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Revision 1.1 - (hide annotations) (download)
Wed Oct 5 19:52:47 2005 UTC (18 years, 5 months ago) by edhill
Branch: MAIN
 o add Baylor's nonlinear viscosity docs and his bibliography

1 edhill 1.1 @string{pnas="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}
2     @string{plms="Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society"}
3     @string{aas="Advances in Atmospheric Sciences"}
4     @string{ajs="American Journal of Science"}
5     @string{amsb="American Meteorological Society, Bulletin"}
6     @string{ag="Annales Geophysicae"}
7     @string{arfm="Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics"}
8     @string{ajus="Antarctic Journal of the United States"}
9     @string{as="Antarctic Science"}
10     @string{aprs="Asian-Pacific Remote Sensing and GIS Journal"}
11     @string{a="Atmosfera"}
12     @string{ao="Atmosphere-Ocean"}
13     @string{ar="Atmospheric Research"}
14     @string{amm="Australian Meteorological Magazine"}
15     @string{br="Basin Research"}
16     @string{bgc="Biogeochemistry"}
17     @string{blm="Boundary-Layer Meteorology"}
18     @string{bsgf="Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France"}
19     @string{bms="Bulletin of Marine Science"}
20     @string{bams="Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society"}
21     @string{cjes="Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences"}
22     @string{cd="Climate Dynamics"}
23     @string{cc="Climatic Change"}
24     @string{cras="Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. Serie II. Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes"}
25     @string{cg="Computers and Geosciences"}
26     @string{csr="Continental Shelf Research"}
27     @string{cap="Contributions to Atmospheric Physics"}
28     @string{dwm="Daily Weather Maps"}
29     @string{dsr="Deep-Sea Research"}
30     @string{dsr1="Deep-Sea Research, Part 1"}
31     @string{dsr2="Deep-Sea Research, Part 2"}
32     @string{des="Doklady Earth Sciences"}
33     @string{dao="Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans"}
34     @string{epsl="Earth and Planetary Science Letters"}
35     @string{emp="Earth, Moon, and Planets"}
36     @string{eps="Earth, Planets and Space"}
37     @string{esr="Earth Science Reviews"}
38     @string{espl="Earth Surface Processes and Landforms"}
39     @string{eos="EOS"}
40     @string{epi="Episodes"}
41     @string{ecss="Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science"}
42     @string{gsat="GSA Today"}
43     @string{gi="Geofisica International"}
44     @string{gj="Geological Journal"}
45     @string{gm="Geological Magazine"}
46     @string{gsab="Geological Society of America, Bulletin"}
47     @string{gig="Geologiia I Geofizika"}
48     @string{g="Geology"}
49     @string{ga="Geomagnetism and Aeronomy"}
50     @string{gml="Geo-Marine Letters"}
51     @string{geom="Geomorphology"}
52     @string{gafd="Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics"}
53     @string{gji="Geophysical Journal International"}
54     @string{gp="Geophysical Prospecting"}
55     @string{grl="Geophysical Research Letters"}
56     @string{geop="Geophysics"}
57     @string{gc="Geoscience Canada"}
58     @string{gj="Geoscience Journal"}
59     @string{gt="Geotectonics"}
60     @string{gta="Geotektonika"}
61     @string{gtc="Geothermics"}
62     @string{gtm="Geotimes"}
63     @string{gff="GFF"}
64     @string{gpc="Global and Planetary Change"}
65     @string{gbc="Global Biogeochemical Cycles"}
66     @string{gcn="Global Change Newsletter"}
67     @string{gsat="GSA Today"}
68     @string{i="Icarus"}
69     @string{igr="International Geology Review"}
70     @string{ijc="International Journal of Climatology"}
71     @string{ijes="International Journal of Earth Sciences"}
72     @string{iscb="International Seismological Centre, Bulletin"}
73     @string{ia="The Island Arc"}
74     @string{iaop="Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics"}
75     @string{ipse="Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth"}
76     @string{jgr="Journal of Geophysical Research"}
77     @string{jgra="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part A"}
78     @string{jgrb="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part B"}
79     @string{jgrc="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part C"}
80     @string{jgrd="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part D"}
81     @string{jgre="Journal of Geophysical Research, Part E"}
82     @string{jag="Journal of Applied Geophysics"}
83     @string{jam="Journal of Applied Meteorology"}
84     @string{jaot="Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology"}
85     @string{jastp="Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics"}
86     @string{jac="Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry"}
87     @string{jas="Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences"}
88     @string{jc="Journal of Climate"}
89     @string{jfm="Journal of Fluid Mechanics"}
90     @string{jfr="Journal of Foraminiferal Research"}
91     @string{jge="Journal of Geochemical Exploration"}
92     @string{jg="Journal of Geodesy"}
93     @string{jgc="Journal of Geodynamics"}
94     @string{jse="Journal of Geoscience Education"}
95     @string{jm="Journal of Meteorology"}
96     @string{jmr="Journal of Marine Research"}
97     @string{jp="Journal of Paleontology"}
98     @string{jpo="Journal of Physical Oceanography"}
99     @string{jpe="Journal of Physics of the Earth"}
100     @string{jsaes="Journal of South American Earth Sciences"}
101     @string{lm="La Meteorologie"}
102     @string{le="The Leading Edge"}
103     @string{lo="Limnology and Oceanography"}
104     @string{l="Lithos"}
105     @string{mg="Marine Geodesy"}
106     @string{mgr="Marine Geophysical Researches"}
107     @string{ma="Meteorological Applications"}
108     @string{mznf="Meteorologische Zeitschrift-Neue Folge"}
109     @string{map="Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics"}
110     @string{mitr="MIT Report"}
111     @string{mwr="Monthly Weather Review"}
112     @string{n="Nature"}
113     @string{olr="Oceanographic Literature Review"}
114     @string{oa="Oceanologica Acta"}
115     @string{oly="Oceanology"}
116     @string{o="Oceanus"}
117     @string{pdm="Palaeoclimates : data and modelling"}
118     @string{pio="Palaios"}
119     @string{p="Paleo"}
120     @string{poy="Paleoceanography"}
121     @string{prl="Physical Review Letters"}
122     @string{pcea="Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A"}
123     @string{pceb="Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B"}
124     @string{pcec="Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C"}
125     @string{po="Progress in Oceanography"}
126     @string{pag="Pure and Applied Geophysics"}
127     @string{qjrms="Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society"}
128     @string{qr="Quaternary Research"}
129     @string{qsr="Quaternary Science Reviews"}
130     @string{r="Radiocarbon"}
131     @string{rg="Reviews of Geophysics"}
132     @string{rmsqj="Royal Meteorological Society, Quarterly Journal"}
133     @string{rmh="Russian Meteorology and Hydrology"}
134     @string{s="Science"}
135     @string{sm="Senckenbergiana Maritima"}
136     @string{agfb="Societe geologique de France, Bulletin"}
137     @string{sd="Storm Data"}
138     @string{sg="Surveys In Geophysics"}
139     @string{ta="Tellus, Series A"}
140     @string{tb="Tellus, Series B"}
141     @string{t="Tellus"}
142     @string{tac="Theoretical and Applied Climatology"}
143     @string{w="Weather"}
144     @string{wf="Weather and Forecasting"}
145     @string{ww="Weatherwise"}
146     @string{whc="Woods Hole Currents"}
147     @string{wmob="World Meteorological Organization Bulletin (WMO Bulletin)"}
148     @string{zdgg="Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft"}
149    
150    
151     @BOOK{thesis,
152     AUTHOR = {B. Fox-Kemper},
153     TITLE = {{Friction and Eddies: Removal of Vorticity from the Wind-Driven Gyre}},
154     YEAR = {{2003}},
155     PAGES = 310,
156     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis. MIT/WHOI, 2003-06}}
157     }
158    
159     @ARTICLE{fope04,
160     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and J. Pedlosky",
161     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Barotropic Gyre {I}: Circulation Control by Eddy Vorticity Fluxes to a Region of Enhanced Removal",
162     JOURNAL =jmr,
163     VOLUME ="62",
164     NUMBER ="2",
165     PAGE ="169-193",
166     YEAR ="2004"}
167    
168     @ARTICLE{fo04sg,
169     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper}",
170     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Barotropic Gyre {II}: Effects of eddies and low interior viscosity",
171     JOURNAL =jmr,
172     VOLUME ="62",
173     NUMBER ="2",
174     PAGE ="195-232",
175     YEAR ="2004"}
176    
177     @ARTICLE{fo04tg,
178     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper}",
179     TITLE ="Reevaluating the roles of eddies in multiple barotropic wind-driven gyres",
180     JOURNAL =jpo,
181     NOTE ="submitted",
182     YEAR ="2004"}
183    
184     @ARTICLE{fofepe03,
185     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and R. Ferrari and J. Pedlosky",
186     TITLE ="On the Indeterminacy of Rotational and Divergent Eddy Fluxes",
187     JOURNAL =jpo,
188     VOLUME ="33",
189     NUMBER ="2",
190     PAGES ="478-483",
191     YEAR ="2003"}
192    
193     @ARTICLE{gemc90,
194     AUTHOR ="P. R. Gent and J. C. {McWilliams}",
195     TITLE ="Isopycnal Mixing in Ocean Circulation Models",
196     JOURNAL =jpo,
197     VOLUME ="20",
198     PAGES ="150-155",
199     YEAR ="1990"}
200    
201     @ARTICLE{gemc96,
202     AUTHOR ="P. R. Gent and J. C. {McWilliams}",
203     TITLE ="Eliassen-Palm Fluxes and the Momentum Equation in Non-Eddy-Resolving Ocean Circulation Models",
204     JOURNAL =jpo,
205     VOLUME ="26",
206     PAGES ="2539-2546",
207     YEAR ="1996"}
208    
209     @ARTICLE{geetal95,
210     AUTHOR ="P. R. Gent and J. Willebrand and T. J. {McDougall} and J. C. {McWilliams}",
211     TITLE ="Parameterizing Eddy-Induced Tracer Transports in Ocean Circulation Models",
212     JOURNAL =jpo,
213     VOLUME ="25",
214     PAGES ="463-474",
215     YEAR ="1995"}
216    
217    
218     @ARTICLE{fepl03,
219     AUTHOR ="R. Ferrari and R. A. Plumb",
220     TITLE ="Residual Circulation in the Ocean",
221     JOURNAL ="Proceedings of the 13th 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop",
222     VOLUME ="13",
223     PAGES ="219-228",
224     YEAR ="2003"}
225    
226     @ARTICLE{PlumbFerrari05,
227     AUTHOR ="R. A. Plumb and R. Ferrari",
228     TITLE ="Transformed Eulerian-Mean Theory. {Part I: N}onquasigeostrophic Theory for Eddies on a Zonal-Mean Flow",
229     JOURNAL =jpo,
230     VOLUME ="35",
231     PAGES ="165-174",
232     YEAR ="2005"}
233    
234     @ARTICLE{Kuoetal05,
235     AUTHOR = "A. Kuo, A. Plumb, and J. Marshall",
236     TITLE ="Transformed Eulerian-Mean Theory. {Part I: N}onquasigeostrophic Theory for Eddies on a Zonal-Mean Flow",
237     JOURNAL =jpo,
238     VOLUME ="35",
239     PAGES ="175-187",
240     YEAR ="2005"
241     }
242    
243    
244     @UNPUBLISHED{fofe05,
245     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and R. Ferrari",
246     TITLE ="A Residual Mean {Parsons-Veronis} Model",
247     NOTE ="In preparation",
248     YEAR ="2005"}
249    
250     @UNPUBLISHED{fona05,
251     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and B. Nadiga",
252     TITLE ="On the Interpretation of Counter-Rotating Gyres in Alpha Models",
253     NOTE ="In preparation",
254     YEAR ="2005"}
255    
256     @UNPUBLISHED{fova05,
257     AUTHOR ="B. {Fox-Kemper} and G. K. Vallis",
258     TITLE ="Eddying and Non-eddying Models with a Bulk Mixed Layer and Nearly Adiabatic Interior",
259     NOTE ="In preparation",
260     YEAR ="2005"}
261    
262     @UNPUBLISHED{hafo05,
263     AUTHOR ="R. W. Hallberg and B. {Fox-Kemper}",
264     TITLE ="On Bounding Coriolis Errors in Shallow-water Models",
265     NOTE ="In preparation",
266     YEAR ="2005"}
267    
268     @UNPUBLISHED{ha03,
269     AUTHOR ="R. W. Hallberg",
270     TITLE ="The suitability of large-scale ocean models for adapting parameterizations of boundary mixing and a description of a refined bulk mixed layer model",
271     JOURNAL ="Proceedings of the 2003 'Aha Huliko'a Hawaiian Winter Workshop",
272     NOTE ="In press",
273     YEAR ="2003"}
274    
275     @BOOK{ha76,
276     AUTHOR = {Haidvogel, Dale B.},
277     TITLE = {{The sensitivity and predictability of mesoscale eddies in an idealized model ocean}},
278     PAGES = 245,
279     YEAR = 1976,
280     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology}}
281     }
282    
283     @ARTICLE{arfl03a,
284     AUTHOR ="Brian K. Arbic and Glenn R. Flierl",
285     TITLE ="Coherent vortices and kinetic energy ribbons in asymptotic, quasi
286     two-dimensional f-plane turbulence",
287     JOURNAL ="Physics of Fluids",
288     NOTE ="In press",
289     YEAR ="2003"}
290    
291     @ARTICLE{vasccadi02,
292     AUTHOR ="Paul C. F. {van der Vaart} and Henk M. Schuttelaars and Daniel Calvete and Henk. A Dijkstra",
293     TITLE ="Instability of time-dependent wind-driven ocean gyres",
294     JOURNAL ="Physics of Fluids",
295     VOLUME ="14",
296     NUMBER ="10",
297     PAGE ="3601-3615",
298     YEAR ="2002"}
299    
300     @ARTICLE{dika97,
301     AUTHOR ="Henk. A Dijkstra and C. A. Katsman",
302     TITLE ="Temporal Variability of the Wind-Driven Quasi-Geostrophic Double Gyre Ocean Circulation{: B}asic Bifurcation Diagrams",
303     JOURNAL =gafd,
304     VOLUME ="85",
305     NUMBER ="3-4",
306     PAGE ="195-232",
307     YEAR ="1997"}
308    
309     @ARTICLE{mo65,
310     AUTHOR ="G. E. Moore",
311     TITLE ="Cramming more components onto integrated circuits",
312     JOURNAL ="Electronics",
313     VOLUME ="38",
314     NUMBER ="8",
315     PAGE ="114-117",
316     YEAR ="1965"}
317    
318     @ARTICLE{spdigh95,
319     AUTHOR ="S. Speich and Henk. A Dijkstra and M. Ghil",
320     TITLE ="Successive bifurcations in a shallow-water model applied to the wind-drive ocean circulation",
321     JOURNAL ="Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics",
322     VOLUME ="2",
323     PAGE ="241-268",
324     YEAR ="1995"}
325    
326     @ARTICLE{cowi01,
327     AUTHOR ="C. Coulliette and S. Wiggins",
328     TITLE ="Intergyre Transport in a wind-driven, quasigeostropic double gyre: An application of lobe dynamics",
329     JOURNAL ="Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics",
330     VOLUME ="8",
331     PAGE ="69-94",
332     YEAR ="2001"}
333    
334     @ARTICLE{jijigh95,
335     AUTHOR ="Shi Jiang and {Fei-Fei} Jin and M. Ghil",
336     TITLE ="Multiple Equilibria, Periodic, and Aperiodic Solutions in a Wind-Driven, Double-gyre, Shallow-Water Model",
337     JOURNAL =jpo,
338     VOLUME ="25",
339     PAGE ="764-786",
340     YEAR ="1995"}
341    
342     @ARTICLE{Tretal97,
343     AUTHOR ="A. M. Treguier and I. M. Held and V. D. Larichev",
344     TITLE ="Parameterization of Quasigeostrophic Eddies in Primitive Equation Ocean Models",
345     JOURNAL =jpo,
346     VOLUME ="27",
347     PAGE ="567-580",
348     YEAR ="1997"}
349    
350     @ARTICLE{na93,
351     AUTHOR ="N. Nakamura",
352     TITLE ="An Illustrative Model of Instabilities in Meridionally and Vertically Sheared Flows",
353     JOURNAL =jpo,
354     VOLUME ="50",
355     PAGE ="357-786",
356     YEAR ="1993"}
357    
358     @ARTICLE{hamcge92,
359     AUTHOR ="D. B. Haidvogel and J. C. {McWilliams} and P. R. Gent",
360     TITLE ="Boundary Current Separation in a Quasigeostrophic, Eddy-resolving Ocean Circulation Model",
361     JOURNAL =jpo,
362     VOLUME ="22",
363     PAGE ="882-902",
364     YEAR ="1992"}
365    
366     @ARTICLE{chghidla02,
367     AUTHOR ="Kyung-Il Chang and Michael Ghil and Kayo Ide and Chung-Chieng Aaron Lai",
368     TITLE ="Transition to Aperiodic Variability in a Wind-Driven Double-Gyre Circulation Model",
369     JOURNAL =jpo,
370     VOLUME ="31",
371     PAGE ="1260-1286",
372     YEAR ="2001"}
373    
374     @ARTICLE{ghfesu02,
375     AUTHOR ="M. Ghil and Y. Feliks and L. U. Sushama",
376     TITLE ="Baroclinic and barotropic aspects of wind-driven ocean circulation",
377     JOURNAL ="Physica D",
378     VOLUME ="167",
379     PAGE ="1-35",
380     YEAR ="2002"}
381    
382     @ARTICLE{arfl03b,
383     AUTHOR ="Brian K. Arbic and Glenn R. Flierl",
384     TITLE ="Baroclinically unstable geostrophic turbulence in the limits of strong and weak Ekman friction: Application to mid-ocean eddies",
385     JOURNAL =jpo,
386     NOTE ="Submitted",
387     YEAR ="2003"}
388    
389     @ARTICLE{hamc87,
390     AUTHOR ="P. Haynes and M. E. {McIntyre}",
391     TITLE ="On the Evolution of Vorticity and Potential Vorticity in the Presence of Diabatic Heating and Frictional or other Forces",
392     JOURNAL =jas,
393     VOLUME ="44",
394     PAGES ="828-841",
395     YEAR ="1987"}
396    
397     @ARTICLE{el69,
398     AUTHOR ="A. Eliassen",
399     TITLE ="Theory of planetary wave-zonal flow interaction",
400     JOURNAL =jas,
401     VOLUME ="26",
402     PAGES ="73-81",
403     YEAR ="1969"}
404    
405     @ARTICLE{el68,
406     AUTHOR ="A. Eliassen",
407     TITLE ="On mesoscale mountain waves on the rotating Earth",
408     JOURNAL ="Geofys. Publ.",
409     VOLUME ="27",
410     NUMBER ="6",
411     PAGES ="1-15",
412     YEAR ="1968"}
413    
414     @ARTICLE{elpa61,
415     AUTHOR ="A. Eliassen and E. Palm",
416     TITLE ="On the transfer of energy in stational mountain waves",
417     JOURNAL ="Geofys. Publ.",
418     VOLUME ="22",
419     NUMBER ="3",
420     PAGES ="1-23",
421     YEAR ="1961"}
422    
423     @ARTICLE{anmc76a,
424     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
425     TITLE ="Planetary Waves in horizontal and vertical shear; the generalized {Eliassen-Palm} relation and the mean zonal acceleration",
426     JOURNAL =jas,
427     VOLUME ="33",
428     PAGES ="2031-2048",
429     YEAR ="1976"}
430    
431     @ARTICLE{anmc76b,
432     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
433     TITLE ="Planetary waves in horizontal and vertical shear; asymptotic theory for equatorial waves in weak shear",
434     JOURNAL =jas,
435     VOLUME ="33",
436     PAGES ="2049-2053",
437     YEAR ="1976"}
438    
439     @ARTICLE{anmc78a,
440     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
441     TITLE ="Generalized {Eliassen-Palm} and {Charney-Drazin} theorems for waves on axisymmetric flows in compressible atmospheres",
442     JOURNAL =jas,
443     VOLUME ="35",
444     PAGES ="175-185",
445     YEAR ="1978"}
446    
447     @ARTICLE{anmc78b,
448     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
449     TITLE ="An exact theory of nonlinear waves on a {Lagrangian-mean} flow",
450     JOURNAL =jfm,
451     VOLUME ="89",
452     PAGES ="609-646",
453     YEAR ="1978"}
454    
455     @ARTICLE{anmc78c,
456     AUTHOR ="D. G. Andrews and M. E. {McIntyre}",
457     TITLE ="On wave-action and its relatives",
458     JOURNAL =jfm,
459     VOLUME ="89",
460     PAGES ="647-664",
461     YEAR ="1978"}
462    
463     @ARTICLE{mcmc96a,
464     AUTHOR ="T. J. {McDougall} and P. C. {McIntosh}",
465     TITLE ="The Temporal-Residual Mean Velocity. {Part I: Derivation} and the Scalar Conservation Equations",
466     JOURNAL =jpo,
467     VOLUME ="26",
468     PAGES ="2653-2665",
469     YEAR ="1996"}
470    
471     @ARTICLE{mcmc01,
472     AUTHOR ="T. J. {McDougall} and P. C. {McIntosh}",
473     TITLE ="The Temporal-Residual-Mean Velocity. {Part II: Isopycnal} Interpretation and the Tracer and Momentum Equations",
474     JOURNAL =jpo,
475     VOLUME ="31",
476     PAGES ="1222-1246",
477     YEAR ="2001"}
478    
479     @ARTICLE{mcmc96b,
480     AUTHOR ="P. C. {McIntosh} and T. J. {McDougall}",
481     TITLE ="Isopycnal Averaging and the Residual Mean Circulation",
482     JOURNAL =jpo,
483     VOLUME ="26",
484     PAGES ="1655-1660",
485     YEAR ="1996"}
486    
487     @ARTICLE{th82,
488     AUTHOR ="D. J. Thomson",
489     TITLE ="Spectral estimation and harmonic analysis",
490     JOURNAL ="Proc. IEEE",
491     VOLUME ="70",
492     PAGES ="1055-1092",
493     YEAR ="1982"}
494    
495     @ARTICLE{ladamcgebr01,
496     AUTHOR ="W. G. Large and G. Danabasoglu and J. C. {McWilliams} and P. R. Gent and F. O. Bryan",
497     TITLE ="Equatorial Circulation of a Global Ocean Climate Model with Anisotropic Horizontal Viscosity",
498     JOURNAL =jpo,
499     VOLUME ="31",
500     PAGES ="518-536",
501     YEAR ="2001"}
502    
503     @ARTICLE{wuro85,
504     AUTHOR ="C. Wunsch and D. Roemmich",
505     TITLE ="Is the {North Atlantic} in {Sverdrup} balance?",
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523     Booktitle = "Evolution of Physical Oceanography",
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532     JOURNAL ="Physica D.",
533     Year = "1996",
534     VOLUME ="98",
535     Pages = "481-491" }
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540     JOURNAL ="Physics of Fluids",
541     Year = "1968",
542     Volume = "10",
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546     AUTHOR ="Bryan, K. and S. Manabe and R. C. Pacanowski",
547     TITLE ="A global ocean-atmosphere climate model. {Part II. T}he oceanic circulation",
548     JOURNAL =jpo,
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550     PAGES ="30-46",
551     YEAR ="1975"}
552    
553     @ARTICLE{re82,
554     AUTHOR ="M. H. Redi",
555     TITLE ="Oceanic isopycnal mixing by coordinate rotation",
556     JOURNAL =jpo,
557     VOLUME ="12",
558     PAGES ="1154-1158",
559     YEAR ="1982"}
560    
561     @ARTICLE{gr98,
562     AUTHOR ="S. M. Griffies",
563     TITLE ="The {Gent-McWilliams} Skew Flux",
564     JOURNAL =jpo,
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567     YEAR ="1998"}
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570     AUTHOR ="R. Salmon",
571     TITLE ="Poisson-Bracket Approach to the Construction of Energy- and Potential-Enstrophy-Conserving Algorithms for the Shallow-Water Equations",
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575     YEAR ="2004"}
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577     @TECHREPORT{suta95,
578     AUTHOR ="Max J. Suarez and Lawrence L. Takacs",
579     TITLE ="Documentation of the {ARIES/GEOS} Dynamical Core: Version 2",
580     TYPE ="{NASA} Technical Memorandum 104606, {Vol.} 5",
581     INSTITUTION="NASA Goddard Space Flight Center",
582     ADDRESS ="Greenbelt, Maryland",
583     YEAR ="1995"}
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585     @ARTICLE{arhs90,
586     AUTHOR ="A. Arakawa and {Y.-J.} G. Hsu",
587     TITLE ="Energy conserving and potential-enstrophy dissipating schemes for the shallow-water equations",
588     JOURNAL =mwr,
589     VOLUME ="118",
590     PAGES ="1960-1969",
591     YEAR ="1990"}
592    
593     @ARTICLE{arla81,
594     AUTHOR ="A. Arakawa and V. R. Lamb",
595     TITLE ="A Potential Enstrophy and Energy Conserving Scheme for the Shallow Water Equations",
596     JOURNAL =mwr,
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598     PAGES ="18-36",
599     YEAR ="1981"}
600    
601     @ARTICLE{sm63,
602     AUTHOR ="J. Smagorinsky",
603     TITLE ="General Circulation Experiments with the Primitive Equations {I}: The Basic Experiment",
604     JOURNAL =mwr,
605     VOLUME ="91",
606     NUMBER ="3",
607     PAGES ="99-164",
608     YEAR ="1963"}
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612     TITLE ="Investigation of problems in thermal convection",
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620     TITLE ="Effects of mean flow direction on energy, isotropy, and coherence of baroclinically unstable beta-plane geostrophic turbulence",
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622     JOURNAL =jpo,
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626     AUTHOR ="ETOPO5 Topographic Maps",
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628     INSTITUTION ="NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center",
629     YEAR ="1988",
630     ADDRESS ="Boulder, Colorado"}
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633     AUTHOR ="J. C. {McWilliams} and M. J. Molemaker and I. Yavneh",
634     TITLE ="From stirring to mixing of momentum: Cascades from balanced flows to dissipation in the oceanic interior",
635     BOOKTITLE ={{'Aha Huliko'a Proceedings}},
636     EDITOR ="P. Miller and D. Henderson",
637     PUBLISHER ="{SOEST} Special Publication",
638     ADDRESS ="Manoa, Hawaii",
639     PAGES ="59-66",
640     YEAR ="2001"}
641    
642     @INPROCEEDINGS{co01,
643     AUTHOR = {S. J. Cowley},
644     TITLE = {Laminar Boundary-Layer Theory: A 20th Century Paradox?},
645     BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of ICTAM 2000},
646     YEAR = {2001},
647     EDITOR = {H. Aref and J. W. Phillips},
648     PAGES = {389-411},
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650     ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}
651     }
652    
653     @ARTICLE{grna99,
654     AUTHOR ="R. J. Greatbatch and B. T. Nadiga",
655     TITLE ="Four-Gyre Circulation in a Barotropic Model with Double-Gyre Wind Forcing",
656     JOURNAL =jpo,
657     VOLUME ="30",
658     NUMBER ="6",
659     PAGES ="1461-1471",
660     YEAR ="1999"}
661    
662     @ARTICLE{grmc03,
663     AUTHOR ="R. J. Greatbatch and Trevor J. McDougall",
664     TITLE ="The Non-Boussinesq Temporal Residual Mean",
665     JOURNAL =jpo,
666     VOLUME ="33",
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668     PAGES ="1231-1239",
669     YEAR ="2003"}
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671    
672     @ARTICLE{ha03b,
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674     TITLE ="Planetary {Rossby} Waves in the {Northeast Atlantic Ocean}?",
675     JOURNAL ="Eos. Trans. AGU",
676     VOLUME ="84",
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678     PAGES ="{Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl.}, Abstract OS22L-05",
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680    
681     @INPROCEEDINGS{ha03,
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684     BOOKTITLE ="Beitr{\"a}ge zur Klima- und Meeresforschung, Aus Anlass des 70. Geburtstages von Peter Hupfer",
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686     ADDRESS ="Berlin, Bayreuth",
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806     TITLE ="Balanced Models and Dynamics fo the Large- and Mesoscale Circulation",
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927     PUBLISHER ="MIT Press",
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937     PAGES ="489",
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942     TITLE ="Principal Component Analysis",
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950     TITLE ="Hydrodynamic Stability",
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953     PAGES ="527",
954     YEAR ="1981"}
955    
956     @BOOK{lamb,
957     AUTHOR ="Horace Lamb",
958     TITLE ="Hydrodynamics",
959     PUBLISHER ="Dover Publications",
960     ADDRESS ="New York",
961     PAGES ="737",
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967     TITLE ="On the insensitivity of the wind-driven circulation to bottom topography",
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969     VOLUME ="59",
970     PAGES ="1-27",
971     YEAR ="1998"}
972    
973     @ARTICLE{grve98,
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975     TITLE ="Linear theory of the effect of a sloping boundary on circulation in a homogeneous laboratory model",
976     JOURNAL =jmr,
977     VOLUME ="56",
978     PAGES ="75-86",
979     YEAR ="1998"}
980    
981     @ARTICLE{grve97,
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983     TITLE ="A laboratory studey of effects of a sloping side boundary on wind-driven circulation in a homogeneous ocean model",
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985     VOLUME ="55",
986     PAGES ="1103-1126",
987     YEAR ="1997"}
988    
989     @ARTICLE{hudc01,
990     AUTHOR ="C. W. Hughes and B. A. {de Cuevas}",
991     TITLE ="Why Western Boundary Currents in Realistic Oceans are Inviscid: A Link between Form Stress and Bottom Pressure Torques",
992     JOURNAL =jpo,
993     VOLUME ="31",
994     PAGES ="2871-2885",
995     YEAR ="2001"}
996    
997     @ARTICLE{hu02,
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999     TITLE ="An extra dimension to mixing",
1000     JOURNAL ="Nature",
1001     VOLUME ="416",
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1006     AUTHOR ="Parsons, A. T.",
1007     TITLE ="A two-layer model of Gulf Stream separation",
1008     JOURNAL =jfm,
1009     VOLUME ="39",
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1011     YEAR ="1969"}
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1013     @ARTICLE{hufl87,
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1015     TITLE ="Two-layer Models for the Thermocline and Current Structure in Subtropical Subpolar Gyres",
1016     JOURNAL =jpo,
1017     VOLUME ="17",
1018     NUMBER ="7",
1019     PAGES ="872-884",
1020     YEAR ="1987"}
1021    
1022     @ARTICLE{hu87a,
1023     AUTHOR ="Huang, R. X.",
1024     TITLE ="A Three-Layer MODEL FOR WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION IN A SUBTROPICAL-SUBPOLAR BASIN {Part I: M}ODEL FORMULATION AND THE SUBCRITICAL STATE",
1025     JOURNAL =jpo,
1026     VOLUME ="17",
1027     PAGES ="664-678",
1028     YEAR ="1987"}
1029    
1030     @ARTICLE{hu87b,
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1032     TITLE ="A Three-LAYER MODEL FOR WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION IN A SUBTROPICAL-SUBPOLAR BASIN {Part II:} the Supercritical and Hypercritical States",
1033     JOURNAL =jpo,
1034     VOLUME ="17",
1035     PAGES ="679-697",
1036     YEAR ="1987"}
1037    
1038     @ARTICLE{hu88,
1039     AUTHOR ="Huang, R. X.",
1040     TITLE ="A Three-LAYER MODEL FOR WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION IN A SUBTROPICAL-SUBPOLAR BASIN {Part III: P}otential Vorticity Analysis",
1041     JOURNAL =jpo,
1042     VOLUME ="18",
1043     PAGES ="739-752",
1044     YEAR ="1988"}
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1048     TITLE ="On the Structure of western boundary currents with two moving layers",
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1057     JOURNAL ="Z. Angew. Math. Mech.",
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1060     YEAR ="1927"}
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1096     TITLE ="Model of World Ocean Circulation. {Part III: T}hermally and Wind Driven",
1097     JOURNAL =jmr,
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1100     YEAR ="1978"}
1101    
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1104     Title = "Dynamics of large-scale circulation",
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1114     BOOKTITLE ="Studies on Oceanography: A collection of papers dedicated to Koji Hidaka",
1115     TITLE ="The Influence of Friction on Inertial Models of Oceanic Circulation",
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1119     YEAR ="1964"}
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1127     YEAR ="1989"}
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1131     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation--{Part I. L}inear Theory and Perturbation Analysis",
1132     JOURNAL =dsr,
1133     VOLUME ="13",
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1570    
1571     @ARTICLE{rhho79,
1572     AUTHOR = {P. B. Rhines and W. R. Holland},
1573     TITLE = {A theoretical discussion of eddy-driven mean flows},
1574     JOURNAL = dao,
1575     YEAR = {1979},
1576     VOLUME = {3},
1577     PAGES = {289-325}}
1578    
1579     @INCOLLECTION{yo87,
1580     AUTHOR ="W. R. Young",
1581     EDITOR ="D. I. Arbarbanel and W. R. Young",
1582     TITLE ="General Circulation of the Oceans",
1583     CHAPTER ="Baroclinic Theories of the Wind Driven Circulation",
1584     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1585     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1586     PAGES ="134-201",
1587     YEAR ="1987"}
1588    
1589     @BOOK{as,
1590     AUTHOR ="Isaac Asimov",
1591     TITLE ="Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery",
1592     PUBLISHER ="Harper {\&} Row",
1593     ADDRESS ="New York",
1594     YEAR ="1989"}
1595    
1596     @BOOK{wu96,
1597     AUTHOR ="Carl Wunsch",
1598     TITLE ="The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem",
1599     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
1600     ADDRESS ="Cambridge; New York",
1601     YEAR ="1996",
1602     PAGES ="442"}
1603    
1604     @BOOK{mofe,
1605     AUTHOR ="Philip M. Morse and Herman Feshbach",
1606     TITLE ="Methods of Theoretical Physics",
1607     PUBLISHER ="McGraw-Hill, Inc.",
1608     ADDRESS ="New York",
1609     YEAR ="1953"}
1610    
1611     @BOOK{can,
1612     AUTHOR ="C. Canuto and M. Y. Hussaini and A. Quarteroni and T. A. Zang",
1613     TITLE ="Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics",
1614     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1615     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1616     YEAR ="1988"}
1617    
1618     @BOOK{bo,
1619     AUTHOR ="J. P. Boyd",
1620     TITLE ="Chebyshev {\&} Fourier Spectral Methods",
1621     PUBLISHER ="Springer-Verlag",
1622     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1623     YEAR ="2001",
1624     EDITION ="Second",
1625     PAGES ="668"}
1626    
1627     @BOOK{go,
1628     AUTHOR ="David Gottlieb and Steven A. Orszag",
1629     TITLE ="Numerical Analysis of Spectral Methods: Theory and Applications",
1630     PUBLISHER ="Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics",
1631     ADDRESS ="Philadelphia",
1632     YEAR ="1981",
1633     PAGES ="170"}
1634    
1635     @ARTICLE{oris74,
1636     AUTHOR ="Steven A. Orszag and Moshe Israeli",
1637     TITLE ="Numerical Simulations of Viscous Incompressible Flows",
1638     JOURNAL =arfm,
1639     VOLUME ="6",
1640     PAGES ="281-318",
1641     YEAR ="1974"}
1642    
1643     @ARTICLE{ba52,
1644     AUTHOR ="Batchelor, George K.",
1645     TITLE ="Diffusion in a Field of Homogeneous Turbulence",
1646     JOURNAL =jfm,
1647     VOLUME ="214",
1648     PAGES ="535-557",
1649     YEAR ="1952"}
1650    
1651     @BOOK{ba67,
1652     AUTHOR ="Batchelor, George K.",
1653     TITLE ="An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics",
1654     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
1655     ADDRESS ="Cambridge",
1656     PAGES ="615",
1657     YEAR ="1967"}
1658    
1659     @BOOK{ba60,
1660     AUTHOR ="Batchelor, George K.",
1661     TITLE ="The Theory of Homogeneous Turbulence",
1662     PUBLISHER ="Cambridge University Press",
1663     ADDRESS ="Cambridge",
1664     PAGES ="197",
1665     YEAR ="1960"}
1666    
1667     @BOOK{gr90,
1668     AUTHOR ="Greenspan, Harvey P.",
1669     TITLE ="The Theory of Rotating Fluids",
1670     PUBLISHER ="Breukelen Press",
1671     ADDRESS ="Brookline",
1672     YEAR ="1990",
1673     PAGES ="352"}
1674    
1675     @ARTICLE{pe65a,
1676     AUTHOR ="Pedlosky, Joseph",
1677     TITLE ="A Study of the Time Dependent Ocean Circulation",
1678     JOURNAL =jas,
1679     VOLUME ="22",
1680     PAGES ="267-272",
1681     YEAR ="1965"}
1682    
1683     @ARTICLE{pe65b,
1684     AUTHOR ="Pedlosky, Joseph",
1685     TITLE ="A Note on the Western Intensification of the Oceanic Circulation",
1686     JOURNAL =jmr,
1687     VOLUME ="23",
1688     PAGES ="207-209",
1689     YEAR ="1965"}
1690    
1691     @BOOK{grif,
1692     AUTHOR ="David Griffiths",
1693     TITLE ="Introduction to Electrodynamics",
1694     PUBLISHER ="Prentice Hall",
1695     ADDRESS ="Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey",
1696     YEAR ="1998",
1697     EDITION ="Third",
1698     PAGES ="576"}
1699    
1700     @BOOK{jack,
1701     AUTHOR ="David Jackson",
1702     TITLE ="Classical Electrodynamics",
1703     PUBLISHER ="John Wiley and Sons",
1704     ADDRESS ="New York",
1705     YEAR ="1998",
1706     EDITION ="Third",
1707     PAGES ="808"}
1708    
1709     @BOOK{pe87,
1710     AUTHOR ="Joseph Pedlosky",
1711     TITLE ="Geophysical Fluid Dynamics",
1712     PUBLISHER ="Springer",
1713     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1714     YEAR ="1987",
1715     EDITION ="Second",
1716     PAGES ="710"}
1717    
1718     @BOOK{pe96,
1719     AUTHOR ="Joseph Pedlosky",
1720     TITLE ="Ocean Circulation Theory",
1721     PUBLISHER ="Springer",
1722     ADDRESS ="Berlin",
1723     YEAR ="1996",
1724     PAGES ="453"}
1725    
1726     @BOOK{piem90,
1727     AUTHOR ="George L. Pickard and William J. Emery",
1728     TITLE ="Descriptive Physical Oceanography: An Introduction",
1729     PUBLISHER ="Butterworth Heinemann",
1730     ADDRESS ="Oxford",
1731     EDITION ="Fifth",
1732     YEAR ="1990"}
1733    
1734     @COLLECTION{ro63,
1735     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1736     EDITOR ="Allan R. Robinson",
1737     PUBLISHER ="Blaisdell Publishing Co.",
1738     ADDRESS ="New York",
1739     YEAR ="1963"}
1740    
1741     @BOOK{st58,
1742     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel",
1743     TITLE ="The Gulf Stream",
1744     PUBLISHER ="University of California Press, Cambridge University Press",
1745     ADDRESS ="Berkeley, Los Angeles, London",
1746     YEAR ="1958"}
1747    
1748     @ARTICLE{de41,
1749     AUTHOR ="Andreas Defant",
1750     TITLE ="{\emph{Meteor}} {Atlantic} expedition 1925-1927",
1751     JOURNAL ="Wiss. Ergebn.",
1752     VOLUME ="4",
1753     NUMBER ="2",
1754     PAGES ="191-260",
1755     YEAR ="1941"}
1756    
1757     @ARTICLE{sv47,
1758     AUTHOR ="Harald U. Sverdrup",
1759     TITLE ="Wind-Driven Currents in a Baroclinic Ocean; with Application to the Equatorial Currents of the Eastern {Pacific}",
1760     JOURNAL =pnas,
1761     VOLUME ="33",
1762     NUMBER ="11",
1763     PAGES ="318-326",
1764     YEAR ="1947"}
1765    
1766     @ARTICLE{st48,
1767     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel",
1768     TITLE ="The Westward Intensification of Wind-Driven Ocean Currents",
1769     JOURNAL ="Transactions, American Geophysical Union",
1770     VOLUME ="29",
1771     NUMBER ="2",
1772     PAGES ="202-206",
1773     YEAR ="1948"}
1774    
1775     @ARTICLE{st56,
1776     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel",
1777     TITLE ="On the determination of the depth of no meridional motion",
1778     JOURNAL =dsr,
1779     VOLUME ="3",
1780     PAGES ="273-278",
1781     YEAR ="1956"}
1782    
1783     @ARTICLE{mu50,
1784     AUTHOR ="Walter H. Munk",
1785     TITLE ="On the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1786     JOURNAL =jm,
1787     VOLUME ="7",
1788     NUMBER ="2",
1789     PAGES ="79-93",
1790     YEAR ="1950"}
1791    
1792     @ARTICLE{muca50,
1793     AUTHOR ="Walter H. Munk and George F. Carrier",
1794     TITLE ="The Wind-Driven Circulation in Ocean Basins of Various Shapes",
1795     JOURNAL =t,
1796     VOLUME ="2",
1797     NUMBER ="3",
1798     PAGES ="158-167",
1799     YEAR ="1950"}
1800    
1801     @ARTICLE{fo54,
1802     AUTHOR ="N. P. Fofonoff",
1803     TITLE ="Steady Flow in a Frictionless Homogenous Ocean",
1804     JOURNAL =jmr,
1805     VOLUME ="13",
1806     NUMBER ="3",
1807     PAGES ="254-262",
1808     YEAR ="1954"}
1809    
1810     @ARTICLE{ch55,
1811     AUTHOR ="Jule G. Charney",
1812     TITLE ="The {Gulf Stream} as an Inertial Boundary Layer",
1813     JOURNAL =pnas,
1814     VOLUME ="41",
1815     NUMBER ="10",
1816     PAGES ="731-740",
1817     YEAR ="1955"}
1818    
1819     @ARTICLE{chst62,
1820     AUTHOR ="Jule G. Charney and M. E. Stern",
1821     TITLE ="On the stability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere",
1822     JOURNAL =jas,
1823     VOLUME ="19",
1824     PAGES ="159-172",
1825     YEAR ="1962"}
1826    
1827     @ARTICLE{fj50,
1828     AUTHOR ="Fj{\o}rtoft, R.",
1829     TITLE ="Application of integral theorems in deriving criteria of stability for laminar flows and for the baroclinic circular vortex",
1830     JOURNAL ="Geofys. Publ.",
1831     VOLUME ="17",
1832     NUMBER ="6",
1833     PAGES ="1-52",
1834     YEAR ="1950"}
1835    
1836     @ARTICLE{mo56,
1837     AUTHOR ="G. W. Morgan",
1838     TITLE ="On the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1839     JOURNAL =t,
1840     VOLUME ="8",
1841     NUMBER ="3",
1842     PAGES ="301-320",
1843     YEAR ="1956"}
1844    
1845     @ARTICLE{star160,
1846     AUTHOR ="Henry M. Stommel and Arnold B. Arons",
1847     TITLE ="On the Abyssal Circulation of the World Ocean. I. Stationary Planetary Flow Patterns on a Sphere",
1848     JOURNAL =dsr,
1849     VOLUME ="6",
1850     PAGES ="140-154",
1851     YEAR ="1960"}
1852    
1853     @ARTICLE{star260,
1854     AUTHOR ="H. M. Stommel and A. B. Arons",
1855     TITLE ="On the Abyssal Circulation of the World Ocean. II. An Idealised Model of the Circulation Pattern and Amplitude in Oceanic Basins",
1856     JOURNAL =dsr,
1857     VOLUME ="6",
1858     PAGES ="217-233",
1859     YEAR ="1960"}
1860    
1861     @ARTICLE{caro62,
1862     AUTHOR ="G. F. Carrier and A. R. Robinson",
1863     TITLE ="On the Theory of the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1864     JOURNAL =jfm,
1865     VOLUME ="12",
1866     NUMBER ="1",
1867     PAGES ="49-80",
1868     YEAR ="1962"}
1869    
1870     @ARTICLE{gr62,
1871     AUTHOR ="Harvey P. Greenspan",
1872     TITLE ="A Criterion for the Existence of Inertial Boundary Layers in the Oceanic Circulation",
1873     JOURNAL =pnas,
1874     VOLUME ="48",
1875     PAGES ="2034-2039",
1876     YEAR ="1962"}
1877    
1878     @ARTICLE{mo63,
1879     AUTHOR ="D. W. Moore",
1880     TITLE ="{Rossby} Waves in Ocean Circulation",
1881     JOURNAL =dsr,
1882     VOLUME ="10",
1883     PAGES ="735-747",
1884     YEAR ="1963"}
1885    
1886     @ARTICLE{mo70,
1887     AUTHOR ="D. W. Moore",
1888     TITLE ="The Mass Transport Velocity Induced by Free Oscillations at a Single Frequency",
1889     JOURNAL ="Geophysical Fluid Dynamics",
1890     VOLUME ="1",
1891     PAGES ="237-247",
1892     YEAR ="1970"}
1893    
1894     @ARTICLE{br63,
1895     AUTHOR ="K. Bryan",
1896     TITLE ="A Numerical Investigation of a Nonlinear Model of a Wind-Driven OCean",
1897     JOURNAL =jas,
1898     VOLUME ="20",
1899     PAGES ="594-606",
1900     YEAR ="1963"}
1901    
1902     @ARTICLE{lawa79,
1903     AUTHOR ="N. Lau and J. M. Wallace",
1904     TITLE ="On the distribution of horizontal transports by transient eddies in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation",
1905     JOURNAL =jas,
1906     VOLUME ="36",
1907     PAGES ="1844-1861",
1908     YEAR ="1979"}
1909    
1910     @ARTICLE{ve63,
1911     AUTHOR ="George Veronis",
1912     TITLE ="An Analysis of wind-driven ocean circulation with a limited number of Fourier Components",
1913     JOURNAL =jas,
1914     VOLUME ="20",
1915     PAGES ="577-593",
1916     YEAR ="1963"}
1917    
1918     @ARTICLE{ni66,
1919     AUTHOR ="P. P. Niiler",
1920     TITLE ="On the Theory of the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1921     JOURNAL =dsr,
1922     VOLUME ="13",
1923     PAGES ="597-606",
1924     YEAR ="1966"}
1925    
1926     @ARTICLE{we64,
1927     AUTHOR ="Welander, P.",
1928     TITLE ="Note on the Role of Boundary Friction in the Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation",
1929     JOURNAL =t,
1930     VOLUME ="16",
1931     PAGES ="408-410",
1932     YEAR ="1964"}
1933    
1934     @ARTICLE{bl71,
1935     AUTHOR ="R. R. Blandford",
1936     TITLE ="Boundary Conditions in Homogenous Ocean Models",
1937     JOURNAL =dsr,
1938     VOLUME ="18",
1939     PAGES ="739-751",
1940     YEAR ="1971"}
1941    
1942     @ARTICLE{rh75,
1943     AUTHOR ="Peter B. Rhines",
1944     TITLE ="Waves and Turbulence on a Beta Plane",
1945     JOURNAL =jfm,
1946     VOLUME ="69",
1947     PAGES ="417-443",
1948     YEAR ="1975"}
1949    
1950     @ARTICLE{huch01,
1951     AUTHOR ="Rui Xin Huang and Li Chao",
1952     NOTE ="Personal Communication",
1953     YEAR ="2001"}
1954    
1955     @ARTICLE{hash01,
1956     AUTHOR ="Peter Haynes and Emily Shuckburgh",
1957     TITLE ="Effective diffusivity as a diagnostic of atmospheric transport 1. Stratosphere",
1958     JOURNAL =jgr,
1959     NUMBER ="105",
1960     VOLUME ="D18",
1961     PAGES ="3203-3211",
1962     YEAR ="2001"}
1963    
1964     @ARTICLE{pi91,
1965     AUTHOR ="Pierrehumbert, R. T.",
1966     TITLE ="Large-scale horizontal mixing in planetary atmospheres",
1967     JOURNAL ="Phys. Fluids",
1968     NUMBER ="A3",
1969     PAGES ="1250-1260",
1970     YEAR ="1991"}
1971    
1972     @ARTICLE{bo86,
1973     AUTHOR ="C. W. B{\"o}ning",
1974     TITLE ="On the Influence of Frictional Parameterizations in Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation Models",
1975     JOURNAL =dao,
1976     VOLUME ="10",
1977     PAGES ="63-92",
1978     YEAR ="1986"}
1979    
1980     @ARTICLE{ieru86,
1981     AUTHOR ="Glenn R. Ierley and O. G. Ruehr",
1982     TITLE ="Analytic and Numerical Solutions of a Nonlinear Boundary-layer Problem",
1983     JOURNAL ="Studies in Applied Math",
1984     VOLUME ="75",
1985     PAGES ="1-36",
1986     YEAR ="1986"}
1987    
1988     @ARTICLE{ie93,
1989     AUTHOR ="Glenn R. Ierley",
1990     TITLE ="Nonlinear disturbances of western boundary currents",
1991     JOURNAL =jpo,
1992     VOLUME ="17",
1993     NUMBER ="",
1994     PAGES ="2366-2374",
1995     YEAR ="1993"}
1996    
1997     @ARTICLE{ie87,
1998     AUTHOR ="Glenn R. Ierley",
1999     TITLE ="On the Onset of Recirculation in Barotropic General Circulation Models",
2000     JOURNAL =jpo,
2001     VOLUME ="17",
2002     NUMBER ="12",
2003     PAGES ="2366-2374",
2004     YEAR ="1987"}
2005    
2006     @ARTICLE{ie91,
2007     AUTHOR ="Glenn R. Ierley and W. R. Young",
2008     TITLE ="Viscous instabilities in the western boundary-layer",
2009     JOURNAL =jpo,
2010     VOLUME ="21",
2011     NUMBER ="9",
2012     PAGES ="1323-1332",
2013     YEAR ="1991"}
2014    
2015     @ARTICLE{ceieyo87,
2016     AUTHOR ="Paola Cessi and Glenn R. Ierley and W. R. Young",
2017     TITLE ="A Model of the Inertial Recirculation Deiven by Potential Vorticity Anomalies",
2018     JOURNAL =jpo,
2019     VOLUME ="17",
2020     NUMBER ="10",
2021     PAGES ="1640-1653",
2022     YEAR ="1987"}
2023    
2024     @ARTICLE{ce91,
2025     AUTHOR ="Paola Cessi",
2026     TITLE ="Laminar separation of colliding western boundary currents",
2027     JOURNAL =jmr,
2028     VOLUME ="49",
2029     PAGES ="697-717",
2030     YEAR ="1991"}
2031    
2032     @ARTICLE{cepr01,
2033     AUTHOR ="Paola Cessi and Francois Primeau",
2034     TITLE ="Dissipative selection of low-frequency modes in a reduced-gravity basin",
2035     JOURNAL =jpo,
2036     VOLUME ="31",
2037     NUMBER ="1",
2038     PAGES ="127-137",
2039     YEAR ="2001"}
2040    
2041     @ARTICLE{pr02,
2042     AUTHOR ="Francois Primeau",
2043     TITLE ="Long {Rossby} wave basin-crossing time and the resonance of low-frequency basin modes",
2044     JOURNAL =jpo,
2045     VOLUME ="32",
2046     PAGES ="2652-2665",
2047     YEAR ="2002"}
2048    
2049     @ARTICLE{pr98,
2050     AUTHOR ="Francois Primeau",
2051     TITLE ="Multiple Equilibria of a Double-Gyre Ocean Model with Super-Slip Boundary Conditions",
2052     JOURNAL =jpo,
2053     VOLUME ="28",
2054     PAGES ="2130-2147",
2055     YEAR ="1998"}
2056    
2057     @ARTICLE{lape02,
2058     AUTHOR ="Lacasce, J. H. and Pedlosky, J.",
2059     TITLE ="Baroclinic {Rossby} waves in irregular basins",
2060     JOURNAL =jpo,
2061     VOLUME ="32",
2062     NUMBER ="10",
2063     PAGES ="2828-2847",
2064     YEAR ="2002"}
2065    
2066     @ARTICLE{lape04,
2067     AUTHOR ="Lacasce, J. H. and Pedlosky, J.",
2068     TITLE ="The Instability of {Rossby} Basin Modes and the Oceanic Eddy Field",
2069     JOURNAL =jpo,
2070     NOTE ="submitted",
2071     YEAR ="2004"}
2072    
2073     @ARTICLE{mash81,
2074     AUTHOR ="John C. Marshall and Glenn Shutts",
2075     TITLE ="A Note on Rotational and Divergent Eddy Fluxes",
2076     JOURNAL =jpo,
2077     VOLUME ="11",
2078     PAGES ="1677-1680",
2079     YEAR ="1981"}
2080    
2081     @ARTICLE{ma84,
2082     AUTHOR ="John C. Marshall",
2083     TITLE ="Eddy Mean flow interaction in a barotropic ocean model",
2084     JOURNAL =qjrms,
2085     VOLUME ="100",
2086     NUMBER ="465",
2087     PAGES ="573-590",
2088     YEAR ="1984"}
2089    
2090     @ARTICLE{haho81,
2091     AUTHOR ="D. E. Harrison and W. R. Holland",
2092     TITLE ="Regional Eddy Vorticity Transport and the Equilibrium Vorticity Budgets of a Numerical Model Ocean Circulation",
2093     JOURNAL =jpo,
2094     VOLUME ="11",
2095     PAGES ="190-208",
2096     YEAR ="1981"}
2097    
2098     @ARTICLE{labo00,
2099     AUTHOR ="Joseph LaCasce and Amy S. Bower",
2100     TITLE ="Relative Dispersion in the Subsurface {North Atlantic}",
2101     JOURNAL =jmr,
2102     VOLUME ="58",
2103     PAGES ="863-894",
2104     YEAR ="2000"}
2105    
2106     @ARTICLE{bolo94,
2107     TITLE ="A Closer Look at Particle Exchange in the Gulf Stream",
2108     AUTHOR ="Amy S. Bower and M. Susan Lozier",
2109     JOURNAL =jpo,
2110     VOLUME ="24",
2111     PAGES ="1399-1418",
2112     YEAR ="1994"}
2113    
2114     @ARTICLE{boro89,
2115     TITLE ="Evidence of cross-frontal exchange processes in the {Gulf Stream} based on isopycnal {RAFOS} float data",
2116     AUTHOR ="Amy S. Bower and T. Rossby",
2117     JOURNAL =jmr,
2118     VOLUME ="19",
2119     PAGES ="1177-1190",
2120     YEAR ="1989"}
2121    
2122     @ARTICLE{roma00,
2123     AUTHOR ="Malcom J. Roberts and David P. Marshall",
2124     TITLE ="On the Validity of Downgradient Eddy Closures in Ocean Models",
2125     JOURNAL =jgr,
2126     VOLUME ="105",
2127     NUMBER ="C12",
2128     PAGES ="28,613-28,627",
2129     YEAR ="2000"}
2130    
2131     @ARTICLE{ma01,
2132     AUTHOR ="David P. Marshall",
2133     TITLE ="An implicit formula for boundary current separation",
2134     JOURNAL =jpo,
2135     VOLUME ="31",
2136     NUMBER ="6",
2137     PAGES ="1633-1638",
2138     YEAR ="2001"}
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2161     YEAR ="1990"}
2162    
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2171    
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2544     YEAR = 1993,
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2573     PAGES = {201-208},
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2579     TITLE = {{The atmospheric boundary layer over the tropical oceans}},
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2621     YEAR = 1983
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2666     low-frequency circulation patterns}},
2667     JOURNAL = mwr,
2668     VOLUME = 115,
2669     PAGES = {1083-1126},
2670     YEAR = 1987
2671     }
2672    
2673     @ARTICLE{Barsugli:Battisti1998,
2674     AUTHOR = {J. J. Barsugli and D. S. Battisti},
2675     TITLE = {{The basic effects of atmosphere
2676     ocean thermal coupling on midlatitude variability.}},
2677     JOURNAL = jas,
2678     VOLUME = {55},
2679     PAGES = {477-493},
2680     YEAR = 1998,
2681     NOTE = {}
2682     }
2683    
2684     @ARTICLE{Bates1999,
2685     AUTHOR = {J. R. Bates},
2686     TITLE = {{A dynamical stabilizer in the climate system: a mechanism
2687     suggested by a simple model}},
2688     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
2689     VOLUME = {51A},
2690     PAGES = {349-372},
2691     YEAR = 1999,
2692     NOTE = {}
2693     }
2694    
2695     @ARTICLE{we61,
2696     AUTHOR = {Ferris Webster},
2697     TITLE = {{The Effect of Meanders on the Kinetic Energy Balance of the Gulf Stream}},
2698     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
2699     VOLUME = {13},
2700     PAGES = {392-401},
2701     YEAR = {1961},
2702     NOTE = {}
2703     }
2704    
2705     @ARTICLE{scst98,
2706     AUTHOR = {Scott, R. B. and Straub, D. N.},
2707     TITLE = {Small Viscosity Behavior of a Homogeneous, Quasigeostrophic, Ocean Circulation Model},
2708     JOURNAL = jmr,
2709     VOLUME = {56},
2710     PAGES = {1225-1258},
2711     YEAR = {1998},
2712     NOTE = {}
2713     }
2714    
2715     @ARTICLE{Battisti1988,
2716     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D.S.},
2717     TITLE = {The dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in
2718     a coupled tropical atmosphere/ocean model.},
2719     JOURNAL = jas,
2720     YEAR = 1988,
2721     VOLUME = 45,
2722     PAGES = {2889-2919}
2723     }
2724    
2725     @BOOK{Battisti1988th,
2726     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D. S.},
2727     TITLE = {{Dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in a tropical atmosphere/ocean model}},
2728     PAGES = 153,
2729     YEAR = 1988,
2730     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis}}
2731     }
2732    
2733     @ARTICLE{Battisti:Hirst1989,
2734     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D. S. and A. C. Hirst},
2735     TITLE = {{Interannual variability in the tropical atmosphere/ocean system: influence of the basic state and ocean geometry}},
2736     JOURNAL = jas,
2737     VOLUME = 46,
2738     PAGES = {1687-1712},
2739     YEAR = 1989
2740     }
2741    
2742     @ARTICLE{Battisti:etal1995,
2743     AUTHOR = {Battisti, D. S. and U. S. Bhatt and M. A. Alexander},
2744     TITLE = {{A modeling study of the interannual variability in the
2745     wintertime North Atlantic Ocean}},
2746     JOURNAL = jc,
2747     VOLUME = 8,
2748     PAGES = {3067-3083},
2749     YEAR = 1995
2750     }
2751    
2752     @BOOK{Baumgartner:Reichel1975,
2753     AUTHOR = {A. Baumgartner and E. Reichel},
2754     TITLE = {{The world water balance: Mean annual global, continental and maritime precipitation, evaporation and run-off}},
2755     PAGES = 179,
2756     FIGS = {maps, 31},
2757     YEAR = 1975,
2758     PUBLISHER = {{Elsevier, Amsterdam}}
2759     }
2760    
2761     @ARTICLE{Beljaars:Holtslag1984,
2762     AUTHOR = {Beljaars, A. C. M. and A. A. M. Holtslag},
2763     TITLE = {{Flux parameterization over land surfaces for
2764     atmospheric models}},
2765     JOURNAL = {J. Appl. Meteor.},
2766     YEAR = 1984,
2767     VOLUME = 30,
2768     PAGES = {327-341}
2769     }
2770    
2771     @INCOLLECTION{Bengston1986,
2772     AUTHOR = {L. Begnston},
2773     TITLE = {{Four dimensional data assimilation. }},
2774     EDITOR = {{}},
2775     BOOKTITLE = {{International Conference on the results of the Global Weather Experiment and Their Implications for the World Weather Watch May 1985,}},
2776     PAGES = {27-31},
2777     YEAR = 1986,
2778     PUBLISHER = {Geneva, Switzerland. WMO/TD No. 107, GARP Pub.No.26, I: 187-216.}
2779     }
2780    
2781     @ARTICLE{Bennett:Budgell1987,
2782     AUTHOR = {A.F. Bennett and W.P. Budgell},
2783     TITLE = {{Ocean Data Assimilation and the Kalman Filter:
2784     Spatial Regularity}},
2785     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
2786     YEAR = 1987,
2787     VOLUME = 17,
2788     PAGES = {1584-1601}
2789     }
2790    
2791     @TECHREPORT{Berliand:Berliand1952,
2792     AUTHOR = {M. E. Berliand and T. G. Berliand},
2793     TITLE = {{Determining the net longwave radiation of the Earth
2794     with consideration of the effect of cloudiness (in Russian)}},
2795     INSTITUTION = {Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR Ser. Geofiz.},
2796     YEAR = 1952,
2797     NUMBER = 1,
2798     PAGES = {}
2799     }
2800    
2801     @ARTICLE{Betts1973,
2802     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2803     TITLE = {{Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its
2804     parameterization}},
2805     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
2806     VOLUME = 99,
2807     PAGES = {178-196},
2808     YEAR = 1973
2809     }
2810    
2811     @ARTICLE{Betts1975,
2812     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2813     TITLE = {{Parametric interpretation of trade-wind cumulus budget studies}},
2814     JOURNAL = jas,
2815     VOLUME = 32,
2816     PAGES = {1934-1945},
2817     YEAR = 1975
2818     }
2819    
2820     @ARTICLE{Betts1976,
2821     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2822     TITLE = {{Modeling subcloud layer structure and interaction with a
2823     shallow cumulus layer}},
2824     JOURNAL = jas,
2825     VOLUME = 33,
2826     PAGES = {2363-2382},
2827     YEAR = 1976
2828     }
2829    
2830     @ARTICLE{Betts1982a,
2831     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2832     TITLE = {{Saturation point analysis of moist convective overturning}},
2833     JOURNAL = jas,
2834     VOLUME = 39,
2835     PAGES = {1484-1505},
2836     YEAR = 1982
2837     }
2838    
2839     @ARTICLE{Betts1982b,
2840     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2841     TITLE = {{Cloud thermodynamic models in saturation point coordinates}},
2842     JOURNAL = jas,
2843     VOLUME = 39,
2844     PAGES = {2182-2191},
2845     YEAR = 1982
2846     }
2847    
2848     @ARTICLE{Betts1986,
2849     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2850     TITLE = {{A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: Observational and theoretical basis}},
2851     JOURNAL = {Q.J.Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
2852     VOLUME = 112,
2853     PAGES = {677-691},
2854     YEAR = 1986
2855     }
2856    
2857     @ARTICLE{Betts1990,
2858     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2859     TITLE = {{Greenhouse warming and the tropical water vapor budget}},
2860     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
2861     VOLUME = 71,
2862     PAGES = {1465-1467},
2863     YEAR = 1986
2864     }
2865    
2866     @ARTICLE{Betts1995,
2867     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts},
2868     TITLE = {{A lagged mixing parameterization for the dry convective
2869     boundary layer}},
2870     JOURNAL = mwr,
2871     VOLUME = 123,
2872     PAGES = {1912-1915},
2873     YEAR = 1995
2874     }
2875    
2876     @ARTICLE{Betts:Albrecht1987,
2877     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and B. A. Albrecht},
2878     TITLE = {{Conserved variable analysis of boundary layer thermodynamic
2879     structure over the tropical oceans}},
2880     JOURNAL = jas,
2881     VOLUME = 44,
2882     PAGES = {83-99},
2883     YEAR = 1987
2884     }
2885    
2886     @ARTICLE{Betts:Boers1990,
2887     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and R. Boers},
2888     TITLE = {{A cloudiness transition in a marine boundary layer}},
2889     JOURNAL = jas,
2890     VOLUME = 46,
2891     PAGES = {2621-2641},
2892     YEAR = 1990
2893     }
2894    
2895     @ARTICLE{Betts:Miller1986,
2896     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and M. J. Miller},
2897     TITLE = {{A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column
2898     tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and arctic
2899     air-mass data sets}},
2900     JOURNAL = {Q.J.Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
2901     VOLUME = 112,
2902     PAGES = {693-709},
2903     YEAR = 1986
2904     }
2905    
2906     @INCOLLECTION{Betts:Miller1993,
2907     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and M. J. Miller},
2908     TITLE = {{The Betts-Miller scheme}},
2909     EDITOR = {{K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond}},
2910     BOOKTITLE = {{The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models}},
2911     PAGES = {107-121},
2912     YEAR = 1993,
2913     PUBLISHER = {American Meteorological Society, Boston}
2914     }
2915    
2916     @ARTICLE{Betts:Ridgway1988,
2917     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and W. Ridgway},
2918     TITLE = {{Coupling of radiative, convective, and surface fluxes over
2919     the equatorial Pacific}},
2920     JOURNAL = jas,
2921     VOLUME = 45,
2922     PAGES = {522-536},
2923     YEAR = 1988
2924     }
2925    
2926     @ARTICLE{Betts:Ridgway1989,
2927     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and W. Ridgway},
2928     TITLE = {{Climatic equilibrium of the atmospheric convective boundary
2929     layer over a tropical ocean}},
2930     JOURNAL = jas,
2931     VOLUME = 46,
2932     PAGES = {2621-2641},
2933     YEAR = 1989
2934     }
2935    
2936     @ARTICLE{Betts:Ridgway1992,
2937     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and W. Ridgway},
2938     TITLE = {{Tropical boundary layer equilibrium in the last ice age}},
2939     JOURNAL = jgr,
2940     VOLUME = 97,
2941     PAGES = {2529-2534},
2942     YEAR = 1992
2943     }
2944    
2945     @ARTICLE{Betts:etal1995,
2946     AUTHOR = {A. K. Betts and C. S. Bretherton and E. Klinker},
2947     TITLE = {{Relation between mean boundary-layer structure and
2948     cloudiness at the R/V {\em Valdivia} during ASTEX}},
2949     JOURNAL = jas,
2950     VOLUME = 52,
2951     PAGES = {2752-2762},
2952     YEAR = 1995
2953     }
2954    
2955     @ARTICLE{Bhatt:etal1998,
2956     AUTHOR = {U. S. Bhatt and M. A. Alexander and D. S. Battisti and
2957     D. D. Houghton and L. M. Keller},
2958     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-ocean interaction in the North Atlantic:
2959     Near-surface variability}},
2960     JOURNAL = jc,
2961     VOLUME = 11,
2962     PAGES = {1615-1632},
2963     YEAR = 1998
2964     }
2965    
2966     @BOOK{Bigg1996,
2967     AUTHOR = {G. R. Bigg},
2968     TITLE = {{The Oceans and Climate}},
2969     PAGES = 266,
2970     YEAR = 1996,
2971     PUBLISHER = {{Cambridge University Press, England, 266pp}}
2972     }
2973    
2974     @ARTICLE{Bishop:Rossow1991,
2975     AUTHOR = {J. K. B. Bishop and W. B. Rossow},
2976     TITLE = {{Spatial and temporal variability of global surface solar irradiance}},
2977     JOURNAL = jgr,
2978     VOLUME = 96,
2979     PAGES = {16 839-16 858},
2980     YEAR = 1991
2981     }
2982    
2983     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1964,
2984     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
2985     TITLE = {{Atlantic air-sea interaction}},
2986     JOURNAL = {Adv. in Geophys.},
2987     VOLUME = 10,
2988     PAGES = {1-82},
2989     YEAR = 1964
2990     }
2991    
2992     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1966,
2993     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
2994     TITLE = {{A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anormalies of ocean temperature.}},
2995     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
2996     VOLUME = 18,
2997     PAGES = {820-29},
2998     YEAR = 1966
2999     }
3000    
3001     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1969,
3002     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
3003     TITLE = {{Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific}},
3004     JOURNAL = mwr,
3005     VOLUME = 97,
3006     PAGES = {163-72},
3007     YEAR = 1969
3008     }
3009    
3010     @ARTICLE{Bjerknes1972,
3011     AUTHOR = {J. Bjerknes},
3012     TITLE = {{Large-scale atmospheric response to the 1964-65 Pacific equatorial warming}},
3013     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3014     VOLUME = 15,
3015     PAGES = {1255-73},
3016     YEAR = 1972
3017     }
3018    
3019     @ARTICLE{Blade:Hartmann1993,
3020     AUTHOR = {I. Blad\'{e} and D. L. Hartmann},
3021     TITLE = {{Tropical intraseasonal oscillations in a simple nonlinear model}},
3022     JOURNAL = jas,
3023     VOLUME = 50,
3024     PAGES = {2922-2939},
3025     YEAR = 1993
3026     }
3027    
3028     @ARTICLE{Blade1999,
3029     AUTHOR = {I. Blad\'{e}},
3030     TITLE = {{The influence of mid-latitude ocean-atmosphere coupling on
3031     the low-frequency variability of a GCM. Part II:
3032     Interannual variability induced by tropical SST forcing}},
3033     JOURNAL = jc,
3034     VOLUME = 12,
3035     PAGES = {21-45},
3036     YEAR = 1999
3037     }
3038    
3039     @ARTICLE{Blanc1987,
3040     AUTHOR = {T. V. Blanc},
3041     TITLE = {{Accuracy of bulk method determined flux, stability, and sea surface roughness}},
3042     JOURNAL = jgr,
3043     VOLUME = 80,
3044     PAGES = {3867-3876},
3045     YEAR = 1987
3046     }
3047    
3048     @ARTICLE{Blandford1966,
3049     AUTHOR = {Blandford, R.},
3050     TITLE = {{Mixed gravity-{Rossby} waves in the ocean}},
3051     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
3052     YEAR = {1966},
3053     VOLUME = {13},
3054     OPTNUMBER = {},
3055     PAGES = {941-961},
3056     OPTMONTH = {},
3057     OPTNOTE = {}
3058     }
3059    
3060     @ARTICLE{Bleck1979,
3061     AUTHOR = {R. Bleck},
3062     TITLE = {{Finite-difference equations in generalized vertical coordinates. Part II: Potential vorticity conservation}},
3063     JOURNAL = {Contrib. Atmos. Phys.},
3064     VOLUME = 51,
3065     PAGES = {360-372},
3066     YEAR = 1979
3067     }
3068    
3069     @ARTICLE{Bleck:Boudra1981,
3070     AUTHOR = {R. Bleck and D. B. Boudra},
3071     TITLE = {{Initial testing of a numerical ocean circulation model using a hybird (quasi-isopycinc) vertical coordinate}},
3072     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3073     VOLUME = 11,
3074     PAGES = {755-770},
3075     YEAR = 1981
3076     }
3077    
3078     @ARTICLE{Bleck:Boudra1986,
3079     AUTHOR = {R. Bleck and D. B. Boudra},
3080     TITLE = {{Wind-driven spin-up in eddy-resolving ocean models formulated in isopycnic and isobaric coordinates}},
3081     JOURNAL = jgr,
3082     VOLUME = 91,
3083     PAGES = {7611-7621},
3084     YEAR = 1986
3085     }
3086    
3087     @BOOK{Blumenthal1987,
3088     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3089     TITLE = {{Interpretation of equatorial current meter data as internal waves}},
3090     PAGES = 381,
3091     YEAR = 1987,
3092     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis, MIT/WHOI, WHOI-87-7}}
3093     }
3094    
3095     @INPROCEEDINGS{Blumenthal1990,
3096     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3097     TITLE = {Effects of{ West African} air humidity on Atlantic sea surface temperature.},
3098     BOOKTITLE = {Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought},
3099     YEAR = 1990,
3100     EDITOR = {Prof. R. Paepe and Rhodes W. Fairbridge and Saskia Jelgersma},
3101     PAGES = {21-40},
3102     SERIES = {NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
3103     Geohydrological Management of Sea Level and
3104     Mitigation of Drought},
3105     PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
3106     ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}
3107     }
3108    
3109     @ARTICLE{Blumenthal1991,
3110     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3111     TITLE = {Predictability of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model},
3112     JOURNAL = jc,
3113     YEAR = 1991,
3114     VOLUME = {4},
3115     NUMBER = 8,
3116     PAGES = {766-784}
3117     }
3118    
3119     @UNPUBLISHED{Blumenthal1992,
3120     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal},
3121     TITLE = {{An advective air-humidity model}},
3122     YEAR = {1992}
3123     }
3124    
3125     @ARTICLE{Blumenthal:Cane1989,
3126     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal and Mark A. Cane},
3127     TITLE = {{Accounting for parameter uncertainties in model verification: an illustration with tropical sea surface temperature}},
3128     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3129     VOLUME = 19,
3130     PAGES = {815-830},
3131     YEAR = 1989
3132     }
3133    
3134     @ARTICLE{Blumenthal:etal1994,
3135     AUTHOR = {M. Benno Blumenthal and R. Seager and Mark A. Cane},
3136     TITLE = {{Two dynamical improvements of a model for tropical Pacific
3137     sea surface temperature}},
3138     JOURNAL = {to be submitted to J. Geophys. Res.},
3139     VOLUME = {},
3140     PAGES = {},
3141     YEAR = 1994
3142     }
3143    
3144     @ARTICLE{Boers:Betts1988,
3145     AUTHOR = {R. Boers and A. K. Betts},
3146     TITLE = {{Saturation point structure of marine stratocumulus clouds}},
3147     JOURNAL = jas,
3148     VOLUME = 45,
3149     PAGES = {1156-1175},
3150     YEAR = 1988
3151     }
3152    
3153     @BOOK{Boerstel1988,
3154     AUTHOR = {J. W. Boerstel},
3155     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation in 3-D Euler flow simulation, numerical methods of fluid dynamics 111}},
3156     PAGES = {187-214},
3157     YEAR = 1988,
3158     PUBLISHER = {{Oxford, England}}
3159     }
3160    
3161     @ARTICLE{Bourke:McGregor1983,
3162     AUTHOR = {W. Bourke and J. L. McGregor},
3163     TITLE = {{A nonlinear vertical mode initialization scheme for a
3164     limited area prediction model}},
3165     JOURNAL = mwr,
3166     VOLUME = 111,
3167     PAGES = {2285-2297},
3168     YEAR = 1983
3169     }
3170    
3171     @ARTICLE{Boyle:Keigwin1987,
3172     AUTHOR = {Boyle, E. A. and L. Keigwin},
3173     TITLE = {{North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the past
3174     20,000 years linked to high-latitude surface
3175     temperature}},
3176     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3177     VOLUME = {315},
3178     PAGES = {35-40},
3179     YEAR = {1987}
3180     }
3181    
3182     @ARTICLE{Branscome:etal1989,
3183     AUTHOR = {L. E. Branscome and W. J. Gutowski and D. A. Stewart},
3184     TITLE = {{Effect of surface fluxes on the nonlinear development of
3185     baroclinic waves}},
3186     JOURNAL = jas,
3187     VOLUME = 46,
3188     PAGES = {460-475},
3189     YEAR = 1989
3190     }
3191    
3192     @ARTICLE{Bretherton1982,
3193     AUTHOR = {F. Bretherton},
3194     TITLE = {{Ocean climate modeling}},
3195     JOURNAL = {Progr. Oceanogr.},
3196     VOLUME = 46,
3197     PAGES = {2621-2641},
3198     YEAR = 1982
3199     }
3200    
3201     @ARTICLE{Bretherton1993,
3202     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton},
3203     TITLE = {{Understanding Albrecht's model of trade cumulus cloud fields}},
3204     JOURNAL = jas,
3205     VOLUME = 50,
3206     PAGES = {2264-2283},
3207     YEAR = 1993
3208     }
3209    
3210     @ARTICLE{Bretherton:etal1992,
3211     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton and C. Smith and J. M. Wallace},
3212     TITLE = {{An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns
3213     in climate data}},
3214     JOURNAL = jc,
3215     VOLUME = 5,
3216     PAGES = {541-560},
3217     YEAR = 1992
3218     }
3219    
3220     @ARTICLE{Bretherton:Battisti2000,
3221     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton and D. S. Battisti},
3222     TITLE = {{An interpretation of the results from atmospheric general
3223     circulation models forced by the time history of the
3224     observed sea surface temperature distribution}},
3225     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
3226     VOLUME = {27},
3227     PAGES = {767-770},
3228     YEAR = 2000,
3229     NOTE = {}
3230     }
3231    
3232     @ARTICLE{Bretherton:etal1995,
3233     AUTHOR = {C. S. Bretherton and E. Klinker and A. K Betts and
3234     J. A. Coakley},
3235     TITLE = {{Comparison of ceilometer, satellite and synoptic
3236     measurements of boundary layer cloudiness and the
3237     ECMWF diagnostic cloud parameterization scheme
3238     during ASTEX}},
3239     JOURNAL = jas,
3240     VOLUME = 52,
3241     PAGES = {2736-2751},
3242     YEAR = 1995
3243     }
3244    
3245     @ARTICLE{Briscoe1977,
3246     AUTHOR = {M. Briscoe},
3247     TITLE = {{Gaussianity of internal waves}},
3248     JOURNAL = jgr,
3249     VOLUME = 82,
3250     PAGES = {2117-2126},
3251     YEAR = 1977
3252     }
3253    
3254     @ARTICLE{Broccoli:Manabe1987,
3255     AUTHOR = {Broccoli, A. J. and S. Manabe},
3256     TITLE = {{The influence of continental ice, atmospheric $CO_2$, and
3257     land albedo on the climate of the last glacial maximum}},
3258     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
3259     VOLUME = 1,
3260     PAGES = {87-99},
3261     YEAR = 1987
3262     }
3263    
3264     @ARTICLE{Broecker1987,
3265     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3266     TITLE = {{The biggest chill}},
3267     JOURNAL = {Natural History},
3268     VOLUME = 96,
3269     PAGES = {74-82},
3270     YEAR = 1987
3271     }
3272    
3273     @ARTICLE{Broecker1991,
3274     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3275     TITLE = {{The great ocean conveyor}},
3276     JOURNAL = {Oceanography},
3277     VOLUME = 4,
3278     PAGES = {79-89},
3279     YEAR = 1991
3280     }
3281    
3282     @ARTICLE{Broecker1994,
3283     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3284     TITLE = {{Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global
3285     climate change}},
3286     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3287     VOLUME = 372,
3288     PAGES = {412--424},
3289     YEAR = 1994
3290     }
3291    
3292     @ARTICLE{Broecker1997a,
3293     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3294     TITLE = {{Mountain Glaciers: Recorders of atmospheric water vapor content?}},
3295     JOURNAL = {Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles},
3296     VOLUME = {11},
3297     PAGES = {589-597},
3298     YEAR = 1997
3299     }
3300    
3301     @ARTICLE{Broecker1997b,
3302     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker},
3303     TITLE = {{Thermohaline circulation, the Achilles heel of our climate
3304     system: Will man-made $CO_2$ upset the climate balance?}},
3305     JOURNAL = {Science},
3306     VOLUME = {278},
3307     PAGES = {1582-1588},
3308     YEAR = 1997
3309     }
3310    
3311     @ARTICLE{Broecker:Denton1989,
3312     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker and G. H. Denton},
3313     TITLE = {{The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles}},
3314     JOURNAL = {Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta},
3315     VOLUME = {53},
3316     PAGES = {2465-2501},
3317     YEAR = 1989
3318     }
3319    
3320     @ARTICLE{Broecker:Denton1990,
3321     AUTHOR = {W.S. Broecker and G. H. Denton},
3322     TITLE = {{What drives glacial cycles?}},
3323     JOURNAL = {Sci. Am.},
3324     VOLUME = {},
3325     PAGES = {49-56},
3326     YEAR = 1990
3327     }
3328    
3329     @ARTICLE{Bryan1969,
3330     AUTHOR = {K. Bryan},
3331     TITLE = {{A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world ocean}},
3332     JOURNAL = {J. Comput. Phys.},
3333     VOLUME = 4,
3334     PAGES = {347-376},
3335     YEAR = 1969
3336     }
3337    
3338     @ARTICLE{Bryan1986F,
3339     AUTHOR = {F. Bryan},
3340     TITLE = {{High-latitude salinity effects and interhemispheric thermohaline circulations}},
3341     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3342     VOLUME = 323,
3343     PAGES = {301-304},
3344     YEAR = 1986
3345     }
3346    
3347     @ARTICLE{Bryan1986K,
3348     AUTHOR = {K. Bryan},
3349     TITLE = {{Poleward bouyancy transport in the ocean and mesoscale eddies}},
3350     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3351     VOLUME = 16,
3352     PAGES = {927-933},
3353     YEAR = 1986
3354     }
3355    
3356     @ARTICLE{Bryan1987,
3357     AUTHOR = {F. Bryan},
3358     TITLE = {{Parameter sensitivity of primitive equation ocean general circulation models}},
3359     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3360     VOLUME = 17,
3361     PAGES = {970-985},
3362     YEAR = 1987
3363     }
3364    
3365     @ARTICLE{Bunker:etal1949,
3366     AUTHOR = {A. Bunker and B. Haurwitz and J.S. Malkus and H. M. Stommel},
3367     TITLE = {{Vertical distribution of temperature and humidity over the Caribbean sea}},
3368     JOURNAL = {Papers in Phys. Oceanogr. and Met. {\rm published by Mass. Inst. Tech. and Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst.}},
3369     VOLUME = 11,
3370     PAGES = {1-82},
3371     YEAR = 1949
3372     }
3373    
3374     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:Cane1983,
3375     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and Mark A. Cane},
3376     TITLE = {{Hindcast of 1982-1983 Pacific sea level}},
3377     JOURNAL = {Papers from 1982-1983 ENSO Data Display Workshop},
3378     PAGES = {147-158},
3379     YEAR = 1983
3380     }
3381    
3382     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:Cane1985,
3383     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and Mark A. Cane},
3384     TITLE = {{Hindcasts of sea level variations during 1982/83 El Ni\~no}},
3385     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3386     VOLUME = 15,
3387     PAGES = {213-221},
3388     YEAR = 1985
3389     }
3390    
3391     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:Cane1988,
3392     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and Mark A. Cane},
3393     TITLE = {{The effect of varying stratification on low-frequency equatorial motions}},
3394     JOURNAL = { J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3395     VOLUME = 18,
3396     PAGES = {213-221},
3397     YEAR = 1988
3398     }
3399    
3400     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:OBrien1981,
3401     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and J.J. O'Brien},
3402     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific in the 1960s}},
3403     JOURNAL = jgr,
3404     VOLUME = 86,
3405     PAGES = {10901-10907},
3406     YEAR = 1981
3407     }
3408    
3409     @ARTICLE{Busalacchi:etal1983,
3410     AUTHOR = {A. J. Busalacchi and K. Takeuchi and J.J. O'Brien},
3411     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific - revisited}},
3412     JOURNAL = {J. of Geophys. Res.},
3413     VOLUME = 88,
3414     PAGES = {7551-7562},
3415     YEAR = 1983
3416     }
3417    
3418     @ARTICLE{Bush:Philander1998,
3419     AUTHOR = {Bush, A. B. G. and S. G. H. Philander},
3420     TITLE = {{The role of ocean-atmosphere interactions in tropical
3421     cooling during the last glacial maximum}},
3422     JOURNAL = {Science},
3423     VOLUME = 279,
3424     PAGES = {1341-1344},
3425     YEAR = 1998
3426     }
3427    
3428     @ARTICLE{Businger:etal1971,
3429     AUTHOR = {Businger, J. A. and J. C. Wyngaard and Y. Izumi and E. F. Bradley},
3430     TITLE = {{Flux-Profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer}},
3431     JOURNAL = jas,
3432     VOLUME = 28,
3433     PAGES = {181-189},
3434     YEAR = 1971
3435     }
3436    
3437     @ARTICLE{Canby1984,
3438     AUTHOR = {Canby, T.Y.},
3439     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no's} Ill Wind},
3440     JOURNAL = {Natl. Geogr.},
3441     YEAR = 1984,
3442     VOLUME = 165,
3443     PAGES = {144-183}
3444     }
3445    
3446     @BOOK{Cane1975,
3447     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3448     TITLE = {{A study of the wind-driven ocean circulation in an equatorial basin}},
3449     PAGES = 372,
3450     YEAR = 1975,
3451     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology}}
3452     }
3453    
3454     @BOOK{numrec,
3455     AUTHOR = {William H. Press and Saul A. Teukolsky and William T. Vetterling and Brian P. Flannery},
3456     TITLE = {{Numerical Recipes in C}},
3457     PAGES = 993,
3458     YEAR = 1992,
3459     Edition = 2,
3460     PUBLISHER = {{Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom}}
3461     }
3462    
3463     @ARTICLE{Cane1979I,
3464     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3465     TITLE = {{The response of an equatorial ocean to simple wind stress patterns I: numerical results}},
3466     JOURNAL = jmr,
3467     VOLUME = 37,
3468     PAGES = { 233-252},
3469     YEAR = { 1979}
3470     }
3471    
3472     @ARTICLE{Cane1979II,
3473     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3474     TITLE = {{The response of an equatorial ocean to simple wind stress patterns II: numerical results}},
3475     JOURNAL = jmr,
3476     VOLUME = 37,
3477     PAGES = {355-398},
3478     YEAR = 1979
3479     }
3480    
3481     @ARTICLE{Cane1980,
3482     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3483     TITLE = {{On the dynamics of equatorial currents with application to the Indian ocean}},
3484     JOURNAL = jmr,
3485     VOLUME = {27A},
3486     PAGES = { 525-544},
3487     YEAR = 1980
3488     }
3489    
3490     @INCOLLECTION{Cane1982,
3491     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3492     TITLE = {{The variability of equatorial currents.}},
3493     EDITOR = {McCreary, J. P. and D. W. Moore and J. Witte},
3494     BOOKTITLE = {{Recent Progress in Equatorial Oceanography}},
3495     PAGES = {197-206},
3496     YEAR = 1982,
3497     PUBLISHER = { Nova/NYIT Press, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida}
3498     }
3499    
3500     @ARTICLE{Cane1983,
3501     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3502     TITLE = {{Oceanographic events during El Ni\~no}},
3503     JOURNAL = {Science},
3504     VOLUME = 222,
3505     PAGES = { 1189-1194},
3506     YEAR = { 1983}
3507     }
3508    
3509     @ARTICLE{Cane1984,
3510     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3511     TITLE = {{Modeling sea level during El Ni\~no}},
3512     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3513     VOLUME = 14,
3514     PAGES = {586-606},
3515     YEAR = 1984
3516     }
3517    
3518     @ARTICLE{Cane1986,
3519     AUTHOR = {Cane, M.A.},
3520     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no}},
3521     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet Sci.},
3522     YEAR = 1986,
3523     VOLUME = 14,
3524     PAGES = {43-70}
3525     }
3526    
3527     @ARTICLE{Cane1986ElNino,
3528     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3529     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no}},
3530     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.},
3531     VOLUME = 14,
3532     PAGES = {43-70},
3533     YEAR = 1986
3534     }
3535    
3536     @INCOLLECTION{Cane1986Introduction,
3537     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3538     TITLE = {{Introduction to ocean modeling.}},
3539     EDITOR = {J.J. O'Brien},
3540     BOOKTITLE = {{Advanced Physical Oceanographic Numerical Modeling}},
3541     PAGES = {5-21},
3542     YEAR = 1986,
3543     PUBLISHER = {Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland}
3544     }
3545    
3546     @ARTICLE{Cane1989,
3547     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane},
3548     TITLE = {{A mathematical note on Kawase's study of the deep-ocean
3549     circulation}},
3550     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3551     VOLUME = 19,
3552     PAGES = {548-550},
3553     YEAR = 1989
3554     }
3555    
3556     @INCOLLECTION{Cane1991,
3557     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A.},
3558     TITLE = {{Forecasting El Ni\~no with a Geophysical Model}},
3559     BOOKTITLE = {{Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate
3560     Anomalies.}},
3561     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge U. Press},
3562     YEAR = 1991,
3563     EDITOR = {Glantz, M.H. and R.W. Katz and N. Nicholls},
3564     CHAPTER = 11,
3565     PAGES = {345-369},
3566     ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England}
3567     }
3568    
3569     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Busalacchi1987,
3570     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and A.J. Busalacchi},
3571     TITLE = {{Atlantic seasonality: conclusions.}},
3572     EDITOR = {E. Katz and J. Witte},
3573     BOOKTITLE = {{Further Progress in Equatorial Oceanography}},
3574     PAGES = {255-258},
3575     YEAR = { 1987},
3576     PUBLISHER = { Nova University Press, Ft. Lauderdale}
3577     }
3578    
3579     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Cardone1981,
3580     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and V. Cardone},
3581     TITLE = {{The potential impact of scatterometry on oceanography: a wave forecasting case.}},
3582     EDITOR = {J.F. Gower},
3583     BOOKTITLE = {{Oceanography from Spac}},
3584     PAGES = {587-596},
3585     YEAR = 1981,
3586     PUBLISHER = { Plenum Press, New York}
3587     }
3588    
3589     @ARTICLE{Cane:Gent1984,
3590     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and P. Gent},
3591     TITLE = {{Reflections of low-frequency equatorial waves at western
3592     boundaries}},
3593     JOURNAL = jmr,
3594     VOLUME = 42,
3595     PAGES = {487-502},
3596     YEAR = 1984
3597     }
3598    
3599     @ARTICLE{Cane:Moore1981,
3600     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and D.W. Moore},
3601     TITLE = {{A note on low frequency equatorial basin modes}},
3602     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3603     VOLUME = 11,
3604     PAGES = {1578-1584},
3605     YEAR = 1981
3606     }
3607    
3608     @ARTICLE{Cane:Patton1984,
3609     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and R.J. Patton},
3610     TITLE = {{A numerical model for low-frequency equatorial dynamics}},
3611     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3612     VOLUME = 14,
3613     PAGES = {1853-1863},
3614     YEAR = 1984
3615     }
3616    
3617     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1976,
3618     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3619     TITLE = {{Forced baroclinic ocean motions I: The linear equatorial unbounded case}},
3620     JOURNAL = jmr,
3621     VOLUME = 34,
3622     PAGES = {629-664},
3623     YEAR = 1976
3624     }
3625    
3626     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1977,
3627     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3628     TITLE = {{Forced baroclinic ocean motions II: The linear equatorial bounded case}},
3629     JOURNAL = jmr,
3630     VOLUME = 35,
3631     PAGES = {395-432},
3632     YEAR = 1977
3633     }
3634    
3635     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1979,
3636     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3637     TITLE = {{Forced baroclinic ocean motion III: an enclosed ocean}},
3638     JOURNAL = jmr,
3639     VOLUME = 37,
3640     PAGES = { 355-398},
3641     YEAR = 1979
3642     }
3643    
3644     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1981,
3645     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3646     TITLE = {{The response of a linear baroclinic equatorial ocean to periodic forcing}},
3647     JOURNAL = jmr,
3648     VOLUME = 39,
3649     PAGES = {651-693},
3650     YEAR = 1981
3651     }
3652    
3653     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Sarachik1982,
3654     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3655     TITLE = {{Linear baroclinic response of equatorial oceans to periodic forcing.}},
3656     EDITOR = {McCreary, J. P. and D. W. Moore and J. Witte},
3657     BOOKTITLE = {{Recent Progress in Equatorial Oceanography}},
3658     PAGES = {365 -372},
3659     YEAR = 1982,
3660     PUBLISHER = { NOVA/NYIT Press, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida}
3661     }
3662    
3663     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1983:Equatorial,
3664     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3665     TITLE = {{Equatorial oceanography}},
3666     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys. and Space Physics},
3667     VOLUME = 21,
3668     PAGES = { 1137-1148},
3669     YEAR = { 1983}
3670     }
3671    
3672     @ARTICLE{Cane:Sarachik1983:Seasonal,
3673     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and E.S. Sarachik},
3674     TITLE = {{Seasonal heat transports in a forced equatorial baroclinic model}},
3675     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3676     VOLUME = 13,
3677     PAGES = {1744-1746},
3678     YEAR = { 1983}
3679     }
3680    
3681     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zebiak1985,
3682     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3683     TITLE = {{A theory for El Ni\~no and the Southern Oscillation}},
3684     JOURNAL = {Science},
3685     VOLUME = 228,
3686     PAGES = {1085-1087},
3687     YEAR = 1985
3688     }
3689    
3690     @INPROCEEDINGS{Cane:Zebiak1987,
3691     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3692     TITLE = {{Deterministic prediction of El Ni\~no events.}},
3693     BOOKTITLE = {Atmospheric and Oceanic Variability},
3694     YEAR = 1987,
3695     EDITOR = {H. Cattle},
3696     PAGES = {153-182},
3697     PUBLISHER = {Royal Meteorological Society/American Meteorological Society}
3698     }
3699    
3700     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zebiak1988,
3701     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3702     TITLE = {{Dynamical forecasts of the 1986-1987 ENSO with a coupled model}},
3703     JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the 13th Climate diagnostics Workshop, Oct. 3l - Nov. 4, 1988},
3704     YEAR = 1988
3705     }
3706    
3707     @BOOK{Cane:Zebiak1988:On,
3708     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
3709     TITLE = {{On the Mechanisms of the El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation Cycle, in Study Week on: Persistent Meteo-oceanographic anomalies and Teleconnections}},
3710     PAGES = {59-96},
3711     YEAR = {1988},
3712     PUBLISHER = {{C. Chagas and G. Puppi, Eds. (Pontifical Academy of Science), Vatican City}}
3713     }
3714    
3715     @ARTICLE{Cane:duPenhoat1982,
3716     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and Y. du Penhoat},
3717     TITLE = {{On the effect of islands on low frequency equatorial motions}},
3718     JOURNAL = {J . Mar. Res.},
3719     VOLUME = 40,
3720     PAGES = { 937-962},
3721     YEAR = { 1982}
3722     }
3723    
3724     @ARTICLE{Cane:duPenhoat1989,
3725     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and Y. du Penhoat},
3726     TITLE = {{Effects of low latitude western boundary gaps on the reflection of equatorial motions}},
3727     JOURNAL = {},
3728     YEAR = {1989}
3729     }
3730    
3731     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1981,
3732     AUTHOR = {Mark A. Cane and V. Cardone and M. Halem and I. Halberstam},
3733     TITLE = {{A simulation study of the impact of SEASAT-A on weather prediction}},
3734     JOURNAL = jgr,
3735     VOLUME = {86},
3736     PAGES = { 8093-8106},
3737     YEAR = { 1981}
3738     }
3739    
3740     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1986,
3741     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and S. E. Zebiak and S. C. Dolan},
3742     TITLE = {Experimental forecasts of {El Ni\~no}},
3743     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3744     VOLUME = 321,
3745     PAGES = {827-832},
3746     YEAR = 1986
3747     }
3748    
3749     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1990,
3750     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and M. M{\"u}nnich and S. E. Zebiak},
3751     TITLE = {{A Study of Self-Excited Oscillations of the Tropical
3752     Ocean-Atmosphere System. Part I: Linear Analysis}},
3753     JOURNAL = jas,
3754     YEAR = {1990},
3755     VOLUME = {47},
3756     OPTNUMBER = {13},
3757     PAGES = {1562-1577},
3758     OPTMONTH = {},
3759     OPTNOTE = {}
3760     }
3761    
3762     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zhao1995a,
3763     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and Y. Zhao},
3764     TITLE = {{A note on use of monthly mean data in ocean mixed
3765     layer mdoels}},
3766     JOURNAL = {To be submitted},
3767     YEAR = {1995},
3768     VOLUME = {},
3769     OPTNUMBER = {},
3770     PAGES = {},
3771     OPTMONTH = {},
3772     OPTNOTE = {}
3773     }
3774    
3775     @ARTICLE{Cane:Zhao1995b,
3776     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and Y. Zhao},
3777     TITLE = {{On the connection of turbulence closure and bulk
3778     mixed layer models}},
3779     JOURNAL = {To be submitted},
3780     YEAR = {1995},
3781     VOLUME = {},
3782     OPTNUMBER = {},
3783     PAGES = {},
3784     OPTMONTH = {},
3785     OPTNOTE = {}
3786     }
3787    
3788     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1996,
3789     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and N. H. Naik and S. E. Zebiak},
3790     TITLE = {{On the treatment of the wave operator in
3791     semi-Lagrangian schemes}},
3792     JOURNAL = mwr,
3793     YEAR = {1996},
3794     VOLUME = {},
3795     OPTNUMBER = {},
3796     PAGES = {},
3797     OPTMONTH = {},
3798     NOTE = {submitted}
3799     }
3800    
3801     @ARTICLE{Cane:etal1997,
3802     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A. and A. C. Clement and A. Kaplan and
3803     Y. Kushnir and D. Pozdnyakov and R. Seager and
3804     S. E. Zebiak and R. Murtugudde},
3805     TITLE = {{Twentieth Century sea surface temperature trends}},
3806     JOURNAL = {Science},
3807     YEAR = {1997},
3808     VOLUME = {275},
3809     OPTNUMBER = {},
3810     PAGES = {957-960},
3811     OPTMONTH = {},
3812     NOTE = {}
3813     }
3814    
3815     @ARTICLE{Cane1998,
3816     AUTHOR = {Cane, M. A.},
3817     TITLE = {{A role for the tropical Pacific}},
3818     JOURNAL = {Science},
3819     YEAR = {1998},
3820     VOLUME = {282},
3821     OPTNUMBER = {},
3822     PAGES = {59-60},
3823     OPTMONTH = {},
3824     NOTE = {}
3825     }
3826    
3827     @INCOLLECTION{Cane:Clement1999,
3828     AUTHOR = {M. A. Cane and A. C. Clement},
3829     TITLE = {{A role for the tropical Pacific coupled ocean-atmosphere
3830     system on Milankovitch and millenial timescales:
3831     Part II: Global impacts }},
3832     EDITOR = {{Peter U. Clark and Robert S. Webb and Lloyd D. Keigwin}},
3833     BOOKTITLE = {{Mechanisms of global climate change at millenial
3834     timescales, Geophysical Monograph 112}},
3835     PAGES = {373-383},
3836     YEAR = 1999,
3837     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysocal Union, Washington, DC}
3838     }
3839    
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3841     AUTHOR = {V. J. Cardone},
3842     TITLE = {{Specification of the wind field distribution in the marine boundary layer for wave forecasting.}},
3843     EDITOR = {{New York University, New York, NY}},
3844     BOOKTITLE = {{Report TR-69-1, Geophys. Sci. Lab}},
3845     YEAR = 1969,
3846     PUBLISHER = {Available from NTIS AD\#702-490.}
3847     }
3848    
3849     @ARTICLE{Cardone:etal1980,
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3851     TITLE = {{Error characteristics of extratropical storm wind fields specified from historical data}},
3852     JOURNAL = {J. Petrol. Tech.},
3853     VOLUME = 32,
3854     PAGES = {873-880},
3855     YEAR = 1980
3856     }
3857    
3858     @ARTICLE{Cardone:etal1990,
3859     AUTHOR = {V. J. Cardone and J. G. Greenwood and Mark A. Cane},
3860     TITLE = {{On trends in historical marine wind data}},
3861     JOURNAL = jc,
3862     VOLUME = 3,
3863     PAGES = {113-127},
3864     YEAR = 1990
3865     }
3866    
3867     @ARTICLE{Carton:etal1996,
3868     AUTHOR = {J. A. Carton and X. Cao and B. S. Giese and A. M. Da Silva},
3869     TITLE = {{Decadal and interannual SST variability in the tropical
3870     Atlantic Ocean}},
3871     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3872     VOLUME = 26,
3873     PAGES = {1165-1175},
3874     YEAR = 1996
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3876    
3877     @ARTICLE{Cayan1992a,
3878     AUTHOR = {D. Cayan},
3879     TITLE = {{Latent and sensible heat flux anomalies over the northern
3880     oceans: The connection to monthly atmospheric circulation}},
3881     JOURNAL = jc,
3882     VOLUME = 5,
3883     PAGES = {354-369},
3884     YEAR = 1992
3885     }
3886    
3887     @ARTICLE{Cayan1992b,
3888     AUTHOR = {D. Cayan},
3889     TITLE = {{Latent and sensible heat flux anomalies over the northern
3890     oceans: Driving the sea surface temperature}},
3891     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
3892     VOLUME = 22,
3893     PAGES = {859-881},
3894     YEAR = 1992
3895     }
3896    
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3905     by 14 atmospheric general circulation models},
3906     JOURNAL = {Science},
3907     YEAR = 1989,
3908     VOLUME = 245,
3909     PAGES = {513-516}
3910     }
3911    
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3913     AUTHOR = {Cess, R.D.},
3914     TITLE = {Radiative transfer due to atmospheric water vapor:
3915     Global considerations of the Earth's energy balance},
3916     JOURNAL = jas,
3917     YEAR = 1974,
3918     VOLUME = 33,
3919     PAGES = {861-871}
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3921    
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3923     AUTHOR = {P. Chang},
3924     TITLE = {{A study of the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature in
3925     the tropical Pacific Ocean using reduced gravity models}},
3926     JOURNAL = jgr,
3927     VOLUME = {},
3928     PAGES = {},
3929     YEAR = 1994
3930     }
3931    
3932     @ARTICLE{Chang:etal1997a,
3933     AUTHOR = {P. Chang and L. Ji and H. Li},
3934     TITLE = {{A decadal climate variation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean
3935     from thermodynamic air-sea interations}},
3936     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3937     VOLUME = 385,
3938     PAGES = {516--518},
3939     YEAR = 1997
3940     }
3941    
3942     @ARTICLE{Chang:etal1997b,
3943     AUTHOR = {P. Chang and C. Penland and L. Ji and L. Matrosova},
3944     TITLE = {{Prediction of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature}},
3945     JOURNAL = {Nature},
3946     VOLUME = {},
3947     PAGES = {},
3948     NOTE = {submitted},
3949     YEAR = 1997
3950     }
3951    
3952     @ARTICLE{Chang:etal2000a,
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3954     TITLE = {{The effect of local sea surface temperatures on the
3955     atmospheric circulation over the tropical Atlantic sector}},
3956     JOURNAL = jc,
3957     VOLUME = {},
3958     PAGES = {},
3959     NOTE = {In press},
3960     YEAR = 2000
3961     }
3962    
3963     @ARTICLE{Chang:etal2000b,
3964     AUTHOR = {P. Chang and L. Ji and R. Saravanan},
3965     TITLE = {{A hybrid coupled model study of tropical Atlantic variability}},
3966     JOURNAL = jc,
3967     VOLUME = {},
3968     PAGES = {},
3969     NOTE = {In press},
3970     YEAR = 2000
3971     }
3972    
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3975     TITLE = {{On the structure of the Southern Oscillation}},
3976     JOURNAL = jc,
3977     VOLUME = {6},
3978     PAGES = {450-469},
3979     YEAR = 1993
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3983     AUTHOR = {J. G. Charney and P.H. Stone and W.J. Quirk},
3984     TITLE = {{Drought in the Sahara: A biogeophysical feedback mechanism}},
3985     JOURNAL = {Science},
3986     VOLUME = 187,
3987     PAGES = {434-435},
3988     YEAR = 1975
3989     }
3990    
3991     @ARTICLE{Charney:Eliassen1964,
3992     AUTHOR = {J. G. Charney and A. Eliassen},
3993     TITLE = {{On the growth of the hurricane depression}},
3994     JOURNAL = jas,
3995     VOLUME = 21,
3996     PAGES = {68-75},
3997     YEAR = 1964
3998     }
3999    
4000     @INCOLLECTION{Charney1971,
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4002     TITLE = {{Tropical cyclogenesis and the formation of the
4003     Intertropical Convergence Zone}},
4004     BOOKTITLE = {{Lectures in Applied Mathematics}},
4005     VOLUME = 13,
4006     PAGES = {355-369},
4007     EDITOR = {W.H. Reid},
4008     PUBLISHER = {{American Mathematics Society}},
4009     YEAR = {1971}
4010     }
4011    
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4014     TITLE = {{Wind stress on a water surface}},
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4018     YEAR = {1955 }
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4020    
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4026     YEAR = 1991,
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4035     to tropical ocean models},
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4045     TITLE = {The roles of vertical mixing, solar radiation, and wind
4046     stress in a model simulation of the sea surface
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4050     VOLUME = 99,
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4057     TITLE = {The derivation of cloud parameters from
4058     satellite-measured radiances for use in surface
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4061     YEAR = 1991,
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4064     PAGES = {1549-1559}
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4067     @ARTICLE{Chou1994,
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4069     TITLE = {Coolness in the tropical Pacific during an El Ni\~no episode},
4070     JOURNAL = jc,
4071     YEAR = 1994,
4072     VOLUME = 7,
4073     NUMBER = {11},
4074     PAGES = {1684-1692}
4075     }
4076    
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4079     TITLE = {Bivariate conditional sampling of buoyancy flux
4080     during an intense cold air outbreak},
4081     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer Meteor.},
4082     YEAR = 1989,
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4084     NUMBER = {},
4085     PAGES = {93-112}
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4089     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and R. Seager and M. A. Cane and S. E. Zebiak},
4090     TITLE = {An ocean dynamical thermostat},
4091     JOURNAL = jc,
4092     YEAR = 1996,
4093     NOTE = {},
4094     VOLUME = {9},
4095     NUMBER = {},
4096     PAGES = {2190-2196}
4097     }
4098    
4099     @ARTICLE{Clement:etal1998,
4100     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and M. A. Cane and R. Seager},
4101     TITLE = {{Patterns and mechanisms of Twentieth Century climate
4102     change}},
4103     JOURNAL = {World Resource Rev.},
4104     YEAR = 1998,
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4106     VOLUME = {10},
4107     NUMBER = {},
4108     PAGES = {161-185}
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4110    
4111     @ARTICLE{Clement:Seager1999,
4112     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and R. Seager},
4113     TITLE = {Climate and the tropical oceans},
4114     JOURNAL = jc,
4115     YEAR = 1999,
4116     NOTE = {},
4117     VOLUME = {12},
4118     NUMBER = {},
4119     PAGES = {3383-3401}
4120     }
4121    
4122     @ARTICLE{Clement:etal1999,
4123     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and R. Seager and M. A. Cane},
4124     TITLE = {{Orbital controls on the El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation and the tropical climate}},
4125     JOURNAL = {Paleoceanogr.},
4126     YEAR = 1999,
4127     NOTE = {},
4128     VOLUME = {14},
4129     NUMBER = {},
4130     PAGES = {441-456}
4131     }
4132    
4133     @ARTICLE{Clement:etal2000b,
4134     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and R. Seager and M. A. Cane},
4135     TITLE = {{Suppression of El Ni\~no during the mid-Holocene by
4136     changes in the Earth's orbit}},
4137     JOURNAL = {Paleoceanogr.},
4138     YEAR = 2000,
4139     NOTE = {In press},
4140     VOLUME = {},
4141     NUMBER = {},
4142     PAGES = {}
4143     }
4144    
4145     @ARTICLE{Clement:etal2000a,
4146     AUTHOR = {Clement, A. C. and M. A. Cane and R. Seager},
4147     TITLE = {{An orbitally driven trigger for abrupt climate changes}},
4148     JOURNAL = jc,
4149     YEAR = 2000,
4150     NOTE = {Submitted},
4151     VOLUME = {},
4152     NUMBER = {},
4153     PAGES = {}
4154     }
4155    
4156     @INCOLLECTION{Clement:Cane1999,
4157     AUTHOR = {A. C. Clement and M. A. Cane},
4158     TITLE = {{A role for the tropical Pacific coupled ocean-atmosphere
4159     system on Milankovitch and millenial timescales:
4160     Part I: A modeling study of tropical Pacific variability}},
4161     EDITOR = {{Peter U. Clark and Robert S. Webb and Lloyd D. Keigwin}},
4162     BOOKTITLE = {{Mechanisms of global climate change at millenial
4163     timescales, Geophysical Monograph 112}},
4164     PAGES = {363-371},
4165     YEAR = 1999,
4166     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC}
4167     }
4168    
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4172     TITLE = {{Australian Rainman: Rainfall Information for Better Management}},
4173     PAGES = {},
4174     YEAR = 1994,
4175     PUBLISHER = {{Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia}}
4176     }
4177    
4178     @ARTICLE{CLIMAP1976,
4179     AUTHOR = {{CLIMAP Project Members}},
4180     TITLE = {{The surface of the ice-age Earth}},
4181     JOURNAL = {Science},
4182     PAGES = {1131-1137},
4183     YEAR = 1976,
4184     VOLUME = 191
4185     }
4186    
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4188     AUTHOR = {S. Clinet and S. Martin},
4189     TITLE = {{700-hpa geopotential height anomalies from a statistical
4190     analysis of the French hemispheric data set.}},
4191     JOURNAL = {Int. J. Climatology},
4192     PAGES = {229-256},
4193     YEAR = 1992,
4194     VOLUME = 12
4195     }
4196    
4197     @ARTICLE{Colin:Garzoli1987,
4198     AUTHOR = {Colin, C. and S. Garzoli},
4199     TITLE = {{In situ wind measurements and ocean response in the equatorial Atlantic during FOCAL/SEQUAL experiment}},
4200     JOURNAL = jgr,
4201     PAGES = {3741-3750},
4202     YEAR = 1987
4203     }
4204    
4205     @ARTICLE{Colin:Garzoli1988,
4206     AUTHOR = {Colin, C. and S. Garzoli},
4207     TITLE = {{High frequency variability of in situ wind temperature and current measurements in the equatorial Atlantic during the FOCAL/SEQUAL experiment}},
4208     JOURNAL = {Oceanologica Acta},
4209     VOLUME = 11,
4210     PAGES = {139-148},
4211     YEAR = 1988
4212     }
4213    
4214     @BOOK{Collet:Eckmann1980,
4215     AUTHOR = {Collet, P. and J.P. Eckmann},
4216     TITLE = {{Iterated maps of the interval as an dynamical systems}},
4217     PAGES = 248,
4218     YEAR = 1982,
4219     PUBLISHER = {{Birkh\"user, Boston, Basel. Stuttgart}}
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4221    
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4224     TITLE = {{United Kingdom Meteorological Office five-level gebneral
4225     circulation model}},
4226     BOOKTITLE = {{Methods in Computational Physics}},
4227     VOLUME = 17,
4228     PAGES = {67-109},
4229     EDITOR = {J. Chang},
4230     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press, New York}},
4231     YEAR = {1977}
4232     }
4233    
4234     @ARTICLE{Cornejo-Garrido:Stone1977,
4235     AUTHOR = {Cornejo-Garrido and A.G. Stone, P.H.},
4236     TITLE = {{On the heat balance of the Walker Circulation}.},
4237     JOURNAL = {J. Atmos. Sci},
4238     YEAR = 1977,
4239     VOLUME = 34,
4240     PAGES = {1155-1162}
4241     }
4242    
4243     @ARTICLE{Covey:Hastenrath1978,
4244     AUTHOR = {D.L. Covey and S. Hastenrath},
4245     TITLE = {{The Pacific {El Ni\~no} phenomenon and the Atlantic
4246     circulation.}},
4247     JOURNAL = mwr,
4248     YEAR = {1978},
4249     VOLUME = {106},
4250     OPTNUMBER = {},
4251     OPTPAGES = {1280-1287},
4252     OPTMONTH = {},
4253     OPTNOTE = {}
4254     }
4255    
4256     @ARTICLE{Cox:Munk1956,
4257     AUTHOR = {C. Cox and W. Munk},
4258     TITLE = {{Slopes of the sea surface deduced from photographs of the
4259     sun glitter}},
4260     JOURNAL = {Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr.},
4261     VOLUME = 6,
4262     PAGES = {401-488},
4263     YEAR = 1956
4264     }
4265    
4266     @ARTICLE{Cox1985,
4267     AUTHOR = {Cox, D.C.},
4268     TITLE = {{An eddy resolving numerical model of the ventilated thermocline}},
4269     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4270     VOLUME = 15,
4271     PAGES = {1312-1324},
4272     YEAR = 1985
4273     }
4274    
4275     @ARTICLE{Cox:Bryan1984,
4276     AUTHOR = {Cox, M.D. and K. Bryan},
4277     TITLE = {{A numerical study of the ventilated thermocline}},
4278     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4279     VOLUME = 14,
4280     PAGES = {674-687},
4281     YEAR = 1984
4282     }
4283    
4284     @BOOK{Critchfield1983,
4285     AUTHOR = {Critchfield, H. J.},
4286     TITLE = {{General Climatology}},
4287     PAGES = 453,
4288     YEAR = 1983,
4289     PUBLISHER = {{Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 453pp}}
4290     }
4291    
4292     @ARTICLE{Cullen:deMenocal1999,
4293     AUTHOR = {Cullen, H. M. and P. B. deMenocal},
4294     TITLE = {{North Atlantic Influence on Turkish Climate and Water Supply}},
4295     JOURNAL = {Int. J. Climatology},
4296     VOLUME = {},
4297     PAGES = {},
4298     YEAR = 1999,
4299     NOTE = {In press}
4300     }
4301    
4302     @ARTICLE{Curry1986,
4303     AUTHOR = {J. A. Curry},
4304     TITLE = {{Interactions among turbulence, radiation and microphysics
4305     in Arctic stratus clouds}},
4306     JOURNAL = jas,
4307     VOLUME = 43,
4308     PAGES = {90-106},
4309     YEAR = 1986
4310     }
4311    
4312     @ARTICLE{Curry:Herman1985,
4313     AUTHOR = {J. A. Curry and G. F. Herman},
4314     TITLE = {{Relationships between large-scale heat and moisture budgets
4315     and the occurence of Arctic stratus clouds}},
4316     JOURNAL = mwr,
4317     VOLUME = 113,
4318     PAGES = {1441-1457},
4319     YEAR = 1985
4320     }
4321    
4322     @ARTICLE{Curtis:Hastenrath1995,
4323     AUTHOR = {Curtis, S. and Hastenrath, S.},
4324     TITLE = {Forcing of anomalous sea surface temperature evolution in the tropical {A}tlantic during {P}acific warm events},
4325     JOURNAL = jgr,
4326     VOLUME = {100},
4327     PAGES = {15835--15847},
4328     YEAR = {1995},
4329     NOTE = {}
4330     }
4331    
4332     @ARTICLE{Czaja:Marshall2001,
4333     AUTHOR = {A. Czaja and John C. Marshall},
4334     TITLE = {{Observations of atmosphere-ocean coupling in the North Atlantic}},
4335     JOURNAL = jc,
4336     VOLUME = {},
4337     PAGES = {},
4338     NOTE = {submitted},
4339     YEAR = 2001
4340     }
4341    
4342     @ARTICLE{Daley1979,
4343     AUTHOR = {Daley, R.},
4344     TITLE = {{The application of non-linear normal mode initialization to
4345     an operational forecast model}},
4346     JOURNAL = {Atmosphere-Ocean},
4347     VOLUME = 17,
4348     PAGES = {97-124},
4349     YEAR = 1979
4350     }
4351    
4352     @ARTICLE{Daley1980,
4353     AUTHOR = {Daley, R.},
4354     TITLE = {{The development of efficient time integration schemes using
4355     model normal modes}},
4356     JOURNAL = mwr,
4357     VOLUME = 108,
4358     PAGES = {100-110},
4359     YEAR = 1980
4360     }
4361    
4362     @ARTICLE{Daly1978,
4363     AUTHOR = {Daly, A.W.},
4364     TITLE = {{The response of North Atlantic sea surface temperature to atmospheric forcing processes}},
4365     JOURNAL = {Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.},
4366     VOLUME = 104,
4367     PAGES = {363-382},
4368     YEAR = 1978
4369     }
4370    
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4373     TITLE = {{Atlas of surface marine data 1994. Volume
4374     1. Algorithims and Procedures.}},
4375     INSTITUTION = {National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration},
4376     YEAR = 1994,
4377     NUMBER = {NOAA SMD94},
4378     PAGES = {},
4379     ADDRESS = {Washington, DC, 83pp}
4380     }
4381    
4382     @ARTICLE{Davis:Emanuel1988,
4383     AUTHOR = {C. A. Davis and K. A. Emanuel},
4384     TITLE = {{Observational evidence for the influence of surface heat
4385     fluxes on rapid maritime cyclogenesis}},
4386     JOURNAL = mwr,
4387     VOLUME = 116,
4388     PAGES = {2649-2659},
4389     YEAR = 1988
4390     }
4391    
4392     @ARTICLE{Deardorff1972,
4393     AUTHOR = {Deardorff, J.W.},
4394     TITLE = {{Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in
4395     general circulation models}},
4396     JOURNAL = mwr,
4397     VOLUME = 100,
4398     PAGES = {93-106},
4399     YEAR = 1972
4400     }
4401    
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4403     AUTHOR = {Dee, D.P. and S.E. Cohn and M. Ghil},
4404     TITLE = {{An efficient algorithm for estimating noise covariance in distributed systems}},
4405     JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Autom. Control},
4406     VOLUME = {AC-30},
4407     YEAR = 1985
4408     }
4409    
4410     @ARTICLE{Delcroix1987,
4411     AUTHOR = {Delcroix, T.},
4412     TITLE = {{Net heat gain of the tropical Pacific Ocean computed from subsurface ocean data and wind stress data}},
4413     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
4414     VOLUME = 34,
4415     PAGES = {33-43},
4416     YEAR = 1987
4417     }
4418    
4419     @ARTICLE{DelGenio:etal1996,
4420     AUTHOR = {Del Genio, A. D. and M.-Y. Yao and W. Kovari and K. K.-W. Lo},
4421     TITLE = {{A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global
4422     climate models}},
4423     JOURNAL = jc,
4424     VOLUME = 9,
4425     PAGES = {270-304},
4426     YEAR = 1996
4427     }
4428    
4429     @ARTICLE{Delworth:etal1993,
4430     AUTHOR = {T. Delworth and S. Manabe and R.J. Stouffer},
4431     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in
4432     a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
4433     JOURNAL = jc,
4434     VOLUME = 6,
4435     PAGES = {1993-2011},
4436     YEAR = 1993
4437     }
4438    
4439     @ARTICLE{Delworth:etal1996,
4440     AUTHOR = {T. Delworth and S. Manabe and R. J. Stouffer},
4441     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in
4442     a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
4443     JOURNAL = jc,
4444     VOLUME = 6,
4445     PAGES = {1993-2011},
4446     YEAR = 1993
4447     }
4448    
4449     @ARTICLE{Delworth:Mehta1998,
4450     AUTHOR = {T. Delworth and V. Mehta},
4451     TITLE = {{Simulated interannual to decadal variability in the
4452     tropical and sub-tropical North Atlantic}},
4453     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
4454     VOLUME = 25,
4455     PAGES = {2825-2828},
4456     YEAR = 1998
4457     }
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4461     TITLE = {{Millenial-scale linkages between high- and low-latitude
4462     climate during the Holocene warm period}},
4463     JOURNAL = {Science},
4464     VOLUME = {288},
4465     PAGES = {2198-2202},
4466     YEAR = 2000,
4467     OPTNOTE = {}
4468     }
4469    
4470     @ARTICLE{Denton:Hendy1994,
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4472     TITLE = {{Younger Dryas age advance of Franz-Josef glacier in the
4473     Southern Alps of New Zealand}},
4474     JOURNAL = {Science},
4475     VOLUME = 264,
4476     PAGES = {1434-1437},
4477     YEAR = 1994
4478     }
4479    
4480     @ARTICLE{Deque:Servain1989,
4481     AUTHOR = {M. Deque and J. Servain},
4482     TITLE = {Teleconnections between tropical Atlantic sea surface
4483     temperatures and midlatitude 50kPa heights during 1964-1986.},
4484     JOURNAL = jc,
4485     YEAR = {1989},
4486     VOLUME = {2},
4487     OPTNUMBER = {},
4488     PAGES = {929-944},
4489     OPTMONTH = {},
4490     OPTNOTE = {}
4491     }
4492    
4493     @ARTICLE{Derber:Rosati1989,
4494     AUTHOR = {Derber, J. and A. Rosati},
4495     TITLE = {A global oceanic data assimilation system.},
4496     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4497     YEAR = 1989,
4498     VOLUME = 19,
4499     PAGES = {1333-1347}
4500     }
4501    
4502     @ARTICLE{Deser1993,
4503     AUTHOR = {Deser, C.},
4504     TITLE = {Diagnosis of the surface momentum balance over the
4505     tropical Pacific Ocean},
4506     JOURNAL = jc,
4507     YEAR = 1993,
4508     VOLUME = 6,
4509     PAGES = {64-74}
4510     }
4511    
4512     @ARTICLE{Deser:Blackmon1993,
4513     AUTHOR = {Deser, C. and M. L. Blackmon},
4514     TITLE = {{Surface climate variations over the North Atlantic
4515     ocean during winter: 1900-1989}},
4516     JOURNAL = jc,
4517     YEAR = 1993,
4518     VOLUME = 6,
4519     PAGES = {1743-1753}
4520     }
4521    
4522     @ARTICLE{Deser:Blackmon1995,
4523     AUTHOR = {Deser, C. and M. L. Blackmon},
4524     TITLE = {{On the relationship betweeen tropical and North
4525     Pacific sea surface temperature variations}},
4526     JOURNAL = jc,
4527     YEAR = 1995,
4528     VOLUME = 8,
4529     PAGES = {1677-1680}
4530     }
4531    
4532     @ARTICLE{Deser:etal1999,
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4534     TITLE = {{Evidence for a wind-driven intensification of the
4535     Kuroshio Current extension from the 1970s to the 1980s}},
4536     JOURNAL = jc,
4537     YEAR = 1999,
4538     VOLUME = 12,
4539     PAGES = {1697-1706}
4540     }
4541    
4542     @ARTICLE{Dessier:Donguy1990,
4543     AUTHOR = {Dessier, A. and J.R. Donguy},
4544     TITLE = {{Sea surface salinity in the tropical Atlantic ocean (10¡S-30¡N). Seasonal and inter-annual variability (1977-1986)}},
4545     JOURNAL = jmr,
4546     VOLUME = {submitted},
4547     YEAR = 1990
4548     }
4549    
4550     @ARTICLE{Dewitt:Schneider2000,
4551     AUTHOR = {Dewitt, D. G. and E. K. Schneider},
4552     TITLE = {{The tropical ocean response to a change in solar forcing}},
4553     JOURNAL = jc,
4554     VOLUME = {13},
4555     PAGES = {1133-1149},
4556     YEAR = 2000
4557     }
4558    
4559     @ARTICLE{Dickson:etal1988,
4560     AUTHOR = {Dickson, R.R. and J. Meincke and S. Malmberg and A. Lee},
4561     TITLE = {{The great salinity anomaly in the northern North Atlantic 1968-82}},
4562     JOURNAL = {Prog. Oceanogr.},
4563     VOLUME = 20,
4564     PAGES = {103-151},
4565     YEAR = 1988
4566     }
4567    
4568     @ARTICLE{Dijkstra:Neelin1995,
4569     AUTHOR = {H. A. Dijkstra and J. D. Neelin},
4570     TITLE = {{Ocean-atmosphere interaction and the tropical climatology.
4571     Part II: Why the Pacific cold tongue is in the east}},
4572     JOURNAL = jc,
4573     VOLUME = 8,
4574     PAGES = {1343-1359},
4575     YEAR = 1995
4576     }
4577    
4578     @BOOK{Dooley:Martin1984,
4579     AUTHOR = {Dooley, H.D. and J.H.A. Martin and D.J. Ellett},
4580     TITLE = {{Abnormal hydrographic conditions in the northeast Atlantic
4581     during the 1970's}},
4582     VOLUME = 185,
4583     PAGES = {174-187. n},
4584     YEAR = {},
4585     PUBLISHER = {{Rapp. et Procs-Verb. des r\`eunions Int. Council Exp. of the Sea.}}
4586     }
4587    
4588     @ARTICLE{Dommenget:Latif2000,
4589     AUTHOR = {D. Dommenget and M. Latif},
4590     TITLE = {{Interannual to decadal variability in the tropical Atlantic}},
4591     JOURNAL = jc,
4592     VOLUME = 13,
4593     PAGES = {777-792},
4594     YEAR = 2000
4595     }
4596    
4597     @ARTICLE{Duchene:Frankignoul1990,
4598     AUTHOR = {Christine Duch{\^e}ne and Claude Frankignoul},
4599     TITLE = {Sensitivity and realism of wind-driven tropical ocean models},
4600     JOURNAL = {J. Mar. Syst.},
4601     YEAR = 1990,
4602     VOLUME = 1,
4603     PAGES = {97-117}
4604     }
4605    
4606     @ARTICLE{Duchene:Frankignoul1991,
4607     AUTHOR = {Christine Duch{\^e}ne and Claude Frankignoul},
4608     TITLE = {Seasonal variations of surface dynamic topography in
4609     the tropical {Atlantic}: observational uncertainties
4610     and model testing.},
4611     JOURNAL = jmr,
4612     YEAR = 1991,
4613     VOLUME = {(submitted May 90)}
4614     }
4615    
4616     @INCOLLECTION{Earle1985,
4617     AUTHOR = {Earle, M.D.},
4618     TITLE = {{Statistical comparisons of ship and buoy marine observations.}},
4619     EDITOR = {{NOAA}},
4620     BOOKTITLE = {{Report MEC-85-8, prepared for Ocean Sciences Branch, Satellite Research Laboratory, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service}},
4621     YEAR = 1985
4622     }
4623    
4624     @ARTICLE{Eckmann1981,
4625     AUTHOR = {Eckmann, J.P.},
4626     TITLE = {{Roads to turbulence in dissipative dynamical systems}},
4627     JOURNAL = {Rev. Mod. Phys.},
4628     VOLUME = 53,
4629     PAGES = {643-653},
4630     YEAR = 1981
4631     }
4632    
4633     @ARTICLE{Eiseman1985,
4634     AUTHOR = {Eiseman, P.R.},
4635     TITLE = {{Grid generation for fluid mechanics computations}},
4636     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
4637     VOLUME = 17,
4638     PAGES = {487-522},
4639     YEAR = 1985
4640     }
4641    
4642     @ARTICLE{Eiseman1987,
4643     AUTHOR = {Eiseman, P.R},
4644     TITLE = {{Adaptive grid generation}},
4645     JOURNAL = {Comp. Meth. in Appl. Mech. and Eng.},
4646     VOLUME = 64,
4647     PAGES = {321-376},
4648     YEAR = 1987
4649     }
4650    
4651     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1987,
4652     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4653     TITLE = {{An air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillations
4654     in the tropics}},
4655     JOURNAL = jas,
4656     VOLUME = 44,
4657     PAGES = {2324-2340},
4658     YEAR = 1987
4659     }
4660    
4661     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1988,
4662     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4663     TITLE = {{Reply}},
4664     JOURNAL = jas,
4665     VOLUME = 45,
4666     PAGES = {3528-3530},
4667     YEAR = 1988
4668     }
4669    
4670     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1991,
4671     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4672     TITLE = {{A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models}},
4673     JOURNAL = jas,
4674     VOLUME = 48,
4675     PAGES = {2313-2335},
4676     YEAR = 1991
4677     }
4678    
4679     @ARTICLE{Emanuel1993,
4680     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4681     TITLE = {{The effect of convective response time on WISHE modes}},
4682     JOURNAL = jas,
4683     VOLUME = 50,
4684     PAGES = {1763-1775},
4685     YEAR = 1991
4686     }
4687    
4688     @BOOK{Emanuel1994,
4689     AUTHOR = {Emanuel, K. A.},
4690     TITLE = {{Atmospheric Convection}},
4691     PAGES = {580},
4692     YEAR = {1994},
4693     PUBLISHER = {{Oxford University Press, New York, 580pp}}
4694     }
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4699     deep water formed in the North Pacific?}},
4700     JOURNAL = jgr,
4701     VOLUME = {},
4702     PAGES = {},
4703     YEAR = 2000,
4704     NOTE = {To be submitted}
4705     }
4706    
4707     @ARTICLE{Enfield:Mayer1997,
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4709     TITLE = {Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability
4710     and its relation to the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation},
4711     JOURNAL = jgr,
4712     YEAR = {1997},
4713     VOLUME = {102},
4714     NUMBER = {},
4715     PAGES = {929-945}
4716     }
4717    
4718     @ARTICLE{Enfield:etal1999,
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4720     D. A. Mayer and L. Cid-Serrano},
4721     TITLE = {{How ubiquitous is the dipole relationship in tropical
4722     Atlantic sea surface temperatures?}},
4723     JOURNAL = jgr,
4724     YEAR = {1999},
4725     VOLUME = {104},
4726     NUMBER = {},
4727     PAGES = {7841-7848}
4728     }
4729    
4730     @ARTICLE{Eriksen1988,
4731     AUTHOR = {Charles C. Eriksen},
4732     TITLE = {Variability in the Upper-Ocean Internal Wave Field at
4733     a {Sargasso} Sea Site},
4734     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4735     YEAR = 1988,
4736     VOLUME = 18,
4737     NUMBER = 11,
4738     PAGES = {1495-1513}
4739     }
4740    
4741     @TECHREPORT{Errico1991,
4742     AUTHOR = {R. M. Errico},
4743     TITLE = {Theory and application of nonlinear normal mode initialization},
4744     INSTITUTION = {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
4745     YEAR = 1991,
4746     NUMBER = {NCAR/TN-344+IA},
4747     PAGES = 137,
4748     ADDRESS = {Boulder, Colorado, 137pp}
4749     }
4750    
4751     @ARTICLE{Esbensen1984,
4752     AUTHOR = {Esbensen, S.K.},
4753     TITLE = {{A comparison of intermonthly and interannual teleconnections in the 700 mb geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter}},
4754     JOURNAL = mwr,
4755     VOLUME = 112,
4756     PAGES = {2016-2030},
4757     YEAR = 1984
4758     }
4759    
4760     @ARTICLE{Esbensen:Reynolds1981,
4761     AUTHOR = {Esbensen, S.K. and R. W. Reynolds},
4762     TITLE = {{Estimating monthly averaged air-sea transfers of heat and
4763     momentum using the bulk aerodynamic method}},
4764     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4765     VOLUME = 11,
4766     PAGES = {457-465},
4767     YEAR = 1981
4768     }
4769    
4770     @TECHREPORT{Esbensen:Kushnir1981,
4771     AUTHOR = {Esbensen, S.K. and Y. Kushnir},
4772     TITLE = {The heat budget of the global ocean: An atlas based
4773     on estimates from surface marine observations.},
4774     INSTITUTION = {Clim. Res. Inst.},
4775     YEAR = 1981,
4776     NUMBER = {29},
4777     PAGES = {27},
4778     ADDRESS = {Oregon State University, Corvallis, 27pp.}
4779     }
4780    
4781     @ARTICLE{Eshel:Naik1996,
4782     AUTHOR = {Eshel, G. and N. Naik},
4783     TITLE = {{Coupling of deep water formation and the general
4784     circulation in the Red Sea}},
4785     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4786     VOLUME = {27},
4787     NUMBER = {7},
4788     PAGES = {1233--1257},
4789     YEAR = 1996
4790     }
4791    
4792     @ARTICLE{Fairbanks1989,
4793     AUTHOR = {R. G. Fairbanks},
4794     TITLE = {{A 17,000 year glacio-eustatic sea-level record:
4795     Influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas and deep ocean
4796     circulation}},
4797     JOURNAL = {Nature},
4798     YEAR = 1989,
4799     VOLUME = 342,
4800     PAGES = {637-642}
4801     }
4802    
4803     @ARTICLE{Farrell1988,
4804     AUTHOR = {Brian Farrell},
4805     TITLE = {Optimal excitation of neutral {Rossby} waves},
4806     JOURNAL = jas,
4807     YEAR = 1988,
4808     VOLUME = 45,
4809     PAGES = {163-172}
4810     }
4811    
4812     @ARTICLE{Farrell1989,
4813     AUTHOR = {Brian Farrell},
4814     TITLE = {Optimal excitation of baroclinic waves},
4815     JOURNAL = {J. Atm. Sci.},
4816     YEAR = 1989,
4817     VOLUME = 46,
4818     PAGES = {1193-1206}
4819     }
4820    
4821     @ARTICLE{Farrell1990,
4822     AUTHOR = {Brian Farrell},
4823     TITLE = {Small error dynamics and the predictability of
4824     atmospheric flows},
4825     JOURNAL = {J. Atm. Sci.},
4826     YEAR = 1990,
4827     VOLUME = 47,
4828     NUMBER = 20,
4829     PAGES = {2409-2416},
4830     MONTH = {Nov}
4831     }
4832    
4833     @ARTICLE{Fels:etal1991,
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4835     TITLE = {Infrared cooling rate calculations in operational
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4838     JOURNAL = jgr,
4839     YEAR = 1991,
4840     VOLUME = 96,
4841     NUMBER = {D5},
4842     PAGES = {9105-9120},
4843     MONTH = {May}
4844     }
4845    
4846     @ARTICLE{Ferranti:etal1994,
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4848     TITLE = {{Impact of localized tropical and extratropical SST
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4850     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
4851     YEAR = 1994,
4852     VOLUME = 120,
4853     NUMBER = {},
4854     PAGES = {1613-1645},
4855     MONTH = {}
4856     }
4857    
4858     @ARTICLE{Firestone:Albrecht1986,
4859     AUTHOR = {J. K. Firestone and B. A. Albrecht},
4860     TITLE = {{The structure of the atmospheric boundary layer in
4861     the central Pacific during January and February of FGGE}},
4862     JOURNAL = mwr,
4863     YEAR = 1986,
4864     VOLUME = 114,
4865     PAGES = {2219-2231}
4866     }
4867    
4868     @ARTICLE{Fissel:etal1977,
4869     AUTHOR = {D. B. Fissel and S. Pond and M. Miyake},
4870     TITLE = {Computation of surface fluxes from climatological and
4871     synoptic data},
4872     JOURNAL = mwr,
4873     YEAR = 1977,
4874     VOLUME = 105,
4875     PAGES = {26-36}
4876     }
4877    
4878     @ARTICLE{Folland:etal1986,
4879     AUTHOR = {Folland, C.K. and T.N. Palmer and D.E. Parker},
4880     TITLE = {{Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea temperatures: 1901-85}},
4881     JOURNAL = {Nature},
4882     VOLUME = 320,
4883     PAGES = {602-606},
4884     YEAR = 1986
4885     }
4886    
4887     @BOOK{Folland:etal1986manuscript,
4888     AUTHOR = {Folland, C.K. and D.E. Parker And M.N. Ward and A.W. Colman},
4889     TITLE = {{Sahel rainfall, Northern Hemisphere circulation anomalies and worldwide sea temperature changes}},
4890     YEAR = 1986,
4891     PUBLISHER = {{(unpublished)}}
4892     }
4893    
4894     @ARTICLE{Fowler:etal1996,
4895     AUTHOR = {Fowler, L. D. and D. A. Randall and S. A. Rutledge},
4896     TITLE = {{Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general
4897     circulation model. Part I: Model description and
4898     simulated microphysical processe.}},
4899     JOURNAL = jc,
4900     VOLUME = 9,
4901     PAGES = {489-529},
4902     YEAR = 1996
4903     }
4904    
4905     @ARTICLE{Fowler:Randall1996,
4906     AUTHOR = {Fowler, L. D. and D. A. Randall},
4907     TITLE = {{Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general
4908     circulation model. Part II: Impact on cloudiness,
4909     the Earth's radiation budget and the general
4910     circulation of the atmosphere.}},
4911     JOURNAL = jc,
4912     VOLUME = 9,
4913     PAGES = {530-560},
4914     YEAR = 1996
4915     }
4916    
4917     @ARTICLE{Frankignoul:Hasselmann1977,
4918     AUTHOR = {Frankignoul, C. and K. Hasselmann},
4919     TITLE = {{Stochastic climate models. II: Application to sea surface
4920     temperature variability and thermocline variability}},
4921     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
4922     VOLUME = 29,
4923     PAGES = {284-305},
4924     YEAR = 1977
4925     }
4926    
4927     @ARTICLE{Frankignoul:Reynolds1983,
4928     AUTHOR = {Frankignoul, C. and R. W. Reynolds},
4929     TITLE = {{Testing a dynamical model for midlatitude sea surface
4930     temperature anomalies}},
4931     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4932     VOLUME = 13,
4933     PAGES = {289-305},
4934     YEAR = 1983
4935     }
4936    
4937     @ARTICLE{Frankignoul:etal1989,
4938     AUTHOR = {Frankignoul, C. and D. Duchene and Mark A. Cane},
4939     TITLE = {{A statistical approach to testing equatorial ocean models with observed data}},
4940     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
4941     VOLUME = 19,
4942     PAGES = {1191-1207},
4943     YEAR = 1989
4944     }
4945    
4946     @ARTICLE{Fu:etal1990,
4947     AUTHOR = {Fu, R. and A. D. DelGenio and W. B. Rossow},
4948     TITLE = {{Behavior of deep convective clouds in the tropical
4949     Pacific deduced from ISCCP radiances}},
4950     JOURNAL = jc,
4951     YEAR = {1990},
4952     VOLUME = {3},
4953     PAGES = {1129-1152}
4954     }
4955    
4956     @ARTICLE{Fu:etal1998,
4957     AUTHOR = {Fu, R. and R. E. Dickinson and B. Newkirk},
4958     TITLE = {{Response of the upper tropospheric humidity and
4959     moisture transport to changes of tropical
4960     convection. A comparison between observations and a
4961     GCM over an ENSO cycle}},
4962     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
4963     YEAR = {1998},
4964     VOLUME = {24},
4965     PAGES = {2371-2374}
4966     }
4967    
4968     @ARTICLE{Fung:etal1984,
4969     AUTHOR = {Fung, I.Y. and D.E. Harrison and A.A. Lacis},
4970     TITLE = {On the variability of the net longwave radiation at
4971     the ocean surface},
4972     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
4973     YEAR = 1984,
4974     VOLUME = 22,
4975     PAGES = {177-193}
4976     }
4977    
4978     @ARTICLE{Gaffen:etal1991,
4979     AUTHOR = {Gaffen, D. J. and T. P. Barnett and W. P. Elliott},
4980     TITLE = {Space and time scales of global atmospheric moisture},
4981     JOURNAL = jc,
4982     YEAR = 1991,
4983     VOLUME = 4,
4984     PAGES = {989-1008}
4985     }
4986    
4987     @ARTICLE{Galperin:etal1988,
4988     AUTHOR = {Galperin, B. and L.H. Kantha and S. Hassid and A. Rosati},
4989     TITLE = {A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for
4990     geophysical flows.},
4991     JOURNAL = jas,
4992     YEAR = 1988,
4993     VOLUME = 45,
4994     PAGES = {55-62}
4995     }
4996    
4997     @ARTICLE{Gangopadhyay:etal1992,
4998     AUTHOR = {A. Gangopadhyay and P. Cornillon and R. D. Watts},
4999     TITLE = {{A test of the Parsons-Veronis hypothesis on the
5000     separation of the Gulf Stream}},
5001     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5002     YEAR = 1992,
5003     VOLUME = 22,
5004     PAGES = {1286-1301}
5005     }
5006    
5007     @ARTICLE{Garratt1993,
5008     AUTHOR = {Garratt, J. R.},
5009     TITLE = {{Sensitivity of climate simulations to land-surface and
5010     atmospheric boundary-layer treatments - A Review}},
5011     JOURNAL = jc,
5012     VOLUME = 6,
5013     PAGES = {419-449},
5014     YEAR = 1993
5015     }
5016    
5017     @ARTICLE{Garratt1994,
5018     AUTHOR = {Garratt, J. R.},
5019     TITLE = {{Incoming shortwave fluxes at the surface - A comparison of
5020     GCM results with observations}},
5021     JOURNAL = jc,
5022     VOLUME = 7,
5023     PAGES = {72-80},
5024     YEAR = 1994
5025     }
5026    
5027     @ARTICLE{Garratt:Ryan1989,
5028     AUTHOR = {Garratt, J. R. and B. F. Ryan},
5029     TITLE = {{The structure of the stably stratified internal boundary
5030     layer in offshore flow over the sea.}},
5031     JOURNAL = {Bound. Layer Meteor.},
5032     VOLUME = {47},
5033     PAGES = {17-40},
5034     YEAR = 1989
5035     }
5036    
5037     @ARTICLE{Garzoli:Katz1984,
5038     AUTHOR = {Garzoli, S.L. and E.J. Katz},
5039     TITLE = {{Winds at St. Peter and St. Paul rocks during the first SEQUAL year.}},
5040     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
5041     VOLUME = 11,
5042     PAGES = {716-718},
5043     YEAR = 1984
5044     }
5045    
5046     @ARTICLE{Garzoli:etal1982,
5047     AUTHOR = {Garzoli, S. and E.J. Katz And H.J. Panitz and P. Speth},
5048     TITLE = {{In situ wind measurements in the equatorial Atlantic during 1979}},
5049     JOURNAL = {Oceanologica Acta},
5050     VOLUME = 5,
5051     PAGES = {281-288},
5052     YEAR = 1982
5053     }
5054    
5055     @ARTICLE{Geernaert:etal1986,
5056     AUTHOR = {Geernaert, GL. and K.B. Katsaros and K. Richter},
5057     TITLE = {{Variation of the drag coefficient and its dependence on sea state}},
5058     JOURNAL = jgr,
5059     VOLUME = 91,
5060     PAGES = {7667-7679},
5061     YEAR = 1986
5062     }
5063    
5064     @ARTICLE{Geisler:Stevens1982,
5065     AUTHOR = {Geisler, J. E. and D. E. Stevens},
5066     TITLE = {On the vertical structure of damped steady
5067     circulation in the tropics.},
5068     JOURNAL = {Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.},
5069     YEAR = 1982,
5070     VOLUME = 108,
5071     PAGES = {87-93}
5072     }
5073    
5074     @ARTICLE{Geisler:etal1985,
5075     AUTHOR = {Geisler, J. E. and Blackmon, M. L. and
5076     Bates, G. T. and Mu\~noz, S.},
5077     TITLE = {{Sensitivity of January climate response to the
5078     magnitude and position of equatorial Pacific sea
5079     surface temperature anomalies}},
5080     JOURNAL = jas,
5081     YEAR = 1985,
5082     VOLUME = 42,
5083     PAGES = {1037-1049}
5084     }
5085    
5086     @BOOK{Gemmill:etal1987,
5087     AUTHOR = {Gemmill, W.H. and T.W. Yu and D.M. Feit},
5088     TITLE = {{Performance of techniques used to derive ocean surface winds}},
5089     PAGES = 34,
5090     YEAR = 1987,
5091     PUBLISHER = {{NMC Office Note No. 330, U.S. Dept. Commerce, NOAA National Weather Service}}
5092     }
5093    
5094     @ARTICLE{Gent1991,
5095     AUTHOR = {Gent, P.R.},
5096     TITLE = {{The heat budget of the TOGA COARE Domain in an ocean model}},
5097     JOURNAL = jgr,
5098     VOLUME = 96,
5099     PAGES = {3323-3330},
5100     YEAR = 1991
5101     }
5102    
5103     @ARTICLE{Gent:Cane1989,
5104     AUTHOR = {Gent, P.R. and Mark A. Cane},
5105     TITLE = {{A reduced gravity, primitive equation model of the upper equatorial ocean}},
5106     JOURNAL = {J. Comp. Phys.},
5107     VOLUME = 81,
5108     PAGES = {444-480},
5109     YEAR = 1989
5110     }
5111    
5112     @ARTICLE{Gent:etal1983,
5113     AUTHOR = {Gent, P.R. and O'Neill, K. and Mark A. Cane},
5114     TITLE = {{A model of the semi-annual oscillation in the equatorial Indian Ocean}},
5115     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5116     VOLUME = 13,
5117     PAGES = {2148-2160},
5118     YEAR = 1983
5119     }
5120    
5121     @ARTICLE{Gent:McWilliams1990,
5122     AUTHOR = {Gent, P. R. and J. C. McWilliams},
5123     TITLE = {{Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models}},
5124     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5125     VOLUME = 20,
5126     PAGES = {150-155},
5127     YEAR = 1990
5128     }
5129    
5130     @BOOK{Ghia:Ghia1983,
5131     AUTHOR = {Ghia, K.N. and V. Ghia},
5132     TITLE = {{Advances in grid generation 5}},
5133     YEAR = 1983,
5134     PUBLISHER = {{ASME}}
5135     }
5136    
5137     @ARTICLE{Giannini:etal2000,
5138     AUTHOR = {Giannini, A. and Y. Kushnir and M. A. Cane},
5139     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of Caribbean rainfall, ENSO and the
5140     Atlantic Ocean}},
5141     JOURNAL = jc,
5142     VOLUME = {13},
5143     PAGES = {297-311},
5144     YEAR = 2000
5145     }
5146    
5147     @ARTICLE{Gill1980,
5148     AUTHOR = {Gill, A. E.},
5149     TITLE = {{Some simple solutions for heat induced tropical circulation}},
5150     JOURNAL = {Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.},
5151     VOLUME = 106,
5152     PAGES = {447-462},
5153     YEAR = 1980
5154     }
5155    
5156     @BOOK{Gill1982,
5157     AUTHOR = {A. E. Gill},
5158     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics}},
5159     PAGES = 662,
5160     YEAR = 1982,
5161     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press, New York, 662pp.}}
5162     }
5163    
5164     @ARTICLE{Gill1983,
5165     AUTHOR = {Gill, A.E.},
5166     TITLE = {{An estimation of sea-level and sea-current anomatlies during the 1972 El Ni\~no and consequent thermal effects}},
5167     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5168     VOLUME = 13,
5169     PAGES = {586-605},
5170     YEAR = 1983
5171     }
5172    
5173     @ARTICLE{Gill:Clarke1974,
5174     AUTHOR = {Gill, A.E. and Clarke, A.J.},
5175     TITLE = {Wind-induced upwelling, coastal currents and sea-level changes},
5176     JOURNAL = {Deep-Sea Res.},
5177     YEAR = 1974,
5178     VOLUME = 21,
5179     PAGES = {325-345},
5180     KEYWORDS = {equatorial dynamics, long-wave approximation}
5181     }
5182    
5183     @ARTICLE{Gill:Niiler1973,
5184     AUTHOR = {Gill, A.E. and P. Niiler},
5185     TITLE = {The theory of seasonal variability in the ocean},
5186     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
5187     YEAR = 1973,
5188     VOLUME = 20,
5189     PAGES = {141-177}
5190     }
5191    
5192     @ARTICLE{Gill:Rasmussen1983,
5193     AUTHOR = {Gill, A. E. and E. Rasmussen},
5194     TITLE = {{The 1982-83 climate anormaly in the equatorial Pacific.}},
5195     JOURNAL = {Nature},
5196     VOLUME = 306,
5197     PAGES = {229-34},
5198     YEAR = 1983
5199     }
5200    
5201     @ARTICLE{Gill:Rasmussen1983E,
5202     AUTHOR = {Gill, A. E. and E. Rasmussen},
5203     TITLE = {{An estimation of sea-level and sea-current anomatlies during the 1972 El Ni\~no and consequent thermal effects}},
5204     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5205     VOLUME = 13,
5206     PAGES = {586-605},
5207     YEAR = 1983
5208     }
5209    
5210     @ARTICLE{Giorgi:etal1993,
5211     AUTHOR = {Giorgi F. and M. R. Marinucci and G. T. Bates},
5212     TITLE = {{Development of a second-generation regional climate model
5213     (regGCM2). Part I: Boundary layer and radiative
5214     transfer processes}},
5215     JOURNAL = mwr,
5216     VOLUME = 121,
5217     PAGES = {2794-2813},
5218     YEAR = 1993
5219     }
5220    
5221     @BOOK{Glantz:etal1990,
5222     AUTHOR = {Glantz, M.H. and R.W. Katz and N. Nicholls},
5223     TITLE = {{Scientific Basis and Societal Impact}},
5224     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England},
5225     YEAR = 1990
5226     }
5227    
5228     @ARTICLE{Glecker:Taylor1993,
5229     AUTHOR = {Glecker, P. J. and K. E. Taylor},
5230     TITLE = {{The effect of horizontal resolution on ocean surface heat
5231     fluxes in the ECMWF model}},
5232     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
5233     VOLUME = 9,
5234     PAGES = {17-32},
5235     YEAR = 1993
5236     }
5237    
5238     @BOOK{Gloersen:etal1992,
5239     AUTHOR = {Gloersen, P. and W. J. Campbell and D. J. cavalieri
5240     and J. C. Comiso and C. L. Parkinson and H. J. Zwally},
5241     TITLE = {{Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987}},
5242     PUBLISHER = {National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
5243     Washington, DC, 290pp},
5244     YEAR = 1992
5245     }
5246    
5247     @ARTICLE{Godfrey:Lindstrom1989,
5248     AUTHOR = {Godfrey, J.S. and E.J. Lindstrom},
5249     TITLE = {{The heat budget of the equatorial western Pacific surface mixed layer}},
5250     JOURNAL = jgr,
5251     VOLUME = 94,
5252     PAGES = {8007-8017},
5253     YEAR = 1989
5254     }
5255    
5256     @ARTICLE{Godfrey:etal1991,
5257     AUTHOR = {J. S. Godfrey and M. Nunez and E. F. Bradley and P. A.
5258     Coppin and E. J. Lindstrom},
5259     TITLE = {{On the net surface heat flux into the western equatorial Pacific}},
5260     JOURNAL = jgr,
5261     VOLUME = 96,
5262     PAGES = {3391-3400},
5263     YEAR = 1991
5264     }
5265    
5266     @ARTICLE{Goldenberg:OBrien1981,
5267     AUTHOR = {Goldenberg, S.B. and J.J. O'Brien},
5268     TITLE = {{Time and space variability of tropical Pacific wind stress}},
5269     JOURNAL = mwr,
5270     VOLUME = 109,
5271     PAGES = {1190-1205},
5272     YEAR = 1981
5273     }
5274    
5275     @ARTICLE{Gordon:Corry1991,
5276     AUTHOR = {Gordon, C. and R.A. Corry},
5277     TITLE = {{A model simulation of the seasonal cycle in the tropical
5278     Pacific using climatological and modelled forcing}},
5279     JOURNAL = jgr,
5280     VOLUME = 96,
5281     PAGES = {847-868},
5282     YEAR = 1991
5283     }
5284    
5285     @ARTICLE{Gordon1981,
5286     AUTHOR = {Gordon, A. L.},
5287     TITLE = {{Seasonality of Southern Ocean sea ice}},
5288     JOURNAL = jgr,
5289     VOLUME = 86,
5290     PAGES = {4193-4197},
5291     YEAR = 1981
5292     }
5293    
5294     @ARTICLE{Gordon1986,
5295     AUTHOR = {Gordon, A. L.},
5296     TITLE = {{Interocean exchange of thermocline water}},
5297     JOURNAL = jgr,
5298     VOLUME = 91,
5299     PAGES = {5037-5046},
5300     YEAR = 1986
5301     }
5302    
5303     @ARTICLE{Goswami:Shukla1991,
5304     AUTHOR = {{Goswami, B.N. and J. Shukla}},
5305     TITLE = {{Predictability of a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model}},
5306     JOURNAL = jc,
5307     VOLUME = 4,
5308     PAGES = {3-22},
5309     YEAR = 1991
5310     }
5311    
5312     @ARTICLE{Graham:Barnett1987,
5313     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and T.P. Barnett},
5314     TITLE = {Sea surface temperature, surface wind divergence, and
5315     convection over tropical oceans.},
5316     JOURNAL = {Science},
5317     YEAR = 1987,
5318     VOLUME = 238,
5319     PAGES = {657-659}
5320     }
5321    
5322     @ARTICLE{Graham:White1988,
5323     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and W.B. White},
5324     TITLE = {{The El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation as a natural oscillation of the tropical Pacific ocean/atmosphere system: evidence from observations and models}},
5325     JOURNAL = {Science},
5326     VOLUME = 240,
5327     PAGES = {1293-1302},
5328     YEAR = 1988
5329     }
5330    
5331     @ARTICLE{Graham:White1990,
5332     AUTHOR = {N. E. Graham and W. B. White},
5333     TITLE = {The role of the western boundary in the {ENSO} cycle:
5334     Experiments with coupled models.},
5335     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5336     YEAR = {1990},
5337     VOLUME = {20},
5338     OPTNUMBER = {},
5339     PAGES = {1935-1948},
5340     OPTMONTH = {},
5341     OPTNOTE = {}
5342     }
5343    
5344     @ARTICLE{Graham:etal1987a,
5345     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and J. Michaelsen and T.P. Barnett},
5346     TITLE = {An investigation of the {El Ni\~no-Southern
5347     Oscillation} cycle with statistical models. 1.
5348     {Predictor field characteristics}.},
5349     JOURNAL = jgr,
5350     YEAR = {1987a},
5351     VOLUME = 92,
5352     PAGES = {14251-14270}
5353     }
5354    
5355     @ARTICLE{Graham:etal1987b,
5356     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E. and J. Michaelsen and T.P. Barnett},
5357     TITLE = {An investigation of the {El Ni\~no-Southern
5358     Oscillation} cycle with statistical models. 2.
5359     {Model results}.},
5360     JOURNAL = jgr,
5361     YEAR = {1987b},
5362     VOLUME = 92,
5363     PAGES = {14271-14290.}
5364     }
5365    
5366     @ARTICLE{Graham1994,
5367     AUTHOR = {Graham, N.E.},
5368     TITLE = {{Decadal-scale climate variability in the tropical
5369     and North Pacific during the 1970s and 1980s:
5370     observations and model results}},
5371     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
5372     YEAR = {1994},
5373     VOLUME = 10,
5374     PAGES = {135-162}
5375     }
5376    
5377     @ARTICLE{Green1970,
5378     AUTHOR = {J. S. A. Green},
5379     TITLE = {Transfer properties of the large-scale eddies and
5380     the general circulation of the atmosphere},
5381     JOURNAL = {Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
5382     YEAR = {1970},
5383     VOLUME = 96,
5384     PAGES = {157-185}
5385     }
5386    
5387     @ARTICLE{Greene:etal2000,
5388     AUTHOR = {A. M. Greene and R. Seager and W. S. Broecker},
5389     TITLE = {{Tropical snowline depression at the Last Glacial
5390     Maximum: comparison with coral and groundwater
5391     paleotemperatures}},
5392     JOURNAL = jgr,
5393     YEAR = {2000},
5394     VOLUME = {},
5395     PAGES = {},
5396     NOTE = {To be submitted}
5397     }
5398    
5399     @ARTICLE{Griffies1997,
5400     AUTHOR = {S. M. Griffies},
5401     TITLE = {{The Gent-McWilliams Skew Flux}},
5402     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5403     YEAR = {1997},
5404     VOLUME = {},
5405     PAGES = {},
5406     NOTE = {Submitted}
5407     }
5408    
5409     @ARTICLE{Grossman:Betts1990,
5410     AUTHOR = {Grossman, R. L. and A. K. Betts},
5411     TITLE = {{Air-sea interaction during an extreme cold air
5412     outbreak from the eastern coast of the United States}},
5413     JOURNAL = mwr,
5414     YEAR = {1990},
5415     VOLUME = 118,
5416     PAGES = {324-342}
5417     }
5418    
5419     @ARTICLE{Grotzner:etal1998,
5420     AUTHOR = {Gr{\"{o}}tzner, A. and M. Latif and T.P. Barnett},
5421     TITLE = {{ A decadal cycle in the North Atlantic Ocean as
5422     simulated by the ECHO coupled GCM}},
5423     JOURNAL = jc,
5424     YEAR = {1998},
5425     VOLUME = {11},
5426     PAGES = {831-847},
5427     NOTE = {}
5428     }
5429    
5430     @ARTICLE{Guilderson:etal1994,
5431     AUTHOR = {Guilderson, T. P. and R. G. Fairbanks and J. L. Rubenstone},
5432     TITLE = {{Tropical temperature variations since 20 000 years
5433     ago: Modulating interhemispheric climate change}},
5434     JOURNAL = {Science},
5435     YEAR = {1994},
5436     VOLUME = 263,
5437     PAGES = {663-665}
5438     }
5439    
5440     @ARTICLE{Gutowski:etal1989,
5441     AUTHOR = {W. J. Gutowski and L. E. Branscome and D. A. Stewart},
5442     TITLE = {{Mean flow adjustment during life cycle of baroclinic waves}},
5443     JOURNAL = jas,
5444     PAGES = {1724-1737},
5445     YEAR = 1989
5446     }
5447    
5448     @ARTICLE{Gutzler:Wood1989,
5449     AUTHOR = {Gutzler, D.S. and T.M. Wood},
5450     TITLE = {{Structure of large-scale convective anomalies over tropical oceans}},
5451     JOURNAL = jc,
5452     PAGES = {(in press)},
5453     YEAR = 1989
5454     }
5455    
5456     @ARTICLE{Hahn:Manabe1975,
5457     AUTHOR = {Hahn, D. G. and S. Manabe},
5458     TITLE = {{The role of mountains in the South Asian monsoon circulation}},
5459     JOURNAL = jas,
5460     VOLUME = {32},
5461     PAGES = {1515-1541},
5462     YEAR = {1975}
5463     }
5464    
5465     @TECHREPORT{Halpern:Harrison1982,
5466     AUTHOR = {Halpern, D. and D.E. Harrison},
5467     TITLE = {{Report 82-1, Dept. of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography.}},
5468     INSTITUTION = {{Mass. Instit. Tech.},},
5469     YEAR = 1982
5470     }
5471    
5472     @ARTICLE{Hall:Visbeck2000,
5473     AUTHOR = {A. Hall and M. Visbeck},
5474     TITLE = {{The oceanographic effects of the southern hemisphere
5475     annular mode}},
5476     JOURNAL = jc,
5477     VOLUME = {},
5478     PAGES = {},
5479     YEAR = {2000},
5480     NOTE = {submitted}
5481     }
5482    
5483     @ARTICLE{Halliwell1998,
5484     AUTHOR = {G. R. Halliwell},
5485     TITLE = {{Simulation of North Atlantic decadal/multidecadal winter
5486     SST anomalies driven by basin-scale atmospheric
5487     circulation anomalies}},
5488     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5489     VOLUME = {28},
5490     PAGES = {5-21},
5491     YEAR = {1998}
5492     }
5493    
5494     @ARTICLE{Han1984,
5495     AUTHOR = {Y. Han},
5496     TITLE = {{A numerical world ocean general circulation model, II: A
5497     baroclinic experiment}},
5498     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans},
5499     VOLUME = {8},
5500     PAGES = {141-172},
5501     YEAR = {1984}
5502     }
5503    
5504     @ARTICLE{Haney1971,
5505     AUTHOR = {R. L. Haney},
5506     TITLE = {{Surface thermal boundary conditions for ocean circulation models}},
5507     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5508     VOLUME = {1},
5509     PAGES = {241-248},
5510     YEAR = {1971}
5511     }
5512    
5513     @ARTICLE{Hansen:Lebedeff1988,
5514     AUTHOR = {Hansen, J. and S. Lebedeff},
5515     TITLE = {{Global surface air temperatures: Update through 1987}},
5516     JOURNAL = jgr,
5517     VOLUME = {92},
5518     PAGES = {345-13, 372},
5519     YEAR = {1988}
5520     }
5521    
5522     @ARTICLE{Hansen:etal1988,
5523     AUTHOR = {Hansen, J. and I. Fung And A. Lacis And D. Rind And S. Lebedeff And R. Ruedy and G. Russell},
5524     TITLE = {{Three-dimensional model}},
5525     JOURNAL = jgr,
5526     VOLUME = {93},
5527     PAGES = {9341-9364},
5528     YEAR = {1988}
5529     }
5530    
5531     @ARTICLE{Hansen:etal1981,
5532     AUTHOR = {Hansen, J. and D. Johnson and A. Lacis and S. Lebedeff and
5533     P. Lee and D. Rind and G. Russell},
5534     TITLE = {{Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide}},
5535     JOURNAL = {Science},
5536     VOLUME = {213},
5537     PAGES = {957-966},
5538     YEAR = {1981}
5539     }
5540    
5541     @INCOLLECTION{Hansen:etal1984,
5542     AUTHOR = {J. E. Hansen and A. Lacis and D. Rind and G. Russel
5543     and P. Stone and I Fung and R. Ruedy and J. Lerner},
5544     TITLE = {{Climate sensitivity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms}},
5545     BOOKTITLE = {{In: Climate processes and climate sensitivity.
5546     Geophys. Mongr. Ser. 29}},
5547     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysical Union},
5548     YEAR = 1984,
5549     EDITOR = {J. E. Hansen and T. Takahashi},
5550     PAGES = {130-163},
5551     ADDRESS = {Washington DC}
5552     }
5553    
5554     @ARTICLE{Harrison:Cane1984,
5555     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and Mark A. Cane},
5556     TITLE = {{Changes in the Pacific during the 1982-1983 event}},
5557     JOURNAL = {Oceanus},
5558     VOLUME = {27},
5559     PAGES = {21-28},
5560     YEAR = {1984}
5561     }
5562    
5563     @ARTICLE{Harrison:Cardone1984,
5564     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and V.J. Cardone},
5565     TITLE = {{Tropical Atlantic wind field variations during SEQUAL; I. Preliminary results.}},
5566     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
5567     VOLUME = {11},
5568     PAGES = {722-725},
5569     YEAR = {1984}
5570     }
5571    
5572     @ARTICLE{Harrison:Schopf1984,
5573     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and P.S. Schopf},
5574     TITLE = {{Kelvin-wave-induced anomalous advection and the onset of surface warming in El Ni\~no event}},
5575     JOURNAL = mwr,
5576     VOLUME = {112},
5577     PAGES = {923-933},
5578     YEAR = {1984}
5579     }
5580    
5581     @ARTICLE{Harrison:etal1989,
5582     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E. and W.S. Kessler and B.S. Giese},
5583     TITLE = {{Ocean circulation model hindcasts of the 1982-83 El Ni\~no: thermal variability along ship of opportunity tracks}},
5584     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5585     VOLUME = {19},
5586     PAGES = {397-418},
5587     YEAR = {1989}
5588     }
5589    
5590     @ARTICLE{Harrison1989,
5591     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D.E.},
5592     TITLE = {{Local and remote forcing of ENSO ocean waveguide response}},
5593     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5594     VOLUME = {19},
5595     PAGES = {691-695},
5596     YEAR = {1989}
5597     }
5598    
5599     @ARTICLE{Harrison1991,
5600     AUTHOR = {Harrison, D. E.},
5601     TITLE = {{Equatorial sea surface temperature sensitivity to net
5602     surface heat flux: Some ocean circulation model results}},
5603     JOURNAL = jc,
5604     VOLUME = {5},
5605     PAGES = {539-549},
5606     YEAR = {1991}
5607     }
5608    
5609     @TECHREPORT{Harshvardhan1992,
5610     AUTHOR = {Harshvardhan},
5611     TITLE = {{The use of TOA cloud longwave radiative forcing to
5612     estimate mean monthly surface longwave radiation. {\em
5613     WCRP Report No. 75}, Hydrology and surface radiaton
5614     in atmospheric models.}},
5615     INSTITUTION = {WMO/TD-492},
5616     YEAR = 1992,
5617     NUMBER = {},
5618     PAGES = {25-40},
5619     ADDRESS = {}
5620     }
5621    
5622     @ARTICLE{Hart:etal1990,
5623     AUTHOR = {Hart, T. L. and W. Bourke and B. J. McAvaney and
5624     B. W. Forgan and J. L. McGregor},
5625     TITLE = {{Atmospheric general circulation simulations with the BMRC
5626     global spectral model: The impact of revised
5627     physical parameterizations}},
5628     JOURNAL = jc,
5629     VOLUME = {3},
5630     PAGES = {436-459},
5631     YEAR = {1990}
5632     }
5633    
5634     @ARTICLE{Hartmann:Michelsen1993,
5635     AUTHOR = {D. L. Hartmann and M. Michelsen},
5636     TITLE = {{Large scale effects on the regulation of tropical sea
5637     surface temperature}},
5638     JOURNAL = jc,
5639     VOLUME = {6},
5640     PAGES = {2049-2062},
5641     YEAR = {1993}
5642     }
5643    
5644     @ARTICLE{Hartmann:etal1992,
5645     AUTHOR = {D. L. Hartmann and M. E. Ockert-Bell and M. Michelsen},
5646     TITLE = {{The effect of cloud type on Earth's energy balance: Global analysis}},
5647     JOURNAL = jc,
5648     VOLUME = {5},
5649     PAGES = {1281-1304},
5650     YEAR = {1992}
5651     }
5652    
5653     @BOOK{Hartmann1994,
5654     AUTHOR = {D. L. Hartmann},
5655     TITLE = {{Global Physical Climatology}},
5656     PAGES = {411},
5657     YEAR = 1994,
5658     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press, New York}}
5659     }
5660    
5661     @ARTICLE{Hasselmann1976,
5662     AUTHOR = {Hasselmann, K.},
5663     TITLE = {{Stochastic climate models. Part I: Theory}},
5664     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
5665     VOLUME = {28},
5666     PAGES = {473-485},
5667     YEAR = {1976}
5668     }
5669    
5670     @ARTICLE{Hasselmann1988,
5671     AUTHOR = {Hasselmann, K.},
5672     TITLE = {{PIPs and POPs: the reduction of complex dynamical systems using
5673     principal interaction and Oscillation patterns}},
5674     JOURNAL = jgr,
5675     VOLUME = {93},
5676     PAGES = {11015-11021},
5677     YEAR = {1988}
5678     }
5679    
5680     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath1978,
5681     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S.},
5682     TITLE = {{On modes of tropical circulation and climate anomalies}},
5683     JOURNAL = jas,
5684     VOLUME = 35,
5685     PAGES = {2222-2231},
5686     YEAR = 1978
5687     }
5688    
5689     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:etal1984,
5690     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and M.C. Wu and P.-S. Chu},
5691     TITLE = {{Towards the monitoring and prediction of north-east
5692     Brazil droughts.}},
5693     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. R. Met. Soc.},
5694     YEAR = {1984},
5695     VOLUME = {110},
5696     OPTNUMBER = {},
5697     PAGES = {411-425},
5698     OPTMONTH = {},
5699     OPTNOTE = {}
5700     }
5701    
5702     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath1984,
5703     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S.},
5704     TITLE = {{Interannual variability and the annual cycle: Mechanisms of circulation and climate in the tropical Atlantic sector}},
5705     JOURNAL = mwr,
5706     VOLUME = 112,
5707     PAGES = {1097-1107},
5708     YEAR = 1984
5709     }
5710    
5711     @BOOK{Hastenrath1985,
5712     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S.},
5713     TITLE = {{Climate and circulation in the tropics}},
5714     PAGES = {455},
5715     YEAR = {1985},
5716     PUBLISHER = {{D. Reidel}}
5717     }
5718    
5719     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath1976,
5720     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath},
5721     TITLE = {{Variations in low-latitude circulation and extreme
5722     climatic events in the tropical Americas.}},
5723     JOURNAL = jas,
5724     YEAR = {1976},
5725     VOLUME = {33},
5726     OPTNUMBER = {},
5727     PAGES = {202-215},
5728     OPTMONTH = {},
5729     OPTNOTE = {}
5730     }
5731    
5732     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:1978,
5733     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath},
5734     TITLE = {On modes of tropical circulation and climate anomalies.},
5735     JOURNAL = jas,
5736     YEAR = {1978},
5737     VOLUME = {35},
5738     OPTNUMBER = {},
5739     PAGES = {2222-2231},
5740     OPTMONTH = {},
5741     OPTNOTE = {}
5742     }
5743    
5744     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:Kaczmarczyk1981,
5745     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and E.B. Kaczmarczyk},
5746     TITLE = {{On spectra and coherence of tropical climate anomales.}},
5747     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
5748     YEAR = {1981},
5749     VOLUME = {33},
5750     OPTNUMBER = {},
5751     PAGES = {453-462},
5752     OPTMONTH = {},
5753     OPTNOTE = {}
5754     }
5755    
5756     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:Heller1977,
5757     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and L. Heller},
5758     TITLE = {{Dynamics of climatic hazards in Northeast Brazil.}},
5759     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. R. Met. Soc.},
5760     YEAR = {1977},
5761     VOLUME = {103},
5762     OPTNUMBER = {},
5763     PAGES = {77-92},
5764     OPTMONTH = {},
5765     OPTNOTE = {}
5766     }
5767    
5768     @ARTICLE{Hastenrath:Greischar1993,
5769     AUTHOR = {S. Hastenrath and L. Greischar},
5770     TITLE = {{Circulation mechanisms related to northeast Brazil
5771     rainfall anomalies.}},
5772     JOURNAL = jgr,
5773     YEAR = {1993},
5774     VOLUME = {98},
5775     OPTNUMBER = {},
5776     PAGES = {5093-5102},
5777     OPTMONTH = {},
5778     OPTNOTE = {}
5779     }
5780    
5781     @BOOK{Hastenrath:Lamb1977,
5782     AUTHOR = {Hastenrath, S. and P.J. Lamb},
5783     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean}},
5784     PAGES = {15},
5785     FIGS = {97},
5786     YEAR = {1977},
5787     PUBLISHER = {{The University of Wisconsin Press}}
5788     }
5789    
5790     @BOOK{Hauser:Taylor1986,
5791     AUTHOR = {Hauser, J. and C. Taylor},
5792     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation in computational fluid dynamics}},
5793     YEAR = {1986},
5794     PUBLISHER = {{Pineridge Press}}
5795     }
5796    
5797     @ARTICLE{Hayashi:Sumi1986,
5798     AUTHOR = {Y.-Y. Hayashi and A. Sumi},
5799     TITLE = {The 30-40 day oscillation in an 'aqua-planet' model},
5800     JOURNAL = {J. Meteor. Soc. Japan II},
5801     YEAR = {1986},
5802     VOLUME = {64},
5803     OPTNUMBER = {},
5804     PAGES = {451-467},
5805     OPTMONTH = {},
5806     OPTNOTE = {}
5807     }
5808    
5809     @ARTICLE{Hazeleger:etal2001,
5810     AUTHOR = {W. Hazeleger and R. Seager and M. Visbeck and N. Naik
5811     and K. Rodgers},
5812     TITLE = {On the impact of the mid-latitude stormtrack on the
5813     upper Pacific},
5814     JOURNAL = jc,
5815     YEAR = {2001},
5816     VOLUME = {},
5817     OPTNUMBER = {},
5818     PAGES = {},
5819     OPTMONTH = {},
5820     OPTNOTE = {In press}
5821     }
5822    
5823     @ARTICLE{Held:Hou1980,
5824     AUTHOR = {Held, I.M. and A. Y. Hou},
5825     TITLE = {Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly
5826     inviscid atmosphere},
5827     JOURNAL = jas,
5828     YEAR = {1980},
5829     VOLUME = {37},
5830     OPTNUMBER = {},
5831     PAGES = {515-533},
5832     OPTMONTH = {},
5833     OPTNOTE = {}
5834     }
5835    
5836     @ARTICLE{Held:Suarez1978,
5837     AUTHOR = {Held, I.M. and M.J. Suarez},
5838     TITLE = {A two-level primitive equation atmospheric model
5839     designed for climatic sensitivity experiments.},
5840     JOURNAL = jas,
5841     YEAR = {1978},
5842     VOLUME = {35},
5843     OPTNUMBER = {},
5844     PAGES = {206-229},
5845     OPTMONTH = {},
5846     OPTNOTE = {}
5847     }
5848    
5849     @INCOLLECTION{Held1982,
5850     AUTHOR = {I. M. Held},
5851     TITLE = {{Stationary and quasi-stationary eddies in the extratropical
5852     troposphere: theory}},
5853     EDITOR = {{B. J. Hoskins and R. P. Pearce}},
5854     BOOKTITLE = {{Large-scale dynamical processes in the atmosphere}},
5855     PAGES = {127-168},
5856     YEAR = 1982,
5857     PUBLISHER = {Academic Press, London}
5858     }
5859    
5860     @ARTICLE{Hellerman1980,
5861     AUTHOR = {Hellerman, S.},
5862     TITLE = {{Charts of the variability of the wind stress over the tropical Atlantic. GATE Suppl. II}},
5863     JOURNAL = {Deep Sea Res.},
5864     VOLUME = {26},
5865     PAGES = {63-75},
5866     YEAR = {1980}
5867     }
5868    
5869     @ARTICLE{Hellerman:Rosenstein1983,
5870     AUTHOR = {Hellerman, S. and M. Rosenstein},
5871     TITLE = {{Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates}},
5872     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5873     VOLUME = {13},
5874     PAGES = {1093-1104},
5875     YEAR = {1983}
5876     }
5877    
5878     @BOOK{Henshaw1985,
5879     AUTHOR = {Henshaw, W.D.},
5880     TITLE = {{Part 1: The numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws; Part 2: Composite overlapping grid techniques}},
5881     PAGES = {170},
5882     YEAR = {1985},
5883     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis}}
5884     }
5885    
5886     @ARTICLE{Herman:Goody1976,
5887     AUTHOR = {Herman, G. and R. Goody},
5888     TITLE = {{Formation and persistence of summertime Arctic stratus clouds}},
5889     JOURNAL = jas,
5890     VOLUME = {33},
5891     PAGES = {1537-1553},
5892     YEAR = {1976}
5893     }
5894    
5895     @ARTICLE{Herterich:Hasselmann1987,
5896     AUTHOR = {K. Herterich and K. Hasselmann},
5897     TITLE = {Extraction of Mixed Layer Advection Velocities,
5898     Diffusion Coefficients, Feedback Factors and
5899     Atmospheric Forcing Parameters from the Statistical
5900     Analysis of {North} {Pacific} {SST} Anomaly Fields.},
5901     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5902     YEAR = 1987,
5903     VOLUME = 17,
5904     PAGES = {2145-2156},
5905     KEYWORDS = {Inverse modeling}
5906     }
5907    
5908     @ARTICLE{Hess:etal1993,
5909     AUTHOR = {Hess, P. G. and D. S. Battisti and P. J. Rasch},
5910     TITLE = {{Maintenance of the Intertropical Convergence Zones and the
5911     large-scale tropical circulation on a water-covered Earth}},
5912     JOURNAL = jas,
5913     VOLUME = {50},
5914     PAGES = {691-713},
5915     YEAR = {1993}
5916     }
5917    
5918     @ARTICLE{Hewitt:Mitchell1997,
5919     AUTHOR = {Hewitt, C. D. and J. F. B. Mitchell},
5920     TITLE = {{Radiative forcing and response of a GCM to ice age boundary
5921     conditions: cloud feedback and climate sensitivity}},
5922     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
5923     VOLUME = {13},
5924     PAGES = {821-834},
5925     YEAR = {1997}
5926     }
5927    
5928     @ARTICLE{Hibler1979,
5929     AUTHOR = {W. D. Hibler},
5930     TITLE = {{A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model}},
5931     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
5932     VOLUME = {9},
5933     PAGES = {815-846},
5934     YEAR = {1979}
5935     }
5936    
5937     @ARTICLE{Hirst1986,
5938     AUTHOR = {Hirst, A.C.},
5939     TITLE = {{Unstable and damped equatorial modes in simple coupled ocean-atmosphere models}},
5940     JOURNAL = jas,
5941     VOLUME = {43},
5942     PAGES = {606-630},
5943     YEAR = {1986}
5944     }
5945    
5946     @ARTICLE{Hirst1988,
5947     AUTHOR = {Hirst, A.C.},
5948     TITLE = {{Slow instabilities in tropical ocean basin - global atmosphere models}},
5949     JOURNAL = jas,
5950     VOLUME = {45},
5951     PAGES = {830-852},
5952     YEAR = {1988}
5953     }
5954    
5955     @ARTICLE{Hirst:Hastenrath1983a,
5956     AUTHOR = {A.C. Hirst and S. Hastenrath},
5957     TITLE = {{Diagnostics of hydrometeorological anomalies in the
5958     Zaire (Congo) basin.}},
5959     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. R. Met. Soc.},
5960     YEAR = {1983a},
5961     VOLUME = {109},
5962     OPTNUMBER = {},
5963     PAGES = {881-892},
5964     OPTMONTH = {},
5965     OPTNOTE = {}
5966     }
5967    
5968     @ARTICLE{Hirst:Hastenrath1983b,
5969     AUTHOR = {A.C. Hirst and S. Hastenrath},
5970     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-ocean mechanisms of climate anomalies in
5971     the Angola-tropical Atlantic sector.}},
5972     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.l},
5973     YEAR = {1983b},
5974     VOLUME = {13},
5975     OPTNUMBER = {},
5976     PAGES = {1146-1157},
5977     OPTMONTH = {},
5978     OPTNOTE = {}
5979     }
5980    
5981     @ARTICLE{Holton:Colton1972,
5982     AUTHOR = {Holton, J. R. and D. E. Colton},
5983     TITLE = {{A diagnostic study of the vorticity balance at 200mb
5984     in the tropics during the northern summer}},
5985     JOURNAL = jas,
5986     YEAR = {1972},
5987     VOLUME = {29},
5988     OPTNUMBER = {},
5989     PAGES = {1124-1128},
5990     OPTMONTH = {},
5991     OPTNOTE = {}
5992     }
5993    
5994     @ARTICLE{Holton:etal1971,
5995     AUTHOR = {Holton, J. R. and J. M. Wallace and J. A. Young},
5996     TITLE = {{On boundary layer dynamics and the ITCZ}},
5997     JOURNAL = jas,
5998     YEAR = {1971},
5999     VOLUME = {28},
6000     OPTNUMBER = {},
6001     PAGES = {275-280},
6002     OPTMONTH = {},
6003     OPTNOTE = {}
6004     }
6005    
6006     @ARTICLE{Holtslag:Boville1993,
6007     AUTHOR = {Holtslag, A. A. M. and B. A. Boville},
6008     TITLE = {{Local versus nonlocal boundary layer diffusion in a
6009     global climate model}},
6010     JOURNAL = jc,
6011     YEAR = {1993},
6012     VOLUME = {6},
6013     OPTNUMBER = {},
6014     PAGES = {1825-1842},
6015     OPTMONTH = {},
6016     OPTNOTE = {}
6017     }
6018    
6019     @ARTICLE{Holtslag:etal1990,
6020     AUTHOR = {Holtslag, A. A. M. and E. I. F. deBruijn and H. L. Pan},
6021     TITLE = {{A high resolution air mass transformation model for
6022     short-range weather forecasting}},
6023     JOURNAL = mwr,
6024     YEAR = {1990},
6025     VOLUME = {118},
6026     OPTNUMBER = {},
6027     PAGES = {1561-1575},
6028     OPTMONTH = {},
6029     OPTNOTE = {}
6030     }
6031    
6032     @ARTICLE{Horel:Wallace1981,
6033     AUTHOR = {Horel, J. D. and Wallace, J. M.},
6034     TITLE = {Planetary scale atmospheric phenomena associated with
6035     the {Southern Oscillation}.},
6036     JOURNAL = {Mon. Wea. Rev. },
6037     YEAR = {1981},
6038     VOLUME = {109},
6039     OPTNUMBER = {},
6040     PAGES = {813-829},
6041     OPTMONTH = {},
6042     OPTNOTE = {}
6043     }
6044    
6045     @ARTICLE{Hoskins:Karoly1981,
6046     AUTHOR = {Hoskins, B.J. and K. Karoly},
6047     TITLE = {{The steady response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. }},
6048     JOURNAL = jas,
6049     VOLUME = {38},
6050     PAGES = {1179-1196},
6051     YEAR = {1981}
6052     }
6053    
6054     @ARTICLE{Hoskins:Valdes1990,
6055     AUTHOR = {Hoskins, B.J. and P. J. Valdes},
6056     TITLE = {{On the existence of storm tracks. }},
6057     JOURNAL = jas,
6058     VOLUME = {47},
6059     PAGES = {1854-1864},
6060     YEAR = {1990}
6061     }
6062    
6063     @ARTICLE{Hoskins1996,
6064     AUTHOR = {Hoskins, B.J.},
6065     TITLE = {{On the existence and strength of the summer subtropical anticyclones }},
6066     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
6067     VOLUME = {77},
6068     PAGES = {1287-1292},
6069     YEAR = {1996}
6070     }
6071    
6072     @ARTICLE{Houghton:Colin1987,
6073     AUTHOR = {Robert W. Houghton and Christian Colin},
6074     TITLE = {Wind-Driven Meridional Eddy Flux in the {Gulf} of {Guinea}},
6075     JOURNAL = jgr,
6076     YEAR = 1987,
6077     VOLUME = 92,
6078     NUMBER = {C10},
6079     PAGES = {10777-10786},
6080     KEYWORDS = {eddy heat flux, Gulf of Guinea}
6081     }
6082    
6083     @ARTICLE{Houghton:Tourre1992,
6084     AUTHOR = {Houghton, R. W. and Y. Tourre},
6085     TITLE = {{Characteristics of low frequency sea surface temperature fluctuations in the tropical Atlantic}},
6086     JOURNAL = jc,
6087     VOLUME = 5,
6088     PAGES = {765-771},
6089     YEAR = 1992
6090     }
6091    
6092     @ARTICLE{Hsiung1986,
6093     AUTHOR = {Hsiung, J.},
6094     TITLE = {{Mean surface energy fluxes over the global ocean}},
6095     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6096     VOLUME = {91},
6097     PAGES = {10,585-10,606},
6098     YEAR = {1986}
6099     }
6100    
6101     @ARTICLE{Hsiung:etal1989,
6102     AUTHOR = {Hsiung, J. and R. E. Newell and T. Houghtby},
6103     TITLE = {{The annual cycle of oceanic heat storage and oceanic meridional heat transport}},
6104     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
6105     VOLUME = {115},
6106     PAGES = {1-28},
6107     YEAR = {1989}
6108     }
6109    
6110     @ARTICLE{Huang:Bryan1987,
6111     AUTHOR = {Huang, R.X. and D. Bryan},
6112     TITLE = {{A multilayer model of the thermohaline and wind-driven ocean circulation}},
6113     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6114     VOLUME = {17},
6115     PAGES = {1909-1024},
6116     YEAR = {1987}
6117     }
6118    
6119     @ARTICLE{Huang:Shukla1997,
6120     AUTHOR = {Huang, B. and J. Shukla},
6121     TITLE = {{Characteristics of the interannual and decadal variability
6122     in a general circulation model of the tropical
6123     Atlantic Ocean}},
6124     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6125     VOLUME = {27},
6126     PAGES = {1693-1712},
6127     YEAR = {1997}
6128     }
6129    
6130     @ARTICLE{Hurrell1995,
6131     AUTHOR = {J. W. Hurrell},
6132     TITLE = {{Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional
6133     temperatures and precipitation}},
6134     JOURNAL = {Science},
6135     VOLUME = {269},
6136     PAGES = {676-679},
6137     YEAR = {1995}
6138     }
6139    
6140     @ARTICLE{Hurrell1996,
6141     AUTHOR = {J. W. Hurrell},
6142     TITLE = {{Influence of variations in extratropical wintertime
6143     teleconnections on Northern Hemisphere temperature}},
6144     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
6145     VOLUME = {23},
6146     PAGES = {665-668},
6147     YEAR = {1996}
6148     }
6149    
6150     @ARTICLE{Hurrell:VanLoon1997,
6151     AUTHOR = {J. W. Hurrell and H. Van Loon},
6152     TITLE = {{Decadal variations in climate associated with the North
6153     Atlantic Oscillation}},
6154     JOURNAL = {Climatic Change},
6155     VOLUME = {36},
6156     PAGES = {301-326},
6157     NOTE = {},
6158     YEAR = {1997}
6159     }
6160    
6161     @ARTICLE{Inamdar:Ramanathan1994,
6162     AUTHOR = {Inamdar, A. K. and V. Ramanathan},
6163     TITLE = {Physics of greenhouse effect and convection in warm oceans},
6164     JOURNAL = jc,
6165     YEAR = {1994},
6166     VOLUME = {7},
6167     OPTNUMBER = {},
6168     PAGES = {715-731},
6169     OPTMONTH = {},
6170     OPTNOTE = {}
6171     }
6172    
6173     @ARTICLE{Inoue:O'Brien1984,
6174     AUTHOR = {Inoue, M. and J.J. O'Brien},
6175     TITLE = {A forecasting model for the onset of {El Ni\~no}.},
6176     JOURNAL = mwr,
6177     YEAR = {1984},
6178     VOLUME = {112},
6179     OPTNUMBER = {},
6180     PAGES = {2326-2337},
6181     OPTMONTH = {},
6182     OPTNOTE = {}
6183     }
6184    
6185     @BOOK{IPCC1990,
6186     AUTHOR = {{Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}},
6187     TITLE = {{Climate change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment}},
6188     YEAR = {1990},
6189     PAGES = {365},
6190     PUBLISHER = {{Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 365pp}}
6191     }
6192    
6193     @ARTICLE{Israeli:Gottlieb1974,
6194     AUTHOR = {M. Israeli and D. Gottlieb},
6195     TITLE = {xxx},
6196     JOURNAL = mwr,
6197     YEAR = 1974,
6198     VOLUME = 102,
6199     PAGES = {254-256}
6200     }
6201    
6202     @ARTICLE{Israeli:etal1999,
6203     AUTHOR = {M. Israeli and N. Naik and M. A. Cane},
6204     TITLE = {{An unconditionally stable scheme for the shallow
6205     water equations}},
6206     JOURNAL = mwr,
6207     YEAR = 2000,
6208     VOLUME = {128},
6209     PAGES = {810-823},
6210     OPTNOTE = {}
6211     }
6212    
6213     @ARTICLE{Jaeger1976,
6214     AUTHOR = {Jaeger, L.},
6215     TITLE = {{Monatskarten des Niederschlags f{\"ur} die ganze Erde.}},
6216     JOURNAL = {{Ber. Dtsch. Wetterdienstes}},
6217     VOLUME = {{18(139)}},
6218     YEAR = {1976},
6219     PAGES = {{38pp}}
6220     }
6221    
6222     @ARTICLE{Jabouille:etal1996,
6223     AUTHOR = {P. Jabouille and J. L. Redelsperger and J. P. LaFlore},
6224     TITLE = {{Modification of surface fluxes by atmospheric convection in
6225     the TOGA COARE region}},
6226     JOURNAL = mwr,
6227     VOLUME = {124},
6228     PAGES = {816-837},
6229     YEAR = {1996}
6230     }
6231    
6232     @ARTICLE{Janjic1990,
6233     AUTHOR = {Z. I. Janji\'{c}},
6234     TITLE = {{The step-mountain coordinate: Physical passage}},
6235     JOURNAL = mwr,
6236     VOLUME = {118},
6237     PAGES = {1429-1443},
6238     YEAR = {1990}
6239     }
6240    
6241     @ARTICLE{Janjic1994,
6242     AUTHOR = {Z. I. Janji\'{c}},
6243     TITLE = {{The step-mountain Eta coordinate model: Further
6244     developments of the convection, viscous sublayer,
6245     and turbulence closure schemes}},
6246     JOURNAL = mwr,
6247     VOLUME = {122},
6248     PAGES = {927-945},
6249     YEAR = {1994}
6250     }
6251    
6252     @ARTICLE{Jenkins1982,
6253     AUTHOR = {Jenkins, W.J.},
6254     TITLE = {{On the climate of a subtropical ocean gyre: Decadal timescale variations in water mass renewal in the Sargasso Sea}},
6255     JOURNAL = jmr,
6256     VOLUME = {40Suppl},
6257     PAGES = {265-290},
6258     YEAR = {1982}
6259     }
6260    
6261     @BOOK{Jenkins:Watts1968,
6262     AUTHOR = {Gwilym M. Jenkins and Donald G. Watts},
6263     TITLE = {Spectral Analysis and its applications},
6264     PUBLISHER = {Holden-Day},
6265     YEAR = {1968},
6266     PAGES = {525},
6267     OPTEDITOR = {},
6268     OPTVOLUME = {},
6269     OPTSERIES = {},
6270     OPTADDRESS = {},
6271     OPTEDITION = {},
6272     OPTMONTH = {},
6273     OPTNOTE = {}
6274     }
6275    
6276     @ARTICLE{Jin:Neelin1993,
6277     AUTHOR = {F.-F. Jin and J. D. Neelin},
6278     TITLE = {{Modes of interannual tropical ocean-atmosphere
6279     interaction - a unified view. Part I: numerical results.}},
6280     JOURNAL = jas,
6281     NOTE = {(accepted)},
6282     YEAR = {1993}
6283     }
6284    
6285     @ARTICLE{Jin1997,
6286     AUTHOR = {F.-F. Jin},
6287     TITLE = {{A theory of interdecadal climate variability of the
6288     North Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere system}},
6289     JOURNAL = jc,
6290     NOTE = {},
6291     VOLUME = {10},
6292     PAGES = {1821-1835},
6293     YEAR = {1997}
6294     }
6295    
6296     @ARTICLE{Jones1988,
6297     AUTHOR = {Jones, P.D.},
6298     TITLE = {The influence of ENSO on global temperatures.},
6299     JOURNAL = {Climate Monitor},
6300     YEAR = {1988},
6301     VOLUME = {17},
6302     OPTNUMBER = {},
6303     PAGES = {80-89},
6304     OPTMONTH = {},
6305     OPTNOTE = {}
6306     }
6307    
6308     @ARTICLE{Kalnay:etal1996,
6309     AUTHOR = {E. Kalnay and others},
6310     TITLE = {{The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project}},
6311     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
6312     VOLUME = 77,
6313     PAGES = {437-471},
6314     YEAR = 1996
6315     }
6316    
6317     @ARTICLE{Kanamitsu:etal1990,
6318     AUTHOR = {Kanamitsu, M. and K. C. Mo and E. Kalnay},
6319     TITLE = {{Annual cycle integration of the NMC medium-range
6320     forecasting (MRF) model}},
6321     JOURNAL = mwr,
6322     VOLUME = 118,
6323     PAGES = {2543-2467},
6324     YEAR = 1990
6325     }
6326    
6327     @ARTICLE{Kantha:Mellor1989,
6328     AUTHOR = {Kantha, L. H. and G. L. Mellor},
6329     TITLE = {{A numerical model of the atmospheric boundary layer over a
6330     marginal ice zone}},
6331     JOURNAL = jgr,
6332     VOLUME = 94,
6333     PAGES = {4959-4970},
6334     YEAR = 1989
6335     }
6336    
6337     @ARTICLE{Kaplan:etal1997a,
6338     AUTHOR = {A. Kaplan and Y. Kushnir and M. A. Cane and M. B. Blumenthal},
6339     TITLE = {{Reduced space optimal analysis for historical data sets:
6340     136 years of Atlantic sea surface temperatures}},
6341     JOURNAL = jgr,
6342     VOLUME = {},
6343     PAGES = {},
6344     NOTE = {in press},
6345     YEAR = 1997
6346     }
6347    
6348     @ARTICLE{Kaplan:etal1997b,
6349     AUTHOR = {A. Kaplan and M. A. Cane and Y. Kushnir and A. C. Clement
6350     and M. B. Blumenthal and B. Rajagopalan},
6351     TITLE = {{Analyses of global sea surface temperature: 1856-1991}},
6352     JOURNAL = jgr,
6353     VOLUME = {},
6354     PAGES = {},
6355     NOTE = {in press},
6356     YEAR = 1997
6357     }
6358    
6359     @ARTICLE{Kasahara1976,
6360     AUTHOR = {A. Kasahara},
6361     TITLE = {{Normal modes of ultralong waves in the atmosphere}},
6362     JOURNAL = mwr,
6363     VOLUME = 104,
6364     PAGES = {669-690},
6365     YEAR = 1976
6366     }
6367    
6368     @ARTICLE{Kasahara1978,
6369     AUTHOR = {A. Kasahara},
6370     TITLE = {{Further studies on a spectral model of the global
6371     barotropic primitive equations with Hough harmonic expansions}},
6372     JOURNAL = jas,
6373     VOLUME = 35,
6374     PAGES = {2043-2051},
6375     YEAR = 1978
6376     }
6377    
6378     @ARTICLE{Karspeck:Cane2001,
6379     AUTHOR = {A. Karspeck and M. A. Cane},
6380     TITLE = {{Tropical Pacific 1976/77 climate shift in a linear
6381     wind-driven model}},
6382     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6383     VOLUME = {},
6384     PAGES = {},
6385     NOTE = {submitted},
6386     YEAR = 2001
6387     }
6388    
6389     @ARTICLE{Kasahara:Shigehisa1983,
6390     AUTHOR = {A. Kasahara and Y. Shigehisa},
6391     TITLE = {{Orthogonal vertical normal modes of a vertically staggered
6392     discretized atmospheric model}},
6393     JOURNAL = mwr,
6394     VOLUME = 111,
6395     PAGES = {1724-1735},
6396     YEAR = 1983
6397     }
6398    
6399     @ARTICLE{Kawase1987,
6400     AUTHOR = {Kawase, M.},
6401     TITLE = {{Establishment of deep ocean circulation driven by deep-water production.}},
6402     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6403     VOLUME = {17},
6404     PAGES = {2294-2317},
6405     YEAR = {1987}
6406     }
6407    
6408     @TECHREPORT{Kiehl:etal1987,
6409     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J.T and R.J. Wolski and B.P. Briegleb and V. Ramanathan},
6410     TITLE = {{Documentation of radiation and cloud routines in the NCAR
6411     Community Climate Model (CCM1)}},
6412     INSTITUTION = {{National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
6413     Colorado, 109pp}},
6414     NUMBER = {NCAR/TN-288+1A},
6415     YEAR = {1987}
6416     }
6417    
6418     @ARTICLE{Kiehl:Briegleb1991,
6419     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J. T. and B. P. Briegleb},
6420     TITLE = {{A new parameterization of the absorptance due to the
6421     15-$\mu$m band system of carbon dioxide}},
6422     JOURNAL = jgr,
6423     VOLUME = {96},
6424     PAGES = {9013-9019},
6425     YEAR = {1991 }
6426     }
6427    
6428     @ARTICLE{Kiehl:Ramanathan1982,
6429     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J. T. and V. Ramanathan},
6430     TITLE = {{Radiative heating due to increased $C0_2$: The role of the
6431     $H_2O$ continuum absorption in the 12-18$\mu$m region.}},
6432     JOURNAL = jas,
6433     VOLUME = {39},
6434     PAGES = {2923-2926},
6435     YEAR = {1982 }
6436     }
6437    
6438     @ARTICLE{Kiehl:Ramanathan1983,
6439     AUTHOR = {Kiehl, J. T. and V. Ramanathan},
6440     TITLE = {{$CO_2$ radiative parameterization used in climate models:
6441     Comparison with narrow band models and with
6442     laboratory data}},
6443     JOURNAL = jgr,
6444     VOLUME = {88},
6445     PAGES = {5191-5202},
6446     YEAR = {1983 }
6447     }
6448    
6449     @ARTICLE{Killworth1985,
6450     AUTHOR = {Killworth, P.D.},
6451     TITLE = {{A two-level wind and buoyancy driven thermocline model}},
6452     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6453     VOLUME = {15},
6454     PAGES = {1414-1432},
6455     YEAR = {1985 }
6456     }
6457    
6458     @ARTICLE{Kistler:etal2001,
6459     AUTHOR = {Kistler, R. and 12 others},
6460     TITLE = {{The NCEP-NCAR 50-year Reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation}},
6461     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
6462     VOLUME = {82},
6463     PAGES = {247-268},
6464     YEAR = {2001 }
6465     }
6466    
6467     @ARTICLE{Kleeman:Power1995,
6468     AUTHOR = {R. Kleeman and S. B. Power},
6469     TITLE = {{A simple atmospheric model of surface heat flux for
6470     use in ocean modeling studies}},
6471     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6472     YEAR = {1995},
6473     VOLUME = {25},
6474     PAGES = {92-105}
6475     }
6476    
6477     @ARTICLE{Klein:Hartmann1993,
6478     AUTHOR = {S. A. Klein and D. L. Hartmann},
6479     TITLE = {{The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds}},
6480     JOURNAL = jc,
6481     YEAR = {1993},
6482     VOLUME = {6},
6483     PAGES = {1587-1606}
6484     }
6485    
6486     @ARTICLE{Knutson:Manabe1995,
6487     AUTHOR = {T. R. Knutson and S. Manabe},
6488     TITLE = {{Time-mean response over the tropical Pacific to
6489     increased $CO_2$ in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
6490     JOURNAL = jc,
6491     YEAR = {1995},
6492     VOLUME = {8},
6493     PAGES = {2181-2199}
6494     }
6495    
6496     @ARTICLE{Knutson:etal1996,
6497     AUTHOR = {T. R. Knutson and S. Manabe and D. Gu},
6498     TITLE = {{Simulated ENSO in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere
6499     model: Multi-decadal amplitude modulation and
6500     $CO_2$ sensitivity}},
6501     JOURNAL = jc,
6502     NOTE = {in press},
6503     YEAR = {1996},
6504     VOLUME = {},
6505     PAGES = {}
6506     }
6507    
6508     @ARTICLE{Kloesel:Albrecht1989,
6509     AUTHOR = {K. A. Kloesel and B. A. Albrecht},
6510     TITLE = {{Low-level inversions over the tropical
6511     Pacific-thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer
6512     and the above inversion moisture structure}},
6513     JOURNAL = mwr,
6514     YEAR = {1989},
6515     VOLUME = {117},
6516     PAGES = {87-101}
6517     }
6518    
6519     @ARTICLE{Kousky:etal1984,
6520     AUTHOR = {V.E. Kousky and M.T. Kagano and I.F.A. Cavalcanti},
6521     TITLE = {{A review of the Southern Oscillation:
6522     oceanic-atmospheric circulation changes and related
6523     rainfall anomalies.}},
6524     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6525     YEAR = {1984},
6526     VOLUME = {36A},
6527     PAGES = {490-504}
6528     }
6529    
6530     @ARTICLE{Kraus:Turner1967,
6531     AUTHOR = {Kraus, E.B. and J.S. Turner},
6532     TITLE = {A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline.
6533     {II}: {The general theory and its consequences.}},
6534     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6535     YEAR = {1967},
6536     VOLUME = {19},
6537     OPTNUMBER = {},
6538     PAGES = {98-106},
6539     OPTMONTH = {},
6540     OPTNOTE = {}
6541     }
6542    
6543     @ARTICLE{Krishnamurti1971,
6544     AUTHOR = {Krishnamurti, T. N.},
6545     TITLE = {{Tropical east-west circulations during the northern summer}},
6546     JOURNAL = jas,
6547     YEAR = {1971},
6548     VOLUME = {28},
6549     OPTNUMBER = {},
6550     PAGES = {1342-1347},
6551     OPTMONTH = {},
6552     OPTNOTE = {}
6553     }
6554    
6555     @ARTICLE{Krishnamurti:etal1973,
6556     AUTHOR = {Krishnamurti, T. N. and M. Kanamitsu and W. J. Koss
6557     and J. D. Lee},
6558     TITLE = {{Tropical east-west circulations during the northern winter}},
6559     JOURNAL = jas,
6560     YEAR = {1973},
6561     VOLUME = {30},
6562     OPTNUMBER = {},
6563     PAGES = {780-787},
6564     OPTMONTH = {},
6565     OPTNOTE = {}
6566     }
6567    
6568     @ARTICLE{Kuo1965,
6569     AUTHOR = {H-L Kuo},
6570     TITLE = {On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones
6571     through latent heat release by cumulus convection},
6572     JOURNAL = jas,
6573     YEAR = {1965},
6574     OPTVOLUME = {22},
6575     OPTNUMBER = {},
6576     OPTPAGES = {40-63},
6577     OPTMONTH = {},
6578     OPTNOTE = {}
6579     }
6580    
6581     @ARTICLE{Kuo1974,
6582     AUTHOR = {H-L Kuo},
6583     TITLE = {Further studies of the influence of cumulus
6584     convection on large scale flow},
6585     JOURNAL = jas,
6586     YEAR = {1974},
6587     VOLUME = {31},
6588     OPTNUMBER = {},
6589     PAGES = {1232-1240},
6590     OPTMONTH = {},
6591     OPTNOTE = {}
6592     }
6593    
6594     @ARTICLE{Kushnir1991,
6595     AUTHOR = {Y. Kushnir},
6596     TITLE = {A simple method for the removal of the linear trend
6597     in equatorial {Pacific} wind stress field},
6598     JOURNAL = {submitted to TOGA {Notes}},
6599     YEAR = {1991},
6600     OPTVOLUME = {},
6601     OPTNUMBER = {},
6602     OPTPAGES = {},
6603     OPTMONTH = {},
6604     OPTNOTE = {}
6605     }
6606    
6607     @ARTICLE{Kushner:Held1998,
6608     AUTHOR = {Kushner, P. J. and I. M. Held},
6609     TITLE = {{A test, using atmospheric data, of a method for estimating
6610     oceanic eddy diffusivity}},
6611     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
6612     VOLUME = {25},
6613     PAGES = {4213-4216},
6614     YEAR = {1998}
6615     }
6616    
6617     @ARTICLE{Kushnir1994,
6618     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y},
6619     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variations in North Atlantic sea surface
6620     temperature and associated atmospheric conditions}},
6621     JOURNAL = jc,
6622     VOLUME = {7},
6623     PAGES = {141-157},
6624     YEAR = {1994}
6625     }
6626    
6627     @ARTICLE{Kushnir:Wallace1989,
6628     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y. and J.M. Wallace},
6629     TITLE = {{Low-frequency variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter: Geographical distribution and time-scale dependence}},
6630     JOURNAL = jas,
6631     VOLUME = {46},
6632     PAGES = {3122-3142},
6633     YEAR = {1989}
6634     }
6635    
6636     @ARTICLE{Kushnir:Held1996,
6637     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y. and I. M. Held},
6638     TITLE = {{Equilibrium response to North Atlantic SST anomalies}},
6639     JOURNAL = jc,
6640     VOLUME = {9},
6641     PAGES = {1208-1220},
6642     YEAR = {1996}
6643     }
6644    
6645     @ARTICLE{Kushnir:etal1997,
6646     AUTHOR = {Kushnir, Y. and V. J. Cardone and J. G. Greenwood and M. A. Cane},
6647     TITLE = {{On the recent increase in North Atlantic wave heights}},
6648     JOURNAL = jc,
6649     VOLUME = {},
6650     PAGES = {},
6651     YEAR = {1997},
6652     NOTE = {In press}
6653     }
6654    
6655     @TECHREPORT{Kushnir1996,
6656     AUTHOR = {Y. Kushnir},
6657     TITLE = {{ The pattern of Atlantic decadal ocean-atmosphere
6658     interaction: Link to global SST variability and climate over the
6659     continents}},
6660     INSTITUTION = {{The Atlantic Climate Change Program PI meeting, Woods Hole,
6661     NOAA/UCAR}},
6662     NUMBER = {76-81},
6663     YEAR = {1996}
6664     }
6665    
6666     @ARTICLE{Kutzbach:etal1977,
6667     AUTHOR = {Kutzbach, J.E. and R.M. Chervin and D.D. Houghton},
6668     TITLE = {{Response of the NCAR general circulation model to prescribed changes in ocean surface temperature. Part I: Mid-latitude changes}},
6669     JOURNAL = jas,
6670     VOLUME = {34},
6671     PAGES = {1200-1213},
6672     YEAR = {1977}
6673     }
6674    
6675     @ARTICLE{Lacarra:Talagrand1988,
6676     AUTHOR = {Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Lacarra and Olivier Talagrand},
6677     TITLE = {Short-range evolution of small perturbations in a
6678     barotropic model},
6679     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6680     YEAR = {1988},
6681     VOLUME = {40A},
6682     OPTNUMBER = {},
6683     PAGES = {81-95},
6684     OPTMONTH = {},
6685     OPTNOTE = {}
6686     }
6687    
6688     @ARTICLE{Lacis:Hansen1974,
6689     AUTHOR = {Lacis, A.A. and J.E. Hansen},
6690     TITLE = {{A parameterization for the absorption of solar radiation in
6691     the Earth's atmosphere}},
6692     JOURNAL = jas,
6693     VOLUME = {31},
6694     PAGES = {118-133},
6695     YEAR = {1974}
6696     }
6697    
6698     @INCOLLECTION{Lagos:Buizer1992,
6699     AUTHOR = {Lagos, P. and J. Buizer},
6700     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no and Peru: A nation's response to
6701     interannual climate variability}},
6702     BOOKTITLE = {{Natural and Technological Disasters: Cause, Effects
6703     and Preventive Measures.}},
6704     PUBLISHER = {The Pennsylvania Academy of Science},
6705     YEAR = 1992,
6706     EDITOR = {Makjumdar, S. K. and G. S. Forbes and E. W. Miller and
6707     R. F. Schmalz},
6708     PAGES = {223-238},
6709     ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, U.S.A.}
6710     }
6711    
6712     @ARTICLE{Lall:Moon1997,
6713     AUTHOR = {U. Lall and Y. Moon},
6714     TITLE = {Local Weighted Polynomial Regression :
6715     Parameter choice and application to forecasts of the {Great Salt Lake}},
6716     JOURNAL = {Water Resources Research},
6717     VOLUME = {},
6718     PAGES = {},
6719     NOTE = {submitted},
6720     YEAR = 1997
6721     }
6722    
6723     @ARTICLE{Lall:Sharma1996,
6724     AUTHOR = {U. Lall and A. Sharma},
6725     TITLE = {A Nearest Neighbor Bootstrap for Time Series Resampling},
6726     JOURNAL = {Water Resources Research},
6727     VOLUME = {32(3)},
6728     PAGES = {679-693},
6729     NOTE = {},
6730     YEAR = 1996
6731     }
6732    
6733     @ARTICLE{Lall:etal1997,
6734     AUTHOR = {U. Lall and K. Bosworth and A. Owosina},
6735     TITLE = {Local Polynomial Estimation of Spatial Surfaces},
6736     JOURNAL = {Computational Statistics},
6737     VOLUME = {},
6738     PAGES = {},
6739     NOTE = {in press},
6740     YEAR = 1997
6741     }
6742    
6743     @ARTICLE{Lamb1978a,
6744     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P.J.},
6745     TITLE = {{Large scale tropical Atlantic surface circulation patterns associated with Sub-Saharan weather anomalies}},
6746     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6747     VOLUME = {30},
6748     PAGES = {240-251},
6749     YEAR = {1978a}
6750     }
6751    
6752     @ARTICLE{Lamb1983,
6753     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P.J.},
6754     TITLE = {{West African water vapor variations between recent contrasting Subsaharan rainy seasons}},
6755     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
6756     VOLUME = {35A},
6757     PAGES = {198-212},
6758     YEAR = {1983}
6759     }
6760    
6761     @ARTICLE{Lamb1978b,
6762     AUTHOR = {P.J. Lamb},
6763     TITLE = {{Case studies of tropical Atlantic surface circulation
6764     patterns during recent Sub-Saharan weather anomalies:
6765     1967 and 1968.}},
6766     JOURNAL = mwr,
6767     YEAR = {1978b},
6768     VOLUME = {106},
6769     OPTNUMBER = {},
6770     PAGES = {482-491},
6771     OPTMONTH = {},
6772     OPTNOTE = {}
6773     }
6774    
6775     @INCOLLECTION{Lamb:Peppler1991,
6776     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P. J. and R. A. Peppler},
6777     TITLE = {{West Africa}},
6778     BOOKTITLE = {{In Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate
6779     Anomalies.}},
6780     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge U. Press},
6781     YEAR = 1991,
6782     EDITOR = {Glantz, M.H. and R.W. Katz and N. Nicholls},
6783     CHAPTER = 5,
6784     PAGES = {121-189},
6785     ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England}
6786     }
6787    
6788     @ARTICLE{Lamb:Peppler1992,
6789     AUTHOR = {P.J. Lamb and R. A. Peppler},
6790     TITLE = {{Further case studies of tropical Atlantic surface
6791     atmospheric and oceanic patterns associated with
6792     sub-Saharan drought}},
6793     JOURNAL = jc,
6794     YEAR = {1992},
6795     VOLUME = {5},
6796     OPTNUMBER = {},
6797     PAGES = {476-488},
6798     OPTMONTH = {},
6799     OPTNOTE = {}
6800     }
6801    
6802     @ARTICLE{Lamb:Peppler1987,
6803     AUTHOR = {P.J. Lamb and R. A. Peppler},
6804     TITLE = {{North Atlantic oscillation: Concept and an application}},
6805     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
6806     YEAR = {1987},
6807     VOLUME = {68},
6808     OPTNUMBER = {},
6809     PAGES = {1218-1225},
6810     OPTMONTH = {},
6811     OPTNOTE = {}
6812     }
6813    
6814     @ARTICLE{Lamb:etal1986,
6815     AUTHOR = {Lamb, P. J. and R. A. Peppler and S. Hastenrath},
6816     TITLE = {{Interannual variability in the tropical Atlantic}},
6817     JOURNAL = {Nature},
6818     VOLUME = 322,
6819     PAGES = {238-240},
6820     YEAR = 1986
6821     }
6822    
6823     @ARTICLE{Large:Pond1981,
6824     AUTHOR = {Large, W.G. and S. Pon},
6825     TITLE = {{Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds}},
6826     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6827     VOLUME = {11},
6828     PAGES = {324-336},
6829     YEAR = {1981}
6830     }
6831    
6832     @ARTICLE{Large:etal1986,
6833     AUTHOR = {Large, W.G. and J.C. McWilliams and P.P. Niiler},
6834     TITLE = {Upper ocean thermal response to strong autumnal
6835     forcing of the Northeast Pacific},
6836     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6837     YEAR = {1986},
6838     OPTVOLUME = {},
6839     OPTNUMBER = {},
6840     OPTPAGES = {1524-1550},
6841     OPTMONTH = {},
6842     OPTNOTE = {}
6843     }
6844    
6845     @ARTICLE{Larson:etal1999,
6846     AUTHOR = {Larson, K. and and D. L. Hartmann and S. A. Klein},
6847     TITLE = {The role of clouds, water vapor, circulation and boundary layer structure in the sensitivity of tropical climate},
6848     JOURNAL = jc,
6849     YEAR = {1999},
6850     OPTVOLUME = {},
6851     OPTNUMBER = {},
6852     OPTPAGES = {},
6853     OPTMONTH = {},
6854     OPTNOTE = {In press.}
6855     }
6856    
6857     @ARTICLE{Latif1987,
6858     AUTHOR = {Latif, M.},
6859     TITLE = {{Tropical ocean circulation experiments}},
6860     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
6861     VOLUME = {17},
6862     PAGES = {246-263},
6863     YEAR = {1987}
6864     }
6865    
6866     @ARTICLE{Latif:Barnett1994,
6867     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and T. P. Barnett},
6868     TITLE = {{Causes of decadal climate variability over the North
6869     Pacific/North American sector}},
6870     JOURNAL = {Science},
6871     VOLUME = {266},
6872     PAGES = {634-637},
6873     YEAR = {1994}
6874     }
6875    
6876     @ARTICLE{Latif:Barnett1996,
6877     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and T. P. Barnett},
6878     TITLE = {{Decadal climate variability over the North
6879     Pacific and North America: Dynamics and predictability}},
6880     JOURNAL = jc,
6881     VOLUME = {9},
6882     PAGES = {2407-2423},
6883     YEAR = {1996}
6884     }
6885    
6886     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1988,
6887     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and J. Biercamp and H. von Storch},
6888     TITLE = {{The response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to wind bursts}},
6889     JOURNAL = jas,
6890     VOLUME = {45},
6891     PAGES = {964-979},
6892     YEAR = {1988}
6893     }
6894    
6895     @INPROCEEDINGS{Latif:etal1988b,
6896     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and J. Biercamp and H. von Storch and F.W. Zwiers},
6897     TITLE = {A ten year climate simulation with a coupled
6898     ocean-atmosphere general circulation model.},
6899     BOOKTITLE = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"ur} Meteorologie, Report No. 21},
6900     PUBLISHER = {Bundesstrasse 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG},
6901     YEAR = {1988},
6902     OPTVOLUME = {},
6903     NUMBER = {21},
6904     OPTPAGES = {},
6905     OPTMONTH = {},
6906     OPTNOTE = {}
6907     }
6908    
6909     @TECHREPORT{Latif:etal1990,
6910     AUTHOR = {Mojib Latif and Moritz Fl{\"u}gel and Jin-Song Xu},
6911     TITLE = {An Investigation of Short Range Climate
6912     Predictability In the Tropical Pacific},
6913     INSTITUTION = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Meteorologie},
6914     YEAR = {1990},
6915     OPTTYPE = {},
6916     NUMBER = {52},
6917     PAGES = {39},
6918     OPTADDRESS = {},
6919     OPTMONTH = {},
6920     OPTNOTE = {}
6921     }
6922    
6923     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1991,
6924     AUTHOR = {Mojib Latif and Moritz Fl{\"u}gel and Jin-Song Xu},
6925     TITLE = {An investigation of short range climate
6926     predictability in the tropical {Pacific}},
6927     JOURNAL = jgr,
6928     YEAR = {1991},
6929     OPTVOLUME = {},
6930     OPTNUMBER = {},
6931     OPTPAGES = {},
6932     OPTMONTH = {},
6933     OPTNOTE = {}
6934     }
6935    
6936     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1994,
6937     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and T. P. Barnett and M. A. Cane and
6938     M. Fl{\"u}gel and N. E. Graham and H. von Storch and
6939     J.-S. Xu and S. E. Zebiak},
6940     TITLE = {{A review of ENSO prediction studies}},
6941     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
6942     YEAR = {1994},
6943     VOLUME = {9},
6944     OPTNUMBER = {},
6945     PAGES = {167-179},
6946     OPTMONTH = {},
6947     OPTNOTE = {}
6948     }
6949    
6950     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal1996,
6951     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and R. Kleeman and C. Eckert},
6952     TITLE = {{Greenhouse warming, decadal variability or El
6953     Ni\~no? An attempt to understand the anomalous 1990s}},
6954     JOURNAL = jc,
6955     YEAR = {1996},
6956     VOLUME = {},
6957     OPTNUMBER = {},
6958     PAGES = {},
6959     OPTMONTH = {},
6960     NOTE = {submitted}
6961     }
6962    
6963     @ARTICLE{Latif:etal2000,
6964     AUTHOR = {Latif, M. and E. Roeckner and U. Mikolajewicz and R. Voss},
6965     TITLE = {{Tropical stabilization of the thermohaline
6966     circulation in a greenhouse warming simulation}},
6967     JOURNAL = jc,
6968     YEAR = {2000},
6969     VOLUME = {13},
6970     OPTNUMBER = {},
6971     PAGES = {1809-1813},
6972     OPTMONTH = {},
6973     NOTE = {}
6974     }
6975    
6976     @ARTICLE{Lau:Peng1987,
6977     AUTHOR = {Lau, K-M. and L. Peng},
6978     TITLE = {Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations
6979     in the tropical atmosphere. Part I: Basic Theory},
6980     JOURNAL = jas,
6981     YEAR = {1987},
6982     VOLUME = {44},
6983     OPTNUMBER = {},
6984     PAGES = {950-972},
6985     OPTMONTH = {},
6986     OPTNOTE = {}
6987     }
6988    
6989     @ARTICLE{Lau1985,
6990     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C.},
6991     TITLE = {Modelling the seasonal dependence of the atmospheric
6992     response to observed {El Ni\~nos} in 1962-76.},
6993     JOURNAL = mwr,
6994     YEAR = {1985},
6995     VOLUME = {113},
6996     OPTNUMBER = {},
6997     PAGES = {1970-1996},
6998     OPTMONTH = {},
6999     OPTNOTE = {}
7000     }
7001    
7002     @ARTICLE{Lau:Lau1986,
7003     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C. and K-M. Lau},
7004     TITLE = {The structure and propagation of intraseasonal
7005     oscillations appearing in a {GFDL} general circulation model},
7006     JOURNAL = jas,
7007     YEAR = {1986},
7008     VOLUME = {43},
7009     OPTNUMBER = {},
7010     PAGES = {2023-2047},
7011     OPTMONTH = {},
7012     OPTNOTE = {}
7013     }
7014    
7015     @ARTICLE{Lau:etal1988,
7016     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and I. M. Held and J. D. Neelin},
7017     TITLE = {The {Madden-Julian} oscillation in an idealized general
7018     circulation model},
7019     JOURNAL = jas,
7020     YEAR = {1988},
7021     VOLUME = {45},
7022     OPTNUMBER = {},
7023     PAGES = {3810-3832},
7024     OPTMONTH = {},
7025     OPTNOTE = {}
7026     }
7027    
7028     @ARTICLE{Lau:Nath1990,
7029     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and M. J. Nath},
7030     TITLE = {{A general circulation model study of the atmospheric
7031     response to extratropical SST anomalies observed in 1950-1979}},
7032     JOURNAL = jc,
7033     VOLUME = {in press},
7034     YEAR = {1990}
7035     }
7036    
7037     @ARTICLE{Lau:Nath1994,
7038     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and M. J. Nath},
7039     TITLE = {{A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and
7040     extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of
7041     the global atmosphere-ocean system}},
7042     JOURNAL = jc,
7043     VOLUME = {7},
7044     PAGES = {1184-1207},
7045     YEAR = {1994}
7046     }
7047    
7048     @ARTICLE{Lau:Wallace1979,
7049     AUTHOR = {Lau, N.-C. and J. M. Wallace},
7050     TITLE = {{On the distribution of horizontal transports by transient
7051     eddies in the northern hemisphere wintertime circulation}},
7052     JOURNAL = jas,
7053     VOLUME = {36},
7054     PAGES = {1844-1861},
7055     YEAR = {1979}
7056     }
7057    
7058     @ARTICLE{Lau:etal1992,
7059     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C. and S. G. H. Philander and M. J. Nath},
7060     TITLE = {{Simulation of ENSO-like
7061     phenomena with a low-resolution coupled GCM of the
7062     global ocean and atmosphere}},
7063     JOURNAL = jc,
7064     VOLUME = {5},
7065     PAGES = {284-307},
7066     YEAR = {1992}
7067     }
7068    
7069     @ARTICLE{Lau1979,
7070     AUTHOR = {Lau, N-C.},
7071     TITLE = {The observed structure of tropospheric stationary waves and the local balances of vorticity and heat},
7072     JOURNAL = jas,
7073     YEAR = {1979},
7074     VOLUME = {36},
7075     OPTNUMBER = {},
7076     PAGES = {996-1016},
7077     OPTMONTH = {},
7078     OPTNOTE = {}
7079     }
7080    
7081     @ARTICLE{Lazier1980,
7082     AUTHOR = {Lazier, J. R.},
7083     TITLE = {{Oceanographic conditions at ocean weather ship Bravo, 1964-1974}},
7084     JOURNAL = {Atmos.-Ocean.},
7085     VOLUME = {18},
7086     PAGES = {227-238},
7087     YEAR = {1980}
7088     }
7089    
7090     @ARTICLE{Leetmaa:Ji1989,
7091     AUTHOR = {Leetmaa, A. and M. Ji},
7092     TITLE = {Operational hindcasting of the Tropical Pacific},
7093     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Ocean.},
7094     YEAR = {1989},
7095     VOLUME = {13},
7096     OPTNUMBER = {},
7097     PAGES = {465-490},
7098     OPTMONTH = {},
7099     OPTNOTE = {}
7100     }
7101    
7102     @ARTICLE{Legler:etal1989,
7103     AUTHOR = {D. M. Legler and I. M. Navon and J. J. O'Brien},
7104     TITLE = {{Objective analysis of pseudostress over the Indian Ocean Using direct-minimization approach}},
7105     JOURNAL = mwr,
7106     VOLUME = {117},
7107     PAGES = {709-720},
7108     YEAR = {1989}
7109     }
7110    
7111     @BOOK{Levitus1982,
7112     AUTHOR = {Levitus, S. E.},
7113     TITLE = {{Climatological atlas of the world ocean}},
7114     PAGES = {173},
7115     FICHE = {17},
7116     YEAR = {1982},
7117     PUBLISHER = {{NOAA Professional Paper 13, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC}}
7118     }
7119    
7120     @ARTICLE{Levitus1989,
7121     AUTHOR = {Levitus, S.},
7122     TITLE = {{Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity at intermediate depths of the North Atlantic ocean, 1970-1974 versus 1955-1959}},
7123     JOURNAL = jgr,
7124     VOLUME = {94},
7125     PAGES = {6091-6131},
7126     YEAR = {1989}
7127     }
7128    
7129     @ARTICLE{Li:Leighton1993,
7130     AUTHOR = {Z. Li and H. G. Leighton},
7131     TITLE = {{Global climatologies of the solar radiation budgets
7132     at the surface and in the atmosphere from 5 years of
7133     ERBE data}},
7134     JOURNAL = jgr,
7135     YEAR = {1993},
7136     VOLUME = {98},
7137     OPTNUMBER = {},
7138     PAGES = {4919-4930},
7139     OPTMONTH = {},
7140     OPTNOTE = {}
7141     }
7142    
7143     @ARTICLE{Li:etal1993b,
7144     AUTHOR = {Z. Li and H. G. Leighton and K. Masuda and T. Takashima},
7145     TITLE = {{Estimation of SW flux absorbed at the surface from
7146     TOA reflected flux}},
7147     JOURNAL = jc,
7148     YEAR = {1993b},
7149     VOLUME = {6},
7150     OPTNUMBER = {},
7151     PAGES = {317-330},
7152     OPTMONTH = {},
7153     OPTNOTE = {}
7154     }
7155    
7156     @ARTICLE{Li:etal1993a,
7157     AUTHOR = {Z. Li and H. G. Leighton and R. D. Cess},
7158     TITLE = {{Surface net solar radiation estimated from satellite
7159     measurements: Comparison with tower observations}},
7160     JOURNAL = jc,
7161     YEAR = {1993a},
7162     VOLUME = {6},
7163     OPTNUMBER = {},
7164     PAGES = {1764-1772},
7165     OPTMONTH = {},
7166     OPTNOTE = {}
7167     }
7168    
7169     @ARTICLE{Li1995,
7170     AUTHOR = {Z. Li},
7171     TITLE = {{Quality analysis of the global solar SRB data:
7172     Intercomparisons between two satellite-based products}},
7173     JOURNAL = jgr,
7174     YEAR = {1995},
7175     VOLUME = {100},
7176     OPTNUMBER = {},
7177     PAGES = {3221-3232},
7178     OPTMONTH = {},
7179     OPTNOTE = {}
7180     }
7181    
7182     @ARTICLE{Lighthill1969,
7183     AUTHOR = {Lighthill, M. J.},
7184     TITLE = {{Dynamic response of the Indian Ocean to the onset of
7185     the southwest monsoon}},
7186     JOURNAL = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A. 265},
7187     YEAR = {1969},
7188     OPTVOLUME = {},
7189     OPTNUMBER = {},
7190     PAGES = {45-92},
7191     OPTMONTH = {},
7192     OPTNOTE = {}
7193     }
7194    
7195     @ARTICLE{Lilly1968,
7196     AUTHOR = {Lilly, D. K.},
7197     TITLE = {{Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion}},
7198     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
7199     VOLUME = {94},
7200     PAGES = {292-309},
7201     YEAR = {1968}
7202     }
7203    
7204     @ARTICLE{Lilly:Schubert1980,
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7206     TITLE = {{The effects of radiative cooling in a cloud-topped mixed layer}},
7207     JOURNAL = jas,
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7210     YEAR = {1980}
7211     }
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7213     @ARTICLE{Lin:Johnson1996,
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7216     warm pool during TOGA COARE}},
7217     JOURNAL = jas,
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7221     NOTE = {Submitted}
7222     }
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7225     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S.},
7226     TITLE = {{Mathematical Problems in the Geophysical Sciences}},
7227     CHAPTER = {Atmospheric Tides},
7228     PUBLISHER = {American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I.},
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7230     OPTEDITOR = {},
7231     OPTPAGES = {},
7232     OPTVOLUME = {},
7233     OPTSERIES = {},
7234     OPTADDRESS = {},
7235     OPTEDITION = {},
7236     OPTMONTH = {},
7237     OPTNOTE = {}
7238     }
7239    
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7241     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S. and S. Nigam},
7242     TITLE = {{On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing
7243     low-level winds and convergence in the tropics}},
7244     JOURNAL = jas,
7245     VOLUME = {45},
7246     PAGES = {2440-2458},
7247     YEAR = {1987}
7248     }
7249    
7250     @ARTICLE{Lindzen1990,
7251     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S.},
7252     TITLE = {{Some coolness concerning global warming}},
7253     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
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7256     YEAR = {1990}
7257     }
7258    
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7260     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S.},
7261     TITLE = {{Climate dynamics and global change}},
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7264     PAGES = {353-278},
7265     YEAR = {1993}
7266     }
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7269     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S. and A. Y. Hou},
7270     TITLE = {{Hadley circulation for zonally averaged heating centered
7271     off the Equator}},
7272     JOURNAL = jas,
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7274     PAGES = {2417-2427},
7275     YEAR = {1988}
7276     }
7277    
7278     @ARTICLE{Lindzen:Pan1994,
7279     AUTHOR = {Lindzen, R. S. and W. Pan},
7280     TITLE = {{A note on orbital control of equator-pole heat fluxes}},
7281     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
7282     VOLUME = {10},
7283     PAGES = {49-57},
7284     YEAR = {1994}
7285     }
7286    
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7288     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu},
7289     TITLE = {Statistical relation between monthly mean
7290     precipitable water and surface-level humidity over
7291     global oceans},
7292     JOURNAL = mwr,
7293     YEAR = 1986,
7294     VOLUME = 114,
7295     PAGES = {1591-1602}
7296     }
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7298     @ARTICLE{Liu1988,
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7300     TITLE = {Moisture and latent heat flux variabilities in the
7301     tropical {Pacific} derived from satellite data},
7302     JOURNAL = jgr,
7303     YEAR = 1988,
7304     VOLUME = 93,
7305     PAGES = {6749-6760+ plates on 6965-6968}
7306     }
7307    
7308     @ARTICLE{Liu:Niiler1984,
7309     AUTHOR = {W.T. Liu and Peter P. Niiler},
7310     TITLE = {Determination of monthly mean humidity in the
7311     atmospheric surface layer over oceans from satellite
7312     data},
7313     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7314     YEAR = 1984,
7315     VOLUME = 14,
7316     PAGES = {1451-1457}
7317     }
7318    
7319     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1979,
7320     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu and K. B. Katsaros and J. A. Businger},
7321     TITLE = {{Bulk parameterization of air-sea exchange of heat
7322     and water vapor including molecular constraints at
7323     the interface}},
7324     JOURNAL = jas,
7325     YEAR = {1979},
7326     VOLUME = {36},
7327     PAGES = {1722-1735}
7328     }
7329    
7330     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1991,
7331     AUTHOR = {W. T. Liu and W. Tang and P.P. Niiler},
7332     TITLE = {Humidity profiles over the ocean},
7333     JOURNAL = jc,
7334     YEAR = 1991,
7335     VOLUME = 4,
7336     PAGES = {1023-1034}
7337     }
7338    
7339     @ARTICLE{Liu:etal1994,
7340     AUTHOR = {Z. Liu and S. G. H. Philander and R. C. Pacanowski},
7341     TITLE = {{A GCM study of tropical-subtropical upper-ocean water exchange}},
7342     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7343     YEAR = 1994,
7344     VOLUME = 24,
7345     PAGES = {2606-2623}
7346     }
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7350     Anderson},
7351     TITLE = {{Monsoon impact on El Ni\~no in the Early Holocene}},
7352     JOURNAL = {PAGES Newsletter},
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7355     PAGES = {16-17}
7356     }
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7359     AUTHOR = {M. S. Longuet-Higgins},
7360     TITLE = {The eigenfunctions of Laplace's tidal equations on a sphere},
7361     JOURNAL = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London},
7362     YEAR = {1968},
7363     VOLUME = {A262},
7364     PAGES = {511-607}
7365     }
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7368     AUTHOR = {E. Lorenz},
7369     TITLE = {A N-cycle time-differencing scheme for stepwise
7370     numerical integration},
7371     JOURNAL = mwr,
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7373     VOLUME = 99,
7374     PAGES = {644-648}
7375     }
7376    
7377     @BOOK{lo67,
7378     AUTHOR = {Lorenz, Edward N.},
7379     TITLE = {{Nature and Theory of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere}},
7380     YEAR = {1967},
7381     PUBLISHER = {{World Meteorological Organization, Geneva}},
7382     PAGES = {161}
7383     }
7384    
7385     @ARTICLE{Lough1986,
7386     AUTHOR = {Lough, J. M.},
7387     TITLE = {{Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature and rainfall variations in Subsaharan Africa}},
7388     JOURNAL = mwr,
7389     VOLUME = {114},
7390     PAGES = {561-570},
7391     YEAR = {1986}
7392     }
7393    
7394     @ARTICLE{Louis1979,
7395     AUTHOR = {Louis, J.-F.},
7396     TITLE = {{Parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere}},
7397     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer. Meteor.},
7398     VOLUME = {17},
7399     PAGES = {187-202},
7400     YEAR = {1979}
7401     }
7402    
7403     @ARTICLE{Lowell:etal1995,
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7405     P. I. Marino and A. Hauser and L. E. Heusser and
7406     C. Schluchter D. R. Marchant and G. H. Denton },
7407     TITLE = {{Interhemispheric correlation of late Pleistocene glacial events}},
7408     JOURNAL = {Science},
7409     VOLUME = {269},
7410     PAGES = {1541-1549},
7411     YEAR = {1995}
7412     }
7413    
7414     @ARTICLE{Lu:McCreary1995,
7415     AUTHOR = {P. Lu and J. P. McCreary},
7416     TITLE = {{Influence of the ITCZ on the flow of thermocline water from
7417     the subtropical to the equatorial ocean}},
7418     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7419     VOLUME = {25},
7420     PAGES = {3076-3088},
7421     YEAR = {1995}
7422     }
7423    
7424     @ARTICLE{Lukas1988,
7425     AUTHOR = {Lukas, R.},
7426     TITLE = {{Interannual fluctuations of the Mindanao current inferred from sea level}},
7427     JOURNAL = jgr,
7428     VOLUME = {93},
7429     PAGES = {6744-6748},
7430     YEAR = {1988}
7431     }
7432    
7433     @ARTICLE{Luksch:VonStorch1992,
7434     AUTHOR = {Ute Luksch and Hans von Storch},
7435     TITLE = {{Modeling the low-frequency sea surface temperature
7436     variability in the North Pacific}},
7437     JOURNAL = jc,
7438     YEAR = {1992},
7439     VOLUME = {5},
7440     PAGES = {893-906}
7441     }
7442    
7443     @ARTICLE{Luksch1996,
7444     AUTHOR = {Ute Luksch},
7445     TITLE = {{Simulation of North Atlantic low-frequency SST variability}},
7446     JOURNAL = jc,
7447     YEAR = {1996},
7448     VOLUME = {9},
7449     PAGES = {2083-2092}
7450     }
7451    
7452     @ARTICLE{Lynch1990a,
7453     AUTHOR = {Thomas F. Lynch},
7454     TITLE = {Glacial-Age Man in {South America}? A Critical Review},
7455     JOURNAL = {American Antiquity},
7456     YEAR = 1990,
7457     VOLUME = 55,
7458     NUMBER = 1,
7459     PAGES = {12-36}
7460     }
7461    
7462     @ARTICLE{Lynch1990b,
7463     AUTHOR = {Thomas F. Lynch},
7464     TITLE = {Quaternary Climate, Environment, and the Human
7465     Occupation of the {South-Central Andes}},
7466     JOURNAL = {Geoarchaeology},
7467     YEAR = 1990,
7468     VOLUME = 5,
7469     NUMBER = 3,
7470     PAGES = {199-228}
7471     }
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7473     @ARTICLE{Ma:etal1996,
7474     AUTHOR = {Ma, C.-C. and C. R. Mechoso and A. W. Robertson and A. Arakawa},
7475     TITLE = {{Peruvian stratus clouds and the tropical Pacific
7476     circulation: A coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM study}},
7477     JOURNAL = jc,
7478     VOLUME = {9},
7479     PAGES = {1635-1645},
7480     YEAR = {1996}
7481     }
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7483     @ARTICLE{Mahrt1972,
7484     AUTHOR = {Mahrt, L. J.},
7485     TITLE = {{A numerical study of the influence of advective
7486     accelerations in an idealized, low-latitude,
7487     planetary boundary layer}},
7488     JOURNAL = jas,
7489     VOLUME = {29},
7490     PAGES = {1477-1484},
7491     YEAR = {1972}
7492     }
7493    
7494     @INCOLLECTION{Malkus1962,
7495     AUTHOR = {J. S. Malkus},
7496     TITLE = {{Chap. 4}},
7497     EDITOR = {M.N. Hill},
7498     BOOKTITLE = {{The Sea: Ideas and Observations on Progress in the study of the Seas, 1: Physical Oceanography}},
7499     PAGES = {88-294},
7500     YEAR = {1962},
7501     PUBLISHER = {Wiley, Interscience, New York}
7502     }
7503    
7504     @ARTICLE{Manabe1969,
7505     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S.},
7506     TITLE = {{The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the
7507     earth's surface}},
7508     JOURNAL = mwr,
7509     VOLUME = {97},
7510     PAGES = {739-774},
7511     YEAR = {1969}
7512     }
7513    
7514     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Stouffer1988,
7515     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer},
7516     TITLE = {{Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
7517     JOURNAL = jc,
7518     VOLUME = {1},
7519     PAGES = {841-866},
7520     YEAR = {1988}
7521     }
7522    
7523     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Stouffer1993,
7524     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer},
7525     TITLE = {{Century-scale effects of increased atmospheric $CO_2$ on the
7526     ocean atmosphere system}},
7527     JOURNAL = {Nature},
7528     VOLUME = {364},
7529     PAGES = {215-218},
7530     YEAR = {1993}
7531     }
7532    
7533     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Stouffer1994,
7534     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.J. Stouffer},
7535     TITLE = {{Multiple-century response of a coupled
7536     ocean-atmosphere model to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide}},
7537     JOURNAL = jc,
7538     VOLUME = {7},
7539     PAGES = {5-23},
7540     YEAR = {1994}
7541     }
7542    
7543     @ARTICLE{Manabe:Wetherald,
7544     AUTHOR = {Manabe, S. and R.T. Wetherald},
7545     TITLE = {{Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model}},
7546     JOURNAL = jas,
7547     YEAR = {}
7548     }
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7552     J. M. Wallace and R. C. Francis},
7553     TITLE = {{A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with
7554     impacts on salmon production}},
7555     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
7556     YEAR = {1997},
7557     VOLUME = {78},
7558     OPTNUMBER = {},
7559     PAGES = {1069-1079},
7560     OPTMONTH = {},
7561     OPTNOTE = {}
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7563    
7564     @ARTICLE{Markham:McLain1977,
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7566     TITLE = {{Sea surface temperature related to rain in Ceara,
7567     North-eastern Brazil.}},
7568     JOURNAL = {Nature},
7569     YEAR = {1977},
7570     VOLUME = {265},
7571     OPTNUMBER = {},
7572     PAGES = {320-323},
7573     OPTMONTH = {},
7574     OPTNOTE = {}
7575     }
7576    
7577     @ARTICLE{Marotzke:Willebrand1991,
7578     AUTHOR = {Marotzke, J. and J. Willebrand},
7579     TITLE = {Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation},
7580     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7581     YEAR = {1991},
7582     VOLUME = {21},
7583     NUMBER = {},
7584     PAGES = {1372-1385},
7585     OPTMONTH = {},
7586     OPTNOTE = {}
7587     }
7588    
7589     @ARTICLE{Marshall1995,
7590     AUTHOR = {Marshall, D.},
7591     TITLE = {{Topographic steering of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current}},
7592     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7593     YEAR = {1995},
7594     VOLUME = {25},
7595     NUMBER = {},
7596     PAGES = {1636-1650},
7597     OPTMONTH = {},
7598     OPTNOTE = {}
7599     }
7600    
7601     @ARTICLE{Martin1985,
7602     AUTHOR = {Martin, P.J.},
7603     TITLE = {Simulation of the mixed layer at {OWS November and
7604     Papa} with several models.},
7605     JOURNAL = jgr,
7606     YEAR = {1985},
7607     VOLUME = {90},
7608     NUMBER = {C1},
7609     PAGES = {903-916},
7610     OPTMONTH = {},
7611     OPTNOTE = {}
7612     }
7613    
7614     @ARTICLE{Martin1986,
7615     AUTHOR = {Martin, P.J.},
7616     TITLE = {Testing and comparison of several mixed-layer models.},
7617     JOURNAL = {{Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity Tech Rep}},
7618     YEAR = {1986},
7619     OPTVOLUME = {},
7620     OPTNUMBER = {},
7621     PAGES = {143},
7622     OPTMONTH = {},
7623     OPTNOTE = {}
7624     }
7625    
7626     @BOOK{Martin:Thompson1983,
7627     AUTHOR = {Martin, C.W. and C.W. Thompson},
7628     TITLE = {{Adaptive grids generated by elliptic systems}},
7629     YEAR = {1983},
7630     PUBLISHER = {{AIAA Paper No. 83-0451}}
7631     }
7632    
7633     @ARTICLE{McCalpin1987,
7634     AUTHOR = {McCalpin, J.D.},
7635     TITLE = {{A note on the reflection of low frequency equatorial Rossby waves from realistic western boundaries}},
7636     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7637     VOLUME = {17},
7638     PAGES = {1944-1949},
7639     YEAR = {1987}
7640     }
7641    
7642     @ARTICLE{McCartney:etal1997,
7643     AUTHOR = {McCartney, M. S. and R. G. Curry and H. F. Bezdek},
7644     TITLE = {{North Atlantic's transformation pipeline chills and
7645     redistributes subtropical water}},
7646     JOURNAL = {Oceanus},
7647     VOLUME = {39},
7648     PAGES = {19-23},
7649     YEAR = {1997}
7650     }
7651    
7652     @ARTICLE{McCreary1981,
7653     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J.P.},
7654     TITLE = {{A linear stratified ocean model of the equatorial undercurrent}},
7655     JOURNAL = {Philosophical Transac. of the Royal Society, London},
7656     VOLUME = {A298},
7657     PAGES = {603-635},
7658     YEAR = {1981}
7659     }
7660    
7661     @ARTICLE{McCreary1983,
7662     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J. P.},
7663     TITLE = {{A model of tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction}},
7664     JOURNAL = mwr,
7665     VOLUME = {111},
7666     PAGES = {370-387},
7667     YEAR = {1983}
7668     }
7669    
7670     @ARTICLE{McCreary1985,
7671     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J. P.},
7672     TITLE = {Modeling equatorial ocean circulation.},
7673     JOURNAL = {Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.},
7674     YEAR = {1985},
7675     VOLUME = {17},
7676     OPTNUMBER = {},
7677     PAGES = {359-409},
7678     OPTMONTH = {},
7679     OPTNOTE = {}
7680     }
7681    
7682     @ARTICLE{McCreary:Anderson1991,
7683     AUTHOR = {McCreary, J. P. and D. L. T. Anderson},
7684     TITLE = {An overview of coupled ocean-atmosphere models of {El
7685     Ni\~no} and the {Southern Oscillation}.},
7686     JOURNAL = {J. Geophy. Res.},
7687     YEAR = {1991},
7688     VOLUME = {96},
7689     OPTNUMBER = {},
7690     PAGES = {3125-3150},
7691     OPTMONTH = {},
7692     OPTNOTE = {}
7693     }
7694    
7695     @ARTICLE{McCreary:etal1984,
7696     AUTHOR = {J.P. McCreary and J. Picaut and D.W. Moore},
7697     TITLE = {{Effects of remote annual forcing in the eastern
7698     tropical Atlantic Ocean.}},
7699     JOURNAL = jmr,
7700     YEAR = {1984},
7701     VOLUME = {42},
7702     OPTNUMBER = {},
7703     PAGES = {45-81},
7704     OPTMONTH = {},
7705     OPTNOTE = {}
7706     }
7707    
7708     @ARTICLE{McDougall1987N,
7709     AUTHOR = {Trevor J. McDougall},
7710     TITLE = {Neutral Surfaces},
7711     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7712     YEAR = {1987},
7713     VOLUME = {17},
7714     OPTNUMBER = {},
7715     PAGES = {1950-1964},
7716     KEYWORDS = {neutral surfaces},
7717     OPTMONTH = {},
7718     OPTNOTE = {}
7719     }
7720    
7721     @ARTICLE{McDougall1987V,
7722     AUTHOR = {Trevor J. McDougall},
7723     TITLE = {The Vertical Motion of Submesoscale Coherent Vortices
7724     across Neutral Surfaces},
7725     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7726     YEAR = {1987},
7727     VOLUME = {17},
7728     OPTNUMBER = {},
7729     PAGES = {2334-2342},
7730     KEYWORDS = {neutral surfaces, eddies},
7731     OPTMONTH = {},
7732     OPTNOTE = {}
7733     }
7734    
7735     @ARTICLE{McFarlane:etal1992,
7736     AUTHOR = {McFarlane, N. A. and G. J. Boer and J.-P. Blanchet and M. Lazare},
7737     TITLE = {{The Canadian Climate Centre second-generation general
7738     circulation model and its equilibrium climate}},
7739     JOURNAL = jc,
7740     VOLUME = {5},
7741     PAGES = {1013-1044},
7742     YEAR = {1992}
7743     }
7744    
7745     @ARTICLE{McPhaden1980,
7746     AUTHOR = {McPhaden, M.J.},
7747     TITLE = {{Continuously stratified models of the steady--state equatorial ocean}},
7748     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7749     VOLUME = {11},
7750     PAGES = {337-354},
7751     YEAR = {1981}
7752     }
7753    
7754     @ARTICLE{Machado:Rossow1993,
7755     AUTHOR = {Machado, L. A. T. and W. B. Rossow},
7756     TITLE = {{Structural characteristics and radiative properties of
7757     tropical cloud clusters}},
7758     JOURNAL = mwr,
7759     VOLUME = {121},
7760     PAGES = {3234-3260},
7761     YEAR = {1993}
7762     }
7763    
7764     @INPROCEEDINGS{Mechoso:etal1990,
7765     AUTHOR = {Mechoso, C. R. and M. Fisher and M. Ghil and M.
7766     Halpern and M. Spahr},
7767     TITLE = {{Coupling experiments of an atmospheric and an oceanic CGM}},
7768     BOOKTITLE = {{International TOGA Scientific Conference
7769     Proceedings,
7770     Technical Document No.
7771     379, WCRP-43.}},
7772     PUBLISHER = {World Climate Research Programme, Geneva},
7773     ORGANIZATION = {World
7774     Meteorological Organization},
7775     YEAR = {1990},
7776     OPTEDITOR = {},
7777     OPTCHAPTER = {},
7778     OPTPAGES = {},
7779     OPTADDRESS = {},
7780     OPTMONTH = {},
7781     OPTNOTE = {}
7782     }
7783    
7784     @ARTICLE{Mechoso:etal1995,
7785     AUTHOR = {{Mechoso, C. R. and A. W. Robertson and 18 others}},
7786     TITLE = {{The seasonal cycle over the tropical Pacific in
7787     coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models}},
7788     JOURNAL = mwr,
7789     YEAR = {1995},
7790     VOLUME = {123},
7791     OPTNUMBER = {},
7792     PAGES = {2825-2838},
7793     OPTMONTH = {},
7794     OPTNOTE = {}
7795     }
7796    
7797     @ARTICLE{Meehl1989,
7798     AUTHOR = {G.A. Meehl},
7799     TITLE = {The coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling problem in the
7800     tropical {Pacific} and {Asian} monsoon region.},
7801     JOURNAL = jc,
7802     YEAR = {1989},
7803     VOLUME = {2},
7804     OPTNUMBER = {},
7805     PAGES = {1146-1163},
7806     OPTMONTH = {},
7807     OPTNOTE = {}
7808     }
7809    
7810     @ARTICLE{Meehl1990a,
7811     AUTHOR = {Meehl, G.A.},
7812     TITLE = {{Seasonal cycle forcing of {El Ni\~no}-{Southern
7813     Oscillation} in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM.}},
7814     JOURNAL = jc,
7815     YEAR = {1990},
7816     VOLUME = {3},
7817     OPTNUMBER = {},
7818     PAGES = {72-98},
7819     OPTMONTH = {},
7820     OPTNOTE = {}
7821     }
7822    
7823     @ARTICLE{Meehl1990b,
7824     AUTHOR = {Meehl, G.A.},
7825     TITLE = {Development of global coupled ocean-atmosphere
7826     general circulation models.},
7827     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
7828     YEAR = {1990},
7829     VOLUME = {5},
7830     OPTNUMBER = {},
7831     PAGES = {19-33},
7832     OPTMONTH = {},
7833     OPTNOTE = {}
7834     }
7835    
7836     @ARTICLE{Meehl:vanLoon1979,
7837     AUTHOR = {Meehl, G.A. and H. van Loon},
7838     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and
7839     northern Europe. Part III:Teleconnections with lower
7840     latitudes.}},
7841     JOURNAL = {Mon. Wea. Rev. },
7842     VOLUME = {107},
7843     PAGES = {1095-1106},
7844     YEAR = {1979}
7845     }
7846    
7847     @ARTICLE{Meehl:Washington1986,
7848     AUTHOR = {G.A. Meehl and W. M. Washington},
7849     TITLE = {{Tropical response to increased $CO_2$ in a GCM with a
7850     simple mixed layer ocean: Similarities to an
7851     observed Pacific warm event.}},
7852     JOURNAL = mwr,
7853     YEAR = {1986},
7854     VOLUME = {114},
7855     OPTNUMBER = {},
7856     PAGES = {667-674},
7857     OPTMONTH = {},
7858     OPTNOTE = {}
7859     }
7860    
7861     @ARTICLE{Mehta:Delworth1995,
7862     AUTHOR = {V. M. Mehta and T. Delworth},
7863     TITLE = {{Decadal variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean
7864     surface temperature in shipboard measurements and in
7865     a global ocean-atmosphere model}},
7866     JOURNAL = jc,
7867     YEAR = {1995},
7868     VOLUME = {8},
7869     OPTNUMBER = {},
7870     PAGES = {172-190},
7871     OPTMONTH = {},
7872     OPTNOTE = {}
7873     }
7874    
7875     @ARTICLE{Mehta1998,
7876     AUTHOR = {V. M. Mehta},
7877     TITLE = {{Variability of the tropical ocean surface
7878     temperatures at decadal-multidecadal timescales,
7879     Part I: Atlantic Ocean.}},
7880     JOURNAL = jc,
7881     YEAR = {1998},
7882     VOLUME = {11},
7883     OPTNUMBER = {},
7884     PAGES = {2351-2375},
7885     OPTMONTH = {},
7886     OPTNOTE = {}
7887     }
7888    
7889     @ARTICLE{Mellor:Yamada1982,
7890     AUTHOR = {Mellor, G.L. and T. Yamada},
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7892     geophysical fluid problems.},
7893     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
7894     YEAR = {1982},
7895     VOLUME = {20},
7896     NUMBER = {4},
7897     PAGES = {851-875},
7898     OPTMONTH = {},
7899     OPTNOTE = {}
7900     }
7901    
7902     @BOOK{Menke1984,
7903     AUTHOR = {Menke, W.},
7904     TITLE = {{Geophysical data analysis: Discrete inverse theory}},
7905     YEAR = {1984},
7906     PUBLISHER = {{Academic Press}}
7907     }
7908    
7909     @ARTICLE{Mikolajewicz:etal1997,
7910     AUTHOR = {Mikolajewicz, U. and T. J. Crowley and A. Schiller and R. Voss},
7911     TITLE = {{Modelling teleconnections between the North Atlantic and
7912     North Pacific during the Younger Dryas}},
7913     JOURNAL = {Nature},
7914     VOLUME = {387},
7915     PAGES = {384-387},
7916     YEAR = {1997}
7917     }
7918    
7919     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:etal1998,
7920     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and D. R. Cayan and W. B. White},
7921     TITLE = {{A westward-intensified decadal change in the North Pacific
7922     thermocline and gyre-scale circulation}},
7923     JOURNAL = jc,
7924     VOLUME = {11},
7925     PAGES = {3112-3127},
7926     YEAR = {1998}
7927     }
7928    
7929     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:etal1992,
7930     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and J. F. Oberhuber and N. E. Graham and T.
7931     P. Barnett},
7932     TITLE = {{Tropical Pacific ocean response to observed winds in a
7933     layered general circulation model}},
7934     JOURNAL = jgr,
7935     VOLUME = {97},
7936     PAGES = {7317-7340},
7937     YEAR = {1992}
7938     }
7939    
7940     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:etal1994,
7941     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and D. R. Cayan and T. P. Barnett and N. E. Graham and J. M. Oberhuber},
7942     TITLE = {{Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: Model
7943     response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies}},
7944     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
7945     VOLUME = {9},
7946     PAGES = {287-302},
7947     YEAR = {1994}
7948     }
7949    
7950     @ARTICLE{AJMiller:Schneider2001,
7951     AUTHOR = {Miller, A. J. and N. Schneider},
7952     TITLE = {{Interdecadal climate regime dynamics in the North Pacific
7953     Ocean: Theories, observations and ecosystem impacts}},
7954     JOURNAL = {Prog. Oceanogr.},
7955     VOLUME = {},
7956     PAGES = {},
7957     NOTE = {submitted},
7958     YEAR = {2001}
7959     }
7960    
7961     @ARTICLE{MJMiller:etal1992,
7962     AUTHOR = {Miller, M. J. and A. C. M. Beljaars and T. N. Palmer},
7963     TITLE = {{The sensitivity of the ECMWF model to the parameterization
7964     of evaporation from the tropical oceans}},
7965     JOURNAL = jc,
7966     VOLUME = {5},
7967     PAGES = {418-434},
7968     YEAR = {1992}
7969     }
7970    
7971     @ARTICLE{Miller1997,
7972     AUTHOR = {{Miller, R. L.}},
7973     TITLE = {{Tropical thermostats and low cloud cover}},
7974     JOURNAL = jc,
7975     VOLUME = {10},
7976     PAGES = {409-440},
7977     NOTE = {},
7978     YEAR = {1997}
7979     }
7980    
7981     @ARTICLE{Miller1990,
7982     AUTHOR = {{Miller, R.N.}},
7983     TITLE = {{Tropical Data Assimilation Experiments With Simulated Data:
7984     The Impact of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere
7985     Thermal Array for the Ocean}},
7986     JOURNAL = jgr,
7987     VOLUME = {95},
7988     PAGES = {11,461-11,482},
7989     YEAR = {1990}
7990     }
7991    
7992     @ARTICLE{Miller:Cane1989,
7993     AUTHOR = {Miller, R.N. and Mark A. Cane},
7994     TITLE = {{A Kalman filter analysis of sea level heights in the Tropical Pacific}},
7995     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
7996     VOLUME = {19},
7997     PAGES = {773-790},
7998     YEAR = {1989}
7999     }
8000    
8001     @ARTICLE{Mitchell:etal1995,
8002     AUTHOR = {J. F. B. Mitchell and R. A. Davis and W. J. Ingram and
8003     C. A. Senior},
8004     TITLE = {{On surface temperature, greenhouse gases, and aerosols:
8005     Models and observations}},
8006     JOURNAL = jc,
8007     VOLUME = {8},
8008     PAGES = {2364-2386},
8009     YEAR = {1995}
8010     }
8011    
8012     @ARTICLE{Molinari:etal1996,
8013     AUTHOR = {R. L. Molinari and D. Mayer and J. Festa and H. Bezdek},
8014     TITLE = {{Multi-year variability in the near surface temperature
8015     structure of the midlatitude western North Atlantic Ocean}},
8016     JOURNAL = jgr,
8017     VOLUME = {102},
8018     PAGES = {3267-3278},
8019     YEAR = {1996}
8020     }
8021    
8022     @ARTICLE{Mooley:Paolino1988,
8023     AUTHOR = {Mooley, D. A. and D. A. Paolino},
8024     TITLE = {{A predictive signal in the surface level thermal
8025     field over India}},
8026     JOURNAL = mwr,
8027     YEAR = {1988},
8028     VOLUME = {116},
8029     OPTNUMBER = {},
8030     PAGES = {256-264},
8031     OPTMONTH = {},
8032     OPTNOTE = {}
8033     }
8034    
8035     @BOOK{Moore1968,
8036     AUTHOR = {Moore, D.W.},
8037     TITLE = {{Planetary-gravity waves in an equatorial ocean}},
8038     YEAR = {1968},
8039     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University}}
8040     }
8041    
8042     @INBOOK{Moore:Philander1976,
8043     AUTHOR = {Moore, D.W. and S.G.H. Philander},
8044     TITLE = {The Sea},
8045     CHAPTER = {Modeling of the tropical oceanic circulation},
8046     PUBLISHER = {Interscience, New York},
8047     YEAR = {1976},
8048     OPTEDITOR = {},
8049     OPTPAGES = {},
8050     VOLUME = {6},
8051     OPTSERIES = {},
8052     OPTADDRESS = {},
8053     OPTEDITION = {},
8054     OPTMONTH = {},
8055     OPTNOTE = {}
8056     }
8057    
8058     @ARTICLE{Moorthi:etal1995,
8059     AUTHOR = {Moorthi, S. and R. W. Higgins and J. R. Bates},
8060     TITLE = {{A global multilevel atmospheric model using a vector
8061     semi-Lagrangian finite-difference scheme. Part II:
8062     Version with physics}},
8063     JOURNAL = mwr,
8064     VOLUME = {123},
8065     PAGES = {1523-1541},
8066     YEAR = {1995}
8067     }
8068    
8069     @ARTICLE{Morcrette1990,
8070     AUTHOR = {Morcrette, J.-J.},
8071     TITLE = {{Impact of changes to the radiation transfer
8072     parameterizations plus cloud optical properties in
8073     the ECMWF model}},
8074     JOURNAL = mwr,
8075     VOLUME = {118},
8076     PAGES = {847-873},
8077     YEAR = {1990}
8078     }
8079    
8080     @ARTICLE{Moses:etal1987,
8081     AUTHOR = {Moses, T. and G.N. Kiladis And H.F. Diaz and R.G. Barry},
8082     TITLE = {{Characteristics and frequency of reversals in mean sea level pressure in the North Atlantic sector and their relationship to long-term temperature trends}},
8083     JOURNAL = {J. Climatology},
8084     VOLUME = {7},
8085     PAGES = {13-30},
8086     YEAR = {1987}
8087     }
8088    
8089     @ARTICLE{Moura1976,
8090     AUTHOR = {Moura, A.},
8091     TITLE = {{The eigensolution of linearized balance equations on
8092     a sphere}},
8093     JOURNAL = jas,
8094     YEAR = {1976},
8095     VOLUME = {33},
8096     OPTNUMBER = {},
8097     PAGES = {877-907},
8098     OPTMONTH = {},
8099     OPTNOTE = {}
8100     }
8101    
8102     @ARTICLE{Moura:Shukla1981,
8103     AUTHOR = {Moura, A. D. and J. Shukla},
8104     TITLE = {{On the dynamics of droughts in northeast Brazil: observations, theory, and numerical experiments with a general circulation model}},
8105     JOURNAL = jas,
8106     VOLUME = {38},
8107     PAGES = {2653-2675},
8108     YEAR = {1981}
8109     }
8110    
8111     @TECHREPORT{Moura:etal1992,
8112     AUTHOR = {{Moura, A. D. and 13 other authors}},
8113     TITLE = {{International Research Institute for Climate
8114     Prediction: A Proposal}},
8115     INSTITUTION = {{NOAA Office of Global Programs, Silver Spring, MD, 51pp}},
8116     YEAR = {1992},
8117     NUMBER = {},
8118     PAGES = {51},
8119     OPTMONTH = {},
8120     OPTNOTE = {}
8121     }
8122    
8123     @ARTICLE{Muller:Frankignoul1981,
8124     AUTHOR = {M{\"u}ller, P. and C. Frankignoul},
8125     TITLE = {{Direct atmospheric forcing of geostrophic eddies}},
8126     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8127     VOLUME = {11},
8128     PAGES = {287-308},
8129     YEAR = {1981}
8130     }
8131    
8132     @ARTICLE{Munk:Anderson1948,
8133     AUTHOR = {Munk, W.H. and J. A. Anderson},
8134     TITLE = {Notes on a theory of the thermocline},
8135     JOURNAL = jmr,
8136     YEAR = {1948},
8137     VOLUME = {7},
8138     OPTNUMBER = {},
8139     PAGES = {276-295},
8140     OPTMONTH = {},
8141     OPTNOTE = {}
8142     }
8143    
8144     @ARTICLE{Munnich:etal1991,
8145     AUTHOR = {M{\"u}nnich, M. and M. A. Cane and S. E. Zebiak},
8146     TITLE = {{A study of self-excited oscillations of the
8147     tropical ocean atmosphere system. Part II: Nonlinear cases}.},
8148     JOURNAL = jas,
8149     YEAR = {1991},
8150     VOLUME = {48},
8151     PAGES = {1238-1248},
8152     OPTNUMBER = {},
8153     OPTPAGES = {},
8154     OPTMONTH = {},
8155     OPTNOTE = {}
8156     }
8157    
8158     @ARTICLE{Murray:Arief1988,
8159     AUTHOR = {Murray, S.P. and D. Arief},
8160     TITLE = {{Throughflow into the Indian Ocean through the Lombok strait, January 1985 - January 1986}},
8161     JOURNAL = {Nature},
8162     VOLUME = {333},
8163     PAGES = {444-447},
8164     YEAR = {1988}
8165     }
8166    
8167     @ARTICLE{Murtugudde:etal1995a,
8168     AUTHOR = {Murtugudde, R. and M. A. Cane and V. Prasad},
8169     TITLE = {{A reduced gravity, primitive equation, isopycnal ocean
8170     GCM. Part I: Formulation}.},
8171     JOURNAL = mwr,
8172     YEAR = {1995},
8173     VOLUME = {123},
8174     PAGES = {2864-2887},
8175     OPTNUMBER = {},
8176     OPTPAGES = {},
8177     OPTMONTH = {},
8178     OPTNOTE = {}
8179     }
8180    
8181     @ARTICLE{Murtugudde:etal1996,
8182     AUTHOR = {Murtugudde, R. and R. Seager and A. J. Busalacchi},
8183     TITLE = {{Simulation of the tropical oceans with an ocean GCM
8184     coupled to an atmospheric mixed layer model}.},
8185     JOURNAL = jc,
8186     YEAR = {1996},
8187     VOLUME = {9},
8188     PAGES = {1795-1815},
8189     OPTNUMBER = {},
8190     OPTPAGES = {},
8191     OPTMONTH = {},
8192     OPTNOTE = {}
8193     }
8194    
8195     @ARTICLE{Naik:Visbeck1997,
8196     AUTHOR = {N. Naik and M. Visbeck},
8197     TITLE = {{Lamont Ocean-AML Model (LOAM) documentation}},
8198     VOLUME = {},
8199     YEAR = 1997,
8200     JOURNAL = {in preparation}
8201     }
8202    
8203     @ARTICLE{Nakamura:etal1997,
8204     AUTHOR = {Nakamura, H. and G. Lin and T. Yamagata},
8205     TITLE = {{Decadal climate variability in the North Pacific during the
8206     recent decades}},
8207     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
8208     VOLUME = {78},
8209     PAGES = {2215-2225},
8210     YEAR = {1997}
8211     }
8212    
8213     @ARTICLE{Namias1972,
8214     AUTHOR = {Namias, J.},
8215     TITLE = {{Experiments in objectively predicting some atmospheric and
8216     oceanic variables for the winter of 1971-1972}},
8217     JOURNAL = {J. Appl. Meteor.},
8218     VOLUME = {11},
8219     PAGES = {1164-1174},
8220     YEAR = {1972}
8221     }
8222    
8223     @ARTICLE{Namias1980,
8224     AUTHOR = {Namias, J.},
8225     TITLE = {{Causes of some extreme Northern Hemisphere climatic anomalies from summer 1978 through the subsequent winter}},
8226     JOURNAL = mwr,
8227     VOLUME = {108},
8228     PAGES = {1334-1346},
8229     YEAR = {1980}
8230     }
8231    
8232     @ARTICLE{Namias:Cayan1981,
8233     AUTHOR = {Namias, J. and D.R. Cayan},
8234     TITLE = {{Large-scale air-sea interactions and short-period climatic fluctuations}},
8235     JOURNAL = {Science},
8236     VOLUME = {214},
8237     PAGES = {869-876},
8238     YEAR = {1981}
8239     }
8240    
8241     @ARTICLE{Neelin1988,
8242     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8243     TITLE = {{A simple model for surface stress and low-level flow in the tropical atmosphere driven by prescribed heating}},
8244     JOURNAL = {Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.},
8245     VOLUME = {46},
8246     PAGES = {747-770},
8247     YEAR = {1988}
8248     }
8249    
8250     @ARTICLE{Neelin1989a,
8251     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8252     TITLE = {{On the interpretation of the Gill model}},
8253     JOURNAL = jas,
8254     VOLUME = {46},
8255     PAGES = {2466-2468},
8256     YEAR = {1989}
8257     }
8258    
8259     @ARTICLE{Neelin1989b,
8260     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8261     TITLE = {Interannual oscillations in an ocean general
8262     circulation model coupled to a simple atmosphere model.},
8263     JOURNAL = {Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond},
8264     YEAR = {1989},
8265     VOLUME = {329A},
8266     OPTNUMBER = {},
8267     PAGES = {189-205},
8268     OPTMONTH = {},
8269     OPTNOTE = {}
8270     }
8271    
8272     @ARTICLE{Neelin1990,
8273     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8274     TITLE = {A hybrid coupled general circulation model for {El
8275     Ni\~no} studies.},
8276     JOURNAL = jas,
8277     YEAR = {1990},
8278     VOLUME = {47},
8279     OPTNUMBER = {},
8280     PAGES = {674-693},
8281     OPTMONTH = {},
8282     OPTNOTE = {}
8283     }
8284    
8285     @ARTICLE{Neelin1991,
8286     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D.},
8287     TITLE = {The slow sea surface temperature mode and the
8288     fast-wave limit: {Analytic} theory for tropical
8289     interannual oscillations and experiments in a hybrid
8290     coupled model.},
8291     JOURNAL = jas,
8292     YEAR = {1991},
8293     VOLUME = {48},
8294     OPTNUMBER = {},
8295     PAGES = {584-606},
8296     OPTMONTH = {},
8297     OPTNOTE = {}
8298     }
8299    
8300     @ARTICLE{Neelin:etal1987,
8301     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and I. M. Held and K. H. Cook},
8302     TITLE = {Evaporation-wind feedback and low-frequency
8303     variability in the tropical atmosphere},
8304     JOURNAL = jas,
8305     YEAR = {1987},
8306     VOLUME = {44},
8307     OPTNUMBER = {},
8308     PAGES = {2341-2348},
8309     OPTMONTH = {},
8310     OPTNOTE = {}
8311     }
8312    
8313     @UNPUBLISHED{Neelin:etal1992,
8314     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and M. Latif and M.A.F. Allaart and M.A.
8315     Cane and U.Cubasch and W.L. Gates and P.R. Gent and
8316     M. Ghil and C. Gordon and N.C. Lau and G.A. Meehl and
8317     C.R. Mechoso and J.M. Oberhuber and S.G.H. Philander
8318     and P.S. Schopf and K.R. Sperber and A. Sterl and T.
8319     Tokioka and J. Tribbia and S.E. Zebiak},
8320     TITLE = {Tropical air-sea interaction in general circulation models.},
8321     JOURNAL = {Climate Dyn.},
8322     YEAR = {1992},
8323     VOLUME = {7},
8324     PAGES = {73-104},
8325     OPTMONTH = {},
8326     OPTNOTE = {}
8327     }
8328    
8329     @ARTICLE{Neelin:Yu1993,
8330     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and J-Y Yu},
8331     TITLE = {{Modes of tropical variability under convective
8332     adjustment and the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Part
8333     I: Analytical Theory}},
8334     JOURNAL = jas,
8335     YEAR = {1993},
8336     VOLUME = {},
8337     OPTNUMBER = {},
8338     PAGES = {in press},
8339     OPTMONTH = {},
8340     OPTNOTE = {}
8341     }
8342    
8343     @ARTICLE{Neelin:Weng1999,
8344     AUTHOR = {Neelin, J. D. and W. Weng},
8345     TITLE = {{Analytical prototypes for ocean-atmosphere
8346     interaction at midlatitudes. Part I: Coupled
8347     feedbacks as a sea surface temperature dependent
8348     stochastic process}},
8349     JOURNAL = jc,
8350     YEAR = {1999},
8351     VOLUME = {12},
8352     OPTNUMBER = {},
8353     PAGES = {697-721},
8354     OPTMONTH = {},
8355     OPTNOTE = {}
8356     }
8357    
8358     @ARTICLE{Nelkin:Cane1989,
8359     AUTHOR = {Nelkin, H. and Mark A. Cane},
8360     TITLE = {{An isentropic model for the thermohaline circulation}},
8361     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8362     YEAR = {1989}
8363     }
8364    
8365     @ARTICLE{Neumann1969,
8366     AUTHOR = {Neumann, G.},
8367     TITLE = {{Seasonal salinity variations in the upper strata of the western tropical Atlantic ocean-I. Sea surface salinities}},
8368     JOURNAL = {Deep-Sea Res.},
8369     VOLUME = {16Suppl},
8370     PAGES = {165-177},
8371     YEAR = {1969}
8372     }
8373    
8374     @INCOLLECTION{Neumann1972,
8375     AUTHOR = {Neumann, G.},
8376     TITLE = {{Precipitation, evaporation and monthly salinity variations in the inner Gulf of Guinea near the equator.}},
8377     EDITOR = {A.L. Gordon},
8378     BOOKTITLE = {Studies in Physical Oceanography},
8379     PAGES = {1, 19-48},
8380     YEAR = {1972},
8381     PUBLISHER = {Gordon and Breach Science, New York, NY}
8382     }
8383    
8384     @BOOK{Newell:etal1974,
8385     AUTHOR = {Newell, R. E. and J. W. Kidson and D. G. Vincent and
8386     G. J. Boer and J. R. Holton and J. M. Wallace and
8387     T. G. Dopplick and A. C. Kyle},
8388     TITLE = {{The general circulation of the tropical atmosphere and
8389     interactions with extratropical latitudes}},
8390     PAGES = {371},
8391     FICHE = {},
8392     YEAR = {1974},
8393     PUBLISHER = {{MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 371pp}}
8394     }
8395    
8396     @ARTICLE{Nials:etal1979,
8397     AUTHOR = {Fred L. Nials and Eric E. Deeds and Michael E.
8398     Moseley and Shelia G. Pozorski and Thomas G. Pozorski
8399     and Robert Feldman},
8400     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no}: THe Catastrophic Flooding of Coastal Peru},
8401     JOURNAL = {Field Museaum of Natural History bulletin},
8402     YEAR = 1979,
8403     VOLUME = 50,
8404     NUMBER = 7,
8405     PAGES = {4-14},
8406     KEYWORDS = {El Ni\~ no, ancient, climate}
8407     }
8408    
8409     @ARTICLE{Nicholls:LeMone1980,
8410     AUTHOR = {{Nicholls, S. and M. A. LeMone}},
8411     TITLE = {{The fair weather boundary layer in GATE: The relationship
8412     of subcloud fluxes and structure to the distribution
8413     and enhancement of cumulus clouds}},
8414     JOURNAL = jas,
8415     VOLUME = {37},
8416     PAGES = {2051-2067},
8417     YEAR = {1980}
8418     }
8419    
8420     @ARTICLE{Nigam:etal1986,
8421     AUTHOR = {{Nigam. S. and I. M. Held and S. W. Lyons}},
8422     TITLE = {{Linear simulation of the stationary eddies in a general
8423     circulation model. Part I: The no-mountain model}},
8424     JOURNAL = jas,
8425     VOLUME = {43},
8426     PAGES = {2944-2961},
8427     YEAR = {1986}
8428     }
8429    
8430     @ARTICLE{Nigam:etal1988,
8431     AUTHOR = {{Nigam. S. and I. M. Held and S. W. Lyons}},
8432     TITLE = {{Linear simulation of the stationary eddies in a general
8433     circulation model. Part II: The mountain model}},
8434     JOURNAL = jas,
8435     VOLUME = {45},
8436     PAGES = {1433-1452},
8437     YEAR = {1988}
8438     }
8439    
8440     @INCOLLECTION{Niiler:Kraus1977,
8441     AUTHOR = {Niiler, P.P. and E.B. Kraus},
8442     TITLE = {One-dimensional models of the upper ocean.},
8443     BOOKTITLE = {Modelling and prediction of the upper layers of the ocean.},
8444     PUBLISHER = {Pergammon Press},
8445     YEAR = {1977},
8446     EDITOR = {E.B. Kraus},
8447     OPTVOLUME = {},
8448     PAGES = {143-172},
8449     OPTADDRESS = {},
8450     OPTEDITION = {},
8451     OPTMONTH = {},
8452     OPTNOTE = {}
8453     }
8454    
8455     @ARTICLE{Nobre:Shukla1996,
8456     AUTHOR = {C. Nobre and J. Shukla},
8457     TITLE = {{Variations of sea surface temperature, wind stress, and
8458     rainfall over the tropical Atlantic and South America}},
8459     JOURNAL = jc,
8460     VOLUME = {9},
8461     OPTNOTE = {},
8462     PAGES = {2464-2479},
8463     YEAR = {1996}
8464     }
8465    
8466     @ARTICLE{Norris1998a,
8467     AUTHOR = {J. R. Norris},
8468     TITLE = {{Low cloud structure over the ocean from surface
8469     observations, Part I: Relationship to advection and
8470     the vertical distribution of temperature and moisture}},
8471     JOURNAL = jc,
8472     VOLUME = {11},
8473     OPTNOTE = {},
8474     PAGES = {369-382},
8475     YEAR = {1998}
8476     }
8477    
8478     @ARTICLE{Norris1998b,
8479     AUTHOR = {J. R. Norris},
8480     TITLE = {{Low cloud structure over the ocean from surface
8481     observations, Part II: geographical and seasonal variations}},
8482     JOURNAL = jc,
8483     VOLUME = {11},
8484     OPTNOTE = {},
8485     PAGES = {383-403},
8486     YEAR = {1998}
8487     }
8488    
8489     @ARTICLE{Norris:etal1998,
8490     AUTHOR = {J. R. Norris and Y. Zhang and J. M. Wallace},
8491     TITLE = {{Role of low clouds in summertime atmosphere-ocean
8492     interactions over the North Pacific}},
8493     JOURNAL = jc,
8494     VOLUME = {11},
8495     OPTNOTE = {},
8496     PAGES = {2482-2490},
8497     YEAR = {1998}
8498     }
8499    
8500     @INCOLLECTION{Oberhuber1986,
8501     AUTHOR = {Oberhuber, J.M.},
8502     TITLE = {{About some numerical methods used in an ocean general circulation model with isopycnic coordinates.}},
8503     EDITOR = {James J. O'Brien},
8504     BOOKTITLE = {{Advanced Physical Oceanographic Numerical Modeling}},
8505     PAGES = {511-522},
8506     YEAR = {1986},
8507     PUBLISHER = {D. Reidel Publishing Company}
8508     }
8509    
8510     @TECHREPORT{Oberhuber1988,
8511     AUTHOR = {Oberhuber, J. M.},
8512     TITLE = {{An atlas based on the COADS dataset: The budgets of
8513     heat, buoyancy and turbulent kinetic energy at the
8514     surface of the global ocean}},
8515     INSTITUTION = {{Max Planck Institut f\"{u}r Meteorologie, Hamburg,
8516     Germany, 199pp.}},
8517     YEAR = {1988},
8518     NUMBER = {15},
8519     PAGES = {},
8520     OPTMONTH = {},
8521     OPTNOTE = {}
8522     }
8523    
8524     @ARTICLE{Oberhuber1993,
8525     AUTHOR = {J.M. Oberhuber},
8526     TITLE = {{Simulation of the Atlantic circulation with a coupled sea
8527     ice mixed layer isopycnal general ciculation
8528     model. I: Model description.}},
8529     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8530     VOLUME = {23},
8531     PAGES = {808-829},
8532     YEAR = {1993}
8533     }
8534    
8535     @ARTICLE{Olbers:etal1985,
8536     AUTHOR = {Olbers, D.J. and M. Wenzel and J. Willebrand},
8537     TITLE = {{The inference of North Atlantic circulation patterns from climatological hydrographic data}},
8538     JOURNAL = {Rev. Geophys.},
8539     VOLUME = {23},
8540     PAGES = {313-356},
8541     YEAR = {1985}
8542     }
8543    
8544     @BOOK{Oort1983,
8545     AUTHOR = {Oort, A.H.},
8546     TITLE = {{Global atmospheric circulation statistics, 1958-1973}},
8547     PAGES = {180},
8548     FICHE = {47},
8549     YEAR = {1983},
8550     PUBLISHER = {{NOAA 14}}
8551     }
8552    
8553     @INPROCEEDINGS{Oort1993,
8554     AUTHOR = {Oort, A. H.},
8555     TITLE = {{Observed humidity trends in the atmosphere}},
8556     BOOKTITLE = {Seventeenth Annual Climate
8557     Diagnostics Workshop},
8558     YEAR = 1993,
8559     EDITOR = {},
8560     PAGES = {24-30},
8561     PUBLISHER = {National Ocenic and Atmsopheric Administration}
8562     }
8563    
8564     @ARTICLE{OttoBliesner1999,
8565     AUTHOR = {B.L. Otto-Bliesner},
8566     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no/La Ni\~na and Sahel precipitation
8567     during the middle Holocene}},
8568     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letts.},
8569     VOLUME = {26},
8570     PAGES = {87-90},
8571     YEAR = {1999}
8572     }
8573    
8574     @ARTICLE{Overland:etal1983,
8575     AUTHOR = {J. E. Overland and R. M. Reynolds and C. H. Pease},
8576     TITLE = {A model of the atmospheric boundary layer over the
8577     marginal ice zone},
8578     JOURNAL = jgr,
8579     YEAR = {1983},
8580     VOLUME = {88},
8581     OPTNUMBER = {},
8582     PAGES = {2836-2840},
8583     OPTMONTH = {},
8584     OPTNOTE = {}
8585     }
8586    
8587     @ARTICLE{Overland:Guest1991,
8588     AUTHOR = {J. E. Overland and P. S. Guest},
8589     TITLE = {{The Arctic snow and air temperature budget over sea
8590     ice during winter}},
8591     JOURNAL = jgr,
8592     YEAR = {1991},
8593     VOLUME = {96},
8594     OPTNUMBER = {},
8595     PAGES = {4651-4662},
8596     OPTMONTH = {},
8597     OPTNOTE = {}
8598     }
8599    
8600     @ARTICLE{Pacanowski:Philander1981,
8601     AUTHOR = {Pacanowski, R.C. and S.G.H. Philander},
8602     TITLE = {Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical
8603     models of tropical oceans},
8604     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Ocean.},
8605     YEAR = {1981},
8606     VOLUME = {11},
8607     OPTNUMBER = {},
8608     PAGES = {1443-1451},
8609     OPTMONTH = {},
8610     OPTNOTE = {}
8611     }
8612    
8613     @ARTICLE{Palmer1986,
8614     AUTHOR = {Palmer, T. N.},
8615     TITLE = {{Influence of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans on Sahel rainfall}},
8616     JOURNAL = {Nature},
8617     VOLUME = {322},
8618     PAGES = {251-253},
8619     YEAR = {1986}
8620     }
8621    
8622     @ARTICLE{Palmer1995,
8623     AUTHOR = {Palmer, T. N.},
8624     TITLE = {{The influence of north-west Atlantic sea surface
8625     temperature: An unplanned experiment}},
8626     JOURNAL = {Weather},
8627     VOLUME = {50},
8628     PAGES = {413-419},
8629     YEAR = {1995}
8630     }
8631    
8632     @ARTICLE{Palmer:Sun1985,
8633     AUTHOR = {Palmer, T.N. and Z. Sun},
8634     TITLE = {{A modeling and observational study of the relationship between sea surface temperatures in the north west Atlantic and the atmospheric general circulation}},
8635     JOURNAL = {Q. J. R. Met. Soc.},
8636     VOLUME = {111},
8637     PAGES = {947-975},
8638     YEAR = {1985}
8639     }
8640    
8641     @ARTICLE{Palmer:etal1992,
8642     AUTHOR = {{Palmer, T. N., \v{C}. Brankovi\'{c}, P. Viterbo and M.
8643     J. Miller}},
8644     TITLE = {{Modeling interannual variations of summer monsoons}},
8645     JOURNAL = jc,
8646     VOLUME = {5},
8647     PAGES = {399-417},
8648     YEAR = {1992}
8649     }
8650    
8651     @ARTICLE{Pan:Oort1983,
8652     AUTHOR = {Pan, Y. H. and Oort, A. H.},
8653     TITLE = {Global climate variations connected with sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial {P}acific {O}cean for the 1958-73 period},
8654     JOURNAL = mwr,
8655     VOLUME = {111},
8656     PAGES = {1244--1258},
8657     YEAR = {1983},
8658     NOTE = {}
8659     }
8660    
8661     @ARTICLE{Parsons1969,
8662     AUTHOR = {Parsons, A. T.},
8663     TITLE = {{A two-layer model of Gulf Stream separation}},
8664     JOURNAL = {J. Fluid Mech.},
8665     VOLUME = {39},
8666     PAGES = {511-528},
8667     YEAR = {1969}
8668     }
8669    
8670     @ARTICLE{Payne1984,
8671     AUTHOR = {Payne, R.E.},
8672     TITLE = {{Surface wind observations in SEQUAL I}},
8673     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
8674     VOLUME = {11},
8675     PAGES = {719-721},
8676     YEAR = {1984}
8677     }
8678    
8679     @ARTICLE{Pazan:etal1986,
8680     AUTHOR = {Pazan, S.E. and W.B. White And M. Inoue and J.J. O'Brien},
8681     TITLE = {{Off equatorial influence upon Pacific equatorial dynamic height variability during the 1982-1983 - El Ni\~no/Southern oscillation event}},
8682     JOURNAL = jgr,
8683     VOLUME = {91},
8684     PAGES = {8437-8449},
8685     YEAR = {1986}
8686     }
8687    
8688     @ARTICLE{Peng:etal1995,
8689     AUTHOR = {Peng, S. and L. A. Mysak and H. Ritchie and J. Derome and
8690     B. Dugas},
8691     TITLE = {{The difference between early and middle winter atmospheric
8692     response to sea surface temperature anomalies in the
8693     northwest Atlantic}},
8694     JOURNAL = jc,
8695     VOLUME = {8},
8696     PAGES = {137-157},
8697     YEAR = {1995}
8698     }
8699    
8700     @ARTICLE{Peng:Whitaker1999,
8701     AUTHOR = {Peng, S. and J. S. Whitaker},
8702     TITLE = {{Mechanisms determining the atmospheric response to mid-latitude SST anomalies}},
8703     JOURNAL = jc,
8704     VOLUME = {12},
8705     PAGES = {1393-1408},
8706     YEAR = {1999}
8707     }
8708    
8709     @ARTICLE{Pearce:etal2000,
8710     AUTHOR = {D. W. Pierce and T. P. Barnett and M. Latif},
8711     TITLE = {{Connections between the Pacific Ocean tropics and
8712     midlatitudes on decadal timescales}},
8713     JOURNAL = jc,
8714     VOLUME = {13},
8715     PAGES = {1173-1194},
8716     YEAR = {2000}
8717     }
8718    
8719     @BOOK{Peixoto:Oort1992,
8720     AUTHOR = {Peixoto, J. P. and A. H. Oort},
8721     TITLE = {{Physics of Climate}.},
8722     PUBLISHER = {American Institute of Physics},
8723     YEAR = {1992},
8724     OPTEDITOR = {},
8725     OPTVOLUME = {},
8726     OPTSERIES = {},
8727     ADDRESS = {New York, 520pp},
8728     OPTEDITION = {},
8729     OPTMONTH = {},
8730     PAGES = {520},
8731     OPTNOTE = {}
8732     }
8733    
8734     @BOOK{Philander1990,
8735     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H.},
8736     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no, La Ni\~na}, and the {Southern Oscillation}.},
8737     PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
8738     YEAR = {1990},
8739     OPTEDITOR = {},
8740     OPTVOLUME = {},
8741     OPTSERIES = {},
8742     ADDRESS = {San Diego},
8743     OPTEDITION = {},
8744     OPTMONTH = {},
8745     PAGES = {293},
8746     OPTNOTE = {}
8747     }
8748    
8749     @ARTICLE{Peters:etal1988,
8750     AUTHOR = {Peters, H. and M.C. Gregg and J.M. Toole},
8751     TITLE = {On the parameterization of equatorial turbulence},
8752     JOURNAL = jgr,
8753     YEAR = {1988},
8754     VOLUME = {93},
8755     OPTNUMBER = {},
8756     PAGES = {1199-1218},
8757     OPTMONTH = {},
8758     OPTNOTE = {}
8759     }
8760    
8761     @ARTICLE{Philander1986,
8762     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H.},
8763     TITLE = {{Unusual conditions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1984}},
8764     JOURNAL = {Nature},
8765     VOLUME = {322},
8766     PAGES = {236-238},
8767     YEAR = {1986}
8768     }
8769    
8770     @BOOK{Peixoto:Oort1993,
8771     AUTHOR = {J. P. Peixoto and A. H. Oort},
8772     TITLE = {Physics of climate},
8773     PUBLISHER = {{American Institue of Physics}},
8774     YEAR = {1993},
8775     OPTEDITOR = {},
8776     OPTVOLUME = {},
8777     OPTSERIES = {},
8778     ADDRESS = {New York},
8779     OPTEDITION = {},
8780     OPTMONTH = {},
8781     PAGES = {520},
8782     OPTNOTE = {}
8783     }
8784    
8785     @INCOLLECTION{Philander:Siegel1985,
8786     AUTHOR = {S. G. H. Philander and A. D. Siegel},
8787     TITLE = {{Simulation of the El Ni\~no of 1982-1983}},
8788     EDITOR = {J. C. J. Nihoul},
8789     BOOKTITLE = {{Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models}},
8790     PAGES = {517-541},
8791     YEAR = {1985},
8792     PUBLISHER = {Elsevier, New York}
8793     }
8794    
8795     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1984,
8796     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and T. Yamagata and R.C. Pacanowski},
8797     TITLE = {Unstable air-sea interactions in the tropics.},
8798     JOURNAL = jas,
8799     YEAR = {1984},
8800     VOLUME = {41},
8801     OPTNUMBER = {},
8802     PAGES = {604-613},
8803     OPTMONTH = {},
8804     OPTNOTE = {}
8805     }
8806    
8807     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1987,
8808     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and W.J. Hurlin and A.D. Siegel},
8809     TITLE = {Simulation of the seasonal cycle of the tropical
8810     {Pacific} ocean.},
8811     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
8812     YEAR = {1987},
8813     VOLUME = {17},
8814     OPTNUMBER = {},
8815     PAGES = {1986-2002},
8816     OPTMONTH = {},
8817     OPTNOTE = {}
8818     }
8819    
8820     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1992,
8821     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and R.C. Pacanowski and N.C. Lau
8822     and M.J. Nath},
8823     TITLE = {{A simulation of ENSO with a
8824     global atmospheric GCM coupled to a
8825     high-resolution, tropical Pacific Ocean GCM}},
8826     JOURNAL = jc,
8827     YEAR = {1992},
8828     VOLUME = {5},
8829     OPTNUMBER = {},
8830     OPTPAGES = {308-329},
8831     OPTMONTH = {},
8832     OPTNOTE = {}
8833     }
8834    
8835     @ARTICLE{Philander:etal1996,
8836     AUTHOR = {Philander, S.G.H. and D. Gu and D. Halpern and
8837     N.C. Lau and T. Li and R.C. Pacanowski},
8838     TITLE = {{Why the ITCZ is mostly north of the equator}},
8839     JOURNAL = jc,
8840     YEAR = {1996},
8841     VOLUME = {9},
8842     OPTNUMBER = {},
8843     OPTPAGES = {},
8844     OPTMONTH = {},
8845     OPTNOTE = {}
8846     }
8847    
8848     @ARTICLE{Picaut:etal1985,
8849     AUTHOR = {Picaut, J. and J. Servain And P. Lecomte And M. Seva And S. Lukas and G. Rougier},
8850     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic Ocean wind stress and sea surface temperature 1964-1979}},
8851     JOURNAL = {Universite de Bretagne Occidentale - Hawaii},
8852     PAGES = {467},
8853     YEAR = {1985}
8854     }
8855    
8856     @ARTICLE{Pierce:etal2000,
8857     AUTHOR = {D. W. Pierce and T. P. Barnett and M. Latif},
8858     TITLE = {{Connections between the Pacific Ocean tropics and
8859     midlatitudes on decadal timescales}},
8860     JOURNAL = jc,
8861     YEAR = {2000},
8862     VOLUME = {13},
8863     NUMBER = {},
8864     PAGES = {1173-1194}
8865     }
8866    
8867     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert1995,
8868     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8869     TITLE = {Thermostats, radiator fins, and the runaway greenhouse},
8870     JOURNAL = jas,
8871     YEAR = {1995},
8872     VOLUME = {52},
8873     NUMBER = {},
8874     PAGES = {1784-1806}
8875     }
8876    
8877     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert1999a,
8878     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8879     TITLE = {{Huascaran $\delta^{18}O$ as an indicator of tropical
8880     climate during the Last Glacial Maximum}},
8881     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
8882     YEAR = {1999},
8883     VOLUME = {26},
8884     NUMBER = {},
8885     PAGES = {1345-1348}
8886     }
8887    
8888     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert1998,
8889     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8890     TITLE = {{Lateral mixing as a source of subtropical water vapor}},
8891     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
8892     YEAR = {1998},
8893     VOLUME = {25},
8894     NUMBER = {},
8895     PAGES = {151-154}
8896     }
8897    
8898     @ARTICLE{Pierrehumbert:Roca1998,
8899     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert and R. Roca},
8900     TITLE = {{Evidence for control of Atlantic subtropical humidity by large scale advection}},
8901     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
8902     YEAR = {1998},
8903     VOLUME = {25},
8904     NUMBER = {},
8905     PAGES = {4537-4540}
8906     }
8907    
8908     @INCOLLECTION{Pierrehumbert1999b,
8909     AUTHOR = {R. T. Pierrehumbert},
8910     TITLE = {{Subtropical water vapor as a mediator of rapid global climate change}},
8911     EDITOR = {{Peter U. Clark and Robert S. Webb and Lloyd D. Keigwin}},
8912     BOOKTITLE = {{Mechanisms of global climate change at millenial
8913     timescales, Geophysical Monograph 112}},
8914     PAGES = {339-361},
8915     YEAR = 1999,
8916     PUBLISHER = {American Geophysocal Union, Washington, DC}
8917     }
8918    
8919     @ARTICLE{Pinkel:etal1991,
8920     AUTHOR = {Robert Pinkel and Jeffrey Sherman and Jerome Smith
8921     and Steven Anderson},
8922     TITLE = {Strain: Observations of the Vertical Gradient of
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8933     TITLE = {{Pacific and Indian Ocean upper-layer salinity budget}},
8934     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
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8936     PAGES = {747-753},
8937     YEAR = {1984}
8938     }
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8941     AUTHOR = {Pitcher, E. J. and M. L. Blackmon and G.T. Bates and S. Munoz},
8942     TITLE = {{The effect of North Pacific sea surface temperature
8943     anomalies on the January climate of a general
8944     circulation model}},
8945     JOURNAL = jas,
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8948     YEAR = {1988}
8949     }
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8954     JOURNAL = {Prog. Oceanogr.},
8955     VOLUME = {14},
8956     PAGES = {443-462},
8957     YEAR = {1985}
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8961     AUTHOR = {Pollard, R. T. and P. B. Rhines and R. O. R. Y. Thompson},
8962     TITLE = {The deepening of the wind-mixed layer.},
8963     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Fluid Dyn.},
8964     YEAR = {1973},
8965     VOLUME = {3},
8966     OPTNUMBER = {},
8967     PAGES = {381-404},
8968     OPTMONTH = {},
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8973     AUTHOR = {Porter, S. C.},
8974     TITLE = {Hawaiian glacial ages},
8975     JOURNAL = {Quat. Res.},
8976     YEAR = {1979},
8977     VOLUME = {12},
8978     OPTNUMBER = {},
8979     PAGES = {161-187},
8980     OPTMONTH = {},
8981     OPTNOTE = {}
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8984     @ARTICLE{Porter1997,
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8986     TITLE = {{Late Pleistocene eolian sediments related to
8987     pyroclastic eruptions of Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii}},
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8998     AUTHOR = {Posmentier, E.S. and Mark A. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
8999     TITLE = {{Tropical Pacific climate trends since 1960}},
9000     JOURNAL = jc,
9001     VOLUME = {2},
9002     PAGES = {731-736},
9003     YEAR = {1989}
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9008     TITLE = {On the scaling of stress-driven entrainment experiments},
9009     JOURNAL = {J. Fluid Mech.},
9010     YEAR = {1979},
9011     VOLUME = {90},
9012     OPTNUMBER = {},
9013     PAGES = {509-529},
9014     OPTMONTH = {},
9015     OPTNOTE = {}
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9018     @ARTICLE{Price:etal1986,
9019     AUTHOR = {Price, J.F. and R.A. Weller and R. Pinkel},
9020     TITLE = {{Diurnal Cycling: Observations and models of the upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling, and wind mixing}},
9021     JOURNAL = {J. Geo. Res.},
9022     VOLUME = {91},
9023     PAGES = {8411-8427},
9024     YEAR = {1986}
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9029     TITLE = {{Interannual variability of the Kuroshio Extension system and its impact on the wintertime SST field}},
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9041     TITLE = {Historical trends and statistics of the {Southern
9042     Oscillation, El Ni\~no}, and {Indonesian} droughts.},
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9045     VOLUME = {76},
9046     OPTNUMBER = {},
9047     PAGES = {663-678},
9048     OPTMONTH = {},
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9054     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no occurrences over the past four and a half centuries}},
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9058     YEAR = {1987}
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9062     AUTHOR = {{Rajagopolan, B. and Y. Kushnir and Y. M. Tourre}},
9063     TITLE = {{Observed decadal midlatitude and tropical Atlantic climate
9064     variability}},
9065     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
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9067     PAGES = {3967-3970},
9068     YEAR = {1998}
9069     }
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9072     AUTHOR = {{Rahmstorff, S. and J. Willebrand}},
9073     TITLE = {{The role of temperature feedback in stabilising the
9074     thermohaline circulation}},
9075     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
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9077     PAGES = {787-805},
9078     YEAR = {1995}
9079     }
9080    
9081     @ARTICLE{Rahmstorff1995,
9082     AUTHOR = {{Rahmstorff, S.}},
9083     TITLE = {{Bifurcations of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in
9084     response to changes in the hydrological cycle}},
9085     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9086     VOLUME = {378},
9087     PAGES = {145-149},
9088     YEAR = {1995}
9089     }
9090    
9091     @ARTICLE{Rahmstorff1997,
9092     AUTHOR = {{Rahmstorff, S.}},
9093     TITLE = {{Risk of sea-change in the Atlantic?}},
9094     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9095     VOLUME = {388},
9096     PAGES = {825-826},
9097     YEAR = {1997}
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9101     AUTHOR = {Ramage, C.S.},
9102     TITLE = {Sea surface temperature and local weather.},
9103     JOURNAL = mwr,
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9107     PAGES = {540-544},
9108     OPTMONTH = {},
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9112     @ARTICLE{Ramage1987,
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9114     TITLE = {{Secular change in reported surface wind speeds over the ocean}},
9115     JOURNAL = {J. Climate Appl. Meteor.},
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9118     YEAR = {1987}
9119     }
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9124     clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 {El
9125     Ni\~no.}},
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9137     TITLE = {{A nonisothermal emissivity and absorptivity formulation for
9138     water vapor}},
9139     JOURNAL = jgr,
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9142     YEAR = {1986}
9143     }
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9147     and B. R. Barkstrom and E. Ahmad and D. Hartmann},
9148     TITLE = {{Cloud-radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth
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9150     JOURNAL = {Science},
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9158     TITLE = {{A study of broadband parameterizations of the solar
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9169     JOURNAL = mwr,
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9177     TITLE = {{Seasonal simulations of the planetary boundary layer and
9178     boundary layer stratocumulus clouds with a general
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9180     JOURNAL = jas,
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9182     PAGES = {641-676},
9183     YEAR = {1985}
9184     }
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9188     TITLE = {{Interannual variations of sea surface temperature over the Arabian Sea and the Indian Monsoon}},
9189     JOURNAL = mwr,
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9192     YEAR = {1988}
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9197     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no} and variations in climate.},
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9209     TITLE = {{Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Ni\~no}},
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9218     TITLE = {{New lag associations between North Atlantic sea temperature and European pressure applied to long-group weather forecasting}},
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9266     disturbances in the equatorial western Pacific}},
9267     JOURNAL = jas,
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9275     TITLE = {{Stable and unstable air-sea interaction in the equatorial region}},
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9342     TITLE = {{The impact of cold North Atlantic sea surface temperature
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9344     JOURNAL = {Climate Dyn.},
9345     VOLUME = {1},
9346     PAGES = {3-33},
9347     YEAR = {1986}
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9352     TITLE = {{Terrestrial conditions at the last glacial maximum and
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9355     JOURNAL = {Quat. Res.},
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9364     TITLE = {{North Atlantic Deep Water and interhemispheric response to
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9367     JOURNAL = jgr,
9368     VOLUME = {},
9369     PAGES = {},
9370     NOTE = {in press},
9371     YEAR = {2001}
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9376     TITLE = {{The influence of Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies
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9386     TITLE = {{The use of emissivity in atmospheric radiation calculations}},
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9395     TITLE = {{Seasonal variability of sea surface $\Delta^{14}$C in the
9396     equatorial Pacific in an ocean circulation model}},
9397     JOURNAL = {To be submitted to J. Geophys. Res.},
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9399     PAGES = {},
9400     YEAR = {1995}
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9404     AUTHOR = {Rodwell, M. J. and B. J. Hoskins},
9405     TITLE = {{Monsoons and the dynamics of deserts}},
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9414     TITLE = {{Oceanic forcing of the wintertime North Atlantic
9415     Oscillation and European climate}},
9416     JOURNAL = {Nature},
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9419     YEAR = {1999}
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9423     AUTHOR = {Rogers, J.C.},
9424     TITLE = {{The association between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere}},
9425     JOURNAL = mwr,
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9442     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and northern Europe. Part II: Some oceanic and atmospheric effects in middle and high latitudes}},
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9450     AUTHOR = {Ropelewski, C. F. and M. S. Halpert},
9451     TITLE = {Global and regional scale precipitation patterns
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9464     TITLE = {{Precipitation patterns associated with the high index phase of the southern oscillation}},
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9466     VOLUME = {2},
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9472     AUTHOR = {Rosati, A and K. Miyakoda},
9473     TITLE = {A general circulation model for upper ocean simulation},
9474     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9475     YEAR = {1988},
9476     VOLUME = {18},
9477     OPTNUMBER = {},
9478     PAGES = {1601-1626},
9479     OPTMONTH = {},
9480     OPTNOTE = {}
9481     }
9482    
9483     @ARTICLE{Ross:etal1985,
9484     AUTHOR = {Ross, D.B. and J. Overland And W.J. Pierson, Jrs. and V.J. Cardone And R.D. McPherson and T.W. Yu},
9485     TITLE = {{Oceanic surface winds}},
9486     JOURNAL = {Adv. in Geophys.},
9487     VOLUME = {27},
9488     PAGES = {101-140},
9489     YEAR = {1985}
9490     }
9491    
9492     @ARTICLE{Rossow:Schiffer1991,
9493     AUTHOR = {W. B. Rossow and R. A. Schiffer},
9494     TITLE = {{ISCCP cloud data products}},
9495     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
9496     VOLUME = {72},
9497     PAGES = {2-20},
9498     YEAR = {1991}
9499     }
9500    
9501     @ARTICLE{Rossow:Lacis1990,
9502     AUTHOR = {W. B. Rossow and A. A. Lacis},
9503     TITLE = {{Global, seasonal cloud variations from satellite radiance
9504     measurements. Part II: Cloud properties and
9505     radiative effects}},
9506     JOURNAL = jc,
9507     VOLUME = {3},
9508     PAGES = {1204-1253},
9509     YEAR = {1990}
9510     }
9511    
9512     @ARTICLE{Rothstein1984,
9513     AUTHOR = {L. M. Rothstein},
9514     TITLE = {{A model of the equatorial sea surface temperature field and
9515     associated circulation dynamics}},
9516     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9517     VOLUME = {14},
9518     PAGES = {1875-1892},
9519     YEAR = {1984}
9520     }
9521    
9522     @ARTICLE{Ruiz-Barradas:etal1999,
9523     AUTHOR = {A. Ruiz-Barradas and J. A. Carton and S. Nigam},
9524     TITLE = {{Structure of interannual-to-decadal climate variability in
9525     the tropical Atlantic sector}},
9526     JOURNAL = jc,
9527     VOLUME = {},
9528     PAGES = {},
9529     YEAR = {1999},
9530     OPTNOTE = {Submitted}
9531     }
9532    
9533     @ARTICLE{Russell:etal1985,
9534     AUTHOR = {G. L. Russell and J. R. Miller and L.-C. Tsang},
9535     TITLE = {{Seasonal oceanic heat transports computed from an
9536     atmospheric model}},
9537     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans},
9538     VOLUME = {9},
9539     PAGES = {253-271},
9540     YEAR = {1985},
9541     OPTNOTE = {}
9542     }
9543    
9544     @ARTICLE{Gregory:Rowntree1990,
9545     AUTHOR = {D. Gregory and P. R. Rowntree},
9546     TITLE = {{A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud
9547     ensemble characteristics and stability-dependent closure}},
9548     JOURNAL = mwr,
9549     VOLUME = {118},
9550     PAGES = {1483-1506},
9551     YEAR = {1990}
9552     }
9553    
9554     @ARTICLE{Sadourny1975,
9555     AUTHOR = {Sadourny, R.},
9556     TITLE = {{ The dynamics of finite-difference models of the shallow water equations}},
9557     JOURNAL = jas,
9558     VOLUME = {32},
9559     PAGES = {680-689},
9560     YEAR = {1975}
9561     }
9562    
9563     @ARTICLE{Salathe:Hartmann1997,
9564     AUTHOR = {Salath\'{e}, E. P. and D. L. Hartmann},
9565     TITLE = {{A trajectory analysis of tropical upper-tropospheric
9566     moisture and convection}},
9567     JOURNAL = jc,
9568     VOLUME = {10},
9569     PAGES = {2533-2547},
9570     YEAR = {1997}
9571     }
9572    
9573     @ARTICLE{Sarachik1978,
9574     AUTHOR = {E. S. Sarachik},
9575     TITLE = {{Tropical sea surface temperature: an interactive
9576     one-dimensional model.}},
9577     JOURNAL = {Dyn. Atmos. Oceans},
9578     VOLUME = {2},
9579     PAGES = {455-469},
9580     YEAR = {1978}
9581     }
9582    
9583     @ARTICLE{Saravanan:Chang2000,
9584     AUTHOR = {R. Saravanan and P. Chang},
9585     TITLE = {{Interaction between tropical Atlantic variability and El
9586     Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation}},
9587     JOURNAL = jc,
9588     VOLUME = {},
9589     PAGES = {},
9590     YEAR = {2000},
9591     NOTE = {In press}
9592     }
9593    
9594     @ARTICLE{Saravanan:McWilliams1998,
9595     AUTHOR = {R. Saravanan and J. C. McWilliams},
9596     TITLE = {{Advective ocean-atmosphere interaction: An analytical
9597     stochastic model with implications for decadal variability}},
9598     JOURNAL = jc,
9599     VOLUME = {11},
9600     PAGES = {165-188},
9601     YEAR = {1998},
9602     NOTE = {}
9603     }
9604    
9605     @ARTICLE{Sardeshmukh:Held1984,
9606     AUTHOR = {Sardeshmukh, P. D. and I. M. Held},
9607     TITLE = {{The vorticity balance in the tropical upper troposphere of
9608     a general circulation model}},
9609     JOURNAL = jas,
9610     VOLUME = {41},
9611     PAGES = {768-778},
9612     YEAR = {1984}
9613     }
9614    
9615     @INCOLLECTION{Schlesinger:Mitchell1985,
9616     AUTHOR = {Schlesinger, M.E. and J.F.B. Mitchell},
9617     TITLE = {{Model projections of the equilibrium climatic response to increased carbon bioxide.}},
9618     EDITOR = {{U.S. Department of Energy}},
9619     BOOKTITLE = {{M.C. MacCracker and F.M. Luther, eds. Projecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide}},
9620     PAGES = {81-147},
9621     YEAR = {1985},
9622     PUBLISHER = {Washington, D.C. (DOE/ER-0237)}
9623     }
9624    
9625     @ARTICLE{Schneider1977,
9626     AUTHOR = {Schneider, E. K.},
9627     TITLE = {{Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part II: non-linear calculations}},
9628     JOURNAL = jas,
9629     VOLUME = {34},
9630     PAGES = {280-296},
9631     YEAR = {1977}
9632     }
9633    
9634     @ARTICLE{Schneider:Lindzen1977,
9635     AUTHOR = {Schneider, E. K. and R. S. Lindzen},
9636     TITLE = {{Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part I: Linear calculations}},
9637     JOURNAL = jas,
9638     VOLUME = {34},
9639     PAGES = {263-279},
9640     YEAR = {1977}
9641     }
9642    
9643     @ARTICLE{Schopf1983,
9644     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S},
9645     TITLE = {{On equatorial waves and El Ni\~no. II: Effects of air-sea
9646     thermal coupling}},
9647     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9648     VOLUME = {13},
9649     PAGES = {1878-1893},
9650     YEAR = {1983}
9651     }
9652    
9653     @ARTICLE{Schopf:Cane1983,
9654     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S. and Mark A. Cane},
9655     TITLE = {{On equatorial dynamics, mixed-layer physics and sea surface temperature}},
9656     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9657     VOLUME = {13},
9658     PAGES = {917-935},
9659     YEAR = {1983}
9660     }
9661    
9662     @ARTICLE{Schopf:Suarez1988,
9663     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S. and M.J. Suarez},
9664     TITLE = {{Vacillations in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}},
9665     JOURNAL = jas,
9666     VOLUME = {45},
9667     PAGES = {549-566},
9668     YEAR = {1988}
9669     }
9670    
9671     @ARTICLE{Schopf:Suarez1990,
9672     AUTHOR = {Schopf, P. S. and M.J. Suarez},
9673     TITLE = {{Ocean wave dynamics and the timescale of ENSO}},
9674     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9675     VOLUME = {20},
9676     PAGES = {629-645},
9677     YEAR = {1990}
9678     }
9679    
9680     @ARTICLE{Schott:etal1998,
9681     AUTHOR = {Schott, F. A. and J. Fischer and L. Stramma},
9682     TITLE = {{Transports and pathways of the upper-layer circulation in
9683     the western tropical Atlantic}},
9684     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9685     VOLUME = {28},
9686     PAGES = {1904-1928},
9687     YEAR = {1998}
9688     }
9689    
9690     @ARTICLE{Schrag:etal1996,
9691     AUTHOR = {Schrag, D. and G. Hampt and D. Murray},
9692     TITLE = {{Pore fluid constraints on the temperature and oxygen
9693     isotopic composition of the glacial ocean}},
9694     JOURNAL = {Science},
9695     VOLUME = {272},
9696     PAGES = {1930-1931},
9697     YEAR = {1996}
9698     }
9699    
9700     @ARTICLE{Schmittner:Clement2000,
9701     AUTHOR = {A. Schmittner and A. C. Clement},
9702     TITLE = {{The response of the thermohaline circulation to
9703     ENSO induced tropical freshwater forcing during the last
9704     glacial-interglacial}},
9705     JOURNAL = {},
9706     VOLUME = {},
9707     NOTE = {Manuscript in preparation},
9708     PAGES = {},
9709     YEAR = {2000}
9710     }
9711    
9712     @ARTICLE{Schmittner:etal2000,
9713     AUTHOR = {A. Schmittner and C. Appenzeller and T. F. Stocker},
9714     TITLE = {{Enhanced Atlantic freshwater export during El Ni\~no}},
9715     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
9716     VOLUME = {},
9717     NOTE = {In press},
9718     PAGES = {},
9719     YEAR = {2000}
9720     }
9721    
9722     @ARTICLE{Schulz:etal1998,
9723     AUTHOR = {H. Schulz and U. von Rad and H. Erienkeuser},
9724     TITLE = {{Correlation between Arabian Sea and Greenland climate
9725     oscillations of the past 110,000 years}},
9726     JOURNAL = {Nature},
9727     VOLUME = {393},
9728     NOTE = {},
9729     PAGES = {54-57},
9730     YEAR = {1998}
9731     }
9732    
9733     @ARTICLE{Schneider:etal2001,
9734     AUTHOR = {N. Schneider and A. J. Miller and D. W. Pierce},
9735     TITLE = {{Anatomy of North Pacific decadal variability}},
9736     JOURNAL = jc,
9737     VOLUME = {},
9738     NOTE = {submitted},
9739     PAGES = {},
9740     YEAR = {2001}
9741     }
9742    
9743     @ARTICLE{Seager1991,
9744     AUTHOR = {Seager, R.},
9745     TITLE = {{A simple model of the climatology and variability of the
9746     low level wind field in the tropics.}},
9747     JOURNAL = jc,
9748     VOLUME = {4},
9749     PAGES = {164-179},
9750     YEAR = {1991}
9751     }
9752    
9753     @ARTICLE{Seager1989,
9754     AUTHOR = {Seager, R.},
9755     TITLE = {{Modeling tropical Pacific sea surface temperature: 1970-1987}},
9756     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9757     VOLUME = {19},
9758     PAGES = {419-434},
9759     YEAR = {1989}
9760     }
9761    
9762     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal1988,
9763     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and S. E. Zebiak and Mark A. Cane},
9764     TITLE = {{A model of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature climatology}},
9765     JOURNAL = jgr,
9766     VOLUME = {93},
9767     PAGES = {1265-1280},
9768     YEAR = {1988}
9769     }
9770    
9771     @ARTICLE{Seager:Zebiak1994,
9772     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and S. E. Zebiak},
9773     TITLE = {{Convective interaction with dynamics in a linear primitive
9774     equation model}},
9775     JOURNAL = jas,
9776     VOLUME = {51},
9777     PAGES = {1307-1331},
9778     YEAR = {1994}
9779     }
9780    
9781     @ARTICLE{Seager:Zebiak1995,
9782     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and S. E. Zebiak},
9783     TITLE = {{Simulation of tropical climate with a linear primitive
9784     equation model}},
9785     JOURNAL = jc,
9786     VOLUME = {8},
9787     PAGES = {2497-2520},
9788     YEAR = {1995}
9789     }
9790    
9791     @ARTICLE{Seager:Zebiak1997,
9792     AUTHOR = {R. Seager and S.E. Zebiak},
9793     TITLE = {{Coupling between clouds, radiation, convection
9794     and surface fluxes in a tropical climate model}},
9795     JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the 22nd conference on hurricanes and
9796     tropical meteorology, May 19-23, 1997.},
9797     PAGES = {563-564},
9798     YEAR = 1997
9799     }
9800    
9801     @ARTICLE{Seager:Blumenthal1994,
9802     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and M. B. Blumenthal},
9803     TITLE = {{Modeling tropical Pacific sea surface temperature with
9804     satellite-derived solar radiative forcing}},
9805     JOURNAL = jc,
9806     VOLUME = {7},
9807     PAGES = {1943-1957},
9808     YEAR = {1994}
9809     }
9810    
9811     @ARTICLE{Seager:Blumenthal1998,
9812     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and M. B. Blumenthal},
9813     TITLE = {{Understanding the global distribution of ocean surface heat flux}},
9814     JOURNAL = jc,
9815     VOLUME = {},
9816     PAGES = {},
9817     NOTE = {Submitted},
9818     YEAR = {1998}
9819     }
9820    
9821     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal1995a,
9822     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and M. B. Blumenthal and Y. Kushnir},
9823     TITLE = {{An advective atmospheric mixed layer model for ocean
9824     modeling purposes: Global simulation of surface heat fluxes}},
9825     JOURNAL = jc,
9826     VOLUME = {8},
9827     PAGES = {1951-1964},
9828     YEAR = {1995}
9829     }
9830    
9831     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal1995b,
9832     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and Y. Kushnir and M. A. Cane},
9833     TITLE = {{On heat flux boundary conditions for ocean models}},
9834     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9835     VOLUME = {25},
9836     NOTE = {},
9837     PAGES = {3219-3230},
9838     YEAR = {1995}
9839     }
9840    
9841     @ARTICLE{Seager:Murtugudde1997,
9842     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and R. Murtugudde},
9843     TITLE = {{Ocean dynamics, thermocline adjustment and regulation of
9844     tropical SST}},
9845     JOURNAL = jc,
9846     VOLUME = {10},
9847     NOTE = {},
9848     PAGES = {521-534},
9849     YEAR = {1997}
9850     }
9851    
9852     @ARTICLE{Seager1996,
9853     AUTHOR = {Seager, R.},
9854     TITLE = {{Generalization of an advective atmospheric mixed layer model for
9855     ocean modeling purposes: Simulation of Southern
9856     Ocean heat fluxes}},
9857     JOURNAL = jc,
9858     VOLUME = {},
9859     NOTE = {submitted},
9860     PAGES = {},
9861     YEAR = {1996}
9862     }
9863    
9864     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal2001,
9865     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and Y. Kushnir and P. Chang and N. Naik and
9866     J. Miller and W. Hazeleger},
9867     TITLE = {{Looking for the role of the ocean in tropical Atlantic
9868     decadal climate variability}},
9869     JOURNAL = jc,
9870     VOLUME = {14},
9871     NOTE = {638-655},
9872     PAGES = {},
9873     YEAR = {2001}
9874     }
9875    
9876     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal2000b,
9877     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and Y. Kushnir and M. Visbeck and N. Naik and
9878     J. Miller and G. Krahmann and H. Cullen},
9879     TITLE = {{Causes of Atlantic Ocean climate variability between 1958
9880     and 1998}},
9881     JOURNAL = jc,
9882     VOLUME = {13},
9883     NOTE = {},
9884     PAGES = {2845-2862},
9885     YEAR = {2000}
9886     }
9887    
9888     @ARTICLE{Seager:etal2000a,
9889     AUTHOR = {Seager, R. and A. C. Clement and M. A. Cane},
9890     TITLE = {{Glacial cooling in the tropics: Exploring the roles of
9891     tropospheric water vapor, wind speed and boundary
9892     layer processes}},
9893     JOURNAL = jas,
9894     VOLUME = {57},
9895     NOTE = {},
9896     PAGES = {2144-2157},
9897     YEAR = {2000}
9898     }
9899    
9900     @ARTICLE{Sekine1988,
9901     AUTHOR = {Sekine, Y.},
9902     TITLE = {{Anomalous southward intrusion of the Oyashio east of Japan,
9903     1, Influence of the seasonal and interannual
9904     variations in the wind stress over the North Pacific}},
9905     JOURNAL = jgr,
9906     VOLUME = {93},
9907     PAGES = {2247-2255},
9908     YEAR = {1988}
9909     }
9910    
9911     @ARTICLE{Sekine1999,
9912     AUTHOR = {Sekine, Y.},
9913     TITLE = {{Anomalous southward intrusion of the Oyashio east of Japan,
9914     2, Two layer numerical model}},
9915     JOURNAL = jgr,
9916     VOLUME = {104},
9917     PAGES = {3049-3058},
9918     YEAR = {1999}
9919     }
9920    
9921     @ARTICLE{Sellers:etal1986,
9922     AUTHOR = {Sellers, P. J. and Y. Mintz and Y. C. Sud and A. Dalcher},
9923     TITLE = {{A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general
9924     circulation models}},
9925     JOURNAL = {J. Atmos. Sci},
9926     VOLUME = {43},
9927     PAGES = {505-531},
9928     YEAR = {1986}
9929     }
9930    
9931     @ARTICLE{Sennechael:etal1994,
9932     AUTHOR = {Sennechael, N. and C. Frankignoul and M. A. Cane},
9933     TITLE = {{An adaptive procedure for tuning a sea surface temperature model}},
9934     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9935     VOLUME = {24},
9936     PAGES = {2288-2305},
9937     YEAR = {1994}
9938     }
9939    
9940     @BOOK{Sengupta:etal1988,
9941     AUTHOR = {Sengupta, S. and J. Hauser And P.R. Eiseman and J.F. Thompson},
9942     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation in computational fluid mechanics}},
9943     YEAR = {1988},
9944     PUBLISHER = {{Pineridge Press}}
9945     }
9946    
9947     @ARTICLE{Servain1991,
9948     AUTHOR = {J. Servain},
9949     TITLE = {Simple Climatic Indices for the tropical Atlantic Ocean and some applications.},
9950     JOURNAL = jgr,
9951     YEAR = {1991},
9952     VOLUME = {96},
9953     PAGES = {15137-15146}
9954     }
9955    
9956     @ARTICLE{Servain:Legler1986,
9957     AUTHOR = {Servain, J. and D. M. Legler},
9958     TITLE = {{Empirical orthogonal function analyses of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature and wind stress: 1964-1979}},
9959     JOURNAL = jgr,
9960     VOLUME = 91,
9961     PAGES = {14181-14191},
9962     YEAR = 1986
9963     }
9964    
9965     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1982,
9966     AUTHOR = {J. Servain and J. Picaut and J. Merle},
9967     TITLE = {Evidence of remote forcing in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean.},
9968     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
9969     YEAR = {1982},
9970     VOLUME = {12},
9971     OPTNUMBER = {},
9972     PAGES = {457-463},
9973     OPTMONTH = {},
9974     OPTNOTE = {}
9975     }
9976    
9977     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1998,
9978     AUTHOR = {{J. Servain and I. Wainer and J. P. McCreary and
9979     A. Dessier}},
9980     TITLE = {Relationship between the equatorial and meridional
9981     modes of climatic variability in the tropical Atlantic},
9982     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
9983     YEAR = {1998},
9984     VOLUME = {26},
9985     OPTNUMBER = {},
9986     PAGES = {485-488},
9987     OPTMONTH = {},
9988     OPTNOTE = {}
9989     }
9990    
9991     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1986,
9992     AUTHOR = {Servain, J. and M. Seva and S. Lukas and G. Rougier},
9993     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic wind stress and sea surface temperature: 1980-1984}},
9994     JOURNAL = {Antenne ORSTOM, Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale,
9995     University of Hawaii},
9996     YEAR = {1986}
9997     }
9998    
9999     @ARTICLE{Servain:etal1987,
10000     AUTHOR = {Servain, J. and M. Seva and S. Lukas and G. Rougier},
10001     TITLE = {{Climatic atlas of the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature and wind stress: 1980-1984}},
10002     JOURNAL = {Ocean Air Interact.},
10003     VOLUME = {1},
10004     PAGES = {109-182},
10005     YEAR = 1987
10006     }
10007    
10008     @ARTICLE{Seung1987,
10009     AUTHOR = {Seung, Y.H.},
10010     TITLE = {{A buoyancy flux-driven cyclonic gyre in the Labrador Sea}},
10011     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10012     VOLUME = {17},
10013     PAGES = {134-146},
10014     YEAR = {1987}
10015     }
10016    
10017     @ARTICLE{Sherman:Pinkel1991,
10018     AUTHOR = {Jeffrey T. Sherman and Robert Pinkel},
10019     TITLE = {Estimates of the Vertical Wavenumber-Frequency
10020     Spectra of Vertical Shear and Strain},
10021     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10022     YEAR = 1991,
10023     VOLUME = 21,
10024     NUMBER = 2,
10025     PAGES = {292-303}
10026     }
10027    
10028     @ARTICLE{Shindell:etal1999,
10029     AUTHOR = {D. T. Shindell and R. L. Miller and G. A. Schmidt and
10030     L. Pandolfo},
10031     TITLE = {{Greenhouse gas forcing of Northern Hemisphere winter
10032     climate trends}},
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10034     YEAR = 1999,
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10053     J.-J. Morcrette},
10054     TITLE = {{Radiative forcing of climate}},
10055     EDITOR = {},
10056     BOOKTITLE = {{Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment}},
10057     PAGES = {41-68},
10058     YEAR = {1990},
10059     PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.}
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10080     JOURNAL = {Science},
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10091     TITLE = {{The development and verification of a cloud
10092     prediction scheme for the ECMWF model}},
10093     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
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10105     changes in low cloud}},
10106     JOURNAL = {Nature},
10107     YEAR = {1990},
10108     VOLUME = {343},
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10130     TITLE = {{Simulation of clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation
10131     over the oceans using operational analyses}},
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10149     VOLUME = {120},
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10264     VOLUME = {35},
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10274     and moisture},
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10299     JOURNAL = jas,
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10301     VOLUME = {36},
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10310     Fischer-Bruns and Klaus Hasselmann},
10311     TITLE = {{Principal Oscillation Pattern} analysis of the 30-60
10312     day oscillation in a {GCM} equatorial troposphere},
10313     INSTITUTION = {{Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Meteorologie}},
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10316     NUMBER = {7},
10317     OPTADDRESS = {},
10318     PAGES = 44,
10319     MONTH = {August},
10320     OPTNOTE = {}
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10322    
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10325     Fischer-Bruns and Klaus Hasselmann},
10326     TITLE = {{Principal Oscillation Pattern} analysis of the 30-60
10327     day oscillation in a {GCM} equatorial troposphere},
10328     JOURNAL = jgr,
10329     YEAR = {1988},
10330     VOLUME = {93},
10331     OPTNUMBER = {},
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10340     PUBLISHER = {Harcourt, Brace, and Jovanovitch},
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10356     TITLE = {{Cooling of tropical Brazil during the last glacial maximum}},
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10358     VOLUME = {269},
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10366     UCLA general circulation model: Formulation and results}},
10367     JOURNAL = mwr,
10368     VOLUME = {111},
10369     PAGES = {2224-2243},
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10375     TITLE = {{A delayed action oscillator for ENSO}},
10376     JOURNAL = jas,
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10385     processes and the influence of recent improvements in
10386     the parameterization of convection in the GLA GCM}},
10387     JOURNAL = mwr,
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10389     PAGES = {2366-2387},
10390     YEAR = {1988}
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10396     atmospheric circulation and rainfall in the
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10398     general circulation model}},
10399     JOURNAL = mwr,
10400     VOLUME = {120},
10401     PAGES = {594-611},
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10408     tropical atmosphere. Part II: Structure and
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10410     modification by lower boundary forcings }},
10411     JOURNAL = jas,
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10428     TITLE = {{Distribution of tropical tropospheric water vapor }},
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10437     TITLE = {{Dynamic ocean-atmosphere coupling: a thermostat for the tropics}},
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10467     cliamte applications}},
10468     INSTITUTION = {{World Meteorological Organization}},
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10478     JOURNAL = {Nature},
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10480     PAGES = {},
10481     NOTE = {In press},
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10488     Atlantic region}},
10489     JOURNAL = jc,
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10491     PAGES = {},
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10493     YEAR = {1999}
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10499     appplication to the equatorial currents of the
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10501     JOURNAL = {Proc. National Acad. Sci.},
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10512     JOURNAL = jas,
10513     VOLUME = {54},
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10515     YEAR = {1997}
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10518     @ARTICLE{Swinbank:etal1988,
10519     AUTHOR = {R. Swinbank and T. N. Palmer and M. K. Davey},
10520     TITLE = {{Numerical simulations of the Madden and Julian Oscillation}},
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10522     VOLUME = {45},
10523     PAGES = {774-788},
10524     YEAR = {1988}
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10527     @ARTICLE{Talley:Raymer1982,
10528     AUTHOR = {Talley, L.D. and M.E. Raymer},
10529     TITLE = {{Eighteen degree water variability}},
10530     JOURNAL = jmr,
10531     VOLUME = {49Suppl},
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10538     TITLE = {{Estimation of EOF structures from gappy data set}},
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10540     VOLUME = {in preparation},
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10560     PUBLISHER = {{Elsevier}}
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10564     AUTHOR = {Taylor, A.H.},
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10579     }
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10584     Stream}},
10585     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
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10593     TITLE = {{Orthogonal vertical normal modes for a multilevel model}},
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10595     VOLUME = {112},
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10602     TITLE = {{Normal mode initialization for a multilevel grid-point
10603     model. Part I: Linear aspects}},
10604     JOURNAL = mwr,
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10606     PAGES = {729-743},
10607     YEAR = {1981}
10608     }
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10610     @ARTICLE{Tennekes1973,
10611     AUTHOR = {H. Tennekes},
10612     TITLE = {{A model for the dynamics of the inversion above a
10613     convective boundary layer}},
10614     JOURNAL = jas,
10615     VOLUME = {30},
10616     PAGES = {558-567},
10617     YEAR = {1973}
10618     }
10619    
10620     @ARTICLE{Tett1995,
10621     AUTHOR = {S. Tett},
10622     TITLE = {{Simulation of El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation-like
10623     variability in a global AOGCM and its response to
10624     $CO_2$ increase}},
10625     JOURNAL = jc,
10626     VOLUME = {8},
10627     PAGES = {1473-1502},
10628     YEAR = {1995}
10629     }
10630    
10631     @UNPUBLISHED{Thiria:etal1990,
10632     AUTHOR = {Thiria, S. and Badran, F. and Crepon, M.},
10633     TITLE = {Wind Ambiguity removal by the use of neural network techniques},
10634     NOTE = {},
10635     YEAR = {1990},
10636     OPTMONTH = {}
10637     }
10638    
10639     @INCOLLECTION{Thomas1982,
10640     AUTHOR = {Thomas, P.D.},
10641     TITLE = {{Numerical generation of composite three-dimensional grids by quasihnear elliptic systems.}},
10642     EDITOR = {P.D. Thomas},
10643     BOOKTITLE = {{Numerical grid generation}},
10644     PAGES = {667-686},
10645     YEAR = {1982},
10646     PUBLISHER = {North-Holland}
10647     }
10648    
10649     @BOOK{Thompson1986,
10650     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F.},
10651     TITLE = {{A survey of composite grid generation for general three-dimensional regions}},
10652     YEAR = {1986},
10653     PUBLISHER = {{AIAA}}
10654     }
10655    
10656     @INCOLLECTION{Thompson1988,
10657     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F.},
10658     TITLE = {{Some current trends in numerical grid generation.}},
10659     BOOKTITLE = {{Numerical methods of fluid dynamics, 111}},
10660     PAGES = {87-100},
10661     YEAR = {1988},
10662     PUBLISHER = {Oxford, England}
10663     }
10664    
10665     @BOOK{Thompson:etal,
10666     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F. and Z.V.A. Warsi and C.W. Martin},
10667     TITLE = {{Numerical grid generation-fundamentals and applications}},
10668     YEAR = {},
10669     PUBLISHER = {{North-Holland}}
10670     }
10671    
10672     @ARTICLE{Thompson:etal1982,
10673     AUTHOR = {Thompson, J.F. and Z.V.A. Warsi and C.W. Martin},
10674     TITLE = {{Boundary-fitted co-ordinate systems for numerical soultion of partial differential equations - a review}},
10675     JOURNAL = {J. Comp. Phys.},
10676     VOLUME = {47},
10677     PAGES = {1-108},
10678     YEAR = {1982}
10679     }
10680    
10681     @ARTICLE{Thompson:etal1995,
10682     AUTHOR = {Thompson, L. E. and E. Mosley-Thompson and M. E. Davis and
10683     P. N. Lik and K. A. Henderson and J. Cole-Dai and
10684     J. F. Bolzan and K. B. Liu},
10685     TITLE = {{Late glacial stage and Holocene tropical ice core records
10686     from Huascaran, Peru.}},
10687     JOURNAL = {Science},
10688     VOLUME = {269},
10689     PAGES = {46-50},
10690     YEAR = {1995}
10691     }
10692    
10693     @ARTICLE{Thompson:Warren1982,
10694     AUTHOR = {Thompson, S. L. and S. G. Warren},
10695     TITLE = {{Parameterization of outgoing infrared radiation derived
10696     from detailed radiative calculations}},
10697     JOURNAL = jas,
10698     VOLUME = {39},
10699     PAGES = {2667-2680},
10700     YEAR = {1982}
10701     }
10702    
10703     @ARTICLE{Thompson:Wallace1999,
10704     AUTHOR = {Thompson, D. W. J. and J. M. Wallace},
10705     TITLE = {{Annular modes in the extratropical circulation: Part I:
10706     Month-to-month variability}},
10707     JOURNAL = jc,
10708     VOLUME = {},
10709     PAGES = {},
10710     YEAR = {1999},
10711     NOTE = {In press.}
10712     }
10713    
10714     @INCOLLECTION{Tiedtke1988,
10715     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M},
10716     TITLE = {{Parameterization of cumulus convection in large scale models}},
10717     EDITOR = {M. Schlesinger},
10718     BOOKTITLE = {{Physically-based modeling and simulation of climate and
10719     climate change}},
10720     PAGES = {375-431},
10721     YEAR = {1988},
10722     PUBLISHER = {D. Reidel, Hingham, Mass.}
10723     }
10724    
10725     @ARTICLE{Tiedtke:etal1988,
10726     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M. and W. A. Heckley and J. Slingo},
10727     TITLE = {{Tropical forecasting at ECMWF: The influence of physical
10728     parameterization on the mean structure of forecasts
10729     and analyses}},
10730     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
10731     VOLUME = {114},
10732     PAGES = {639-664},
10733     YEAR = {1988}
10734     }
10735    
10736     @ARTICLE{Tiedtke1989,
10737     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M.},
10738     TITLE = {{A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus
10739     parameterization in large-scale models}},
10740     JOURNAL = mwr,
10741     VOLUME = {117},
10742     PAGES = {1779-1800},
10743     YEAR = {1989}
10744     }
10745    
10746     @ARTICLE{Tiedtke1993,
10747     AUTHOR = {Tiedtke, M.},
10748     TITLE = {{Representation of clouds in large-scale models}},
10749     JOURNAL = mwr,
10750     VOLUME = {121},
10751     PAGES = {3040-3061},
10752     YEAR = {1993}
10753     }
10754    
10755     @INCOLLECTION{Tourre:Cardone1984,
10756     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and V.J. Cardone},
10757     TITLE = {{Evaluation of ECMWF surface winds in tropical Atlantic during SEQUAL/FOCAL first year.}},
10758     BOOKTITLE = {{Paper presented at Fall Meeting of American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 3 to Dec. 7, 1984}},
10759     YEAR = {},
10760     PUBLISHER = {}
10761     }
10762    
10763     @ARTICLE{Tourre:etal1989,
10764     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and J. Merle and Y. Quilfen},
10765     TITLE = {{Sea level pressure variability and warm events in the tropical Atlantic Ocean}},
10766     JOURNAL = jc,
10767     PAGES = {(sumbitted)},
10768     YEAR = {1989}
10769     }
10770    
10771     @ARTICLE{Tourre:etal1999a,
10772     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and B. Rajagopolan and Y. Kushnir},
10773     TITLE = {{Dominant patterns of climate variability in the Atlantic
10774     Ocean during the last 136 Years}},
10775     JOURNAL = jc,
10776     VOLUME = {12},
10777     PAGES = {2285-2299},
10778     YEAR = {1999},
10779     NOTE = {}
10780     }
10781    
10782     @ARTICLE{Tourre:etal1999b,
10783     AUTHOR = {Tourre, Y.M. and Y. Kushnir and W. B. White},
10784     TITLE = {{Evolution of interdecadal variability in sea level
10785     pressure, sea surface temperature, and upper ocean
10786     temperature over the Pacific Ocean}},
10787     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10788     PAGES = {1528-1541},
10789     YEAR = {1999},
10790     NOTE = {}
10791     }
10792    
10793     @TECHREPORT{Trenberth1992,
10794     AUTHOR = {K. E. Trenberth},
10795     TITLE = {{Global analyses from ECMWF and Atlas of 1000 to 10
10796     mb Circulation Statistics}},
10797     INSTITUTION = {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
10798     YEAR = 1992,
10799     NUMBER = {NCAR/TN-373+STR},
10800     PAGES = 191,
10801     ADDRESS = {Boulder, Colorado, 191pp}
10802     }
10803    
10804     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:etal1988,
10805     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and G.W. Branstator and P.A. Arkin},
10806     TITLE = {Origins of the 1988 North American drought},
10807     JOURNAL = {Sci},
10808     YEAR = {1988},
10809     VOLUME = {242},
10810     OPTNUMBER = {},
10811     PAGES = {1640-1645},
10812     OPTMONTH = {},
10813     OPTNOTE = {}
10814     }
10815    
10816     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:etal2001,
10817     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and J. M. Caron and D. P. Stepaniak},
10818     TITLE = {The atmospheric energy budget and implications for
10819     surface fluxes and ocean heat transports},
10820     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
10821     YEAR = {2001},
10822     VOLUME = {},
10823     OPTNUMBER = {},
10824     PAGES = {},
10825     OPTMONTH = {},
10826     NOTE = {submitted}
10827     }
10828    
10829     @ARTICLE{Trenberth1991,
10830     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E.},
10831     TITLE = {{Storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere}},
10832     JOURNAL = jas,
10833     YEAR = {1991},
10834     VOLUME = {48},
10835     OPTNUMBER = {},
10836     PAGES = {2159-2178},
10837     OPTMONTH = {},
10838     OPTNOTE = {}
10839     }
10840    
10841     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:Hurrell1994,
10842     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and J. W. Hurrell},
10843     TITLE = {{Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific}},
10844     JOURNAL = {Clim. Dyn.},
10845     YEAR = {1994},
10846     VOLUME = {9},
10847     OPTNUMBER = {},
10848     PAGES = {303-319},
10849     OPTMONTH = {},
10850     OPTNOTE = {}
10851     }
10852    
10853     @ARTICLE{Trenberth:Hoar1996,
10854     AUTHOR = {Trenberth, K.E. and T. J. Hoar},
10855     TITLE = {{The 1990-1995 El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation event:
10856     Longest on record}},
10857     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
10858     YEAR = {1996},
10859     VOLUME = {},
10860     OPTNUMBER = {},
10861     PAGES = {},
10862     OPTMONTH = {},
10863     NOTE = {submitted}
10864     }
10865    
10866     @ARTICLE{Troehn:Mahrt1986,
10867     AUTHOR = {Troehn, I. and L. Mahrt},
10868     TITLE = {A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer;
10869     sensitivity to surface evaporation},
10870     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer Meteor.},
10871     YEAR = {1986},
10872     VOLUME = {37},
10873     OPTNUMBER = {},
10874     PAGES = {129-148},
10875     OPTMONTH = {},
10876     OPTNOTE = {}
10877     }
10878    
10879     @ARTICLE{Tziperman:etal1994a,
10880     AUTHOR = {Tziperman, E. and J. R. Toggweiler and Y. Feliks and
10881     K. Bryan},
10882     TITLE = {Instability of the thermohaline circulation with
10883     respect to mixed boundary conditions: Is it really a
10884     problem for realistic models?},
10885     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
10886     YEAR = {1994},
10887     VOLUME = {24},
10888     OPTNUMBER = {},
10889     PAGES = {217-232},
10890     OPTMONTH = {},
10891     OPTNOTE = {}
10892     }
10893    
10894     @ARTICLE{Tziperman:etal1994b,
10895     AUTHOR = {Tziperman, E. and M. A. Cane and S. E. Zebiak},
10896     TITLE = {Irregularity and locking to the seasonal cycle in an
10897     ENSO prediction model as explained by the
10898     quasi-periodicity route to chaos},
10899     JOURNAL = jas,
10900     YEAR = {1994},
10901     VOLUME = {52},
10902     OPTNUMBER = {},
10903     PAGES = {293-306},
10904     OPTMONTH = {},
10905     OPTNOTE = {}
10906     }
10907    
10908     @ARTICLE{Tziperman1997,
10909     AUTHOR = {Tziperman, E.},
10910     TITLE = {Inherently unstable climate behavior due to weak
10911     thermohaline circulation},
10912     JOURNAL = {Nature},
10913     YEAR = {1997},
10914     VOLUME = {386},
10915     OPTNUMBER = {},
10916     PAGES = {592-595},
10917     OPTMONTH = {},
10918     OPTNOTE = {}
10919     }
10920    
10921     @ARTICLE{Vallis1986,
10922     AUTHOR = {Vallis, G.K.},
10923     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no: A chaotic dynamical system}},
10924     JOURNAL = {Science},
10925     VOLUME = {232},
10926     PAGES = {243-245},
10927     YEAR = {1986}
10928     }
10929    
10930     @ARTICLE{Valdes:Hoskins1989,
10931     AUTHOR = {Valdes, P.J. and B. J. Hoskins},
10932     TITLE = {{Linear stationary wave simulations of the time-mean
10933     climatological flow}},
10934     JOURNAL = jas,
10935     VOLUME = {46},
10936     PAGES = {2509-2527},
10937     YEAR = {1989}
10938     }
10939    
10940     @ARTICLE{Vallis1988,
10941     AUTHOR = {Vallis, G.K.},
10942     TITLE = {{Conceptual models of El Ni\~no and the Southern Oscillation}},
10943     JOURNAL = jgr,
10944     VOLUME = {11},
10945     PAGES = {979-991},
10946     YEAR = {1988}
10947     }
10948    
10949     @ARTICLE{VanLoon:Rogers1978a,
10950     AUTHOR = {H. van Loon and J. C. Rogers},
10951     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and
10952     Northern Europe. Part I: General description}},
10953     JOURNAL = mwr,
10954     VOLUME = {106},
10955     PAGES = {296-310},
10956     YEAR = {1978}
10957     }
10958    
10959     @ARTICLE{vanLoon:Rogers1978b,
10960     AUTHOR = {van Loon, H. and J.C. Rogers},
10961     TITLE = {{The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and
10962     northern Europe. Part I: Winter}},
10963     JOURNAL = mwr,
10964     VOLUME = 104,
10965     PAGES = {365-380},
10966     YEAR = 1978
10967     }
10968    
10969     @ARTICLE{Venegas:etal1997,
10970     AUTHOR = {S. A. Venegas and L. A. Mysak and D. N. Straub},
10971     TITLE = {{Atmosphere-ocean coupled variability in the South Atlantic}},
10972     JOURNAL = jc,
10973     VOLUME = {10},
10974     PAGES = {2904-2920},
10975     YEAR = {1997}
10976     }
10977    
10978     @ARTICLE{Venegas:etal1998,
10979     AUTHOR = {S. A. Venegas and L. A. Mysak and D. N. Straub},
10980     TITLE = {{An interdecadal climate cycle in the South Atlantic and its links to
10981     other ocean basins}},
10982     JOURNAL = {J. Geophys. Res. },
10983     VOLUME = {103},
10984     PAGES = {24723-24736},
10985     YEAR = {1998}
10986     }
10987    
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10989     AUTHOR = {S. Venzke and M. Munnich and M. Latif},
10990     TITLE = {{On the predictability of decadal changes in the North Pacific}},
10991     JOURNAL = {Clim Dyn.},
10992     VOLUME = {16},
10993     PAGES = {379-392},
10994     YEAR = {2000}
10995     }
10996    
10997     @ARTICLE{Veronis1973,
10998     AUTHOR = {George Veronis},
10999     TITLE = {{Model of world ocean circulation: 1. Wind-driven,
11000     two layer}},
11001     JOURNAL = {J. Marine Res.},
11002     YEAR = {1973},
11003     VOLUME = {31},
11004     OPTNUMBER = {},
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11006     OPTMONTH = {},
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11009    
11010     @ARTICLE{Visbeck:etal1997,
11011     AUTHOR = {M. Visbeck and J. C. Marshall and T. Haine and M. Spall},
11012     TITLE = {Specification of eddy transfer coefficients in coarse
11013     resolution ocean circulation models},
11014     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11015     YEAR = 1997,
11016     VOLUME = 27,
11017     PAGES = {381-402}
11018     }
11019    
11020     @ARTICLE{Visbeck:etal1998,
11021     AUTHOR = {M. Visbeck and H. Cullen and G. Krahmann and N. Naik},
11022     TITLE = {{An ocean model's response to North Atlantic
11023     Oscillation-like wind forcing}},
11024     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
11025     YEAR = 1998,
11026     VOLUME = 25,
11027     PAGES = {4521-4524}
11028     }
11029    
11030     @ARTICLE{Vihma1995,
11031     AUTHOR = {T. Vihma},
11032     TITLE = {Subgrid parameterization of surface heat and momentum
11033     fluxes over polar oceans},
11034     JOURNAL = jgr,
11035     YEAR = 1995,
11036     VOLUME = 100,
11037     PAGES = {22613-22624}
11038     }
11039    
11040     @ARTICLE{Viswanadham1981,
11041     AUTHOR = {Y. Viswanadham},
11042     TITLE = {The Relationship between Total Precipitable Water and
11043     Surface Dew Point},
11044     JOURNAL = {J. Appl. Meteorol.},
11045     YEAR = 1981,
11046     VOLUME = 20,
11047     PAGES = {3-8}
11048     }
11049    
11050     @ARTICLE{Voorhis:etal1984,
11051     AUTHOR = {Voorhis, A. and J. R. Luyten And G. Needell and J. Thomson},
11052     TITLE = {{Wind-forced variability of upper ocean dynamics in the central equatorial Pacific during PEQUOD}},
11053     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11054     VOLUME = {14},
11055     PAGES = {615-622},
11056     YEAR = {1984}
11057     }
11058    
11059     @ARTICLE{Wacongne1989,
11060     AUTHOR = {Wacongne, S.},
11061     TITLE = {{Dynamical regimes of a fully nonlinear stratified model of the Atlantic equatorial undercurrent}},
11062     JOURNAL = jgr,
11063     VOLUME = {94},
11064     PAGES = {4801-4815},
11065     YEAR = {1989}
11066     }
11067    
11068     @ARTICLE{Wagner:daSilva1993,
11069     AUTHOR = {R. G. Wagner and A.M. da Silva.},
11070     TITLE = {Surface conditions associated with anomalous rainfall
11071     in the Guinea costal region},
11072     JOURNAL = {Int. J. Climatol.},
11073     YEAR = {1993},
11074     NOTE = {To appear.},
11075     OPTNUMBER = {},
11076     OPTPAGES = {},
11077     OPTMONTH = {},
11078     OPTNOTE = {}
11079     }
11080    
11081     @ARTICLE{Wagner1996a,
11082     AUTHOR = {R. G. Wagner},
11083     TITLE = {{Mechanisms controlling variability of the
11084     interhemispheric sea surface temperature gradient in
11085     the tropical Atlantic}},
11086     JOURNAL = jc,
11087     YEAR = {1996},
11088     NOTE = {},
11089     VOLUME = {9},
11090     PAGES = {2010-2019},
11091     OPTMONTH = {},
11092     OPTNOTE = {}
11093     }
11094    
11095     @ARTICLE{Wagner1996b,
11096     AUTHOR = {R. G. Wagner},
11097     TITLE = {{Decadal scale trends in mechanisms controlling
11098     meridional sea surface temperature gradients in
11099     the tropical Atlantic}},
11100     JOURNAL = jgr,
11101     YEAR = {1996},
11102     NOTE = {},
11103     VOLUME = {101},
11104     PAGES = {16683-16694},
11105     OPTMONTH = {},
11106     OPTNOTE = {}
11107     }
11108    
11109     @ARTICLE{Wakata1989,
11110     AUTHOR = {Wakata, Y.},
11111     TITLE = {{On the instability problem in simple air-sea coupled models with an oceanic surface boundary layer}},
11112     JOURNAL = {J. Meteor. Japan},
11113     VOLUME = {in press},
11114     YEAR = {1989}
11115     }
11116    
11117     @ARTICLE{Waliser:Graham1993,
11118     AUTHOR = {Waliser, D. E. and N. E. Graham},
11119     TITLE = {Convective cloud systems and warm-pool sea surface
11120     temperatures: coupled interactions and self-regulation},
11121     JOURNAL = jgr,
11122     YEAR = {1993},
11123     OPTVOLUME = {98},
11124     OPTNUMBER = {},
11125     PAGES = {12,881-12,893},
11126     OPTMONTH = {},
11127     OPTNOTE = {}
11128     }
11129    
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11132     TITLE = {Correlation in seasonal variations of weather,{IX}: a
11133     further study of world weather.},
11134     JOURNAL = {Mem. India Meteorol. Dep 24 (Part 9)},
11135     YEAR = {1924},
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11139     OPTMONTH = {},
11140     OPTNOTE = {}
11141     }
11142    
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11145     TITLE = {World {W}eather {V}.},
11146     JOURNAL = {Mem. R. Meteorol. Soc.},
11147     YEAR = {1932},
11148     VOLUME = {4},
11149     NUMBER = {36},
11150     PAGES = {53-84},
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11152     }
11153    
11154     @ARTICLE{Wallace:Gutzler1981,
11155     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and D. S. Gutzler},
11156     TITLE = {{Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the
11157     northern hemisphere winter}},
11158     JOURNAL = mwr,
11159     VOLUME = {109},
11160     PAGES = {784-812},
11161     YEAR = 1981
11162     }
11163    
11164     @INCOLLECTION{Wallace:Jiang1987,
11165     AUTHOR = {Wallace, J.M. and Q. Jiang},
11166     TITLE = {{On the observed structure of interannual variability of the atmosphere/ocean climate system. }},
11167     EDITOR = {H. Cattle},
11168     BOOKTITLE = {{Atmospheric and Oceanic Variability}},
11169     PAGES = {17-43},
11170     YEAR = {1987},
11171     PUBLISHER = {Royal Meteorological Society/American Meteorological Society}
11172     }
11173    
11174     @ARTICLE{Wallace:etal1989,
11175     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and T. P. Mitchell and C. Deser},
11176     TITLE = {{The influence of sea surface temperature on surface wind in
11177     the eastern equatorial Pacific: Seasonal and
11178     interannual variability}},
11179     JOURNAL = jc,
11180     VOLUME = {2},
11181     PAGES = {1492-1499},
11182     YEAR = 1989
11183     }
11184    
11185     @ARTICLE{Wallace:etal1990,
11186     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and C. Smith and Q. Jiang},
11187     TITLE = {{Spatial patterns of atmosphere-ocean interaction in the
11188     northern winter}},
11189     JOURNAL = jc,
11190     VOLUME = {3},
11191     PAGES = {990-998},
11192     YEAR = 1990
11193     }
11194    
11195     @ARTICLE{Wallace:etal1996,
11196     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace and Y. Zhang and L. Bajuk},
11197     TITLE = {{Interpretation of interdecadal trends in Northern
11198     Hemisphere surface air temperature}},
11199     JOURNAL = jc,
11200     VOLUME = {9},
11201     PAGES = {249-259},
11202     YEAR = 1996
11203     }
11204    
11205     @ARTICLE{Wallace1992,
11206     AUTHOR = {J. M. Wallace},
11207     TITLE = {{Effect of deep convection on the regulation of tropical sea
11208     surface temperature}},
11209     JOURNAL = {Nature},
11210     VOLUME = {357},
11211     PAGES = {230-231},
11212     YEAR = 1992
11213     }
11214    
11215     @ARTICLE{Wang:Li1993,
11216     AUTHOR = {Wang, B. and T. Li},
11217     TITLE = {{A simple tropical atmosphere model of relevance to
11218     short-term climate variations}},
11219     JOURNAL = jas,
11220     VOLUME = {50},
11221     PAGES = {260-284},
11222     YEAR = 1993
11223     }
11224    
11225     @ARTICLE{Wang:etal1995,
11226     AUTHOR = {Wang, B. and T. Li and P. Chang},
11227     TITLE = {{An intermediate model of the tropical Pacific Ocean}},
11228     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11229     VOLUME = {25},
11230     PAGES = {1577-1598},
11231     YEAR = 1995
11232     }
11233    
11234     @ARTICLE{Wang:etal1993,
11235     AUTHOR = {Wang, S. and B. A. Albrecht and P. Minnis},
11236     TITLE = {{A regional simulation of marine boundary layer clouds}},
11237     JOURNAL = jas,
11238     VOLUME = {50},
11239     PAGES = {4022-4043},
11240     YEAR = 1993
11241     }
11242    
11243     @ARTICLE{Weare1977,
11244     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11245     TITLE = {{Empirical orthogonal analysis of Atlantic Ocean surface temperatures}},
11246     JOURNAL = {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
11247     VOLUME = {103},
11248     PAGES = {467=478},
11249     YEAR = 1977
11250     }
11251    
11252     @ARTICLE{Weare1983,
11253     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11254     TITLE = {Interannual variation of net heating at the surface
11255     of the tropical {Pacific Ocean}},
11256     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11257     YEAR = {1983},
11258     VOLUME = {13},
11259     OPTNUMBER = {},
11260     PAGES = {873-885},
11261     OPTMONTH = {},
11262     OPTNOTE = {}
11263     }
11264    
11265     @ARTICLE{Weare1986,
11266     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11267     TITLE = {{A comparison of shallow water model results for three
11268     estimates of a composite El Ni\~no forcing}.},
11269     JOURNAL = jas,
11270     YEAR = {1986},
11271     VOLUME = {43},
11272     OPTNUMBER = {},
11273     PAGES = {162-170},
11274     OPTMONTH = {},
11275     OPTNOTE = {}
11276     }
11277    
11278     @ARTICLE{Weare1989,
11279     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C.},
11280     TITLE = {{Uncertainties in estimates of surface heat fluxes derived from marine reports over the tropical and subtropical oceans}},
11281     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
11282     VOLUME = {41A},
11283     PAGES = {357-370},
11284     YEAR = {1989}
11285     }
11286    
11287     @TECHREPORT{Weare:etal1980,
11288     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C. and P. T. Strub and M. D. Samuel},
11289     TITLE = {{Marine climate atlas of the tropical Pacific Ocean}},
11290     INSTITUTION = {Dept. of Land, Air and Water Resources},
11291     PAGES = {147},
11292     NUMBER = {20},
11293     YEAR = 1980,
11294     ADDRESS = {{University of California, Davis, 147pp.}}
11295     }
11296    
11297     @ARTICLE{Weare:etal1981,
11298     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C. and P. T. Strub and M. D. Samuel},
11299     TITLE = {Annual mean surface heat fluxes in the tropical
11300     Pacific Ocean},
11301     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11302     YEAR = {1981},
11303     VOLUME = {11},
11304     OPTNUMBER = {},
11305     PAGES = {705-717},
11306     OPTMONTH = {},
11307     OPTNOTE = {}
11308     }
11309    
11310     @ARTICLE{Weare:Strub1981,
11311     AUTHOR = {Weare, B. C. and P. T. Strub},
11312     TITLE = {The significance of sampling biases on calculated
11313     monthly mean oceanic surface heat fluxes},
11314     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
11315     YEAR = {1981},
11316     VOLUME = {33},
11317     OPTNUMBER = {},
11318     PAGES = {211-224},
11319     OPTMONTH = {},
11320     OPTNOTE = {}
11321     }
11322    
11323     @ARTICLE{Weaver:Sarachik1991a,
11324     AUTHOR = {Weaver, A. J. and E. S. Sarachik},
11325     TITLE = {Evidence for decadal variability in an ocean general
11326     circulation model: An advective mechanism},
11327     JOURNAL = {Atmos.-Ocean},
11328     YEAR = {1991},
11329     VOLUME = {29},
11330     OPTNUMBER = {},
11331     PAGES = {197-231},
11332     OPTMONTH = {},
11333     OPTNOTE = {}
11334     }
11335    
11336     @ARTICLE{Weaver:Sarachik1991b,
11337     AUTHOR = {Weaver, A. J. and E. S. Sarachik},
11338     TITLE = {The role of mixed boundary conditions in numerical
11339     models of the ocean's climate},
11340     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11341     YEAR = {1991},
11342     VOLUME = {21},
11343     OPTNUMBER = {},
11344     PAGES = {1470-1493},
11345     OPTMONTH = {},
11346     OPTNOTE = {}
11347     }
11348    
11349     @ARTICLE{Weaver:etal1993,
11350     AUTHOR = {Weaver, A. J. and J. Marotzke and P. F. Cummins and E. S. Sarachik},
11351     TITLE = {Stability and variability of the thermohaline circulation},
11352     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11353     YEAR = {1993},
11354     VOLUME = {23},
11355     OPTNUMBER = {},
11356     PAGES = {39-60},
11357     OPTMONTH = {},
11358     OPTNOTE = {}
11359     }
11360    
11361     @ARTICLE{Webster:Stephens1980,
11362     AUTHOR = {Webster, P. J. and G. L. Stephens},
11363     TITLE = {{Tropical upper atmosphere extended clouds: Inferences
11364     from Winter MONEX}},
11365     JOURNAL = jas,
11366     YEAR = {1980},
11367     VOLUME = {37},
11368     OPTNUMBER = {},
11369     PAGES = {1521-1541},
11370     OPTMONTH = {},
11371     OPTNOTE = {}
11372     }
11373    
11374     @ARTICLE{Webster:Chang1988,
11375     AUTHOR = {Webster, P. J. and H.-R. Chang},
11376     TITLE = {{Equatorial energy accumulation and emmanation
11377     regions: Impacts of a zonally varying basic state}},
11378     JOURNAL = jas,
11379     YEAR = {1988},
11380     VOLUME = {45},
11381     OPTNUMBER = {},
11382     PAGES = {803-829},
11383     OPTMONTH = {},
11384     OPTNOTE = {}
11385     }
11386    
11387     @ARTICLE{Webster:Lukas1992,
11388     AUTHOR = {Webster, P. J. and R. Lukas},
11389     TITLE = {{TOGA COARE: the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment}},
11390     JOURNAL = {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
11391     YEAR = {1992},
11392     VOLUME = {73},
11393     OPTNUMBER = {},
11394     PAGES = {1377-1416},
11395     OPTMONTH = {},
11396     OPTNOTE = {}
11397     }
11398    
11399     @ARTICLE{Weickmann:Khalsa1990,
11400     AUTHOR = {Weickmann, K. M. and S. J. S. Khalsa},
11401     TITLE = {{The shift of convection from the Indian Ocean to the
11402     Western Pacific Ocean during a 30-60 oscillation}},
11403     JOURNAL = mwr,
11404     YEAR = {1990},
11405     VOLUME = {118},
11406     OPTNUMBER = {},
11407     PAGES = {964-978},
11408     OPTMONTH = {},
11409     OPTNOTE = {}
11410     }
11411    
11412     @ARTICLE{Weingartner:Weisberg1991a,
11413     AUTHOR = {T.J. Weingartner and R.H. Weisberg},
11414     TITLE = {On the annual cycle of equatorial upwelling in the
11415     central Atlantic Ocean.},
11416     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11417     YEAR = {1991a},
11418     VOLUME = {21},
11419     OPTNUMBER = {},
11420     PAGES = {68-82},
11421     OPTMONTH = {},
11422     OPTNOTE = {}
11423     }
11424    
11425     @ARTICLE{Weingartner:Weisberg1991b,
11426     AUTHOR = {T.J. Weingartner and R.H. Weisberg},
11427     TITLE = {A description of the annual cycle in sea surface
11428     temperature and upper ocean heat in the equatorial Atlantic.},
11429     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr},
11430     YEAR = {1991b},
11431     VOLUME = {21},
11432     OPTNUMBER = {},
11433     PAGES = {83-96},
11434     OPTMONTH = {},
11435     OPTNOTE = {}
11436     }
11437    
11438     @ARTICLE{Wells1987,
11439     AUTHOR = {Lisa E. Wells},
11440     TITLE = {An Alluvial Record of {El Ni\~no} Events from
11441     Northern Coastal Peru},
11442     JOURNAL = jgr,
11443     YEAR = 1987,
11444     VOLUME = 92,
11445     NUMBER = {C13},
11446     PAGES = {14,463-14,470},
11447     MONTH = {December},
11448     KEYWORDS = {El Ni\~no, ancient, climate}
11449     }
11450    
11451     @INPROCEEDINGS{Wells1991,
11452     AUTHOR = {Lisa E. Wells and M. Moore and R. Fairbanks},
11453     TITLE = {Climate Variability of the Indonesian Low and
11454     Southern Oscillation Reconstructed from the
11455     Geochemistry of Annually-Banded Reef Corals},
11456     BOOKTITLE = {XVII Pacific Science Congress: Honolulu HI, 27 May
11457     to 2 Jun 1991. Symposium is Paleoclimate and
11458     prehistory of the lowland tropics},
11459     YEAR = 1991,
11460     KEYWORDS = {El Nino, ancient, climate}
11461     }
11462    
11463     @ARTICLE{White:Pazan1987,
11464     AUTHOR = {White, W.B. and S.E. Pazan},
11465     TITLE = {{Hindcast/forecasts of ENSO events based upon the redistribution of observed and model heat content in the western tropical Pacific, 1964-1986.}},
11466     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11467     VOLUME = {17},
11468     PAGES = {264-280},
11469     YEAR = {1987}
11470     }
11471    
11472     @ARTICLE{White:etal1985,
11473     AUTHOR = {White, W.B. and G. Meyers And J.R. Donguy and S. Pazan},
11474     TITLE = {{Short-therm climatic variability in the thermal structure of the Pacific Ocean during 1979-1982}},
11475     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11476     VOLUME = {15},
11477     PAGES = {917-935},
11478     YEAR = {1985}
11479     }
11480    
11481     @ARTICLE{Whysall:etal1987,
11482     AUTHOR = {Whysall, K.D.B. and N.S. Cooper and G.R. Bigg},
11483     TITLE = {Long term changes in the tropical {Pacific} surface
11484     wind field},
11485     JOURNAL = {Nature},
11486     YEAR = {1987},
11487     VOLUME = {327},
11488     OPTNUMBER = {},
11489     PAGES = {216-219},
11490     OPTMONTH = {},
11491     OPTNOTE = {}
11492     }
11493    
11494     @ARTICLE{Wijesekera:Dillon1991,
11495     AUTHOR = {Hemantha W. Wijesekera and Thomas M. Dillon},
11496     TITLE = {Internal waves and mixing in the upper equatorial {Pacific}
11497     ocean.},
11498     JOURNAL = jgr,
11499     YEAR = 1991,
11500     VOLUME = 96,
11501     NUMBER = {C4},
11502     PAGES = {7155-7125}
11503     }
11504    
11505     @ARTICLE{Wild:etal1995,
11506     AUTHOR = {Wild, M. and A. Ohmura and H. Gilgen and E. Roeckner},
11507     TITLE = {{Validation of general circulation model radiative
11508     fluxes using surface observations}},
11509     JOURNAL = jc,
11510     YEAR = {1995},
11511     VOLUME = {8},
11512     NUMBER = {},
11513     PAGES = {1309-1324}
11514     }
11515    
11516     @ARTICLE{Williams:Renno1993,
11517     AUTHOR = {Williams, E. and N. Renno},
11518     TITLE = {{An analysis of the conditional instability of the
11519     tropical atmosphere}},
11520     JOURNAL = mwr,
11521     YEAR = {1993},
11522     VOLUME = {121},
11523     NUMBER = {},
11524     PAGES = {21-36}
11525     }
11526    
11527     @ARTICLE{Winton:Sarachik1993,
11528     AUTHOR = {Winton, M. and E. S. Sarachik},
11529     TITLE = {{Thermohaline oscillations induced by strong steady
11530     salinity forcings of ocean general circulation models}},
11531     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11532     YEAR = {1993},
11533     VOLUME = {23},
11534     NUMBER = {},
11535     PAGES = {1389-1410}
11536     }
11537    
11538     @ARTICLE{Witter:Chelton1998,
11539     AUTHOR = {Witter, D. L. and D. B. Chelton},
11540     TITLE = {{Eddy-mean flow interaction in zonal oceanic jet flow
11541     along zonal ridge topography}},
11542     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11543     YEAR = {1998},
11544     VOLUME = {28},
11545     NUMBER = {},
11546     PAGES = {2019-2039}
11547     }
11548    
11549     @ARTICLE{Wolter1989,
11550     AUTHOR = {Wolter, K.},
11551     TITLE = {{Modes of tropical circulation, Southern Oscillation, and Sahel rainfall anomalies}},
11552     JOURNAL = jc,
11553     VOLUME = {8},
11554     PAGES = {149-172},
11555     YEAR = {1989}
11556     }
11557    
11558     @ARTICLE{Woodruff:etal1987,
11559     AUTHOR = {Woodruff, S.D. and R.J. Slutz And R.L. Jenne and P.M. Steurer},
11560     TITLE = {{A comprehensive ocean-atmosphere data set}},
11561     JOURNAL = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.},
11562     VOLUME = {68},
11563     PAGES = {521-527},
11564     YEAR = {1987}
11565     }
11566    
11567     @ARTICLE{Wright1985,
11568     AUTHOR = {Peter B. Wright},
11569     TITLE = {{The Southern Oscillation: An Ocean-Atmosphere Feedback System?}},
11570     JOURNAL = {P. Bull. Am. met. Soc.},
11571     VOLUME = {66},
11572     PAGES = {398-412},
11573     YEAR = {1985}
11574     }
11575    
11576     @ARTICLE{Wright1986,
11577     AUTHOR = {P.B. Wright},
11578     TITLE = {{Precursers of the Southern Oscillation.}},
11579     JOURNAL = {J. Climatol.},
11580     YEAR = {1986},
11581     VOLUME = {6},
11582     OPTNUMBER = {},
11583     PAGES = {17-30},
11584     OPTMONTH = {},
11585     OPTNOTE = {}
11586     }
11587    
11588     @ARTICLE{Wright:Thompson1983,
11589     AUTHOR = {Wright, D.G. and K.R. Thompson},
11590     TITLE = {{Time-averaged forms of the nonlinear stress law}},
11591     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11592     VOLUME = {13},
11593     PAGES = {341-345},
11594     YEAR = {1983}
11595     }
11596    
11597     @ARTICLE{Wunsch1968:On,
11598     AUTHOR = {Carl Wunsch},
11599     TITLE = {On the propagation of internal waves up a slope},
11600     JOURNAL = {Deep-Sea Res.},
11601     YEAR = 1968,
11602     VOLUME = 15,
11603     PAGES = {251-258},
11604     KEYWORDS = {internal waves, sloping bottom}
11605     }
11606    
11607     @ARTICLE{Wunsch1968:Pro,
11608     AUTHOR = {Carl Wunsch},
11609     TITLE = {Progresive internal waves on slopes},
11610     JOURNAL = {J. Fluid Mech.},
11611     YEAR = 1968,
11612     VOLUME = 35,
11613     NUMBER = 1,
11614     PAGES = {131-144},
11615     KEYWORDS = {internal waves, sloping bottom}
11616     }
11617    
11618     @ARTICLE{Wunsch1988,
11619     AUTHOR = {Wunsch, C.},
11620     TITLE = {{Eclectic modelling of the North Atlantic, Part 2: Transient tracers and the ventilation of the eastern basin thermocline}},
11621     JOURNAL = {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.},
11622     VOLUME = {A325},
11623     PAGES = {207-236},
11624     YEAR = {1988}
11625     }
11626    
11627     @INCOLLECTION{Wunsch1989,
11628     AUTHOR = {Carl Wunsch},
11629     TITLE = {Using Data with Models: Ill-Posed and Time-Dependent
11630     Ill-Posed Problems},
11631     BOOKTITLE = {Tomograhie Geophysique,/Geophysical tomography},
11632     PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Scient Publishers B. V.},
11633     YEAR = 1989,
11634     EDITOR = {Y. Desaubies and A. Tarantola and J. Zinn-Justin}
11635     }
11636    
11637     @ARTICLE{Wylie:Hinton1981,
11638     AUTHOR = {Wylie, D.P. and B.B. Hinton},
11639     TITLE = {{The feasibility of estimating large-scale surface wind fields for the summer MONEX using cloud motions and ship data}},
11640     JOURNAL = {Bound.-Layer Meteor.},
11641     VOLUME = {21},
11642     PAGES = {357-367},
11643     YEAR = {1981}
11644     }
11645    
11646     @BOOK{Wyrtki1961,
11647     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11648     TITLE = {{Physical Oceanography of the woutheast Asain waters}},
11649     PAGES = {195},
11650     YEAR = {1961},
11651     PUBLISHER = {{NAGA Rep. 2, University of CA, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. La Jolla, CA.}}
11652     }
11653    
11654     @ARTICLE{Wyrtki1975,
11655     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11656     TITLE = {{El Ni\~no -- The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing}},
11657     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11658     VOLUME = {5},
11659     PAGES = {572-84},
11660     YEAR = {1975}
11661     }
11662    
11663     @ARTICLE{Wyrtki1979,
11664     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11665     TITLE = {{The response of sea surface topography to the 1976 El Ni\~no}},
11666     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11667     VOLUME = {9},
11668     PAGES = {1223-1231},
11669     YEAR = {1979}
11670     }
11671    
11672     @ARTICLE{Wyrtki1987,
11673     AUTHOR = {Wyrtki, K.},
11674     TITLE = {{Indonesian through flow and the associated pressure graident}},
11675     JOURNAL = jgr,
11676     VOLUME = {92},
11677     PAGES = {12941-12946},
11678     YEAR = {1987}
11679     }
11680    
11681     @ARTICLE{Xie:Tanimoto1998,
11682     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P. and Y. Tanimoto}},
11683     TITLE = {{A pan-Atlantic decadal climate oscillation}},
11684     JOURNAL = {Geophys. Res. Letters},
11685     YEAR = {1998},
11686     VOLUME = {25},
11687     PAGES = {2185-2188}
11688     }
11689    
11690     @ARTICLE{Xie:Philander1994,
11691     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P. and S.G.H. Philander}},
11692     TITLE = {{A coupled ocean-atmosphere model of relevance to the
11693     ITCZ in the eastern Pacific}},
11694     JOURNAL = {Tellus},
11695     YEAR = {1994},
11696     VOLUME = {46A},
11697     PAGES = {340-350}
11698     }
11699    
11700     @ARTICLE{Xie1999,
11701     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P.}},
11702     TITLE = {{A dynamic ocean-atmosphere model of the tropical
11703     Atlantic decadal variability}},
11704     JOURNAL = jc,
11705     YEAR = {1999},
11706     VOLUME = {12},
11707     PAGES = {64-70}
11708     }
11709    
11710     @ARTICLE{Xie:etal2000,
11711     AUTHOR = {{Xie, S.-P. and T. Kunitani and A. Kubokawa and M. Nonaka and S. Hosada}},
11712     TITLE = {{Interdecadal thermocline variability in the North Pacific for 1958-97: A GCM simulation}},
11713     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11714     YEAR = {2000},
11715     VOLUME = {30},
11716     PAGES = {2798-2813}
11717     }
11718    
11719     @ARTICLE{Xu:etal1997,
11720     AUTHOR = {{Xu, W., T.P. Barnett and M. Latif}},
11721     TITLE = {{Decadal variability in the North
11722     Pacific as simulated by a hybrid coupled model}},
11723     JOURNAL = {J. Climate, submitted},
11724     YEAR = {1997},
11725     VOLUME = {},
11726     PAGES = {}
11727     }
11728    
11729     @TECHREPORT{Xu1990,
11730     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu},
11731     TITLE = {On the relationship between the stratospheric {QBO}
11732     and the tropospheric {SO}},
11733     INSTITUTION = {{Max-Plank-Institut {f\"ur} Meteorologie}},
11734     YEAR = {1990},
11735     OPTTYPE = {},
11736     NUMBER = {48},
11737     OPTADDRESS = {},
11738     MONTH = {March},
11739     OPTNOTE = {}
11740     }
11741    
11742     @UNPUBLISHED{Xu1991,
11743     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu},
11744     TITLE = {Analysis and Prediction of the {El Ni\~no} {Southern
11745     Oscillation} Phenomenon using {Principal} {Oscillation}
11746     {Pattern} Analysis},
11747     NOTE = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Meteorologie},
11748     KEYWORDS = {ENSO, POP, climate prediction},
11749     OPTYEAR = {},
11750     OPTMONTH = {}
11751     }
11752    
11753     @TECHREPORT{Xu:Storch1989,
11754     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu and Han von Storch},
11755     TITLE = {{Principal Oscillation Pattern--Prediction} of the
11756     state of {ENSO}},
11757     INSTITUTION = {{Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Meteorologie}},
11758     YEAR = {1989},
11759     OPTTYPE = {},
11760     NUMBER = {35},
11761     OPTADDRESS = {},
11762     OPTMONTH = {},
11763     OPTNOTE = {}
11764     }
11765    
11766     @ARTICLE{Xu:Storch1990,
11767     AUTHOR = {Jin-Song Xu and Han von Storch},
11768     TITLE = {Predicting the state of the {Southern Oscillation}
11769     using principal oscillation pattern analysis},
11770     JOURNAL = jc,
11771     YEAR = {1990},
11772     VOLUME = {3},
11773     OPTNUMBER = {},
11774     PAGES = {1316-1329},
11775     OPTNOTE = {}
11776     }
11777    
11778     @ARTICLE{Xu:Emanuel1989,
11779     AUTHOR = {Xu, K-M and K. A. Emanuel},
11780     TITLE = {Is the tropical atmosphere conditionally unstable?},
11781     JOURNAL = mwr,
11782     YEAR = {1989},
11783     VOLUME = {117},
11784     OPTNUMBER = {},
11785     PAGES = {1471-1479},
11786     OPTNOTE = {}
11787     }
11788    
11789     @ARTICLE{Yanai:etal1973,
11790     AUTHOR = {Yanai, M. and S. K. Esbensen and J.-H. Chu},
11791     TITLE = {{Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters
11792     from large-scale heat and moisture budgets}},
11793     JOURNAL = jas,
11794     VOLUME = {30},
11795     PAGES = {611-627},
11796     YEAR = {1973}
11797     }
11798    
11799     @ARTICLE{Yano:Emanuel1991,
11800     AUTHOR = {J. Yano and K. A. Emanuel},
11801     TITLE = {{An improved model of the equatorial troposphere and its
11802     coupling with the stratosphere}},
11803     JOURNAL = jas,
11804     VOLUME = {48},
11805     PAGES = {377-389},
11806     YEAR = {1991}
11807     }
11808    
11809     @ARTICLE{Yakhot:Orszag1986,
11810     AUTHOR = {Yakhot, V. and S.A. Orszag},
11811     TITLE = {{Renormalization group analysis of turbulence: I. Basic Theory}},
11812     JOURNAL = {J. Sci. Comp.},
11813     VOLUME = {1},
11814     PAGES = {3-51},
11815     YEAR = {1986}
11816     }
11817    
11818     @ARTICLE{Yamada:Sekine1997,
11819     AUTHOR = {F. Yamada and Y. Sekine},
11820     TITLE = {{Variations on sea surface temperature and 500hPa height
11821     over the North Pacific with reference to the
11822     occurence of anomalous southward Oyashio intrusion
11823     east of Japan}},
11824     JOURNAL = {J. Meteor. Soc. Japan},
11825     VOLUME = {75},
11826     PAGES = {995-1000},
11827     YEAR = {1997}
11828     }
11829    
11830     @ARTICLE{Yin:Battisti2000,
11831     AUTHOR = {J. H. Yin and D. S. Battisti},
11832     TITLE = {{The importance of tropical sea surface temperature patterns
11833     in simulations of Last Glacial Maximum climate}},
11834     JOURNAL = jc,
11835     VOLUME = {},
11836     PAGES = {},
11837     YEAR = {2000},
11838     NOTE = {In press}
11839     }
11840    
11841     @ARTICLE{Yoo:Carton1988,
11842     AUTHOR = {Yoo, J.M. and J.A. Carton},
11843     TITLE = {{Spatial dependence of the relationship between rainfall and outgoing longwave radiation}},
11844     JOURNAL = {J. C.imate},
11845     VOLUME = {1},
11846     PAGES = {1047-1054},
11847     YEAR = {1988}
11848     }
11849    
11850     @ARTICLE{Yoo:Carton1990,
11851     AUTHOR = {Yoo, J.-M. and J.A. Carton},
11852     TITLE = {{Annual and interannual variation of the freshwater budget in tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea}},
11853     JOURNAL = jc,
11854     VOLUME = {in preparation},
11855     YEAR = {1990}
11856     }
11857    
11858     @INCOLLECTION{Young1987,
11859     AUTHOR = {J. A. Young},
11860     TITLE = {Boundary layer dynamics of tropical and monsoonal flows},
11861     BOOKTITLE = {Monsoon Meteorology},
11862     PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
11863     YEAR = 1987,
11864     EDITOR = {{C.-P. Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti}},
11865     PAGES = {461-500}
11866     }
11867    
11868     @ARTICLE{Young:etal1995,
11869     AUTHOR = {G. S. Young and S. M. Perugini and C. W. Fairall},
11870     TITLE = {{Convective wakes in the equatorial western Pacific
11871     during TOGA COARE}},
11872     JOURNAL = mwr,
11873     YEAR = {1995},
11874     VOLUME = {123},
11875     OPTNUMBER = {},
11876     PAGES = {110-123},
11877     OPTMONTH = {},
11878     OPTNOTE = {}
11879     }
11880    
11881     @ARTICLE{Yu:Neelin1993,
11882     AUTHOR = {J-Y Yu and J. D. Neelin},
11883     TITLE = {{Modes of tropical variability under convective
11884     adjustment and the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Part
11885     II: Numerical results}},
11886     JOURNAL = jas,
11887     YEAR = {1993},
11888     VOLUME = {},
11889     OPTNUMBER = {},
11890     PAGES = {submitted},
11891     OPTMONTH = {},
11892     OPTNOTE = {}
11893     }
11894    
11895     @ARTICLE{Yuan:Martinson2000,
11896     AUTHOR = {X. Yuan and D. G. Martinson},
11897     TITLE = {{Antarctic sea ice extent variability and it global connectivity}},
11898     JOURNAL = jc,
11899     YEAR = {2000},
11900     VOLUME = {13},
11901     OPTNUMBER = {},
11902     PAGES = {1697-1717},
11903     OPTMONTH = {},
11904     OPTNOTE = {}
11905     }
11906    
11907     @INCOLLECTION{Zav'yalova1986,
11908     AUTHOR = {Zav'yalova, I.N.},
11909     TITLE = {{Humidity of air in Antarctica.}},
11910     EDITOR = {I.M. Dolgin},
11911     BOOKTITLE = {{Climate of Antarctic}},
11912     PAGES = {92-101},
11913     YEAR = {1986},
11914     PUBLISHER = {A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam}
11915     }
11916    
11917     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1982,
11918     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E.},
11919     TITLE = {A simple atmospheric model of relevance to {El Ni\~no}.},
11920     JOURNAL = jas,
11921     YEAR = {1982},
11922     VOLUME = {39},
11923     OPTNUMBER = {},
11924     PAGES = {2017-2027},
11925     OPTMONTH = {},
11926     OPTNOTE = {}
11927     }
11928    
11929     @BOOK{Zebiak1984,
11930     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E.},
11931     TITLE = {{Tropical atmosphere-ocean interaction interaction and the El Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation phenomenon.}},
11932     PAGES = {261},
11933     YEAR = {1984},
11934     PUBLISHER = {{Ph.D. thesis, M.I.T.}}
11935     }
11936    
11937     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1986,
11938     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E.},
11939     TITLE = {{Atmospheric convergence feedback in a simple model
11940     for El Ni\~no}},
11941     JOURNAL = mwr,
11942     YEAR = {1986},
11943     VOLUME = {114},
11944     OPTNUMBER = {},
11945     PAGES = {1263-1271},
11946     OPTMONTH = {},
11947     OPTNOTE = {}
11948     }
11949    
11950     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1989:Ill,
11951     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11952     TITLE = {{Ill Wind}},
11953     JOURNAL = {The Sciences},
11954     VOLUME = {29},
11955     PAGES = {26-31},
11956     YEAR = {1989}
11957     }
11958    
11959     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1989,
11960     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11961     TITLE = {{Oceanic heat content variability and El Ni\~no cycles}},
11962     JOURNAL = {J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
11963     VOLUME = {19},
11964     PAGES = {475-486},
11965     YEAR = {1989}
11966     }
11967    
11968     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1989:On,
11969     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11970     TITLE = {{On the 30-60 day oscillation and the prediction of El Ni\~no.}},
11971     JOURNAL = jc,
11972     VOLUME = {2},
11973     PAGES = {1381-1387},
11974     YEAR = {1989}
11975     }
11976    
11977     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1990,
11978     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11979     TITLE = {{Diagnostic Studies of Pacific Surface Winds}},
11980     JOURNAL = jc,
11981     VOLUME = {3},
11982     PAGES = {1016-1031},
11983     YEAR = {1990}
11984     }
11985    
11986     @ARTICLE{Zebiak1993,
11987     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak},
11988     TITLE = {{Air-sea interaction in the equatorial Atlantic region}},
11989     JOURNAL = jc,
11990     VOLUME = {6},
11991     PAGES = {1567-1586},
11992     YEAR = {1993}
11993     }
11994    
11995     @ARTICLE{Zebiak:Cane1987,
11996     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E. and M. A. Cane},
11997     TITLE = {{A model El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation}},
11998     JOURNAL = mwr,
11999     VOLUME = {115},
12000     PAGES = {2262-2278},
12001     YEAR = {1987}
12002     }
12003    
12004     @INCOLLECTION{Zebiak:Cane1988,
12005     AUTHOR = {Stephen E. Zebiak and Mark A. Cane},
12006     TITLE = {Diagnostic studies of a coupled model's climate variability.},
12007     EDITOR = {David R. Rodenhuis},
12008     BOOKTITLE = {{Proceedings of the 13th Climate Diagnostics Workshop,
12009     Oct. 31-Nov. 4, 1988}},
12010     YEAR = {1988},
12011     PUBLISHER = {NOAA}
12012     }
12013    
12014     @INCOLLECTION{Zebiak:Cane1989,
12015     AUTHOR = {Zebiak, S. E. and M. A. Cane},
12016     TITLE = {{Natural climate variability in a coupled model.}},
12017     EDITOR = {Michael E. Schlesinger},
12018     BOOKTITLE = {{{\rm Workshop on} Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations}},
12019     YEAR = {1989},
12020     PAGES = {457-469},
12021     PUBLISHER = {Oregon State University}
12022     }
12023    
12024     @ARTICLE{Zeng:etal1999,
12025     AUTHOR = {Zeng, N. and J. D. Neelin and C. Chou},
12026     TITLE = {The first quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model -
12027     implementation and simulation},
12028     JOURNAL = jas,
12029     VOLUME = {},
12030     PAGES = {},
12031     NOTE = {submitted},
12032     YEAR = {1999}
12033     }
12034    
12035     @ARTICLE{Zhang:etal1997,
12036     AUTHOR = {Zhang, Y. and J. M. Wallace and D. S. Battisti},
12037     TITLE = {{ENSO-like decade-to-century scale variability: 1900-93}},
12038     JOURNAL = jc,
12039     VOLUME = {10},
12040     PAGES = {1004-1020},
12041     NOTE = {},
12042     YEAR = {1997}
12043     }
12044    
12045     @ARTICLE{Zhang:etal1996,
12046     AUTHOR = {Zhang, Y. and J. M. Wallace and N. Iwasaka},
12047     TITLE = {{Is climate variability over the North Pacific a linear
12048     response to ENSO?}},
12049     JOURNAL = jc,
12050     VOLUME = {9},
12051     PAGES = {1468-1478},
12052     NOTE = {},
12053     YEAR = {1996}
12054     }
12055    
12056     @UNPUBLISHED{Zhao:etal1989,
12057     AUTHOR = {Zhao, Y. and S.E. Zebiak and Mark A. Cane},
12058     TITLE = {{Climate variability over several centuries as revealed in a coupled model and ice core reconstructions}},
12059     JOURNAL = {},
12060     YEAR = {1989}
12061     }
12062    
12063     @ARTICLE{Zhao:etal1991,
12064     AUTHOR = {Zhao, Y and M. Cane and S.E. Zebiak},
12065     TITLE = {{Comparison of El Ni\~no as recorded in the Quelccaya
12066     ice-cap and a coupled dynamical model}},
12067     JOURNAL = {in preparation},
12068     YEAR = {1991},
12069     OPTVOLUME = {},
12070     OPTNUMBER = {},
12071     OPTPAGES = {},
12072     OPTMONTH = {},
12073     OPTNOTE = {}
12074     }
12075    
12076     @ARTICLE{Zhao:Cane1995,
12077     AUTHOR = {Zhao, Y and M. A. Cane},
12078     TITLE = {{The influence of vertical resolution on ocean mixed
12079     layer parameterizations}},
12080     JOURNAL = {To be submitted},
12081     YEAR = {1995},
12082     OPTVOLUME = {},
12083     OPTNUMBER = {},
12084     OPTPAGES = {},
12085     OPTMONTH = {},
12086     OPTNOTE = {}
12087     }
12088    
12089     @ARTICLE{Zwiers:Boer1987,
12090     AUTHOR = {Zwiers, F. W. and G. J. Boer},
12091     TITLE = {{A comparison of climates simulated by a general
12092     circulation model when run in the annual cycle and
12093     perpetual modes}},
12094     JOURNAL = mwr,
12095     YEAR = {1987},
12096     VOLUME = {115},
12097     OPTNUMBER = {},
12098     PAGES = {2626-2644},
12099     OPTMONTH = {},
12100     OPTNOTE = {}
12101     }
12102    
12103     @ARTICLE{andreas1985,
12104     AUTHOR = {E. L. Andreas},
12105     TITLE = {{Heat and moisture advection over Antarctic sea ice}},
12106     JOURNAL = mwr,
12107     VOLUME = {113},
12108     PAGES = {736-746},
12109     YEAR = {1985}
12110     }
12111    
12112     @INCOLLECTION{deVerdiere1981,
12113     AUTHOR = {de Verdiere, A.C.},
12114     TITLE = {{C. Observations and mechanisms of meridional heat transfer by mesoscale eddies.}},
12115     EDITOR = {Eric B. Kraus and Mich\`ele Fleux},
12116     BOOKTITLE = {{NATO Advanced Research Institute; Large Scale Transport of Heat and Matter in the Ocean}},
12117     PAGES = {99-104},
12118     YEAR = {1981},
12119     PUBLISHER = {Laboratoire D'Oceanographie Physique du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle de Paris}
12120     }
12121    
12122     @ARTICLE{deVerdiere1986,
12123     AUTHOR = {de Verdiere, A.},
12124     TITLE = {{On mean flow instabilities within the planetary geostrophic equations}},
12125     JOURNAL = jpo,
12126     VOLUME = {16},
12127     PAGES = {1981-1984},
12128     YEAR = {1986}
12129     }
12130    
12131     @ARTICLE{deVerdiere1988,
12132     AUTHOR = {de Verdiere, A.C.},
12133     TITLE = {{Buoyancy driven planetary flows}},
12134     JOURNAL = jmr,
12135     VOLUME = {46},
12136     PAGES = {215-265},
12137     YEAR = {1988}
12138     }
12139    
12140     @ARTICLE{duPenhoat:Cane1991,
12141     AUTHOR = {du Penhoat Y. and M.A. Cane},
12142     TITLE = {Effect of Low-Latitude {Western} Gaps on the
12143     Reflection of Equatorial Motions },
12144     JOURNAL = jgr,
12145     YEAR = {1991},
12146     VOLUME = {96},
12147     OPTNUMBER = {},
12148     PAGES = {3307-3322},
12149     OPTMONTH = {},
12150     OPTNOTE = {}
12151     }
12152    
12153     @ARTICLE{duPenhoat:Treguier1985,
12154     AUTHOR = {du Penhoat, Y and A.M. Treguier},
12155     TITLE = {{The seasonal linear response of the tropical Atlantic ocean}},
12156     JOURNAL = jpo,
12157     VOLUME = {15},
12158     PAGES = {316-329},
12159     YEAR = {1985}
12160     }
12161    
12162     @INCOLLECTION{duPenhoat:etal1983,
12163     AUTHOR = {du Penhoat, Y. and Mark A. Cane and R.J. Patton},
12164     TITLE = {{Reflections of low frequency equatorial waves on partial boundaries. }},
12165     EDITOR = {JCL Nihoul},
12166     BOOKTITLE = {{Hydrodynamics of the Equatorial Ocean, Memories Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 6e series Tome XI}},
12167     PAGES = {237-358},
12168     YEAR = {1983},
12169     PUBLISHER = {Elsevier}
12170     }

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