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note = {2nd edition}
|
711 |
|
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}
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712 |
|
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|
713 |
|
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@Article{hasselmann93:_fingerprints,
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714 |
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author = {Klaus Hasselmann},
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715 |
|
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title = {Optimal Fingerprints for the Detection of
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Time-dependent Climate Change},
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717 |
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journal = jcl,
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718 |
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year = 1993,
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volume = 6,
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|
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number = 10,
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|
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pages = {1957--1971}
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}
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@Article{hasselmann98,
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author = {Klaus Hasselmann},
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title = {Conventional and {B}ayesian Approach to
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Climate-Change Detection and Attribution},
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year = 1998,
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volume = 124,
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number = 552,
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abstract = {The conventional multi-variate, multi-fingerprint
|
733 |
|
|
theory of climate-change detection and attribution,
|
734 |
|
|
expressed in terms of existing frequency
|
735 |
|
|
distributions, is reviewed and generalized to a
|
736 |
|
|
Bayesian approach based on subjective
|
737 |
|
|
probabilities. Bayesian statistics enable a
|
738 |
|
|
quantitive determination of the impact of
|
739 |
|
|
climate-change detection tests on prior subjective
|
740 |
|
|
assessments of the probability of an externally
|
741 |
|
|
forced climate change. The Bayesian method also
|
742 |
|
|
provides a potentially powerful tool for enhancing
|
743 |
|
|
statistical detection and attribution tests by
|
744 |
|
|
combining a number of different climate-change
|
745 |
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indicators that are not amenable to standard
|
746 |
|
|
signal-to-noise analyses because of inadequate
|
747 |
|
|
information on the associated natural-variability
|
748 |
|
|
statistics. The relation between the conventional
|
749 |
|
|
and Bayesian approach is illustrated by examples
|
750 |
|
|
taken from recent conventional analyses of
|
751 |
|
|
climate-change detection and attribution for three
|
752 |
|
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cases of climate-change forcing by increasing
|
753 |
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greenhouse-gas concentrations, increasing
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greenhouse-gas and aerosol concentrations, and
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755 |
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variations in solar insolation. The enhancement of
|
756 |
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detection and attribution levels through a joint
|
757 |
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Bayesian analysis of a number of different
|
758 |
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climate-change indices is demonstrated in a further
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example. However, this advantage of the Bayesian
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760 |
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approach can be achieved only within the framework
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of a subjective rather than objective analysis. The
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conventional and Bayesian approach both exhibit
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763 |
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specific advantages and shortcomings, so that a
|
764 |
|
|
parallel application of both methods is probably the
|
765 |
|
|
most promising detection and attribution strategy.}
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}
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Transport in Western Boundary Currents},
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V. F. Kanayev and T. G. Zhugrina and
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L. I. Lavrishcheva},
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Achieve Static Stability},
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@Book{kalledietrich,
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Krauss and Gerold Siedler",
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W. Collins and D. Deaven and L. Gandin and
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M. Iredell and S. Saha and G. White and J. Woollen
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W. Higgins and J. Janowiak and K. C. Mo and
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C. Ropelewski and J. Wang and A. Leetmaa and
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R. Reynolds and R. Jenne and D. Joseph},
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@Article{killworth99,
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author = {Peter D. Killworth and Neil R. Edwards},
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title = {A Turbulent Bottom Boundary Layer Code for Use in
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Numerical Ocean Models},
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journal = jpo,
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year = 1999,
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volume = 29,
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number = 6,
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pages = {1221--1238}
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}
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@TechReport{king94:_altim_data_set,
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author = {Charmaine King and Detlef Stammer and Carl Wunsch},
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912 |
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title = {The {CMPO/MIT} {TOPEX/POSEIDON} Altimetric Data Set},
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institution = {Center of Global Change Science, Massachusetts
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914 |
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Institute of Technology},
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915 |
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year = 1994,
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type = {Report},
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number = 30
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}
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@Article{kistler01,
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author = {R. Kistler and E. Kalnay and W. Collins and S. Saha
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and G. White and J. Woollen and M. Chelliah and
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W. Ebisuzaki and M. Kanamitsu and V. Kousky and
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H. van den Dool and R. Jenne and M. Fiorino},
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title = {The {NCEP-NCAR} 50-Year Reanalysis: Monthly Means
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{CD-ROM} and Documentation},
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and Gerd Rohardt},
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title = {The Transport of the {W}eddell {G}yre Across the
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{P}rime {M}eridian},
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}
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@Article{koenig-langlo94,
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author = {Gert K{\"o}nig-Langlo and Ernst Augstein},
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946 |
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title = {Parameterization of the Downward Long-Wave Radiation
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at the {E}arth's Surface in Polar Regions},
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journal = metzeit,
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year = 1994,
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volume = 3,
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number = 6,
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}
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title = {The Meteorological Information System at the
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@Book{kowalik93:_num_mod,
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title = {Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and
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sea-ice models: the data sets and flux
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@Proceedings{lederer:1998,
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editor = "H. Lederer and F. Hertweck",
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}
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@Article{madec91,
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author = {Gurvan Madec and Pascale Delecluse and Michel Crepon
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and Michel Chartier},
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title = {A Three-Dimensional Numerical Study of Deep-Water
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Formation in the {N}orthwestern {M}editerranean
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{S}ea},
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doi = {10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021}
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}
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@Article{marks06,
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author = {K. M. Marks and W. H. F. Smith},
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title = {An Evaluation of Publicly Available Global
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Bathymetry Grids},
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volume = 27,
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number = 1,
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pages = {19--34},
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doi = {10.1007/s11001-005-2095-4}
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}
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@Article{marshall01:_insensitivity,
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author = {David P. Marshall and James C. Stephens},
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1024 |
|
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title = {On the Insensitivity of the Wind-Driven Circulation
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to Bottom Topography},
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journal = jmr,
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year = 2001,
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volume = 59,
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1029 |
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number = 1,
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1030 |
|
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|
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|
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}
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1032 |
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1033 |
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@Article{marsland01,
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author = {Simon Marsland and J{\"o}rg-Olaf Wolff},
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title = {On the Sensitivity of {S}outhern {O}cean Sea Ice
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to the Surface Freshwater Flux: A Model Study},
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@Article{mcdougall03:_density,
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author = {Trevor J. McDougall and David R. Jackett and Daniel
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1046 |
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G. Wright and Rainer Feistel},
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title = {Accurate and Computationally Efficient Algorithms
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for Potential Temperature and Density of Seawater},
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year = 2003,
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@Article{mcdougall:87,
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title = "Neutral Surfaces",
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year = 1987,
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pages = "1950--1964"
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@Article{mcdougall:88,
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author = {Reiner Schnur and Klaus Hasselmann},
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title = {Optimal Filtering for {B}ayesian Detection and
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Attribution of Climate Change},
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journal = cdyn,
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year = 2005,
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volume = 24,
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pages = {45--55},
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abstract = {In the conventional approach to the detection of an
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1340 |
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anthropogenic or other externally forced climate
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1341 |
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|
change signal, optimal filters (fingerprints) are
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1342 |
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|
used to maximize the ratio of the observed climate
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1343 |
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|
change signal to the natural variability noise. If
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|
detection is successful, attribution of the observed
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|
climate change to the hypothesized forcing mechanism
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|
is carried out in a second step by comparing the
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|
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|
contrast, the Bayesian approach to detection and
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1349 |
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|
attribution makes no distinction between detection
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|
and attribution. The purpose of filtering in this
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|
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|
observed climate change, on the prior probability
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that the hypothesis of an anthropogenic origin of
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1355 |
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|
conventional approach model uncertainties have no
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|
direct impact on the definition of the optimal
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|
detection fingerprint, in optimal Bayesian filtering
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they play a central role. The number of patterns
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|
retained is governed by the magnitude of the
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|
predicted signal relative to the model
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|
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|
results in some reduction of the original phase
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|
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1365 |
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|
filtering, in contrast to the conventional approach,
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|
in which dimensional reduction is a necessary
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|
prerequisite for enhancing the signal-to-noise
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|
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|
summer and winter diurnal temperature range, and
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|
precipitation. Between six and thirteen response
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|
patterns can be retained, as compared with the one
|
1376 |
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|
or two response patterns normally used in the
|
1377 |
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|
conventional approach. Strong evidence is found for
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1378 |
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|
the detection of an anthropogenic climate change in
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1379 |
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|
temperature, with some preference given to the
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1380 |
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|
combined forcing hypothesis. Detection of recent
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|
anthropogenic trends in diurnal temperature range
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|
and precipitation is not successful, but there
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1383 |
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|
remains strong net evidence for anthropogenic
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1384 |
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|
climate change if all data are considered jointly.}
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1385 |
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|
}
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@Article{schodlok02,
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author = {Michael P. Schodlok and Hartmut H. Hellmer and Aike
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Beckmann},
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title = {On the Transport, Variability and Origin of Dense
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journal = dsrtwo,
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year = 2002,
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volume = 49,
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number = 21,
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pages = {4807--4825},
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doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00160-1}
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}
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author = {Michael P. Schodlok and Manfred Wenzel, Jens G. Schr{\"o}ter and Hartmut H. Hellmer},
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title = {Regional and Global Effects of Southern Ocean Constraints in a Global Model},
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journal = {submitted to Ocean Dynamics},
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year = {2007},
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|
OPTkey = {},
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OPTvolume = {},
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OPTnumber = {},
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OPTpages = {},
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1758 |
|
|
@Article{wunsch05:_therm_loops_stomm_box_model_sands,
|
1759 |
|
|
author = {Carl Wunsch},
|
1760 |
|
|
title = {Thermohaline Loops, {S}tommel Box Models, and the
|
1761 |
|
|
{S}andstr{\"o}m theorem},
|
1762 |
|
|
journal = {Tellus A},
|
1763 |
|
|
year = 2005,
|
1764 |
|
|
volume = 57,
|
1765 |
|
|
number = 1,
|
1766 |
|
|
pages = {84--99},
|
1767 |
|
|
doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0870.2005.00093.x}
|
1768 |
|
|
}
|
1769 |
|
|
|
1770 |
|
|
@Article{wunsch05a,
|
1771 |
|
|
author = {Carl Wunsch},
|
1772 |
|
|
title = {The Total Meridional Heat Flux and Its Oceanic and
|
1773 |
|
|
Atmospheric Partition},
|
1774 |
|
|
journal = jcl,
|
1775 |
|
|
year = 2005,
|
1776 |
|
|
volume = 18,
|
1777 |
|
|
pages = {4374--4380},
|
1778 |
|
|
number = 21,
|
1779 |
|
|
doi = {10.1175/JCLI3539.1}
|
1780 |
|
|
}
|
1781 |
|
|
|
1782 |
|
|
@Incollection{wunsch84:_wm65,
|
1783 |
|
|
author = {C. Wunsch},
|
1784 |
|
|
title = {Acoustic tomography and other answers},
|
1785 |
|
|
booktitle = {"It's the water that makes you drunk." A celebration
|
1786 |
|
|
in Geophysics and Oceanography -- 1982. In honor of
|
1787 |
|
|
Walter Munk on his 65th birthday.},
|
1788 |
|
|
publisher = {Scripps Institution of Oceanography, of California,
|
1789 |
|
|
San Diego},
|
1790 |
|
|
year = {1984},
|
1791 |
|
|
series = {Scripps Institution of Oceanography Reference Series
|
1792 |
|
|
84-5},
|
1793 |
|
|
pages = {47--62},
|
1794 |
|
|
address = {La Jolla, CA},
|
1795 |
|
|
}
|
1796 |
|
|
|
1797 |
|
|
|
1798 |
|
|
@Article{wunsch99:_inter_short_climat_recor_commen,
|
1799 |
|
|
author = {Carl Wunsch},
|
1800 |
|
|
title = {The Interpretation of Short Climate Records, with
|
1801 |
|
|
Comments on the {N}orth {A}tlantic and {S}outhern
|
1802 |
|
|
{O}scillation},
|
1803 |
|
|
journal = bams,
|
1804 |
|
|
year = 1999,
|
1805 |
|
|
volume = 80,
|
1806 |
|
|
pages = {245--255}
|
1807 |
|
|
}
|
1808 |
|
|
|