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\begin{abstract} |
\begin{abstract} |
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As part of an ongoing effort to obtain a best possible, time-evolving analysis |
This paper describes a sea-ice model that has been developed for coupled |
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of most |
ocean and sea-ice state estimation. This sea ice model includes both |
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available ocean and sea ice data, a dynamic and thermodynamic |
forward and adjoint counterparts. The forward model borrows many components |
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sea-ice model has been coupled to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
from current-generation sea ice models but these components are reformulated |
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general circulation model (MITgcm). Ice mechanics follow a viscous-plastic |
on an Arakawa C grid in order to match the MITgcm oceanic grid and they are |
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rheology and the ice momentum equations are solved numerically using either |
modified in many ways to permit efficient and accurate automatic |
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line-successive-relaxation (LSR) or elastic-viscous-plastic (EVP) dynamic |
differentiation. Ice mechanics follow a viscous-plastic rheology and the ice |
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models. Ice thermodynamics are represented using either a zero-heat-capacity |
momentum equations are solved numerically using either |
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formulation or a two-layer formulation that conserves enthalpy. The model |
line-successive-relaxation (LSR) or elastic-viscous-plastic (EVP) dynamic |
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includes prognostic variables for snow and for sea-ice salinity. The above |
models. Ice thermodynamics are represented using either a |
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sea ice model components were borrowed from current-generation climate models |
zero-heat-capacity formulation or a two-layer formulation that conserves |
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but they were reformulated on an Arakawa C grid in order to match the MITgcm |
enthalpy. The model includes prognostic variables for snow and for sea-ice |
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oceanic grid and they were modified in many ways to permit efficient and |
salinity, several different formulation of ice-ocean stress, and the option |
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accurate automatic differentiation. This paper describes the MITgcm sea ice |
to use sophisticated conservative advection schemes with flux limiting. |
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model; it presents example Arctic and Antarctic results from a realistic, |
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eddy-permitting, global ocean and sea-ice configuration; it compares B-grid |
This paper illustrates the utilization of the forward and adjoint |
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and C-grid dynamic solvers in a regional Arctic configuration; and it presents |
counterparts via exploration of forward and adjoint model sensitivities to |
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example results from coupled ocean and sea-ice adjoint-model integrations. |
littoral interactions in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. [SOME CONCLUSIONS |
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TO BE ADDED HERE.] |
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\end{abstract} |
\end{abstract} |
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