C $Header: /home/ubuntu/mnt/e9_copy/MITgcm/pkg/bulk_force/bulkf_formula_lay.F,v 1.2 2006/05/30 22:44:54 mlosch Exp $ C $Name: $ #include "BULK_FORCE_OPTIONS.h" CBOP C !ROUTINE: BULKF_FORMULA_LAY C !INTERFACE: SUBROUTINE BULKF_FORMULA_LAY( I uw, vw, ws, Ta, Qa, tsfCel, O flwupa, flha, fsha, df0dT, O ust, vst, evp, ssq, dEvdT, I iceornot, i,j,bi,bj,myThid ) C !DESCRIPTION: \bv C *==========================================================* C | SUBROUTINE BULKF_FORMULA_LAY C | o Calculate bulk formula fluxes over open ocean or seaice C | Large and Yeager, 2004, NCAR/TN-460+STR. C *==========================================================* C \ev C C === Turbulent Fluxes : C * use the approach "B": shift coeff to height & stability of the C atmosphere state (instead of "C": shift temp & humid to the height C of wind, then shift the coeff to this height & stability of the atmos). C * similar to EXF (except over sea-ice) ; default parameter values C taken from Large & Yeager. C * assume that Qair & Tair inputs are from the same height (zq=zt) C * formulae in short: C wind stress = (ust,vst) = rhoA * Cd * Ws * (del.u,del.v) C Sensib Heat flux = fsha = rhoA * Ch * Ws * del.T * CpAir C Latent Heat flux = flha = rhoA * Ce * Ws * del.Q * Lvap C = -Evap * Lvap C with Ws = wind speed = sqrt(del.u^2 +del.v^2) ; C del.T = Tair - Tsurf ; del.Q = Qair - Qsurf ; C Cd,Ch,Ce = drag coefficient, Stanton number and Dalton number C respectively [no-units], function of height & stability C !USES: IMPLICIT NONE C === Global variables === #include "EEPARAMS.h" #include "SIZE.h" #include "PARAMS.h" #include "BULKF_PARAMS.h" C !INPUT/OUTPUT PARAMETERS: C input: _RL uw ! zonal wind speed (at grid center) [m/s] _RL vw ! meridional wind speed (at grid center) [m/s] _RL ws ! wind speed [m/s] at height zwd _RL Ta ! air temperature [K] at height zth _RL Qa ! specific humidity [kg/kg] at heigth zth _RL tsfCel ! sea-ice or sea surface temperature [oC] INTEGER iceornot ! 0=open water, 1=sea-ice, 2=sea-ice with snow INTEGER i,j, bi,bj !current grid point indices INTEGER myThid ! my Thread Id number C output: _RL flwupa ! upward long wave radiation (>0 upward) [W/m2] _RL flha ! latent heat flux (>0 downward) [W/m2] _RL fsha ! sensible heat flux (>0 downward) [W/m2] _RL df0dT ! derivative of heat flux with respect to Tsf [W/m2/K] _RL ust ! zonal wind stress (at grid center) [N/m2] _RL vst ! meridional wind stress (at grid center)[N/m2] _RL evp ! evaporation rate (over open water) [kg/m2/s] _RL ssq ! surface specific humidity [kg/kg] _RL dEvdT ! derivative of evap. with respect to Tsf [kg/m2/s/K] CEOP #ifdef ALLOW_BULK_FORCE C == Local variables == _RL dflhdT ! derivative of latent heat with respect to T _RL dfshdT ! derivative of sensible heat with respect to T _RL dflwupdT ! derivative of long wave with respect to T _RL Tsf ! surface temperature [K] _RL Ts2 ! surface temperature square [K^2] c _RL ht ! height for air temperature [m] c _RL hq ! height for humidity [m] c _RL hu ! height for wind speed [m] c _RL zref ! reference height [m] _RL wsm ! limited wind speed [m/s] (> umin) _RL usn ! neutral, zref (=10m) wind speed [m/s] _RL usm ! usn but limited [m/s] (> umin) c _RL umin ! minimum wind speed used for drag-coeff [m/s] _RL lath ! latent heat of vaporization or sublimation [J/kg] _RL t0 ! virtual temperature [K] _RL delth ! potential temperature diff [K] _RL delq ! specific humidity difference [kg/kg] _RL ustar ! friction velocity [m/s] _RL tstar ! temperature scale [K] _RL qstar ! humidity scale [kg/kg] _RL rd ! = sqrt(Cd) [-] _RL re ! = Ce / sqrt(Cd) [-] _RL rh ! = Ch / sqrt(Cd) [-] _RL rdn, ren, rhn ! neutral, zref (=10m) values of rd, re, rh _RL stable ! = 1 if stable ; = 0 if unstable _RL huol ! stability parameter at zwd [-] (=z/Monin-Obuklov length) _RL htol ! stability parameter at zth [-] _RL x ! stability function [-] _RL xsq ! = x^2 [-] _RL psimh ! momentum stability function _RL psixh ! latent & sensib. stability function _RL czol ! = zref*Karman_cst*gravity _RL zwln ! = log(zwd/zref) _RL ztln ! = log(zth/zref) c _RL cdalton ! coeff to evaluate Dalton Number c _RL mixratio c _RL ea c _RL psim_fac _RL tau ! surface stress coef = rhoA * Ws * Cd _RL csha ! sensib.heat flx coef = rhoA * Ws * Ch * CpAir _RL clha ! latent heat flx coef = rhoA * Ws * Ce * Lvap c _RL zice c _RL ssq0, ssq1, ssq2 ! constant used in saturated specific humidity c _RL p0 ! reference sea-level atmospheric pressure [mb] _RL qs1w, qs2w ! above freezing saturated specific humidity _RL qs1i, qs2i ! below freezing saturated specific humidity _RL tmpBlk _RL half, one, two INTEGER iter C == external Functions C-- Constant DATA half, one, two & / 0.5 _d 0 , 1. _d 0 , 2. _d 0 / c DATA ssq0, ssq1, ssq2 c & / 3.797915 _d 0 , 7.93252 _d -6 , 2.166847 _d -3 / c DATA p0 / 1013. _d 0 / DATA qs1w, qs2w & / 640.38 _d 3 , 5107.0 _d -0 / DATA qs1i, qs2i & / 11637.80 _d 3 , 5897.8 _d -0 / C-- Set surface parameters : c zice = 0.0005 _d 0 zwln = LOG(zwd/zref) ztln = LOG(zth/zref) czol = zref*xkar*gravity C- Surface Temp. Tsf = tsfCel+Tf0kel Ts2 = Tsf*Tsf C- Wind speed IF (ws.EQ.0. _d 0) THEN ws = SQRT(uw*uw + vw*vw) ENDIF wsm = MAX(ws,umin) C--- Compute turbulent surface fluxes C- Pot. Temp and saturated specific humidity t0 = Ta*(one + humid_fac*Qa) IF ( iceornot.EQ.0 ) THEN lath=Lvap ssq = saltQsFac*qs1w*EXP( -qs2w/Tsf ) / rhoA dEvdT = qs2w ELSE lath = Lvap+Lfresh ssq = qs1i*EXP( -qs2i/Tsf ) / rhoA dEvdT = qs2i ENDIF c ssq = ssq0*EXP( lath*(ssq1-ssq2/Tsf) ) / p0 c dEvdT = lath*ssq2 delth = Ta + gamma_blk*zth - Tsf delq = Qa - ssq C-- initial guess for exchange coefficients: C take U_N = del.U ; stability from del.Theta ; stable = half + SIGN(half, delth) tmpBlk = cdrag_1/wsm + cdrag_2 + cdrag_3*wsm rdn = SQRT(tmpBlk) rhn = stable*cStantonS + (one-stable)*cStantonU ren = cDalton c rdn=xkar/(LOG(zref/zice)) c rhn=rdn c ren=rdn C-- calculate turbulent scales ustar=rdn*wsm tstar=rhn*delth qstar=ren*delq C--- iterate with psi-functions to find transfer coefficients DO iter=1,blk_nIter huol = ( tstar/t0 & +qstar/(Qa + one/humid_fac) & )*czol/(ustar*ustar) huol = SIGN( MIN(abs(huol),10. _d 0), huol) stable = half + SIGN(half, huol) xsq = SQRT( ABS(one - huol*16. _d 0) ) x = SQRT(xsq) psimh = -5. _d 0*huol*stable & + (one-stable)* & ( LOG( (one + two*x + xsq)*(one+xsq)*.125 ) & -two*ATAN(x) + half*pi ) htol = huol*zth/zwd xsq = SQRT( ABS(one - htol*16. _d 0) ) psixh = -5. _d 0*htol*stable & + (one-stable)*( two*LOG(half*(one+xsq)) ) C- Shift wind speed using old coefficient usn = ws/(one + rdn/xkar*(zwln-psimh) ) usm = MAX(usn, umin) C- Update the 10m, neutral stability transfer coefficients tmpBlk = cdrag_1/usm + cdrag_2 + cdrag_3*usm rdn = SQRT(tmpBlk) rhn = stable*cStantonS + (one-stable)*cStantonU ren = cDalton C- Shift all coefficients to the measurement height and stability. rd = rdn/(1. _d 0 + rdn*(zwln-psimh)/xkar) rh = rhn/(1. _d 0 + rhn*(ztln-psixh)/xkar) re = ren/(1. _d 0 + ren*(ztln-psixh)/xkar) C-- Update ustar, tstar, qstar using updated, shifted coefficients. ustar = rd*wsm qstar = re*delq tstar = rh*delth ENDDO C- Coeff: tau = rhoA*rd*ws csha = cpAir*tau*rh clha = lath*tau*re C- Turbulent Fluxes fsha = csha*delth flha = clha*delq evp = -flha/lath ust = tau*rd*uw vst = tau*rd*vw C- surf.Temp derivative of turbulent Fluxes dEvdT = tau*re*ssq*dEvdT/Ts2 dflhdT = -lath*dEvdT dfshdT = -csha C--- Upward long wave radiation IF ( iceornot.EQ.0 ) THEN flwupa = ocean_emissivity*stefan*Ts2*Ts2 dflwupdT= ocean_emissivity*stefan*Ts2*Tsf*4. _d 0 ELSEIF (iceornot.EQ.2) THEN flwupa = snow_emissivity*stefan*Ts2*Ts2 dflwupdT = snow_emissivity*stefan*Ts2*Tsf*4. _d 0 ELSE flwupa = ice_emissivity*stefan*Ts2*Ts2 dflwupdT = ice_emissivity*stefan*Ts2*Tsf*4. _d 0 ENDIF C- Total derivative with respect to surface temperature df0dT = -dflwupdT+dfshdT+dflhdT #endif /*ALLOW_BULK_FORCE*/ RETURN END