| 12 |
C-grid variants are available; the C-grid code allows for no-slip |
C-grid variants are available; the C-grid code allows for no-slip |
| 13 |
and free-slip lateral boundary conditions; |
and free-slip lateral boundary conditions; |
| 14 |
\item two different solution methods for solving the nonlinear |
\item two different solution methods for solving the nonlinear |
| 15 |
momentum equations have been adopted: LSOR \citep{zha97}, EVP |
momentum equations have been adopted: LSOR \citep{zhang97}, EVP |
| 16 |
\citep{hunke97}; |
\citep{hunke97}; |
| 17 |
\item ice-ocean stress can be formulated as in \citet{hibler87}; |
\item ice-ocean stress can be formulated as in \citet{hibler87}; |
| 18 |
\item ice variables are advected by sophisticated advection schemes; |
\item ice variables are advected by sophisticated advection schemes; |
| 98 |
\left(\dot{\epsilon}_{11}^2+\dot{\epsilon}_{22}^2\right) |
\left(\dot{\epsilon}_{11}^2+\dot{\epsilon}_{22}^2\right) |
| 99 |
(1+e^{-2}) + 4e^{-2}\dot{\epsilon}_{12}^2 + |
(1+e^{-2}) + 4e^{-2}\dot{\epsilon}_{12}^2 + |
| 100 |
2\dot{\epsilon}_{11}\dot{\epsilon}_{22} (1-e^{-2}) |
2\dot{\epsilon}_{11}\dot{\epsilon}_{22} (1-e^{-2}) |
| 101 |
\right]^{-\frac{1}{2}} |
\right]^{\frac{1}{2}} |
| 102 |
\end{align*} |
\end{align*} |
| 103 |
The bulk viscosities are bounded above by imposing both a minimum |
The bulk viscosities are bounded above by imposing both a minimum |
| 104 |
$\Delta_{\min}=10^{-11}\text{\,s}^{-1}$ (for numerical reasons) and a |
$\Delta_{\min}=10^{-11}\text{\,s}^{-1}$ (for numerical reasons) and a |
| 280 |
algorithm following Archimedes' principle) turns snow into ice until |
algorithm following Archimedes' principle) turns snow into ice until |
| 281 |
the ice surface is back at $z=0$ \citep{leppaeranta83}. |
the ice surface is back at $z=0$ \citep{leppaeranta83}. |
| 282 |
|
|
| 283 |
Effective ich thickness (ice volume per unit area, |
Effective ice thickness (ice volume per unit area, |
| 284 |
$c\cdot{h}$), concentration $c$ and effective snow thickness |
$c\cdot{h}$), concentration $c$ and effective snow thickness |
| 285 |
($c\cdot{h}_{s}$) are advected by ice velocities: |
($c\cdot{h}_{s}$) are advected by ice velocities: |
| 286 |
\begin{equation} |
\begin{equation} |
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