {1991}
11840     }
11841    
11842     @ARTICLE{Yakhot:Orszag1986,
11843     AUTHOR = {Yakhot, V. and S.A. Orszag},
11844     TITLE = {{Renormalization group analysis of turbulence: I. Basic Theory}},
11845     JOURNAL = {J. Sci. Comp.},
11846     VOLUME = {1},
11847     PAGES = {3-51},
11848     YEAR = {1986}
11849     }
11850    
11851     @ARTICLE{Yamada:Sekine1997,
11852     AUTHOR = {F. Yamada and Y. Sekine},
11853     TITLE = {{Variations on sea surface temperature and 500hPa height
11854     over the North Pacific with reference to the
11855     occurence of anomalous southward Oyashio intrusion
11856     east of Japan}},
11857     JOURNAL = {J. Meteor. Soc. Japan},
11858     VOLUME = {75},
11859     PAGES = {995-1000},
11860     YEAR = {1997}
11861     }
11862    
11863     @ARTICLE{Yin:Battisti2000,
11864     AUTHOR = {J. H. Yin and D. S. Battisti},
11865     TITLE = {{The importance of tropical sea surface temperature patterns
11866     in simulations of Last Glacial Maximum climate}},
11867     JOURNAL = jc,
11868     VOLUME = {},
11869     PAGES = {},
11870     YEAR = {2000},
11871     NOTE = {In press}
11872     }
11873    
11874     @ARTICLE{Yoo:Carton1988,
11875     AUTHOR = {Yoo, J.M. and J.A. Carton},
11876     TITLE = {{Spatial dependence of the relationship between rainfall and outgoing longwave radiation}},
11877     JOURNAL = {J. C.imate},
11878     VOLUME = {1},
11879     PAGES = {1047-1054},
11880     YEAR = {1988}
11881     }
11882    
11883     @ARTICLE{Yoo:Carton1990,
11884     AUTHOR = {Yoo, J.-M. and J.A. Carton},
11885     TITLE = {{Annual and interannual variation of the freshwater budget in tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea}},
11886     JOURNAL = jc,
11887     VOLUME = {in preparation},
11888     YEAR = {1990}
11889     }
11890    
11891     @INCOLLECTION{Young1987,
11892     AUTHOR = {J. A. Young},
11893     TITLE = {Boundary layer dynamics of tropical and monsoonal flows},
11894     BOOKTITLE = {Monsoon Meteorology},
11895     PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
11896     YEAR = 1987,
11897     EDITOR = {{C.-P. Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti}},
11898     PAGES = {461-500}
11899     }
11900    
11901     @ARTICLE{Young:etal1995,
11902     AUTHOR = {G. S. Young and S. M. Perugini and C. W. Fairall},
11903     TITLE = {{Convective wakes in the equatorial western Pacific
11904     during TOGA COARE}},
11905     JOURNAL = mwr,
11906     YEAR = {1995},
11907     VOLUME = {123},
11908     OPTNUMBER = {},
11909     PAGES = {110-123},
11910     OPTMONTH = {},
11911     OPTNOTE = {}
11912     }
11913    
11914     @ARTICLE{Yu:Neelin1993,
11915     AUTHOR = {J-Y Yu and J. D. Neelin},
11916     TITLE = {{Modes of tropical variability under convective
11917     adjustment and the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Part
11918     II: Numerical results}},
11919     JOURNAL = jas,
11920     YEAR = {1993},
11921     VOLUME = {},
11922     OPTNUMBER = {},
11923     PAGES = {submitted},
11924     OPTMONTH = {},
11925     OPTNOTE = {}
11926     }
11927    
11928     @ARTICLE{Yuan:Martinson2000,
11929     AUTHOR = {X. Yuan and D. G. Martinson},
11930     TITLE = {{Antarctic sea ice extent variability and it global connectivity}},
11931     JOURNAL = jc,
11932     YEAR = {2000},
11933     VOLUME = {13},
11934     OPTNUMBER = {},
11935     PAGES = {1697-1717},
11936     OPTMONTH = {},
11937     OPTNOTE = {}
11938     }
11939    
11940     @INCOLLECTION{Zav'yalova1986,
11941     AUTHOR = {Zav'yalova, I.N.},
11942     TITLE = {{Humidity of air in Antarctica.}},
11943     EDITOR = {I.M. Dolgin},
11944     BOOKTITLE = {{Climate of Antarctic}},
11945     PAGES = {92-101},
11946     YEAR = {1986},
11947     PUBLISHER = {A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam}
11948     }
11949    
11950     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1982,
11951     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E.},
11952     TITLE = {A simple atmospheric model of relevance to {El Ni\~no}.},
11953     JOURNAL = jas,
11954     YEAR = {1982},
11955     VOLUME = {39},
11956     OPTNUMBER = {},
11957     PAGES = {2017-2027},
11958     OPTMONTH = {},
11959     OPTNOTE = {}
11960     }
11961    
11962     @BOOK{Zebiak1984,
11963     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E.},
11964     TITLE = {{Tropical atmosphere-ocean interaction interaction and the El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation phenomenon.}},
11965     PAGES = {261},
11966     YEAR = {1984},
11967     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. thesis, M.I.T.}}
11968     }
11969    
11970     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1986,
11971     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E.},
11972     TITLE = {{Atmospheric convergence feedback in a simple model
11973     for El Ni\~no}},
11974     JOURNAL = mwr,
11975     YEAR = {1986},
11976     VOLUME = {114},
11977     OPTNUMBER = {},
11978     PAGES = {1263-1271},
11979     OPTMONTH = {},
11980     OPTNOTE = {}
11981     }
11982    
11983     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1989:Ill,
11984     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11985     TITLE = {{Ill Wind}},
11986     JOURNAL = {The Sciences},
11987     VOLUME = {29},
11988     PAGES = {26-31},
11989     YEAR = {1989}
11990     }
11991    
11992     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1989,
11993     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11994     TITLE = {{Oceanic heat content variability and El Ni\~no cycles}},
11995     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11996     VOLUME = {19},
11997     PAGES = {475-486},
11998     YEAR = {1989}
11999     }
12000    
12001     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1989:On,
12002     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
12003     TITLE = {{On the 30-60 day oscillation and the prediction of El Ni\~no.}},
12004     JOURNAL = jc,
12005     VOLUME = {2},
12006     PAGES = {1381-1387},
12007     YEAR = {1989}
12008     }
12009    
12010     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1990,
12011     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
12012     TITLE = {{Diagnostic Studies of Pacific Surface Winds}},
12013     JOURNAL = jc,
12014     VOLUME = {3},
12015     PAGES = {1016-1031},
12016     YEAR = {1990}
12017     }
12018    
12019     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1993,
12020     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
12021     TITLE = {{Air-sea interaction in the equatorial Atlantic region}},
12022     JOURNAL = jc,
12023     VOLUME = {6},
12024     PAGES = {1567-1586},
12025     YEAR = {1993}
12026     }
12027    
12028     @ARTICLE{Zebiak:Cane1987,
12029     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E. and M. A. Cane},
12030     TITLE = {{A model El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation}},
12031     JOURNAL = mwr,
12032     VOLUME = {115},
12033     PAGES = {2262-2278},
12034     YEAR = {1987}
12035     }
12036    
12037     @INCOLLECTION{Zebiak:Cane1988,
12038     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak and Mark A. Cane},
12039     TITLE = {Diagnostic studies of a coupled model's climate variability.},
12040     EDITOR = {David R. Rodenhuis},
12041     BOOKTITLE = {{Proceedings of the 13th Climate Diagnostics Workshop,
12042     Oct. 31-Nov. 4, 1988}},
12043     YEAR = {1988},
12044     PUBLISHER = {NOAA}
12045     }
12046    
12047     @INCOLLECTION{Zebiak:Cane1989,
12048     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E. and M. A. Cane},
12049     TITLE = {{Natural climate variability in a coupled model.}},
12050     EDITOR = {Michael E. Schlesinger},
12051     BOOKTITLE = {{{\rm Workshop on} Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations}},
12052     YEAR = {1989},
12053     PAGES = {457-469},
12054     PUBLISHER = {Oregon State University}
12055     }
12056    
12057     @ARTICLE{Zeng:etal1999,
12058     AUTHOR = {Zeng, N. and J. D. Neelin and C. Chou},
12059     TITLE = {The first quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model -
12060     implementation and simulation},
12061     JOURNAL = jas,
12062     VOLUME = {},
12063     PAGES = {},
12064     NOTE = {submitted},
12065     YEAR = {1999}
12066     }
12067    
12068     @ARTICLE{Zhang:etal1997,
12069     AUTHOR = {Zhang, Y. and J. M. Wallace and D. S. Battisti},
12070     TITLE = {{ENSO-like decade-to-century scale variability: 1900-93}},
12071     JOURNAL = jc,
12072     VOLUME = {10},
12073     PAGES = {1004-1020},
12074     NOTE = {},
12075     YEAR = {1997}
12076     }
12077    
12078     @ARTICLE{Zhang:etal1996,
12079     AUTHOR = {Zhang, Y. and J. M. Wallace and N. Iwasaka},
12080     TITLE = {{Is climate variability over the North Pacific a linear
12081     response to ENSO?}},
12082     JOURNAL = jc,
12083     VOLUME = {9},
12084     PAGES = {1468-1478},
12085     NOTE = {},
12086     YEAR = {1996}
12087     }
12088    
12089     @UNPUBLISHED{Zhao:etal1989,
12090     AUTHOR = {Zhao, Y. and S.E. Zebiak and Mark A. Cane},
12091     TITLE = {{Climate variability over several centuries as revealed in a coupled model and ice core reconstructions}},
12092     JOURNAL = {},
12093     YEAR = {1989}
12094     }
12095    
12096     @ARTICLE{Zhao:etal1991,
12097     AUTHOR = {Zhao, Y and M. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
12098     TITLE = {{Comparison of El Ni\~no as recorded in the Quelccaya
12099     ice-cap and a coupled dynamical model}},
12100     JOURNAL = {in preparation},
12101     YEAR = {1991},
12102     OPTVOLUME = {},
12103     OPTNUMBER = {},
12104     OPTPAGES = {},
12105     OPTMONTH = {},
12106     OPTNOTE = {}
12107     }
12108    
12109     @ARTICLE{Zhao:Cane1995,
12110     AUTHOR = {Zhao, Y and M. A. Cane},
12111     TITLE = {{The influence of vertical resolution on ocean mixed
12112     layer parameterizations}},
12113     JOURNAL = {To be submitted},
12114     YEAR = {1995},
12115     OPTVOLUME = {},
12116     OPTNUMBER = {},
12117     OPTPAGES = {},
12118     OPTMONTH = {},
12119     OPTNOTE = {}
12120     }
12121    
12122     @ARTICLE{Zwiers:Boer1987,
12123     AUTHOR = {Zwiers, F. W. and G. J. Boer},
12124     TITLE = {{A comparison of climates simulated by a general
12125     circulation model when run in the annual cycle and
12126     perpetual modes}},
12127     JOURNAL = mwr,
12128     YEAR = {1987},
12129     VOLUME = {115},
12130     OPTNUMBER = {},
12131     PAGES = {2626-2644},
12132     OPTMONTH = {},
12133     OPTNOTE = {}
12134     }
12135    
12136     @ARTICLE{andreas1985,
12137     AUTHOR = {E. L. Andreas},
12138     TITLE = {{Heat and moisture advection over Antarctic sea ice}},
12139     JOURNAL = mwr,
12140     VOLUME = {113},
12141     PAGES = {736-746},
12142     YEAR = {1985}
12143     }
12144    
12145     @INCOLLECTION{deVerdiere1981,
12146     AUTHOR = {de Verdiere, A.C.},
12147     TITLE = {{C. Observations and mechanisms of meridional heat transfer by mesoscale eddies.}},
12148     EDITOR = {Eric B. Kraus and Mich\`ele Fleux},
12149     BOOKTITLE = {{NATO Advanced Research Institute; Large Scale Transport of Heat and Matter in the Ocean}},
12150     PAGES = {99-104},
12151     YEAR = {1981},
12152     PUBLISHER = {Laboratoire D'Oceanographie Physique du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle de Paris}
12153     }
12154    
12155     @ARTICLE{deVerdiere1986,
12156     AUTHOR = {de Verdiere, A.},
12157     TITLE = {{On mean flow instabilities within the planetary geostrophic equations}},
12158     JOURNAL = jpo,
12159     VOLUME = {16},
12160     PAGES = {1981-1984},
12161     YEAR = {1986}
12162     }
12163    
12164     @ARTICLE{deVerdiere1988,
12165     AUTHOR = {de Verdiere, A.C.},
12166     TITLE = {{Buoyancy driven planetary flows}},
12167     JOURNAL = jmr,
12168     VOLUME = {46},
12169     PAGES = {215-265},
12170     YEAR = {1988}
12171     }
12172    
12173     @ARTICLE{duPenhoat:Cane1991,
12174     AUTHOR = {du Penhoat Y. and M.A. Cane},
12175     TITLE = {Effect of Low-Latitude {Western} Gaps on the
12176     Reflection of Equatorial Motions },
12177     JOURNAL = jgr,
12178     YEAR = {1991},
12179     VOLUME = {96},
12180     OPTNUMBER = {},
12181     PAGES = {3307-3322},
12182     OPTMONTH = {},
12183     OPTNOTE = {}
12184     }
12185    
12186     @ARTICLE{duPenhoat:Treguier1985,
12187     AUTHOR = {du Penhoat, Y and A.M. Treguier},
12188     TITLE = {{The seasonal linear response of the tropical Atlantic ocean}},
12189     JOURNAL = jpo,
12190     VOLUME = {15},
12191     PAGES = {316-329},
12192     YEAR = {1985}
12193     }
12194    
12195     @INCOLLECTION{duPenhoat:etal1983,
12196     AUTHOR = {du Penhoat, Y. and Mark A. Cane and R.J. Patton},
12197     TITLE = {{Reflections of low frequency equatorial waves on partial boundaries. }},
12198     EDITOR = {JCL Nihoul},
12199     BOOKTITLE = {{Hydrodynamics of the Equatorial Ocean, Memories Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 6e series Tome XI}},
12200     PAGES = {237-358},
12201     YEAR = {1983},
12202     PUBLISHER = {Elsevier}
12203     }

  ViewVC Help
Powered by ViewVC 1.1.22