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@Book{Pedlosky:1986,
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@Book{Worthington:1976,
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@Article{adcroft01:_geoth_heating_global_ocean_circul,
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@Article{adcroft98:_slippery_coast,
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@TechReport{au9309,
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@TechReport{au9404,
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@TechReport{au9407,
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  title =        {{A}urora {A}ustralis Marine Science Cruise {AU9407}
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  year =         1995,
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@TechReport{au9604,
  author =       {Mark Rosenberg and Stephen Bray and Nathan Bindoff
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@Unpublished{barnard:_dynamo,
  author =       {Sally Barnard and Bernard Barnier and Aike Beckmann
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@Article{beckmann97,
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@Article{beismann04,
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@InProceedings{chelton00,
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@misc{etopo5,
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@InProceedings{fu96:_circul_variab_south_atlantic_ocean,
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@Article{gavart:97,
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@Misc{gebco,
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@Misc{gebco03,
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@Article{gnanadesikan06,
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@Article{griffies01,
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@Book{haidvogel99:_numer_ocean_circul_model,
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@Book{haltiner80,
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@Article{hasselmann93:_fingerprints,
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@Article{hasselmann98,
  author =       {Klaus Hasselmann},
  title =        {Conventional and {B}ayesian Approach to
                  Climate-Change Detection and Attribution},
  journal =      qjrms,
  year =         1998,
  volume =       124,
  number =       552,
  abstract =     {The conventional multi-variate, multi-fingerprint
                  theory of climate-change detection and attribution,
                  expressed in terms of existing frequency
                  distributions, is reviewed and generalized to a
                  Bayesian approach based on subjective
                  probabilities. Bayesian statistics enable a
                  quantitive determination of the impact of
                  climate-change detection tests on prior subjective
                  assessments of the probability of an externally
                  forced climate change. The Bayesian method also
                  provides a potentially powerful tool for enhancing
                  statistical detection and attribution tests by
                  combining a number of different climate-change
                  indicators that are not amenable to standard
                  signal-to-noise analyses because of inadequate
                  information on the associated natural-variability
                  statistics. The relation between the conventional
                  and Bayesian approach is illustrated by examples
                  taken from recent conventional analyses of
                  climate-change detection and attribution for three
                  cases of climate-change forcing by increasing
                  greenhouse-gas concentrations, increasing
                  greenhouse-gas and aerosol concentrations, and
                  variations in solar insolation. The enhancement of
                  detection and attribution levels through a joint
                  Bayesian analysis of a number of different
                  climate-change indices is demonstrated in a further
                  example. However, this advantage of the Bayesian
                  approach can be achieved only within the framework
                  of a subjective rather than objective analysis. The
                  conventional and Bayesian approach both exhibit
                  specific advantages and shortcomings, so that a
                  parallel application of both methods is probably the
                  most promising detection and attribution strategy.}
}

@Article{hellerman_rosenstein:1983,
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                  H. van den Dool and R. Jenne and M. Fiorino},
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  address =      {Singapore}
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  title =        {Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and
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  institution =  {CGD Division of the National Center for Atmospheric
                  Research},
  year =         2004,
  address =      {Boulder, CO},
  number =       {NCAR/TN-460+STR}
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                  {W}orkshop",
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  organization = "Max-Planck-Institut f{\"ur} Plasmaphysik"
}

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  doi =          {10.1007/s11001-005-2095-4}
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  number =       {C2},
  pages =        {2723--2741}
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@Article{mcdougall:88,
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  institution =  {UNESCO},
  year =         1978,
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Millero, F. J., 1978: Annex 6, freezing point of seawater. Unesco Tech. Papers in the Marine Sciences, 28, 29-35.  
@Article{mosby34,
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  journal =      {Scientific Research of the Norwegian Antarctic
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@Book{olbers92,
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  author =       {Dirk Olbers and Victor Gouretski and Guntram Seiss
                  and Jens Schr{\"o}ter},
  year =         {1992},
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                  Meeresforschung},
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  address =      {Bremerhaven, Germany}
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@Article{orsi95:_merid_extent_fronts_acc,
  author =       {Alejandro H. Orsi and Whitworth, III, Thomas and
                  Nowlin, Jr., Worth D. },
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  number =       5,
  pages =        {641--673}
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@TechReport{pacanowski95:_mom_docum,
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                  manual)},
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  year =         1995,
  type =         {GFDL Ocean Technical Reports},
  number =       3
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  number =       12,
  pages =        {3248--3270},
  doi =          {0.1175/1520-0493(1998)126}
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@Book{pedlosky96:_ocean_circul_theory,
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  pages =        453
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. 


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                  between the Eddy Flows Simulated by Sigma- and
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  number =       1,
  pages =        {122--137}
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@Article{power94,
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                  of ocean general circulation models to high-latitude
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  volume =       {A 46},
  number =       1,
  pages =        {86--95.doi:10.1034/j.1600-0870.1994.00008.x}
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&TechReport{morgan94,
  author =       {Phillip P. Morgan},
  title =        {SEAWATER, A Library of MATLAB Computational Routines
                  for the Properties of Sea Water},
  institution =  {CSIRO Marine Laboratories Report 222},
  year =         1994,
  pages =        {29pp.}
}

@Article{rahmstorf96,
  author =       {Stefan Rahmstorf},
  title =        {Comments on ``{I}nstability of the Thermohaline
                  Circulation with Respect to Mixed Boundary
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                  Models?''},
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  volume =       26,
  number =       6,
  pages =        {1099--1105}
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@Article{read93:_struc_trans_antar_circum_curren,
  author =       {J. F. Read and R.T. Pollard},
  title =        {Structure and Transport of the {A}ntarctic
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  number =       {C7},
  pages =        {12281--12295}
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@InProceedings{redler:98,
  author =       "Ren{\'e} Redler and Karsten Ketelsen and Joachim
                  Dengg and Claus B{\"o}ning",
  title =        "A high-resolution numerical model for the
                  circulation of the {A}tlantic {O}cean",
  pages =        "95--108",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings in the Fourth European {SGI/CRAY MPP}
                  {W}orkshop",
  editor =       "H. Lederer and F. Hertweck",
  publisher =    {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Plasmaphysik},
  address =      {Garching, Germany},
  year =         1998,
  note =         {{\newline
                  http://www.rzg.mpg.de/mpp-workshop/papers/ipp-report.html}}
}

@InProceedings{rintoul00:_antar_circum_current_system,
  author =       {Stephen R. Rintoul and Chris Hughes and Dirk Olbers},
  title =        {The {A}ntarctic {C}ircumpolar {C}urrent System},
  booktitle =    {Ocean Circulation and Climate},
  year =         2000,
  editor =       {G. Siedler and J. Church and J. Gould},
  publisher =    {Academic Press},
  note =         {to be published}
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  volume =       105,
  number =       {C10},
  pages =        {23927--23942}
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@TechReport{sac_wtso:1998,
  author =       {Gouretski, V. V. and K. Jancke},
  title =        {{WOCE} {R}eport {N}o. 162/98},
  institution =  {{WHP} Special Analysis Center},
  year =         1998,
  number =       3,
  note =         {{\newline
                  http://www.dkrz.de/$\sim$u241046/SACserver/SACHome.htm}}
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@Book{salmon98:_geophysical_fluid_dynamics,
  author =       {Rick Salmon},
  title =        {Lectures on Geophysical Fluid Dynamics},
  publisher =    {Oxford University Press},
  year =         1998,
  address =      {New York}
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  author =       {Johan W. Sandstr{\"o}m},
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                  Meteorologie},
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  volume =       36,
  pages =        {6--23}
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@Article{saunders92:_trans_heat_fresh_fluxes_FRAM,
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  number =       3,
  pages =        {452--464}
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@Article{schauer04,
  author =       {U. Schauer and E. Fahrbach and S. {\O}sterhus and
                  G. Rohardt},
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                  Heat Transport from 3 Years of Measurements},
  journal =      jgr,
  year =         2004,
  volume =       109,
  number =       {C6},
  pages =        {doi:10.1029/2003JC001823},
  doi =          {10.1029/2003JC001823}
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@Article{schnur05,
  author =       {Reiner Schnur and Klaus Hasselmann},
  title =        {Optimal Filtering for {B}ayesian Detection and
                  Attribution of Climate Change},
  journal =      cdyn,
  year =         2005,
  volume =       24,
  pages =        {45--55},
  abstract =     {In the conventional approach to the detection of an
                  anthropogenic or other externally forced climate
                  change signal, optimal filters (fingerprints) are
                  used to maximize the ratio of the observed climate
                  change signal to the natural variability noise. If
                  detection is successful, attribution of the observed
                  climate change to the hypothesized forcing mechanism
                  is carried out in a second step by comparing the
                  observed and predicted climate change signals. In
                  contrast, the Bayesian approach to detection and
                  attribution makes no distinction between detection
                  and attribution. The purpose of filtering in this
                  case is to maximize the impact of the evidence, the
                  observed climate change, on the prior probability
                  that the hypothesis of an anthropogenic origin of
                  the observed signal is true. Whereas in the
                  conventional approach model uncertainties have no
                  direct impact on the definition of the optimal
                  detection fingerprint, in optimal Bayesian filtering
                  they play a central role. The number of patterns
                  retained is governed by the magnitude of the
                  predicted signal relative to the model
                  uncertainties, defined in a pattern space normalized
                  by the natural climate variability. Although this
                  results in some reduction of the original phase
                  space, this is not the primary objective of Bayesian
                  filtering, in contrast to the conventional approach,
                  in which dimensional reduction is a necessary
                  prerequisite for enhancing the signal-to-noise
                  ratio. The Bayesian filtering method is illustrated
                  for two anthropogenic forcing hypotheses: greenhouse
                  gases alone, and a combination of greenhouse gases
                  plus sulfate aerosols. The hypotheses are tested
                  against 31-year trends for near-surface temperature,
                  summer and winter diurnal temperature range, and
                  precipitation. Between six and thirteen response
                  patterns can be retained, as compared with the one
                  or two response patterns normally used in the
                  conventional approach. Strong evidence is found for
                  the detection of an anthropogenic climate change in
                  temperature, with some preference given to the
                  combined forcing hypothesis. Detection of recent
                  anthropogenic trends in diurnal temperature range
                  and precipitation is not successful, but there
                  remains strong net evidence for anthropogenic
                  climate change if all data are considered jointly.}
}

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  author =       {Michael P. Schodlok and Hartmut H. Hellmer and Aike
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  volume =       49,
  number =       21,
  pages =        {4807--4825},
  doi =          {10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00160-1}
}

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  author =       {Michael P. Schodlok and Manfred Wenzel, Jens
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  title =        {Regional and Global Effects of {S}outhern {O}cean
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  journal =      {submitted to Ocean Dynamics},
  year =         {2007},
  OPTkey =       {},
  OPTvolume =    {},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  OPTpages =     {},
  OPTmonth =     {},
  OPTnote =      {},
  OPTannote =    {}
}

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  author =       {Friedrich A. Schott and Thomas N. Lee and Rainer
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  volume =       18,
  number =       9,
  pages =        {1209--1230}
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  title =        {Tidally Driven Mixing in a Numerical Model of the
                  Ocean General Circulation},
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  volume =       6,
  number =       {3--4},
  pages =        {245--263},
  doi =          {10.1016/S1463-5003(03)00011-8}
}

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  author =       {P. W. Sloss},
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@Article{sloyan00:_circul_renew_modif_antar_mode_inter_water,
  author =       {Bernadette M. Sloyan and Stephen R. Rintoul},
  title =        {Circulation, Renewal and Modification of {A}ntarctic
                  Mode and Intermediate Water},
  journal =      jpo,
  year =         2001,
  note =         {in press}
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