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\begin{abstract} |
\begin{abstract} |
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As part of ongoing efforts to obtain a best possible synthesis of most |
As part of ongoing efforts to obtain a best possible synthesis of most |
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available, global-scale, ocean and sea ice data, dynamic and thermodynamic |
available, global-scale, ocean and sea ice data, a dynamic and thermodynamic |
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sea-ice model components have been incorporated in the Massachusetts Institute |
sea-ice model has been coupled to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
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of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). Sea-ice dynamics use either |
general circulation model (MITgcm). Ice mechanics follow a viscous plastic |
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a visco-plastic rheology solved with a line successive relaxation (LSR) |
rheology and the ice momentum equations are solved numerically using either |
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technique, reformulated on an Arakawa C-grid in order to match the oceanic and |
line successive relaxation (LSR) or elastic-viscous-plastic (EVP) dynamic |
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atmospheric grids of the MITgcm, and modified to permit efficient and accurate |
models. Ice thermodynamics are represented using either a zero-heat-capacity |
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automatic differentiation of the coupled ocean and sea-ice model |
formulation or a two-layer formulation that conserves enthalpy. The model |
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configurations. |
includes prognostic variables for snow and for sea-ice salinity. The above |
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sea ice model components were borrowed from current-generation climate models |
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but they were reformulated on an Arakawa C-grid in order to match the MITgcm |
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oceanic grid and they were modified in many ways to permit efficient and |
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accurate automatic differentiation. This paper describes the MITgcm sea ice |
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model; it presents example Arctic and Antarctic results from a realistic, |
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eddy-permitting, global ocean and sea-ice configuration; it compares B-grid |
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and C-grid dynamic solvers in a regional Arctic configuration; and it presents |
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example results from coupled ocean and sea-ice adjoint-model integrations. |
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\end{abstract} |
\end{abstract} |
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\section{Introduction} |
\section{Introduction} |
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\label{sec:intro} |
\label{sec:intro} |
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more blabla |
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\section{Model} |
\section{Model} |
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\label{sec:model} |
\label{sec:model} |
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\subsection{Arctic Domain with Open Boundaries} |
\subsection{Arctic Domain with Open Boundaries} |
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\label{sec:arctic} |
\label{sec:arctic} |
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The Arctic domain of integration is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{???}. It |
The Arctic domain of integration is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:arctic1}. It |
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is carved out from, and obtains open boundary conditions from, the |
is carved out from, and obtains open boundary conditions from, the |
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global cubed-sphere configuration of the Estimating the Circulation |
global cubed-sphere configuration of the Estimating the Circulation |
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and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2) project |
and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2) project |
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\citet{menemenlis05}. The domain size is 420 by 384 grid boxes |
\citet{menemenlis05}. The domain size is 420 by 384 grid boxes |
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horizontally with mean horizontal grid spacing of 18 km. |
horizontally with mean horizontal grid spacing of 18 km. |
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\begin{figure} |
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%\centerline{{\includegraphics*[width=0.44\linewidth]{\fpath/arctic1.eps}}} |
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\caption{Bathymetry of Arctic Domain.\label{fig:arctic1}} |
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\end{figure} |
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There are 50 vertical levels ranging in thickness from 10 m near the surface |
There are 50 vertical levels ranging in thickness from 10 m near the surface |
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to approximately 450 m at a maximum model depth of 6150 m. Bathymetry is from |
to approximately 450 m at a maximum model depth of 6150 m. Bathymetry is from |
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the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) 2-minute gridded global relief |
the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) 2-minute gridded global relief |
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